| Profitability | 70/100 |
| Growth | 47/100 |
| Momentum | 77/100 |
| Quality | 78/100 |
| Earnings Quality | 83/100 |
| Balance Sheet | 30/100 |
| Value | 54/100 |
| Risk (safety) | 15/100 |
| Overall | 42.8/100 |
| Symbol | IS Score |
|---|---|
| WTRG | 38 |
| RXN | 79 |
| AWR | 59 |
| CWT | 40 |
| FE | 36 |
| CNP | 42 |
| AWK | 43 |
These two disagree — business quality 43, price structure 70 out of 100, so the price reads better than the business does. We publish the disagreement rather than resolving it: they answer different questions, and the gap between them is information, not an error.
| Trigger | Where it stands now | What it would mean |
|---|---|---|
| IS Score reaches 55 and holds two consecutive quarters | now 42.8 | would move us up one band |
| IS Score stops falling - one quarter higher than the prior | last four: 46 → 39 → 40 → 43 | the direction matters more than the level |
| Technical vote share back above 50% | now 82% | price structure no longer broken |
| Institutional holder count rises two quarters running | peak 1,147 → now 1,135 | fewer institutions willing to hold is our clearest warning |
This page is InsiderStreet's own reading, produced from the data in the rest of this document. It is not a price target and not investment advice. Analyst consensus and street price targets appear later under their own heading and are the street's numbers, not ours.
| Quarter | Holders | 13F shares | Value | Reported own% | Guard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 Q2 | 1,135 | 205.0M | $26.5B | 104.6% | ex-outlier 94.1% |
| 2026 Q1 | 1,147 | 189.0M | $25.2B | 96.5% | |
| 2025 Q4 | 1,141 | 185.8M | $23.7B | 94.8% | |
| 2025 Q3 | 1,130 | 182.4M | $24.3B | 93.0% | |
| 2025 Q2 | 1,117 | 179.0M | $23.9B | 91.3% | |
| 2025 Q1 | 1,130 | 177.0M | $25.1B | 90.3% | |
| 2024 Q4 | 1,094 | 175.1M | $21.4B | 89.3% | |
| 2024 Q3 | 1,070 | 171.0M | $24.5B | 87.2% | |
| 2024 Q2 | 1,039 | 171.7M | $21.9B | 87.6% | |
| 2024 Q1 | 1,042 | 167.4M | $20.2B | 85.4% | |
| 2023 Q4 | 1,062 | 169.9M | $22.4B | 86.7% | |
| 2023 Q3 | 1,019 | 168.4M | $20.9B | 85.9% |
Why 2026-06 reads 104.61%. Institutions cannot hold more of a company than exists. The reported 205.0M shares exceed the 196.0M outstanding, and a single filer accounts for the excess: BlackRock, Inc. reports 20,612,348 shares against 19,513,998 the prior quarter, a 1x jump, which alone would be 10.5% of the company. Excluding that filing, ownership is 94.1%. We publish both figures. 13F filings are due 45 days after quarter end and amendments keep arriving after that, so the newest quarter is provisional by construction - this is what an unsettled quarter looks like.
| Insider | Role | Date | Type | Shares | Value | Post-Txn Owned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nathoo Raffiq | director | 2026-05-13 | A-Award | 1,374 | — | 2,536 |
| Mcguigan Stuart M | director | 2026-05-13 | A-Award | 1,374 | — | 3,340 |
| Marberry Michael | director | 2026-05-13 | A-Award | 1,374 | — | 11,395 |
| Kurz Karl F | director | 2026-05-13 | A-Award | 2,159 | — | 22,758 |
| Kampling Patricia L | director | 2026-05-13 | A-Award | 1,374 | — | 9,028 |
| Johnson Julia L | director | 2026-05-13 | A-Award | 1,374 | — | 32,052 |
| Havanec Laurie P. | director | 2026-05-13 | A-Award | 1,374 | — | 5,369 |
| Grow Lisa A | director | 2026-05-13 | A-Award | 1,374 | — | 2,242 |
| 6-mo decomposition (Form 4) | Txns | Shares | Value | Signal weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P — Open-market purchases | 0 | 0 | $0 | Counted — none occurred |
| Filed | Filer | Shares registered | Est. proceeds |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-11-22 | Norton Cheryl | 4,647 | $0.6M |
| 2024-09-03 | Martha Clark Goss | 710 | $0.1M |
| 2024-03-04 | Kennedy Melanie M | 843 | $0.1M |
| Trailing 12 mo | 0 filings | — | $0M |
| Filed | Form | Reporting person | % of class | Shares |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-13 | SCHEDULE 13G/A | Wellington Management Company LLP | 7.50% | 14.9M sh |
| 2026-03-26 | SCHEDULE 13G/A | The Vanguard Group | — | exit/reporting change |
| 2025-01-08 | SCHEDULE 13G | BlackRock, Inc. | 10.10% | 19.8M sh |
| Member | Chamber | Trade | Size band | Traded | Disclosed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rich McCormick | House | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-07-30 | 2026-08-17 |
| Rich McCormick | House | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-07-30 | 2026-08-17 |
| Rick Larsen | House | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-04-07 | 2026-04-16 |
| Tommy Tuberville | Senate | SELL | $15,001 - $50,000 | 2026-06-08 | 2026-07-16 |
| Thomas Hawley Tuberville | Senate | SELL | $15,001 - $50,000 | 2026-06-08 | 2026-07-16 |
| Tommy Tuberville | Senate | SELL | $15,001 - $50,000 | 2022-01-14 | 2022-02-14 |
| Manager | Shares | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Confluence Investment Management L | 745,410 | $97M |
| Vontobel Holding Ltd. | 528,530 | $68M |
| Asr Vermogensbeheer N.V. | 344,666 | $45M |
| Perpetual Ltd | 320,469 | $41M |
| Dudley & Shanley, Inc. | 160,550 | $21M |
| Boston Common Asset Management, Ll | 134,519 | $17M |
| Fund | Weight | Position |
|---|---|---|
| VITSX | 0.0% | $816M |
| VTI | 0.0% | $816M |
| VTSAX | 0.0% | $816M |
| VSMPX | 0.0% | $816M |
| VOO | 0.0% | $676M |
| VFFSX | 0.0% | $676M |
| ATS Venue (4-wk) | Shares | Avg trade |
|---|---|---|
| Incr Intelligent Cross Llc | 1.9M | 35 sh |
| Ubsa Ubs Ats | 1.5M | 36 sh |
| Sgmt Sigma X2 | 1.0M | 32 sh |
| Ebxl Level Ats | 1.0M | 20 sh |
| Mlix Instinct X | 0.8M | 35 sh |
| Mstx Ms Trajectory Cross (Ats-1) | 0.7M | 26 sh |
| Region | Revenue | Share |
|---|---|---|
| ILLINOIS | $105M | 42% |
| MISSOURI | $63M | 25% |
| KENTUCKY | $18M | 7% |
| CALIFORNIA | $17M | 7% |
| INDIANA | $17M | 7% |
| VIRGINIA | $15M | 6% |
| IOWA | $13M | 5% |
| HAWAII | $1M | 0% |
| TENNESSEE | $1M | 0% |
Moat score 57/100 — Narrow; primary source Efficient Scale.
| Officer | Title |
|---|---|
| John C. Griffith | Chief Executive Officer, President & Director |
| Cheryl D. Norton | Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer |
| David Bowler | Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer |
| Stacy A. Mitchell | Executive Vice President & General Counsel |
| Period | EPS est. | EPS actual | EPS surprise | Rev est. ($M) | Rev actual ($M) | Rev surprise |
|---|
| YoY growth | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | +4.1% | -3.5% | +11.7% | +10.6% | +9.7% |
| Gross profit | -0.1% | +2.3% | +14.1% | +12.4% | -21.2% |
| Operating income | -4.2% | +6.4% | +18.1% | +14.2% | +9.4% |
| Net income | +78.1% | -35.1% | +15.1% | +11.3% | +5.7% |
| $B · FY ends | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 5.1 | |
| Cost of revenue | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.9 | |
| Gross profit | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.2 | |
| R&D expense | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| SG&A expense | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Operating income | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.9 | |
| EBITDA | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 | |
| D&A | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
| Pretax income | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Income tax | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Net income | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Diluted EPS ($) | 6.94 | 4.51 | 4.89 | 5.39 | 5.70 | |
| Diluted shares (M) | 182 | 182 | 193 | 195 | 195 |
| $B | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash & equivalents | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| ST investments | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Receivables (net) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.6 | |
| Total current assets | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 2.2 | |
| PP&E (net) | 23.3 | 25.5 | 28.1 | 0.0 | |
| Goodwill + intangibles | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
| Total assets | 27.8 | 30.3 | 32.8 | 36.5 | |
| Accounts payable | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |
| Short-term debt | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 3.1 | |
| Deferred revenue | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Total current liabilities | 2.8 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 4.7 | |
| Long-term debt | 10.9 | 11.7 | 12.5 | 12.9 | |
| Total liabilities | 20.1 | 20.5 | 22.5 | 25.7 | |
| Shareholders' equity | 7.7 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 10.8 |
| $B | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net income | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| D&A | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
| Stock-based compensation | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Working capital change | (0.4) | 0.0 | (0.0) | (0.1) | |
| Operating cash flow | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | |
| Capital expenditures | (2.4) | (2.7) | (2.9) | (3.1) | |
| Investing cash flow | (2.1) | (2.8) | (3.4) | (3.3) | |
| Buybacks | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Dividends paid | (0.5) | (0.5) | (0.6) | (0.6) | |
| Debt issuance / (repay) | 1.4 | (0.0) | 1.6 | 1.8 | |
| Financing cash flow | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
| Free cash flow | (1.3) | (0.9) | (0.8) | (1.1) |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PROFITABILITY | |||||||
| ROE | 18.4% | 10.9% | 10.8% | 10.4% | 10.5% | 10% | |
| ROA | 5.0% | 3.0% | 3.3% | 3.3% | 3.2% | 3.1% | |
| ROIC | 5.0% | 5.2% | 5.4% | 5.5% | 5.5% | 4.4% | |
| Gross margin | 54.8% | 58.1% | 59.4% | 60.3% | 43.3% | 47.2% | |
| Operating margin | 30.4% | 33.6% | 35.5% | 36.7% | 36.6% | 36.9% | |
| Net margin | 32.1% | 21.6% | 22.3% | 22.4% | 21.6% | 21.3% | |
| EBITDA margin | 48.6% | 52.7% | 55.7% | 57.0% | 53.9% | 54.2% | |
| FCF margin | -11.0% | -34.6% | -20.3% | -19.0% | -20.8% | — | |
| VALUATION | |||||||
| P/E | 25.03 | 31.65 | 26.02 | 22.54 | 22.91 | 23.3 | |
| P/B | 4.33 | 3.37 | 2.51 | 2.29 | 2.35 | 2.3 | |
| P/S | 8.04 | 6.84 | 5.80 | 5.06 | 4.95 | 5.08 | |
| P/FCF | -73.17 | -19.78 | -28.56 | -26.62 | -23.85 | -26.0 | |
| EV/EBITDA | 22.28 | 18.46 | 15.54 | 14.45 | 14.85 | 14.9 | |
| EV/Revenue | 10.83 | 10.11 | 8.66 | 8.03 | 8.01 | 8.1 | |
| Earnings yield | 4.0% | 3.2% | 3.8% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.26% | |
| FCF yield | -1.4% | -5.1% | -3.5% | -3.8% | -4.2% | -3.84% | |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEVERAGE & SOLVENCY | |||||||
| Current ratio | 0.73 | 0.44 | 0.65 | 0.39 | 0.46 | 0.52 | |
| Quick ratio | 0.70 | 0.41 | 0.59 | 0.35 | 0.46 | 0.49 | |
| Debt / equity | 1.52 | 1.62 | 1.27 | 1.37 | 1.47 | 1.38 | |
| Debt / assets | 42.4% | 44.8% | 41.1% | 43.0% | 43.6% | 44.1% | |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 5.73 | 5.96 | 5.13 | 5.35 | 5.68 | 5.54 | |
| Interest coverage | 3.16 | 3.30 | 3.60 | 3.47 | 3.06 | — | |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFFICIENCY | |||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | |
| Receivables turnover | 9.85 | 12.54 | 12.58 | 12.41 | 8.26 | 9.5 | |
| DSO (days) | 37 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 44 | 38 | |
| DPO (days) | 44 | 56 | 58 | 63 | 45 | 43 | |
| Cash conversion cycle | 4 | -9 | -7 | -12 | 5 | 10 | |
| GROWTH (YoY) | |||||||
| Revenue growth | 4.1% | -3.5% | 11.7% | 10.6% | 9.7% | — | |
| Net income growth | 78.1% | -35.1% | 15.1% | 11.3% | 5.7% | — | |
| EPS growth | 77.2% | -35.1% | 7.4% | 11.3% | 5.7% | — | |
| FCF growth | 13.9% | -203.7% | 34.5% | -3.5% | -19.9% | — | |
| PER SHARE ($) | |||||||
| EPS (diluted, TTM) | 6.94 | 4.51 | 4.84 | 5.39 | 5.70 | 5.76 | |
| Book value / share | 40.10 | 42.27 | 50.24 | 52.98 | 55.57 | 59.52 | |
| Revenue / share | 21.59 | 20.84 | 21.71 | 24.02 | 26.36 | 26.96 | |
| FCF / share | -2.37 | -7.21 | -4.41 | -4.56 | -5.47 | -5.26 | |
| Cash / share | 0.64 | 0.47 | 1.69 | 1.01 | 0.89 | 0.97 | |
| SHAREHOLDER RETURN & SCORES | |||||||
| Buyback yield | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | — | |
| Altman Z-Score | 1.34 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 1.0 | |
| Piotroski F-Score | 7 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6/9 | |
| Beneish M-Score | -2.52 | -2.24 | -2.49 | -2.54 | -1.10 | -3.12 | |
| Model | Score | Zone | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piotroski F-Score | 6 / 9 | Middling | |
| Altman Z-Score | 1.0 | Distress (<1.81) | Distress |
| Income quality | 2.07 | Cash-backed | OCF ÷ net income |
| Beneish M-Score | -3.12 | Non-manipulator | vs −2.22 threshold |
| DuPont Decomposition (TTM) | Value |
|---|---|
| Tax burden | 0.78 |
| Interest burden | 0.75 |
| Operating margin | 36.6% |
| Asset turnover | 0.15× |
| Financial leverage | 3.15× |
| = ROE | 10% |
| Growth Quality (live) | Value |
|---|---|
| Revenue stability | 0.89 |
| Earnings stability | 0.13 |
| Earnings persistence | 0.98 |
| Revenue CAGR 3y | 9.3% |
| EPS CAGR 3y | 7.9% |
| FCF CAGR 3y | — |
| Company | Mkt cap | P/E | ROE | Net margin | Rev growth | Piotroski | 1-yr ret |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WTRG | $11.6B | 20.8 | 8% | 19.9% | +9.9% | 6/9 | -0.3% |
| RXN | $11.4B | 39.8 | 17% | 23.1% | +19.3% | 9/9 | — |
| AWR | $3.3B | 22.8 | 14% | 23.9% | +13.2% | 6/9 | +11.6% |
| CWT | $2.9B | 20.8 | 8% | 18.3% | +6.4% | 7/9 | -3.6% |
| FE | $26.7B | 24.6 | 8% | 7.9% | +12.6% | 4/9 | -0.3% |
| CNP | $26.7B | 23.9 | 10% | 11.3% | +7.1% | 7/9 | — |
| DTE | $27.0B | 20.4 | 11% | 8.5% | +14.4% | 4/9 | — |
| PPL | $26.5B | 27.6 | 9% | 10.9% | +6.7% | 6/9 | — |
| Consensus estimates | Revenue mean | High / Low | EPS mean | High / Low | # EPS est. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2026 | $5.40B | $5.52B / $5.26B | $6.09 | $6.11 / $6.06 | 10 |
| FY2027 | $5.80B | $5.93B / $5.64B | $6.59 | $6.81 / $6.48 | 9 |
| FY2028 | $6.17B | $6.77B / $5.82B | $7.15 | $7.40 / $7.02 | 9 |
| Window | Avg Target | vs. Price | # Targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| Last Month | $153.00 | +13.4% | 1 |
| Last Quarter | $151.33 | +12.1% | 3 |
| Last Year | $139.86 | +3.6% | 14 |
| All Time | $144.55 | +7.1% | 29 |
| Moving Average | Value | Distance | % Distance | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMA 20 | $130.46 | +4.48 | +3.43% | Above |
| SMA 50 | $134.75 | +0.19 | +0.14% | Above |
| SMA 200 | $131.67 | +3.27 | +2.48% | Above |
| EMA 9 | $131.36 | +3.58 | +2.73% | Above |
| EMA 21 | $131.66 | +3.28 | +2.49% | Above |
| EMA 50 | $132.94 | +2.00 | +1.50% | Above |
| EMA 200 | $132.72 | +2.22 | +1.67% | Above |
| Level | Value | Level | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pivot / R1 / R2 | $133.73 / $134.92 / $136.81 | S1 / S2 | $131.84 / $130.65 |
| Bollinger (20,2) | $125.95 – $134.98 | Squeeze | Off |
| 52-wk range | $120.46 – $144.71 | Off 52-wk high | -6.7% |
| ATR (14) | $2.61 (1.9%) | Historical vol | 16.8% |
| Computed from live weekly prices | AWK | S&P 500 |
|---|---|---|
| Weekly volatility (σ, 1y) | 2.81% | 1.83% |
| Best / worst week (1y) | +6.2% / -11.1% | — |
| Max drawdown (5y, monthly) | -34.8% | — |
| 1-week VaR (95%) | -4.6% | — |
| Beta (5y) | 0.58 | 1.00 |
| Reading | AWK | Regulated Water n=100 | Utilities n=1,247 | All US symbols n=70,435 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | +0.5 | -16.3 | -13.6 | -20.5 |
| Trend | -10.6 | -23.0 | -17.2 | -21.3 |
| Momentum | +38.6 | -7.8 | -4.2 | -15.8 |
| Volume | +24.4 | +0.0 | +0.0 | -3.8 |
| Executive | Total comp | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| John C. Griffith President and Chief Executi | $7.1M | 81% equity+incentive |
| Cheryl Norton Executive Vice President and C | $6.3M | 43% equity+incentive |
| M. Susan Hardwick Former Chief Executive Off | $6.3M | 76% equity+incentive |
| David M. Bowler Executive Vice President and | $2.7M | 72% equity+incentive |
| Stacy A. Mitchell Executive Vice President a | $2.2M | 69% equity+incentive |
| Pillar (live disclosure scores) | Score |
|---|---|
| Environmental | 65 |
| Social | 73 |
| Governance | 75 |
| Composite ESG | 71 |
| Filed | 8-K contents | Items |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-17 | Other Events | 8.01 |
| 2026-09-16 | Other Events; Exhibits | 8.01,9.01 |
| 2026-09-09 | Other Events; Exhibits | 8.01,9.01 |
| 2026-08-31 | Regulation FD | 7.01 |
| 2026-07-29 | Earnings Release; Exhibits | 2.02,9.01 |
| 2026-07-16 | Regulation FD; Exhibits | 7.01,9.01 |
| 2026-07-06 | Other Events; Exhibits | 8.01,9.01 |
| 2026-07-01 | Other Events; Exhibits | 8.01,9.01 |
Methodology. Every figure originates in InsiderStreet's production data layer and is computed deterministically by the same engines that power insiderstreet.ai. This factsheet contains no model-written text. Sections without underlying data are omitted rather than estimated.
| Data domain | Source | Coverage for this report |
|---|---|---|
| Price & volume | market_db.historical_prices | 52 rows |
| Fundamentals | income_statements_annual | 6 rows · 2020 to 2025 |
| Reported vs consensus | fact/earnings_calendar | 24 rows · 2020-11-04 to 2026-07-29 |
| Analyst estimates | dim/forward_estimates | 3 rows · 2026-12-31 to 2028-12-31 |
| Institutional ownership (13F) | holdings_db.institutional_ownership_summary | 74 rows · 2008 to 2026 |
| Insider transactions (Form 4) | edgar/form4 | 9 rows · 2026-05-13 |
| Proposed sales (Form 144) | edgar/form144 | 1 record |
| Beneficial ownership (13D/G) | edgar/13dg | 3 rows · 2025-01-08 to 2026-08-13 |
| Short-sale volume (FINRA) | edgar/short_volume_daily | 60 rows · 2026-07-23 to 2026-10-15 |
| Dark pool (ATS, tier 1) | edgar/darkpool_weekly | 12 rows · 2026-06-15 to 2026-08-31 |
| ETF & fund holding | etf_holdings_changelog (30d) | 1 record |
| Peer set | stock_peers_dynamic | 8 rows |
| Industry medians | industry_medians | 1 record |
| Congressional trades | congress_db (House + Senate) | 1 record |
| ESG | fact/esg_disclosures | 1 record |
Method. Every figure in this factsheet is looked up from a named field computed in code. It contains no model-written text.
Not covered. Short interest as a percent of float and days-to-cover are not in this data set — the short-sale figures above are FINRA volume, a flow, and cannot support squeeze or covering analysis. Options positioning and intraday data are also absent. 13F ownership is filed 45 days after quarter end and congressional trades are disclosed on a lag, so both describe a past position, not a current one.