| Profitability | 60/100 |
| Growth | 71/100 |
| Momentum | 86/100 |
| Quality | 74/100 |
| Earnings Quality | 77/100 |
| Balance Sheet | 91/100 |
| Value | 48/100 |
| Risk (safety) | 100/100 |
| Overall | 72.6/100 |
| Symbol | IS Score |
|---|---|
| ZS | 47 |
| CRWV | 17 |
| OKTA | 74 |
| VRSN | 56 |
| SQ | 42 |
| MDB | 74 |
| TWLO | 73 |
These two disagree — business quality 73, price structure 41 out of 100, so the business reads better than the price does. We publish the disagreement rather than resolving it: they answer different questions, and the gap between them is information, not an error.
| Trigger | Where it stands now | What it would mean |
|---|---|---|
| IS Score reaches 75 and holds two consecutive quarters | now 72.6 | would move us up one band |
| IS Score stops falling - one quarter higher than the prior | last four: 64 → 68 → 70 → 73 | the direction matters more than the level |
| Technical vote share back above 50% | now 36% | price structure no longer broken |
| Institutional holder count rises two quarters running | peak 970 → now 970 | fewer institutions willing to hold is our clearest warning |
This page is InsiderStreet's own reading, produced from the data in the rest of this document. It is not a price target and not investment advice. Analyst consensus and street price targets appear later under their own heading and are the street's numbers, not ours.
| Quarter | Holders | 13F shares | Value | Reported own% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 Q2 | 970 | 139.8M | $28.5B | 91.5% |
| 2026 Q1 | 817 | 136.1M | $17.0B | 89.1% |
| 2025 Q4 | 870 | 136.9M | $19.3B | 89.6% |
| 2025 Q3 | 774 | 140.4M | $14.0B | 91.9% |
| 2025 Q2 | 819 | 131.5M | $16.2B | 86.1% |
| 2025 Q1 | 774 | 121.7M | $11.9B | 79.6% |
| 2024 Q4 | 746 | 119.2M | $12.8B | 78.0% |
| 2024 Q3 | 605 | 118.3M | $7.7B | 77.5% |
| 2024 Q2 | 599 | 128.9M | $7.3B | 84.3% |
| 2024 Q1 | 626 | 136.9M | $8.3B | 89.6% |
| 2023 Q4 | 656 | 145.6M | $10.9B | 95.3% |
| 2023 Q3 | 603 | 142.6M | $8.3B | 93.3% |
| Insider | Role | Date | Type | Shares | Value | Post-Txn Owned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shipchandler Khozema | director, Chief Executive Officer | 2026-10-05 | SELL | 1,934 | $0.56M | 191,371 |
| Shipchandler Khozema | director, Chief Executive Officer | 2026-10-05 | SELL | 1,900 | $0.55M | 189,471 |
| Shipchandler Khozema | director, Chief Executive Officer | 2026-10-05 | SELL | 5,156 | $1.50M | 184,315 |
| Shipchandler Khozema | director, Chief Executive Officer | 2026-10-05 | SELL | 501 | $0.15M | 183,814 |
| Shipchandler Khozema | director, Chief Executive Officer | 2026-10-05 | SELL | 800 | $0.23M | 183,014 |
| Shipchandler Khozema | director, Chief Executive Officer | 2026-10-05 | SELL | 1,600 | $0.47M | 181,414 |
| Shipchandler Khozema | director, Chief Executive Officer | 2026-10-05 | SELL | 2,551 | $0.75M | 178,863 |
| Viggiano Aidan | Chief Financial Officer | 2026-09-30 | SELL | 100 | $0.03M | 108,230 |
| 6-mo decomposition (Form 4) | Txns | Shares | Value | Signal weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S — Open-market sales | 82 | 2,392,863 | $483.4M | Counted |
| M — Exercises (paired A/D) | 2 | 76,316 | $7.7M | None — mechanics |
| G — Gifts | 6 | 2,829 | — | None |
| P — Open-market purchases | 0 | 0 | $0 | Counted — none occurred |
| Filed | Filer | Shares registered | Est. proceeds |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-05 | Shipchandler Khozema | 14,442 | $4.2M |
| 2026-09-30 | Shipchandler Khozema | 13,898 | $4.1M |
| 2026-09-30 | Viggiano Aidan | 9,084 | $2.7M |
| 2026-08-17 | Viggiano Aidan | 1,394 | $0.3M |
| Trailing 12 mo | 36 filings | 3,482,871 | $624M |
| Filed | Form | Reporting person | % of class | Shares |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07-27 | SCHEDULE 13G/A | JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. | 8.00% | 12.2M sh |
| 2026-04-30 | SCHEDULE 13G | Vanguard Capital Management | 5.35% | 8.1M sh |
| 2026-04-29 | SCHEDULE 13G | Vanguard Portfolio Management | 5.34% | 8.1M sh |
| 2026-03-27 | SCHEDULE 13G/A | The Vanguard Group | — | exit/reporting change |
| Member | Chamber | Trade | Size band | Traded | Disclosed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Josh Gottheimer | House | BUY | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-05-04 | 2026-06-04 |
| Josh Gottheimer | House | BUY | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-05-04 | 2026-06-04 |
| Josh S. Gottheimer | House | BUY | $1,001 - $15,000 | 2026-05-03 | 2026-06-04 |
| Manager | Shares | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Artemis Investment Management Llp | 588,018 | $172M |
| Congress Asset Management Co | 160,425 | $47M |
| Assenagon Asset Management S.A. | 85,601 | $25M |
| Fjarde Ap-Fonden /Fourth Swedish N | 59,662 | $17M |
| Mn Services Vermogensbeheer B.V. | 41,678 | $12M |
| Concurrent Investment Advisors, Ll | 41,490 | $12M |
| Fund | Weight | Position |
|---|---|---|
| VITSX | 0.1% | $1.4B |
| VSMPX | 0.1% | $1.4B |
| VTI | 0.1% | $1.4B |
| VTSAX | 0.1% | $1.4B |
| NJH | 0.9% | $1.0B |
| NAESX | 0.6% | $1.0B |
| ATS Venue (4-wk) | Shares | Avg trade |
|---|---|---|
| Incr Intelligent Cross Llc | 3.8M | 42 sh |
| Ubsa Ubs Ats | 3.3M | 54 sh |
| Sgmt Sigma X2 | 2.3M | 45 sh |
| Mlix Instinct X | 2.0M | 68 sh |
| Ebxl Level Ats | 1.7M | 30 sh |
| Mspl Ms Pool (Ats-4) | 1.4M | 145 sh |
| Region | Revenue | Share |
|---|---|---|
| UNITED STATES | $3.2B | 64% |
| Non-US | $1.8B | 36% |
Moat score 48/100 — Weak; primary source Cost Advantage.
| Officer | Title |
|---|---|
| Khozema Z. Shipchandler | Chief Executive Officer & Director |
| Aidan Viggiano | Chief Financial Officer |
| Andy O'Dower | Vice President of Product for Video & Voice |
| Bryan Vaniman | Senior Vice President of Corporate Development, Investor Relations & Treasury |
| Period | EPS est. | EPS actual | EPS surprise | Rev est. ($M) | Rev actual ($M) | Rev surprise |
|---|
| YoY growth | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | +61.3% | +34.6% | +8.6% | +7.3% | +13.7% |
| Gross profit | +49.9% | +34.3% | +11.2% | +13.6% | +9.2% |
| Operating income | +91.2% | +10.3% | -61.1% | -89.5% | -532.0% |
| Net income | +93.5% | +32.2% | -19.2% | -89.2% | -130.9% |
| $B · FY ends | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 2.8 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 5.1 | |
| Cost of revenue | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.6 | |
| Gross profit | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.4 | |
| R&D expense | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| SG&A expense | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Operating income | -0.9 | -1.0 | -0.4 | -0.0 | 0.2 | |
| EBITDA | -0.7 | -0.9 | -0.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
| D&A | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Pretax income | -1.0 | -1.2 | -1.0 | -0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Income tax | -0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Net income | -0.9 | -1.3 | -1.0 | -0.1 | 0.0 | |
| Diluted EPS ($) | -5.45 | -6.86 | -5.54 | -0.66 | 0.21 | |
| Diluted shares (M) | 174 | 183 | 183 | 166 | 160 |
| $B | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash & equivalents | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 | |
| ST investments | 3.5 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 1.8 | |
| Receivables (net) | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Total current assets | 5.0 | 4.9 | 3.4 | 3.6 | |
| PP&E (net) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Goodwill + intangibles | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | |
| Total assets | 12.6 | 11.6 | 9.9 | 9.8 | |
| Accounts payable | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Short-term debt | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Deferred revenue | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | |
| Total current liabilities | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
| Long-term debt | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Total liabilities | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
| Shareholders' equity | 10.6 | 9.7 | 8.0 | 7.8 |
| $B | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net income | (1.3) | (1.0) | (0.1) | 0.0 | |
| D&A | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Stock-based compensation | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Working capital change | (0.4) | (0.2) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Operating cash flow | (0.3) | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 | |
| Capital expenditures | (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.0) | |
| Investing cash flow | (0.6) | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.1 | |
| Buybacks | 0.0 | (0.7) | (2.3) | (0.9) | |
| Dividends paid | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Debt issuance / (repay) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | |
| Financing cash flow | 0.0 | (0.6) | (2.3) | (0.9) | |
| Free cash flow | (0.3) | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PROFITABILITY | |||||||
| ROE | -9.8% | -11.6% | -10.0% | -1.2% | 0.4% | 14% | |
| ROA | -8.4% | -9.8% | -8.4% | -1.0% | 0.3% | 10.6% | |
| ROIC | -10.3% | -10.3% | -4.4% | -0.5% | 1.7% | 3.1% | |
| Gross margin | 46.3% | 46.1% | 47.3% | 50.0% | 48.0% | 48.5% | |
| Operating margin | -31.7% | -26.0% | -9.3% | -0.9% | 3.4% | 5.5% | |
| Net margin | -33.4% | -32.8% | -24.4% | -2.5% | 0.7% | 20.6% | |
| EBITDA margin | -23.0% | -24.0% | -16.5% | 3.1% | 5.4% | 6.0% | |
| FCF margin | -5.2% | -8.7% | 8.8% | 14.7% | 20.4% | — | |
| VALUATION | |||||||
| P/E | -49.61 | -7.22 | -13.58 | -163.92 | 640.44 | 32.5 | |
| P/B | 4.27 | 0.86 | 1.42 | 2.25 | 2.77 | 4.2 | |
| P/S | 16.58 | 2.37 | 3.32 | 4.02 | 4.28 | 6.73 | |
| P/FCF | -317.93 | -27.09 | 37.94 | 27.28 | 20.98 | 33.8 | |
| EV/EBITDA | -69.76 | -6.70 | -15.83 | 112.04 | 84.07 | 112.9 | |
| EV/Revenue | 15.15 | 1.61 | 2.63 | 3.74 | 4.01 | 6.8 | |
| Earnings yield | -2.0% | -13.9% | -7.4% | -0.6% | 0.2% | 3.08% | |
| FCF yield | -0.3% | -3.7% | 2.6% | 3.7% | 4.8% | 2.96% | |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEVERAGE & SOLVENCY | |||||||
| Current ratio | 8.43 | 6.17 | 6.64 | 4.20 | 4.03 | 4.62 | |
| Quick ratio | 8.43 | 6.17 | 6.64 | 4.20 | 4.03 | 4.62 | |
| Debt / equity | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.12 | |
| Debt / assets | 9.9% | 9.9% | 10.0% | 11.3% | 11.6% | 9.8% | |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 6.60 | 3.18 | 4.13 | -8.57 | -5.52 | 0.72 | |
| Interest coverage | -25.25 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ratio | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | TTM | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFFICIENCY | |||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.52 | 0.51 | |
| Receivables turnover | 8.89 | 8.18 | 7.48 | 7.74 | 8.27 | 7.3 | |
| DSO (days) | 41 | 45 | 49 | 47 | 44 | 50 | |
| DPO (days) | 18 | 19 | 20 | 18 | 13 | 9 | |
| Cash conversion cycle | 23 | 25 | 28 | 29 | 31 | 41 | |
| GROWTH (YoY) | |||||||
| Revenue growth | 61.3% | 34.6% | 8.6% | 7.3% | 13.7% | — | |
| Net income growth | -93.5% | -32.2% | 19.2% | 89.2% | 130.9% | — | |
| EPS growth | -71.2% | -27.8% | 17.7% | 88.2% | 133.7% | — | |
| FCF growth | -459.7% | -125.7% | 208.7% | 80.9% | 57.1% | — | |
| PER SHARE ($) | |||||||
| EPS (diluted, TTM) | -5.31 | -6.79 | -5.59 | -0.66 | 0.22 | 7.52 | |
| Book value / share | 61.65 | 57.04 | 53.54 | 47.93 | 51.34 | 58.76 | |
| Revenue / share | 15.88 | 20.67 | 22.85 | 26.87 | 33.26 | 36.47 | |
| FCF / share | -0.83 | -1.81 | 2.00 | 3.96 | 6.78 | 7.26 | |
| Cash / share | 29.94 | 22.45 | 22.07 | 14.37 | 16.22 | 17.39 | |
| SHAREHOLDER RETURN & SCORES | |||||||
| Buyback yield | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.8% | 13.0% | 4.0% | 2.64% | |
| Altman Z-Score | 14.61 | 2.71 | 4.30 | 5.31 | 6.34 | 12.0 | |
| Piotroski F-Score | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5/9 | |
| Beneish M-Score | -2.25 | -2.44 | -3.06 | -2.81 | -2.86 | -2.14 | |
| Model | Score | Zone | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piotroski F-Score | 5 / 9 | Middling | |
| Altman Z-Score | 12.0 | Safe (>2.99) | Safe |
| Income quality | 0.95 | Accrual-heavy | OCF ÷ net income |
| Beneish M-Score | -2.14 | Elevated | vs −2.22 threshold |
| DuPont Decomposition (TTM) | Value |
|---|---|
| Tax burden | 6.65 |
| Interest burden | 1.00 |
| Operating margin | 3.1% |
| Asset turnover | 0.54× |
| Financial leverage | 1.22× |
| = ROE | 13% |
| Growth Quality (live) | Value |
|---|---|
| Revenue stability | 0.96 |
| Earnings stability | 0.66 |
| Earnings persistence | 0.50 |
| Revenue CAGR 3y | 11.2% |
| EPS CAGR 3y | — |
| FCF CAGR 3y | — |
| Company | Mkt cap | P/E | ROE | Net margin | Rev growth | Piotroski | 1-yr ret |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZS | $33.8B | -531.7 | -3% | -0.4% | +25.4% | 5/9 | -30.7% |
| CRWV | $33.8B | -16.8 | -44% | -24.3% | +245.9% | 3/9 | -56.7% |
| OKTA | $31.3B | 110.8 | 4% | 14.4% | +11.2% | 9/9 | +113.5% |
| VRSN | $27.3B | 32.8 | -40% | 49.8% | +6.9% | 6/9 | +17.8% |
| SQ | $51.7B | -53.5 | -4% | 1.3% | +5.1% | 6/9 | — |
| MDB | $27.2B | 462.1 | 2% | 5.3% | +25.5% | 7/9 | — |
| CPAY | $26.3B | 24.0 | 31% | 18.5% | +20.4% | 7/9 | — |
| FFIV | $25.0B | 34.8 | 20% | 24.1% | +9.4% | 9/9 | — |
| Consensus estimates | Revenue mean | High / Low | EPS mean | High / Low | # EPS est. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2026 | $6.00B | $6.06B / $5.81B | $5.93 | $6.05 / $5.82 | 16 |
| FY2027 | $6.70B | $6.92B / $6.14B | $6.79 | $7.37 / $6.26 | 17 |
| FY2028 | $7.41B | $7.83B / $6.76B | $7.77 | $11.17 / $3.99 | 6 |
| Window | Avg Target | vs. Price | # Targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| Last Month | $283.67 | +16.1% | 3 |
| Last Quarter | $274.07 | +12.2% | 14 |
| Last Year | $205.16 | -16.0% | 50 |
| All Time | $184.33 | -24.6% | 127 |
| Moving Average | Value | Distance | % Distance | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMA 20 | $282.77 | -38.40 | -13.58% | Below |
| SMA 50 | $253.96 | -9.59 | -3.78% | Below |
| SMA 200 | $182.94 | +61.43 | +33.58% | Above |
| EMA 9 | $272.37 | -28.00 | -10.28% | Below |
| EMA 21 | $272.00 | -27.63 | -10.16% | Below |
| EMA 50 | $254.90 | -10.53 | -4.13% | Below |
| EMA 200 | $198.08 | +46.29 | +23.37% | Above |
| Level | Value | Level | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pivot / R1 / R2 | $270.11 / $279.55 / $285.71 | S1 / S2 | $263.95 / $254.51 |
| Bollinger (20,2) | $256.06 – $309.48 | Squeeze | ON |
| 52-wk range | $104.50 – $308.40 | Off 52-wk high | -20.8% |
| ATR (14) | $16.66 (6.8%) | Historical vol | 78.0% |
| Computed from live weekly prices | TWLO | S&P 500 |
|---|---|---|
| Weekly volatility (σ, 1y) | 9.72% | 1.83% |
| Best / worst week (1y) | +27.6% / -17.7% | — |
| Max drawdown (5y, monthly) | -89.1% | — |
| 1-week VaR (95%) | -11.7% | — |
| Beta (5y) | 1.41 | 1.00 |
| Reading | TWLO | Software - Infrastructure n=566 | Technology n=6,969 | All US symbols n=70,435 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | -15.9 | -18.4 | -20.7 | -20.5 |
| Trend | -15.7 | -17.3 | -20.8 | -21.3 |
| Momentum | -58.0 | -20.2 | -28.5 | -15.8 |
| Volume | +47.8 | -1.0 | +0.0 | -3.8 |
| Executive | Total comp | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| Khozema Shipchandler Chief Executive Officer | $24.3M | 94% equity+incentive |
| Aidan Viggiano Chief Financial Officer | $9.5M | 91% equity+incentive |
| Pillar (live disclosure scores) | Score |
|---|---|
| Environmental | 55 |
| Social | 58 |
| Governance | 58 |
| Composite ESG | 57 |
| Filed | 8-K contents | Items |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-06 | Earnings Release; Exhibits | 2.02,9.01 |
| 2026-06-17 | Officer/Director Change; Shareholder Vote; Exhibits | 5.02,5.07,9.01 |
| 2026-04-30 | Earnings Release; Exhibits | 2.02,9.01 |
| 2026-03-24 | Officer/Director Change; Regulation FD; Exhibits | 5.02,7.01,9.01 |
| 2026-02-12 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition; Financial Statements an | 2.02,9.01 |
| 2025-10-30 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition; Financial Statements an | 2.02,9.01 |
| 2025-08-07 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition; Financial Statements an | 2.02,9.01 |
| 2025-06-11 | Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Submission of Matte | 5.03,5.07,9.01 |
Methodology. Every figure originates in InsiderStreet's production data layer and is computed deterministically by the same engines that power insiderstreet.ai. This factsheet contains no model-written text. Sections without underlying data are omitted rather than estimated.
| Data domain | Source | Coverage for this report |
|---|---|---|
| Price & volume | market_db.historical_prices | 52 rows |
| Fundamentals | income_statements_annual | 6 rows · 2020 to 2025 |
| Reported vs consensus | fact/earnings_calendar | 24 rows · 2020-10-26 to 2026-08-06 |
| Analyst estimates | dim/forward_estimates | 3 rows · 2026-12-31 to 2028-12-31 |
| Institutional ownership (13F) | holdings_db.institutional_ownership_summary | 44 rows · 2010 to 2026 |
| Insider transactions (Form 4) | edgar/form4 | 12 rows · 2026-09-30 to 2026-10-05 |
| Proposed sales (Form 144) | edgar/form144 | 1 record |
| Beneficial ownership (13D/G) | edgar/13dg | 4 rows · 2026-03-27 to 2026-07-27 |
| Short-sale volume (FINRA) | edgar/short_volume_daily | 60 rows · 2026-07-23 to 2026-10-15 |
| Dark pool (ATS, tier 1) | edgar/darkpool_weekly | 12 rows · 2026-06-15 to 2026-08-31 |
| ETF & fund holding | etf_holdings_changelog (30d) | 1 record |
| Peer set | stock_peers_dynamic | 8 rows |
| Industry medians | industry_medians | 1 record |
| Congressional trades | congress_db (House + Senate) | 1 record |
| ESG | fact/esg_disclosures | 1 record |
Method. Every figure in this factsheet is looked up from a named field computed in code. It contains no model-written text.
Not covered. Short interest as a percent of float and days-to-cover are not in this data set — the short-sale figures above are FINRA volume, a flow, and cannot support squeeze or covering analysis. Options positioning and intraday data are also absent. 13F ownership is filed 45 days after quarter end and congressional trades are disclosed on a lag, so both describe a past position, not a current one.