| Profitability | 38/100 |
| Growth | 30/100 |
| Momentum | 62/100 |
| Quality | 69/100 |
| Earnings Quality | 67/100 |
| Balance Sheet | 68/100 |
| Value | 66/100 |
| Risk (safety) | 80/100 |
| Overall | 51.2/100 |
| Symbol | IS Score |
|---|---|
| FTI | 74 |
| TS | 63 |
| BKR | 55 |
| SLB | 51 |
| NOV | 38 |
| WFRD | 49 |
| HAL | 51 |
Both readings sit above the midpoint — business quality at 51 and price structure at 54 out of 100 — so they are not in conflict. The fundamentals and the tape are saying the same thing, which is the case in which either one alone would have been enough.
| Trigger | Where it stands now | What it would mean |
|---|---|---|
| IS Score reaches 55 and holds two consecutive quarters | now 51.2 | would move us up one band |
| IS Score stops falling - one quarter higher than the prior | last four: 45 → 46 → 47 → 51 | the direction matters more than the level |
| Technical vote share back above 50% | now 55% | price structure no longer broken |
| Institutional holder count rises two quarters running | peak 1,211 → now 1,211 | fewer institutions willing to hold is our clearest warning |
This page is InsiderStreet's own reading, produced from the data in the rest of this document. It is not a price target and not investment advice. Analyst consensus and street price targets appear later under their own heading and are the street's numbers, not ours.
| Quarter | Holders | 13F shares | Value | Reported own% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 Q2 | 1,211 | 741.3M | $24.5B | 88.7% |
| 2026 Q1 | 1,203 | 722.6M | $28.7B | 86.4% |
| 2025 Q4 | 1,015 | 729.6M | $20.7B | 87.3% |
| 2025 Q3 | 921 | 743.3M | $18.1B | 88.9% |
| 2025 Q2 | 908 | 740.4M | $15.0B | 88.6% |
| 2025 Q1 | 959 | 720.5M | $18.5B | 86.2% |
| 2024 Q4 | 962 | 737.2M | $19.8B | 88.2% |
| 2024 Q3 | 929 | 742.0M | $21.3B | 88.8% |
| 2024 Q2 | 980 | 777.9M | $24.8B | 93.1% |
| 2024 Q1 | 996 | 767.3M | $27.7B | 91.8% |
| 2023 Q4 | 1,009 | 758.7M | $25.9B | 90.8% |
| 2023 Q3 | 961 | 757.4M | $29.5B | 90.6% |
| Insider | Role | Date | Type | Shares | Value | Post-Txn Owned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smith Maurice S | director | 2026-09-30 | A-Award | 1,162 | — | 16,010 |
| Carre Eric | EVP & Chief Financial Officer | 2026-08-31 | SELL | 24,777 | $0.93M | 124,105 |
| Slocum Jeffrey Shannon | director, Director, EVP and COO | 2026-08-19 | SELL | 52,572 | $1.84M | 118,730 |
| Slocum Jeffrey Shannon | director, Director, EVP and COO | 2026-08-18 | SELL | 16,121 | $0.57M | 171,302 |
| Miller Jeffrey Allen | director, Director, President & CEO | 2026-08-18 | SELL | 124,483 | $4.36M | 889,389 |
| Smith Maurice S | director | 2026-06-30 | A-Award | 1,080 | — | 14,848 |
| Carre Eric | EVP & Chief Financial Officer | 2026-06-18 | SELL | 24,778 | $0.89M | 148,520 |
| Beckwith Van H. | EVP, Secretary and CLO | 2026-05-15 | SELL | 198,349 | $8.19M | 146,186 |
| 6-mo decomposition (Form 4) | Txns | Shares | Value | Signal weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S — Open-market sales | 15 | 663,568 | $25.6M | Counted |
| F — Tax withholding | 8 | 91,048 | $3.3M | None — compensation |
| P — Open-market purchases | 0 | 0 | $0 | Counted — none occurred |
| Filed | Filer | Shares registered | Est. proceeds |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-31 | Carre Eric | 24,777 | $0.9M |
| 2026-08-19 | Slocum Jeffrey Shannon | 52,572 | $1.8M |
| 2026-08-18 | Miller Jeffrey Allen | 124,483 | $4.4M |
| 2026-06-18 | Carre Eric | 24,778 | $0.9M |
| Trailing 12 mo | 21 filings | 1,211,378 | $43M |
| Filed | Form | Reporting person | % of class | Shares |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07-06 | SCHEDULE 13G/A | Capital Research Global Investors | 1.00% | 8.7M sh |
| 2026-04-30 | SCHEDULE 13G | Vanguard Capital Management | 7.17% | 60.1M sh |
| 2026-04-06 | SCHEDULE 13G/A | Capital Research Global Investors | 6.70% | 56.4M sh |
| 2026-03-27 | SCHEDULE 13G/A | The Vanguard Group | — | exit/reporting change |
| Member | Chamber | Trade | Size band | Traded | Disclosed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gilbert Cisneros | House | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-01-09 | 2026-02-16 |
| Gilbert Cisneros | House | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-01-09 | 2026-02-13 |
| Gilbert Ray Cisneros | House | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-01-08 | 2026-02-13 |
| Jerry Moran | Senate | SELL | $15,001 - $50,000 | 2023-12-14 | 2024-01-17 |
| Jerry Moran | Senate | SELL | $15,001 - $50,000 | 2023-12-14 | 2024-01-16 |
| Thomas R. Carper | Senate | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2020-11-20 | 2021-05-17 |
| Manager | Shares | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Assenagon Asset Management S.A. | 2.3M | $75M |
| Perpetual Ltd | 1.2M | $39M |
| Asr Vermogensbeheer N.V. | 548,202 | $17M |
| Y-Intercept | 418,977 | $13M |
| Wedge Capital Management L L P/Nc | 387,433 | $12M |
| Wealth Enhancement Advisory Servic | 321,888 | $9M |
| Fund | Weight | Position |
|---|---|---|
| VITSX | 0.0% | $757M |
| VSMPX | 0.0% | $757M |
| VTI | 0.0% | $757M |
| VTSAX | 0.0% | $757M |
| VFIAX | 0.0% | $696M |
| VFINX | 0.0% | $696M |
| ATS Venue (4-wk) | Shares | Avg trade |
|---|---|---|
| Incr Intelligent Cross Llc | 11.1M | 94 sh |
| Ebxl Level Ats | 8.4M | 58 sh |
| Ubsa Ubs Ats | 7.6M | 74 sh |
| Mstx Ms Trajectory Cross (Ats-1) | 5.2M | 108 sh |
| Bids Bids Ats | 4.2M | 525 sh |
| Pure Purestream | 4.1M | 51 sh |
| Region | Revenue | Share |
|---|---|---|
| North America | $9.1B | 41% |
| Middle East/Asia | $5.8B | 26% |
| Latin America | $3.9B | 18% |
| Europe/Africa/CIS | $3.4B | 15% |
Moat score 45/100 — Weak; primary source Efficient Scale.
| Officer | Title |
|---|---|
| Jeffrey Allen Miller | Chairman of the Board, President & Chief Executive Officer |
| Jeffrey Shannon Slocum | Executive VP, COO & Director |
| Lawrence J. Pope | Executive VP & Chief Administrative Officer |
| Eric J. Carre | Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer |
| Period | EPS est. | EPS actual | EPS surprise | Rev est. ($M) | Rev actual ($M) | Rev surprise |
|---|
| YoY growth | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | +5.9% | +32.7% | +13.4% | -0.3% | -3.3% |
| Gross profit | +30.5% | +64.3% | +31.6% | -1.4% | -18.7% |
| Operating income | -173.9% | +50.4% | +50.8% | -6.4% | -30.6% |
| Net income | -149.5% | +7.9% | +67.8% | -5.2% | -48.7% |
| $B · FY ends | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 15.3 | 20.3 | 23.0 | 22.9 | 22.2 | |
| Cost of revenue | 13.3 | 17.0 | 18.7 | 18.6 | 18.7 | |
| Gross profit | 2.0 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 3.5 | |
| R&D expense | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| SG&A expense | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Operating income | 1.8 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 2.7 | |
| EBITDA | 2.7 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 3.0 | |
| D&A | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 | |
| Pretax income | 1.3 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 1.8 | |
| Income tax | -0.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | |
| Net income | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 1.3 | |
| Diluted EPS ($) | 1.63 | 1.73 | 2.92 | 2.83 | 1.50 | |
| Diluted shares (M) | 892 | 908 | 902 | 883 | 840 |
| $B | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash & equivalents | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.2 | |
| ST investments | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Receivables (net) | 4.6 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.9 | |
| Total current assets | 11.0 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 11.4 | |
| PP&E (net) | 5.3 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.3 | |
| Goodwill + intangibles | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | |
| Total assets | 23.3 | 24.7 | 25.6 | 25.0 | |
| Accounts payable | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 | |
| Short-term debt | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | |
| Deferred revenue | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Total current liabilities | 5.3 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 5.6 | |
| Long-term debt | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 7.2 | |
| Total liabilities | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 14.5 | |
| Shareholders' equity | 8.0 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 |
| $B | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net income | 1.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.3 | |
| D&A | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Stock-based compensation | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Working capital change | (0.9) | (0.5) | (0.1) | (0.3) | |
| Operating cash flow | 2.2 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 2.9 | |
| Capital expenditures | (1.0) | (1.4) | (1.4) | (1.3) | |
| Investing cash flow | (1.0) | (1.7) | (1.7) | (1.3) | |
| Buybacks | (0.2) | (0.8) | (1.0) | (1.0) | |
| Dividends paid | (0.4) | (0.6) | (0.6) | (0.6) | |
| Debt issuance / (repay) | (1.2) | (0.3) | (0.1) | (0.4) | |
| Financing cash flow | (1.8) | (1.7) | (1.7) | (2.0) | |
| Free cash flow | 1.2 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 1.7 |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PROFITABILITY | |||||||
| ROE | 24.9% | 21.4% | 30.4% | 25.1% | 12.2% | 15% | |
| ROA | 6.8% | 6.9% | 11.0% | 10.0% | 5.1% | 6.2% | |
| ROIC | 15.2% | 14.1% | 20.3% | 17.8% | 11.8% | 9.7% | |
| Gross margin | 13.2% | 16.3% | 18.9% | 18.7% | 15.8% | 15.1% | |
| Operating margin | 11.8% | 13.3% | 17.7% | 16.7% | 12.0% | 11.4% | |
| Net margin | 9.5% | 7.7% | 11.5% | 10.9% | 5.8% | 7.2% | |
| EBITDA margin | 17.6% | 17.5% | 21.5% | 20.8% | 13.7% | 18.5% | |
| FCF margin | 7.3% | 6.1% | 9.0% | 10.6% | 7.5% | — | |
| VALUATION | |||||||
| P/E | 12.96 | 21.28 | 11.69 | 9.32 | 18.50 | 17.5 | |
| P/B | 2.81 | 4.21 | 3.28 | 2.22 | 2.27 | 2.5 | |
| P/S | 1.23 | 1.65 | 1.34 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.25 | |
| P/FCF | 16.98 | 27.17 | 14.83 | 9.62 | 14.20 | 16.2 | |
| EV/EBITDA | 9.70 | 11.31 | 7.57 | 6.19 | 8.66 | 8.2 | |
| EV/Revenue | 1.70 | 1.97 | 1.62 | 1.28 | 1.34 | 1.5 | |
| Earnings yield | 7.7% | 4.7% | 8.6% | 10.7% | 5.4% | 5.72% | |
| FCF yield | 5.9% | 3.7% | 6.7% | 10.4% | 7.0% | 6.18% | |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEVERAGE & SOLVENCY | |||||||
| Current ratio | 2.31 | 2.05 | 2.06 | 2.05 | 2.04 | 2.02 | |
| Quick ratio | 1.76 | 1.50 | 1.48 | 1.54 | 1.51 | 1.50 | |
| Debt / equity | 1.52 | 1.13 | 0.94 | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.74 | |
| Debt / assets | 45.8% | 38.5% | 35.7% | 34.3% | 32.5% | 31.7% | |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 2.67 | 1.86 | 1.33 | 1.29 | 1.73 | 1.48 | |
| Interest coverage | 3.37 | 5.29 | 5.88 | 8.19 | 6.50 | — | |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFFICIENCY | |||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.71 | 0.89 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.87 | |
| Receivables turnover | 4.54 | 4.89 | 4.85 | 4.60 | 4.41 | 4.2 | |
| DSO (days) | 80 | 75 | 75 | 79 | 83 | 87 | |
| DPO (days) | 54 | 59 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 66 | |
| Cash conversion cycle | 91 | 73 | 74 | 79 | 80 | 79 | |
| GROWTH (YoY) | |||||||
| Revenue growth | 5.9% | 32.7% | 13.4% | -0.3% | -3.3% | — | |
| Net income growth | 149.5% | 7.9% | 67.8% | -5.2% | -48.7% | — | |
| EPS growth | 148.9% | 6.2% | 70.2% | -3.7% | -46.1% | — | |
| FCF growth | -3.6% | 10.7% | 68.9% | 16.5% | -31.0% | — | |
| PER SHARE ($) | |||||||
| EPS (diluted, TTM) | 1.63 | 1.73 | 2.94 | 2.83 | 1.53 | 1.92 | |
| Book value / share | 7.49 | 8.73 | 10.47 | 11.90 | 12.45 | 13.22 | |
| Revenue / share | 17.07 | 22.30 | 25.66 | 25.98 | 26.41 | 26.76 | |
| FCF / share | 1.24 | 1.35 | 2.32 | 2.74 | 1.99 | 2.06 | |
| Cash / share | 3.40 | 2.58 | 2.52 | 2.96 | 2.63 | 2.45 | |
| SHAREHOLDER RETURN & SCORES | |||||||
| Buyback yield | 0.0% | 0.1% | 2.2% | 4.3% | 4.2% | 2.84% | |
| Altman Z-Score | 2.59 | 3.48 | 3.67 | 3.38 | 3.29 | 3.5 | |
| Piotroski F-Score | 8 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 8/9 | |
| Beneish M-Score | -2.40 | -2.47 | -2.61 | -2.65 | -2.68 | -2.62 | |
| Model | Score | Zone | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piotroski F-Score | 8 / 9 | Strong | |
| Altman Z-Score | 3.5 | Safe (>2.99) | Safe |
| Income quality | 1.71 | Cash-backed | OCF ÷ net income |
| Beneish M-Score | -2.62 | Non-manipulator | vs −2.22 threshold |
| DuPont Decomposition (TTM) | Value |
|---|---|
| Tax burden | 0.77 |
| Interest burden | 0.81 |
| Operating margin | 11.5% |
| Asset turnover | 0.87× |
| Financial leverage | 2.38× |
| = ROE | 15% |
| Growth Quality (live) | Value |
|---|---|
| Revenue stability | 0.63 |
| Earnings stability | 0.27 |
| Earnings persistence | 0.94 |
| Revenue CAGR 3y | -0.1% |
| EPS CAGR 3y | -11.1% |
| FCF CAGR 3y | -3.5% |
| Company | Mkt cap | P/E | ROE | Net margin | Rev growth | Piotroski | 1-yr ret |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FTI | $27.3B | 23.8 | 36% | 13.1% | +9.5% | 8/9 | +95.4% |
| TS | $31.9B | 15.8 | 11% | 16.1% | +2.3% | 7/9 | +75.4% |
| BKR | $55.3B | 17.7 | 16% | 10.1% | +0.4% | 5/9 | +25.4% |
| SLB | $73.5B | 23.8 | 13% | 8.8% | +2.5% | 5/9 | +51.5% |
| NOV | $6.7B | 72.8 | 2% | 5.2% | -1.7% | 5/9 | — |
| WFRD | $5.4B | 14.9 | 22% | 3.5% | -7.2% | 7/9 | — |
| AROC | $5.2B | 15.9 | 22% | 18.0% | +11.5% | 8/9 | — |
| KGS | $4.8B | 53.6 | 5% | 13.3% | +8.2% | 5/9 | — |
| Consensus estimates | Revenue mean | High / Low | EPS mean | High / Low | # EPS est. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2026 | $22.35B | $22.67B / $22.16B | $2.34 | $2.52 / $2.27 | 15 |
| FY2027 | $23.56B | $23.80B / $23.23B | $2.88 | $3.01 / $2.65 | 16 |
| FY2028 | $24.64B | $26.14B / $22.59B | $3.41 | $3.92 / $3.03 | 10 |
| Window | Avg Target | vs. Price | # Targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| Last Quarter | $42.33 | +26.4% | 6 |
| Last Year | $36.39 | +8.6% | 41 |
| All Time | $36.95 | +10.3% | 79 |
| Moving Average | Value | Distance | % Distance | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMA 20 | $32.56 | +0.94 | +2.89% | Above |
| SMA 50 | $34.08 | -0.58 | -1.70% | Below |
| SMA 200 | $35.62 | -2.12 | -5.95% | Below |
| EMA 9 | $32.83 | +0.67 | +2.04% | Above |
| EMA 21 | $33.02 | +0.48 | +1.45% | Above |
| EMA 50 | $33.73 | -0.23 | -0.68% | Below |
| EMA 200 | $33.79 | -0.29 | -0.86% | Below |
| Level | Value | Level | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pivot / R1 / R2 | $32.63 / $33.25 / $33.61 | S1 / S2 | $32.27 / $31.65 |
| Bollinger (20,2) | $31.51 – $33.62 | Squeeze | ON |
| 52-wk range | $21.32 – $43.40 | Off 52-wk high | -22.8% |
| ATR (14) | $0.85 (2.5%) | Historical vol | 23.4% |
| Computed from live weekly prices | HAL | S&P 500 |
|---|---|---|
| Weekly volatility (σ, 1y) | 5.47% | 1.83% |
| Best / worst week (1y) | +24.8% / -8.0% | — |
| Max drawdown (5y, monthly) | -79.2% | — |
| 1-week VaR (95%) | -6.0% | — |
| Beta (5y) | 0.77 | 1.00 |
| Reading | HAL | Oil & Gas Equipment & Services n=269 | Energy n=2,022 | All US symbols n=70,435 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | -1.7 | -22.0 | -13.8 | -20.5 |
| Trend | -41.0 | -29.3 | -8.3 | -21.3 |
| Momentum | +40.1 | -16.2 | -8.5 | -15.8 |
| Volume | +31.3 | -30.7 | -25.0 | -3.8 |
| Executive | Total comp | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| Jeffrey A. Miller Chairman of the Board, Pre | $16.5M | 84% equity+incentive |
| Mark J. Richard Special Advisor to CEO | $6.8M | 69% equity+incentive |
| J. Shannon Slocum Director, Executive Vice P | $6.5M | 52% equity+incentive |
| Eric J. Carre Executive Vice President and C | $5.5M | 75% equity+incentive |
| Van H. Beckwith Executive Vice President, Se | $5.2M | 75% equity+incentive |
| Pillar (live disclosure scores) | Score |
|---|---|
| Environmental | 49 |
| Social | 66 |
| Governance | 64 |
| Composite ESG | 60 |
| Filed | 8-K contents | Items |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-15 | Officer/Director Change; Regulation FD; Exhibits | 5.02,7.01,9.01 |
| 2026-09-16 | Other Events | 8.01 |
| 2026-07-21 | Earnings Release; Regulation FD; Exhibits | 2.02,7.01,9.01 |
| 2026-06-29 | Other Events | 8.01 |
| 2026-05-20 | Shareholder Vote | 5.07 |
| 2026-04-21 | Earnings Release; Regulation FD; Exhibits | 2.02,7.01,9.01 |
| 2026-02-11 | Departure/Election of Directors; Appointment of Officers | 5.02 |
| 2026-01-21 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition; Regulation FD Disclosur | 2.02,7.01,9.01 |
Methodology. Every figure originates in InsiderStreet's production data layer and is computed deterministically by the same engines that power insiderstreet.ai. This factsheet contains no model-written text. Sections without underlying data are omitted rather than estimated.
| Data domain | Source | Coverage for this report |
|---|---|---|
| Price & volume | market_db.historical_prices | 52 rows |
| Fundamentals | income_statements_annual | 6 rows · 2020 to 2025 |
| Reported vs consensus | fact/earnings_calendar | 24 rows · 2020-07-20 to 2026-04-21 |
| Analyst estimates | dim/forward_estimates | 3 rows · 2026-12-31 to 2028-12-31 |
| Institutional ownership (13F) | holdings_db.institutional_ownership_summary | 116 rows · 1997 to 2026 |
| Insider transactions (Form 4) | edgar/form4 | 12 rows · 2026-04-30 to 2026-09-30 |
| Proposed sales (Form 144) | edgar/form144 | 1 record |
| Beneficial ownership (13D/G) | edgar/13dg | 4 rows · 2026-03-27 to 2026-07-06 |
| Short-sale volume (FINRA) | edgar/short_volume_daily | 60 rows · 2026-07-23 to 2026-10-15 |
| Dark pool (ATS, tier 1) | edgar/darkpool_weekly | 12 rows · 2026-06-15 to 2026-08-31 |
| ETF & fund holding | etf_holdings_changelog (30d) | 1 record |
| Peer set | stock_peers_dynamic | 8 rows |
| Industry medians | industry_medians | 1 record |
| Congressional trades | congress_db (House + Senate) | 1 record |
| ESG | fact/esg_disclosures | 1 record |
Method. Every figure in this factsheet is looked up from a named field computed in code. It contains no model-written text.
Not covered. Short interest as a percent of float and days-to-cover are not in this data set — the short-sale figures above are FINRA volume, a flow, and cannot support squeeze or covering analysis. Options positioning and intraday data are also absent. 13F ownership is filed 45 days after quarter end and congressional trades are disclosed on a lag, so both describe a past position, not a current one.