| Profitability | 95/100 |
| Growth | 66/100 |
| Momentum | 79/100 |
| Quality | 83/100 |
| Earnings Quality | 61/100 |
| Balance Sheet | 92/100 |
| Value | 38/100 |
| Risk (safety) | 100/100 |
| Overall | 69.4/100 |
| Symbol | IS Score |
|---|---|
| LRCX | 76 |
| TXN | 79 |
| ARM | 80 |
| INTC | 47 |
| KLAC | 72 |
| MRVL | 67 |
| AMAT | 69 |
These two disagree — business quality 69, price structure 18 out of 100, so the business reads better than the price does. We publish the disagreement rather than resolving it: they answer different questions, and the gap between them is information, not an error.
| Trigger | Where it stands now | What it would mean |
|---|---|---|
| IS Score reaches 75 and holds two consecutive quarters | now 69.4 | would move us up one band |
| IS Score stops falling - one quarter higher than the prior | last four: 65 → 73 → 69 → 69 | the direction matters more than the level |
| Technical vote share back above 50% | now 18% | price structure no longer broken |
| Institutional holder count rises two quarters running | peak 3,526 → now 3,526 | fewer institutions willing to hold is our clearest warning |
This page is InsiderStreet's own reading, produced from the data in the rest of this document. It is not a price target and not investment advice. Analyst consensus and street price targets appear later under their own heading and are the street's numbers, not ours.
| Quarter | Holders | 13F shares | Value | Reported own% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 Q2 | 3,526 | 669.1M | $463.6B | 84.3% |
| 2026 Q1 | 2,954 | 633.5M | $209.2B | 79.8% |
| 2025 Q4 | 2,649 | 652.9M | $162.6B | 82.2% |
| 2025 Q3 | 2,362 | 631.9M | $125.0B | 79.6% |
| 2025 Q2 | 2,328 | 633.8M | $110.3B | 79.8% |
| 2025 Q1 | 2,170 | 636.1M | $89.2B | 80.1% |
| 2024 Q4 | 2,244 | 646.2M | $102.1B | 81.4% |
| 2024 Q3 | 2,214 | 650.2M | $127.4B | 81.9% |
| 2024 Q2 | 2,290 | 662.4M | $150.7B | 83.4% |
| 2024 Q1 | 2,225 | 652.2M | $128.6B | 82.1% |
| 2023 Q4 | 2,038 | 672.4M | $105.0B | 84.7% |
| 2023 Q3 | 1,852 | 670.4M | $90.2B | 84.4% |
| Insider | Role | Date | Type | Shares | Value | Post-Txn Owned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanders Adam | Corp. Controller & CAO | 2026-10-02 | SELL | 725 | $0.39M | 3,181 |
| Sanders Adam | Corp. Controller & CAO | 2026-10-01 | TAX W/H | 269 | $0.14M | 3,906 |
| Deane Timothy M | SVP, Applied Global Services | 2026-10-01 | TAX W/H | 2,644 | $1.40M | 130,462 |
| Bruner Judy | director | 2026-09-08 | SELL | 1,000 | $0.47M | 25,544 |
| Palkhiwala Akash J. | director | 2026-08-27 | A-Award | 279 | — | 279 |
| Hill Brice | SVP, CFO | 2026-08-25 | SELL | 7,500 | $3.59M | 128,613 |
| Sanders Adam | Corp. Controller & CAO | 2026-07-01 | TAX W/H | 125 | $0.08M | 4,155 |
| Dickerson Gary E | director, President and CEO | 2026-06-30 | SELL | 19,970 | $14.68M | 1,599,873 |
| 6-mo decomposition (Form 4) | Txns | Shares | Value | Signal weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S — Open-market sales | 38 | 289,813 | $175.1M | Counted |
| F — Tax withholding | 4 | 3,163 | $1.7M | None — compensation |
| G — Gifts | 4 | 37,150 | — | None |
| P — Open-market purchases | 0 | 0 | $0 | Counted — none occurred |
| Filed | Filer | Shares registered | Est. proceeds |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-08 | Bruner Judy | 1,000 | $0.5M |
| 2026-08-25 | Brice Hill | 10,000 | $3.6M |
| 2026-06-29 | Gary Dickerson | 100,000 | $70.0M |
| 2026-06-16 | Iannotti Thomas J | 9,250 | $5.5M |
| Trailing 12 mo | 14 filings | 269,522 | $148M |
| Filed | Form | Reporting person | % of class | Shares |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-03-26 | SCHEDULE 13G/A | The Vanguard Group | — | exit/reporting change |
| Member | Chamber | Trade | Size band | Traded | Disclosed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Josh Gottheimer | House | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-09-15 | 2026-10-08 |
| Josh Gottheimer | House | BUY | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-08-06 | 2026-09-15 |
| John McGuire | House | BUY | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-07-15 | 2026-08-11 |
| John Boozman | Senate | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-02-27 | 2026-03-06 |
| Markwayne Mullin | Senate | BUY | $15,001 - $50,000 | 2025-12-29 | 2026-01-16 |
| Markwayne Mullin | Senate | BUY | $15,001 - $50,000 | 2025-12-29 | 2026-01-15 |
| Manager | Shares | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Assenagon Asset Management S.A. | 767,698 | $393M |
| Fort Washington Investment Advisor | 445,079 | $228M |
| Sarasin & Partners Llp | 428,405 | $219M |
| Vontobel Holding Ltd. | 369,984 | $189M |
| Fjarde Ap-Fonden /Fourth Swedish N | 358,226 | $183M |
| Wealth Enhancement Advisory Servic | 346,326 | $85M |
| Fund | Weight | Position |
|---|---|---|
| VITSX | 0.6% | $12.9B |
| VTI | 0.6% | $12.9B |
| VTSAX | 0.6% | $12.9B |
| VSMPX | 0.6% | $12.9B |
| VFFSX | 0.6% | $10.7B |
| VFINX | 0.6% | $10.7B |
| ATS Venue (4-wk) | Shares | Avg trade |
|---|---|---|
| Incr Intelligent Cross Llc | 7.6M | 51 sh |
| Ubsa Ubs Ats | 6.9M | 56 sh |
| Sgmt Sigma X2 | 3.7M | 48 sh |
| Ebxl Level Ats | 3.5M | 25 sh |
| Mlix Instinct X | 3.4M | 72 sh |
| Pure Purestream | 2.7M | 46 sh |
| Region | Revenue | Share |
|---|---|---|
| CHINA | $8.5B | 30% |
| TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA | $6.9B | 24% |
| KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | $5.6B | 20% |
| UNITED STATES | $3.1B | 11% |
| JAPAN | $2.3B | 8% |
| Southeast Asia | $1.1B | 4% |
| Europe | $962M | 3% |
Moat score 60/100 — Narrow; primary source Efficient Scale.
| Officer | Title |
|---|---|
| Gary E. Dickerson | President, Chief Executive Officer & Executive Director |
| Teri A. Little | Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer & Corporate Secretary |
| Prabu G. Raja | President of Semiconductor Products Group |
| Brice A. Hill | Senior VP, CFO & Global Information Services |
| Period | EPS est. | EPS actual | EPS surprise | Rev est. ($M) | Rev actual ($M) | Rev surprise |
|---|
| YoY growth | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | +34.1% | +11.8% | +2.8% | +2.5% | +4.4% |
| Gross profit | +41.9% | +9.9% | +3.3% | +4.1% | +7.1% |
| Operating income | +57.8% | +13.0% | -1.7% | +2.8% | +5.4% |
| Net income | +62.7% | +10.8% | +5.1% | +4.7% | -2.5% |
| $B · FY ends | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 23.1 | 25.8 | 26.5 | 27.2 | 28.4 | |
| Cost of revenue | 12.1 | 13.8 | 14.1 | 14.3 | 14.6 | |
| Gross profit | 10.9 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 13.8 | |
| R&D expense | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 | |
| SG&A expense | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Operating income | 6.9 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 8.3 | |
| EBITDA | 7.4 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.7 | |
| D&A | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | |
| Pretax income | 6.8 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 9.3 | |
| Income tax | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 2.3 | |
| Net income | 5.9 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.0 | |
| Diluted EPS ($) | 6.40 | 7.44 | 8.11 | 8.61 | 8.66 | |
| Diluted shares (M) | 919 | 877 | 845 | 834 | 808 |
| $B | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash & equivalents | 2.0 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 7.2 | |
| ST investments | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | |
| Receivables (net) | 6.5 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.3 | |
| Total current assets | 15.9 | 19.1 | 21.2 | 20.9 | |
| PP&E (net) | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 5.1 | |
| Goodwill + intangibles | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | |
| Total assets | 26.7 | 30.7 | 34.4 | 36.3 | |
| Accounts payable | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | |
| Short-term debt | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | |
| Deferred revenue | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | |
| Total current liabilities | 7.4 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 8.0 | |
| Long-term debt | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | |
| Total liabilities | 14.5 | 14.4 | 15.4 | 15.9 | |
| Shareholders' equity | 12.2 | 16.3 | 19.0 | 20.4 |
| $B | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net income | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.0 | |
| D&A | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Stock-based compensation | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | |
| Working capital change | (1.8) | 0.8 | 1.1 | (1.1) | |
| Operating cash flow | 5.4 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.0 | |
| Capital expenditures | (0.8) | (1.1) | (1.2) | (2.3) | |
| Investing cash flow | (1.4) | (1.5) | (2.3) | (2.8) | |
| Buybacks | (6.1) | (2.2) | (3.8) | (4.9) | |
| Dividends paid | (0.9) | (1.0) | (1.2) | (1.4) | |
| Debt issuance / (repay) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.3 | |
| Financing cash flow | (7.0) | (3.0) | (4.5) | (6.0) | |
| Free cash flow | 4.6 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 5.7 |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PROFITABILITY | |||||||
| ROE | 51.6% | 53.4% | 48.0% | 40.6% | 35.5% | 40% | |
| ROA | 24.4% | 24.8% | 23.9% | 22.0% | 19.8% | 21.3% | |
| ROIC | 47.8% | 43.3% | 43.9% | 42.9% | 33.1% | 23.5% | |
| Gross margin | 47.3% | 46.5% | 46.7% | 47.5% | 48.7% | 49.4% | |
| Operating margin | 29.9% | 30.2% | 28.9% | 28.9% | 29.2% | 30.5% | |
| Net margin | 25.5% | 25.3% | 25.9% | 26.4% | 24.7% | 30.1% | |
| EBITDA margin | 32.0% | 32.0% | 31.9% | 32.3% | 34.0% | 37.4% | |
| FCF margin | 20.7% | 17.9% | 28.6% | 27.6% | 20.1% | — | |
| VALUATION | |||||||
| P/E | 20.27 | 11.47 | 15.81 | 21.26 | 26.03 | 35.1 | |
| P/B | 9.74 | 6.14 | 6.63 | 8.03 | 8.92 | 12.7 | |
| P/S | 5.17 | 2.90 | 4.09 | 5.61 | 6.42 | 10.53 | |
| P/FCF | 25.00 | 16.23 | 14.27 | 20.38 | 31.97 | 57.8 | |
| EV/EBITDA | 16.18 | 9.46 | 12.59 | 17.04 | 18.72 | 28.2 | |
| EV/Revenue | 5.19 | 3.03 | 4.05 | 5.51 | 6.37 | 10.5 | |
| Earnings yield | 4.9% | 8.7% | 6.3% | 4.7% | 3.8% | 2.85% | |
| FCF yield | 4.0% | 6.2% | 7.0% | 4.9% | 3.1% | 1.73% | |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEVERAGE & SOLVENCY | |||||||
| Current ratio | 2.54 | 2.16 | 2.60 | 2.51 | 2.61 | 2.42 | |
| Quick ratio | 1.86 | 1.35 | 1.82 | 1.87 | 1.87 | 1.79 | |
| Debt / equity | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.29 | |
| Debt / assets | 22.3% | 21.8% | 19.5% | 19.2% | 19.4% | 16.9% | |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 0.04 | 0.39 | -0.10 | -0.33 | -0.16 | 0.03 | |
| Interest coverage | 29.69 | 33.29 | 33.73 | 34.00 | 35.46 | — | |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFFICIENCY | |||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.71 | |
| Receivables turnover | 5.72 | 4.68 | 4.72 | 5.23 | 5.45 | 4.0 | |
| DSO (days) | 64 | 78 | 77 | 70 | 67 | 91 | |
| DPO (days) | 39 | 43 | 42 | 39 | 44 | 56 | |
| Cash conversion cycle | 148 | 171 | 186 | 173 | 165 | 189 | |
| GROWTH (YoY) | |||||||
| Revenue growth | 34.1% | 11.8% | 2.8% | 2.5% | 4.4% | — | |
| Net income growth | 62.7% | 10.8% | 5.1% | 4.7% | -2.5% | — | |
| EPS growth | 65.2% | 17.0% | 7.2% | 6.5% | 1.2% | — | |
| FCF growth | 41.2% | -3.4% | 64.7% | -1.4% | -23.9% | — | |
| PER SHARE ($) | |||||||
| EPS (diluted, TTM) | 6.49 | 7.60 | 8.14 | 8.67 | 8.77 | 11.67 | |
| Book value / share | 13.50 | 14.20 | 19.42 | 22.95 | 25.58 | 32.27 | |
| Revenue / share | 25.43 | 30.02 | 31.49 | 32.82 | 35.55 | 38.84 | |
| FCF / share | 5.26 | 5.37 | 9.02 | 9.04 | 7.14 | 7.08 | |
| Cash / share | 6.02 | 3.00 | 8.16 | 11.44 | 10.74 | 11.63 | |
| SHAREHOLDER RETURN & SCORES | |||||||
| Buyback yield | 3.3% | 8.2% | 2.0% | 2.5% | 2.7% | 0.47% | |
| Altman Z-Score | 9.26 | 7.39 | 8.70 | 10.00 | 11.09 | 14.8 | |
| Piotroski F-Score | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6/9 | |
| Beneish M-Score | -1.78 | -2.09 | -2.92 | -2.68 | -2.60 | -2.04 | |
| Model | Score | Zone | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piotroski F-Score | 6 / 9 | Middling | |
| Altman Z-Score | 14.8 | Safe (>2.99) | Safe |
| Income quality | 0.92 | Accrual-heavy | OCF ÷ net income |
| Beneish M-Score | -2.04 | Elevated | vs −2.22 threshold |
| DuPont Decomposition (TTM) | Value |
|---|---|
| Tax burden | 0.86 |
| Interest burden | 0.97 |
| Operating margin | 35.7% |
| Asset turnover | 0.79× |
| Financial leverage | 1.72× |
| = ROE | 41% |
| Growth Quality (live) | Value |
|---|---|
| Revenue stability | 0.97 |
| Earnings stability | 0.75 |
| Earnings persistence | 0.86 |
| Revenue CAGR 3y | 5.1% |
| EPS CAGR 3y | 14.8% |
| FCF CAGR 3y | -7.0% |
| Company | Mkt cap | P/E | ROE | Net margin | Rev growth | Piotroski | 1-yr ret |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LRCX | $330.3B | 45.6 | 65% | 33.9% | +26.0% | 8/9 | +85.7% |
| TXN | $252.5B | 41.8 | 35% | 36.2% | +16.7% | 7/9 | +61.6% |
| ARM | $243.3B | 234.8 | 13% | 20.9% | +25.1% | 7/9 | +33.1% |
| INTC | $475.0B | -42.6 | -12% | -68.4% | +7.5% | 7/9 | +143.9% |
| KLAC | $216.3B | 45.0 | 87% | 37.3% | +11.7% | 7/9 | — |
| MRVL | $199.5B | 74.7 | 17% | 11.2% | +30.6% | 7/9 | — |
| ADI | $191.6B | 46.7 | 12% | 33.3% | +33.6% | 7/9 | — |
| QCOM | $183.8B | 19.6 | 34% | 20.1% | +1.9% | 5/9 | — |
| Consensus estimates | Revenue mean | High / Low | EPS mean | High / Low | # EPS est. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2026 | $34.34B | $34.59B / $33.45B | $12.81 | $12.99 / $12.77 | 22 |
| FY2027 | $46.81B | $49.56B / $43.52B | $18.75 | $20.08 / $17.18 | 24 |
| FY2028 | $57.10B | $67.87B / $46.92B | $24.51 | $30.73 / $19.95 | 16 |
| Window | Avg Target | vs. Price | # Targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| Last Month | $576.50 | +40.9% | 2 |
| Last Quarter | $639.87 | +56.3% | 15 |
| Last Year | $494.42 | +20.8% | 97 |
| All Time | $334.20 | -18.3% | 194 |
| Moving Average | Value | Distance | % Distance | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMA 20 | $490.37 | -81.08 | -16.53% | Below |
| SMA 50 | $482.11 | -72.82 | -15.10% | Below |
| SMA 200 | $438.90 | -29.61 | -6.75% | Below |
| EMA 9 | $464.19 | -54.90 | -11.83% | Below |
| EMA 21 | $478.09 | -68.80 | -14.39% | Below |
| EMA 50 | $486.04 | -76.75 | -15.79% | Below |
| EMA 200 | $435.43 | -26.14 | -6.00% | Below |
| Level | Value | Level | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pivot / R1 / R2 | $427.60 / $436.97 / $443.92 | S1 / S2 | $420.65 / $411.28 |
| Bollinger (20,2) | $419.42 – $561.31 | Squeeze | Off |
| 52-wk range | $203.00 – $739.67 | Off 52-wk high | -44.7% |
| ATR (14) | $20.92 (5.1%) | Historical vol | 49.1% |
| Computed from live weekly prices | AMAT | S&P 500 |
|---|---|---|
| Weekly volatility (σ, 1y) | 9.63% | 1.83% |
| Best / worst week (1y) | +23.4% / -21.2% | — |
| Max drawdown (5y, monthly) | -50.0% | — |
| 1-week VaR (95%) | -17.8% | — |
| Beta (5y) | 1.60 | 1.00 |
| Reading | AMAT | Semiconductors n=871 | Technology n=6,969 | All US symbols n=70,435 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | -45.5 | -33.7 | -20.7 | -20.5 |
| Trend | -39.9 | -33.2 | -20.8 | -21.3 |
| Momentum | -74.3 | -59.0 | -28.5 | -15.8 |
| Volume | -21.4 | -25.6 | +0.0 | -3.8 |
| Executive | Total comp | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| Gary E. Dickerson President and Chief Execut | $29.6M | 96% equity+incentive |
| Prabu G. Raja President, Semiconductor Produ | $9.5M | 91% equity+incentive |
| Brice Hill Senior Vice President, Chief Fina | $8.5M | 91% equity+incentive |
| Timothy M. Deane Senior Vice President, Appl | $6.4M | 88% equity+incentive |
| Omkaram Nalamasu Senior Vice President, Chie | $6.0M | 89% equity+incentive |
| Pillar (live disclosure scores) | Score |
|---|---|
| Environmental | 73 |
| Social | 72 |
| Governance | 65 |
| Composite ESG | 70 |
| Filed | 8-K contents | Items |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-27 | Officer/Director Change; Regulation FD; Exhibits | 5.02,7.01,9.01 |
| 2026-08-13 | Earnings Release; Exhibits | 2.02,9.01 |
| 2026-03-13 | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 5.07 |
| 2026-02-12 | Regulation FD Disclosure; Other Events; Financial Statements and Exhib | 7.01,8.01,9.01 |
| 2026-02-12 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition; Financial Statements an | 2.02,9.01 |
| 2025-11-13 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition; Financial Statements an | 2.02,9.01 |
| 2025-10-23 | Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities; Regulation FD Discl | 2.05,7.01,9.01 |
| 2025-10-02 | Regulation FD Disclosure | 7.01 |
Methodology. Every figure originates in InsiderStreet's production data layer and is computed deterministically by the same engines that power insiderstreet.ai. This factsheet contains no model-written text. Sections without underlying data are omitted rather than estimated.
| Data domain | Source | Coverage for this report |
|---|---|---|
| Price & volume | market_db.historical_prices | 52 rows |
| Fundamentals | income_statements_annual | 6 rows · 2020 to 2025 |
| Reported vs consensus | fact/earnings_calendar | 24 rows · 2020-11-12 to 2026-08-13 |
| Analyst estimates | dim/forward_estimates | 3 rows · 2026-10-26 to 2028-10-26 |
| Institutional ownership (13F) | holdings_db.institutional_ownership_summary | 114 rows · 1998 to 2026 |
| Insider transactions (Form 4) | edgar/form4 | 12 rows · 2026-06-18 to 2026-10-02 |
| Proposed sales (Form 144) | edgar/form144 | 1 record |
| Beneficial ownership (13D/G) | edgar/13dg | 1 rows · 2026-03-26 |
| Short-sale volume (FINRA) | edgar/short_volume_daily | 60 rows · 2026-07-23 to 2026-10-15 |
| Dark pool (ATS, tier 1) | edgar/darkpool_weekly | 12 rows · 2026-06-15 to 2026-08-31 |
| ETF & fund holding | etf_holdings_changelog (30d) | 1 record |
| Peer set | stock_peers_dynamic | 8 rows |
| Industry medians | industry_medians | 1 record |
| Congressional trades | congress_db (House + Senate) | 1 record |
| ESG | fact/esg_disclosures | 1 record |
Method. Every figure in this factsheet is looked up from a named field computed in code. It contains no model-written text.
Not covered. Short interest as a percent of float and days-to-cover are not in this data set — the short-sale figures above are FINRA volume, a flow, and cannot support squeeze or covering analysis. Options positioning and intraday data are also absent. 13F ownership is filed 45 days after quarter end and congressional trades are disclosed on a lag, so both describe a past position, not a current one.