— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 0IFJ.L (LSE) · $vol 0M

EIX NYSE

Edison International
1W: -0.6% 1M: +1.3% 3M: -4.7% YTD: +17.1% 1Y: +24.4% 3Y: +12.9% 5Y: +48.5%
$71.18
+0.86 (+1.22%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±2.7%
$65 $67 $69 $71 $73
NYSE · Utilities · Regulated Electric · Alpha Radar Buy · Power 56 · $27.4B mcap · 384M float · 0.820% daily turnover · Short 63% of daily vol

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

WEAK EDGE
42.9 / 100
NoneWeakNarrowWide
Primary source: Switching Costs  ·  ROIC: 5.6%  ·  5Y Avg: 3.6%
Cost Advantage
54
Intangibles
33
Switching Cost
58
Network Effect
28
Scale
34
The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. EIX shows a Weak competitive edge (42.9/100) — limited structural advantages that may face competitive pressure. The primary source of advantage is Switching Costs. ROIC of 5.6% suggests modest returns relative to capital deployed.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$77
Low
$78
Avg Target
$79
High
Based on 2 analysts since Apr 28, 2026 earnings
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 19Hold: 14Sell: 4Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$74.00
Analysts5
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2026-05-18 Truist Financial $82 $79 -3 +14.2% $69.16
2026-04-29 Barclays $78 $77 -1 +13.3% $67.94
2026-04-21 Morgan Stanley $57 $70 +13 -0.8% $70.56
2026-04-21 Wells Fargo $59 $62 +3 -12.2% $70.58
2026-04-20 Truist Financial Initiated $82 +16.2% $70.58
2026-02-19 Mizuho Securities $94 $79 -15 +13.3% $69.70
2026-02-19 Barclays $68 $78 +10 +11.9% $69.70
2026-02-13 UBS $70 $78 +8 +12.9% $69.08
2026-01-20 Wells Fargo $56 $59 +3 -5.4% $62.39
2025-12-17 Morgan Stanley David Arcaro $59 $57 -2 -4.3% $59.53
2025-12-16 Morgan Stanley David Arcaro $64 $59 -5 -0.2% $59.14
2025-12-02 UBS $66 $70 +4 +20.4% $58.13
2025-11-20 Morgan Stanley $60 $64 +4 +9.9% $58.24
2025-10-29 Barclays $69 $68 -1 +21.3% $56.05
2025-10-27 Wells Fargo $86 $56 -30 -1.6% $56.91
2025-10-22 Jefferies $57 $59 +2 +1.1% $58.36
2025-10-21 Barclays $65 $69 +4 +19.7% $57.65
2025-10-02 Jefferies Initiated $57 +1.3% $56.28
2025-09-25 Morgan Stanley David Arcaro $61 $60 -1 +10.8% $54.14
2025-09-18 Morgan Stanley $52 $61 +9 +9.5% $55.72
2025-09-10 UBS $87 $66 -21 +18.8% $55.57
2025-05-22 Morgan Stanley David Arcaro $72 $52 -20 -7.5% $56.22
2025-03-03 Barclays $67 $65 -2 +17.6% $55.27
2025-01-23 Barclays Nicholas Campanella $89 $67 -22 +14.9% $58.29
2024-12-19 UBS Gregg Orrill $82 $87 +5 +5.1% $82.78
2024-10-15 Barclays Nicholas Campanella $91 $89 -2 +5.3% $84.54
2024-10-04 RBC Capital Shelby Tucker Initiated $100 +16.2% $86.07
2024-09-25 Morgan Stanley David Arcaro $68 $72 +4 -16.3% $86.05
2024-09-11 Argus Research Marie Ferguson $82 $97 +15 +16.7% $83.14
2024-09-04 Barclays Nicholas Campanella Initiated $91 +4.2% $87.33
2024-08-23 Morgan Stanley David Arcaro $62 $68 +6 -19.9% $84.88
2024-08-16 Mizuho Securities Paul Fremont $75 $94 +19 +13.0% $83.22
2024-07-19 UBS Gregg Orrill $73 $82 +9 +9.2% $75.09
2024-06-12 Argus Research Marie Ferguson $78 $82 +4 +11.4% $73.61
2024-05-14 Wells Fargo Neil Kalton Initiated $86 +15.5% $74.44
2024-03-12 Argus Research Marie Ferguson Initiated $78 +12.3% $69.46
2024-01-22 Guggenheim Shahriar Pourreza Initiated $84 +24.2% $67.65
2023-08-22 Mizuho Securities Anthony Crowdell Initiated $75 +7.9% $69.50
2022-09-06 Morgan Stanley David Arcaro $65 $62 -3 -8.8% $67.96
2022-06-06 UBS Gregg Orrill Initiated $73 +4.6% $69.78
2022-04-26 Morgan Stanley $66 $65 -1 -8.3% $70.89
2022-04-20 Morgan Stanley Initiated $66 -9.3% $72.73
2021-07-12 Bank of America Securities Julien Dumoulin Smith Initiated $59 +6.3% $55.50

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
May 22, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
5
ROA
4
D/E
1
P/E
4
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. EIX receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: ROE (5/5), ROA (4/5), P/E (4/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-04-30 B B+
2026-04-28 B+ B
2026-02-23 A B+
2026-02-19 C A
2026-02-18 B+ C

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

50 Grade B
Profitability
69
Balance Sheet
19
Earnings Quality
81
Growth
68
Value
78
Momentum
93
Safety
15
Cash Flow
35
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. EIX scores highest in Momentum (93/100) and lowest in Safety (15/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
0.70
Distress Zone
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
Beneish M-Score
-2.49
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-6.96
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
B-
Score: 22.3/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.62x
Accruals: -2.6%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. EIX scores 0.70, placing it in the Distress Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Historically, companies in this range face elevated bankruptcy risk. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. EIX scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. EIX's score of -2.49 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. EIX's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. EIX receives an estimated rating of B- (score: 22.3/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). EIX's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
7.40x
PEG
0.24x
P/S
1.40x
P/B
1.58x
P/FCF
-43.52x
P/OCF
4.66x
EV/EBITDA
9.51x
EV/Revenue
3.59x
EV/EBIT
17.29x
EV/FCF
-109.51x
Earnings Yield
13.23%
FCF Yield
-2.30%
Shareholder Yield
10.93%
Graham Number
$98.86
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 7.4x earnings, EIX trades at a deep value multiple. An earnings yield of 13.2% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $98.86 per share, suggesting a potential 39% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.784
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.160
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.208
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.218
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
5.419
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
22.3%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. EIX's ROE of 22.3% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 5.42x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Adj. Growth Rate
52.87%
Fair P/E
114.24x
Intrinsic Value
$1092.47
Price/Value
0.07x
Margin of Safety
93.38%
Premium
-93.38%
Assessment
Undervalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with EIX's realized 52.9% 3-year EPS CAGR — what the company actually delivered, not what analysts hope for. At an intrinsic value of $1092.47, EIX appears undervalued with a 93% margin of safety. The adjusted fair P/E of 114.2x compares to the current market P/E of 7.4x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$71.19
Median 1Y
$72.31
5th Pctile
$45.45
95th Pctile
$114.98
Ann. Volatility
29.2%
Analyst Target
$74.00
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target

Executive Compensation

C-suite compensation breakdown including salary, stock awards, options, and incentive pay. The CEO-to-employee pay ratio and Gini coefficient measure pay distribution fairness.

C-Suite Compensation

ExecutiveSalaryStockTotal
Pedro J. Pizarro
EIX President and CEO
$1,417,041 $7,242,093 $29,255,625
Steven D. Powell
SCE President and CEO
$838,164 $1,928,573 $10,615,622
Chonda J. Nwamu
EIX EVP and General Counsel
$544,973 $1,848,054 $10,200,250
Maria Rigatti EIX
EVP and CFO
$842,603 $1,928,573 $9,687,090
Jill C. Anderson
SCE EVP and COO
$552,603 $808,630 $5,530,729

CEO Pay Ratio

224:1
CEO-to-Employee Pay Ratio
CEO Total Comp: $29,255,625
Avg Employee Cost (SGA/emp): $130,856
Employees: 13,725

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
13,725
-2.1% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$1,407,432
Rev: $19,317,000,000
Profit / Employee
$332,022
NI: $4,557,000,000
SGA / Employee
$130,856
Avg labor cost proxy
R&D / Employee
$33,734
Innovation spend

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
ROE 6.5% 6.1% 5.9% 4.9% 4.5% 6.0% 5.1% 6.5% 7.2% 9.1% 8.9% 6.8% 7.4% 9.7% 9.6% 18.9% 18.5% 20.5% 27.9% 22.3% 22.33%
ROA 1.3% 1.3% 1.2% 1.0% 0.9% 1.2% 1.0% 1.3% 1.5% 1.9% 1.7% 1.3% 1.4% 1.9% 1.8% 3.5% 3.4% 3.8% 5.1% 4.1% 4.12%
ROIC 4.6% 4.1% 3.8% 3.7% 4.0% 5.0% 3.9% 4.2% 4.5% 5.0% 4.8% 4.5% 4.9% 5.5% 5.5% 7.6% 7.5% 8.1% 6.9% 5.6% 5.57%
ROCE 2.8% 3.2% 2.6% 2.4% 2.2% 2.4% 2.7% 3.3% 3.7% 4.6% 4.3% 3.8% 4.1% 4.7% 4.4% 6.9% 6.7% 7.2% 6.3% 4.9% 4.88%
Gross Margin 38.6% 37.5% 40.4% 36.4% 33.5% 33.7% 39.1% 39.4% 39.8% 39.0% 47.0% 43.0% 41.9% 36.7% 43.6% 46.7% 39.8% 50.0% -7.9% 76.4% 76.36%
Operating Margin 17.6% -2.4% 18.6% 6.5% 12.6% -0.8% 19.0% 15.6% 18.3% 10.5% 21.3% 6.0% 20.8% 19.1% 19.8% 56.0% 17.1% 24.9% 17.2% 26.2% 26.18%
Net Margin 9.6% -5.6% 17.1% 3.4% 6.7% -1.4% 11.7% 9.2% 9.6% 4.5% 11.4% 1.3% 10.6% 11.1% 10.2% 39.1% 8.8% 15.4% 35.4% 13.9% 13.89%
EBITDA Margin 36.5% 10.2% 37.0% 24.0% 29.2% 15.3% 38.6% 35.7% 39.0% 27.4% 43.2% 26.7% 41.4% 35.6% 41.0% 78.3% 37.7% 42.0% 26.2% 46.5% 46.50%
FCF Margin -44.7% -39.1% -36.9% -29.1% -18.0% -19.5% -14.9% -20.7% -18.0% -11.5% -12.5% -5.3% -8.2% -5.6% -3.9% -3.7% -2.2% -4.0% -3.7% -3.3% -3.28%
OCF Margin -5.2% -1.5% 0.1% 4.6% 15.8% 15.4% 18.7% 13.6% 15.7% 21.9% 20.8% 27.6% 24.1% 27.1% 28.5% 30.0% 32.8% 29.8% 30.0% 30.6% 30.61%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 15.60%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 11.59%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.89%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.05%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 5.57%
Cash ROA snapshot only 6.38%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 10.00%
CROIC snapshot only -1.07%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 17.06%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 24.09%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 12.57%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
P/E Ratio 19.97 20.90 24.72 31.15 30.30 20.86 26.81 23.35 20.75 15.46 18.23 23.67 22.53 21.05 19.55 7.37 6.70 6.58 4.93 7.56 7.405
P/S Ratio 1.27 1.19 1.46 1.43 1.24 1.14 1.24 1.39 1.38 1.33 1.54 1.53 1.53 1.84 1.66 1.25 1.10 1.16 1.18 1.43 1.397
P/B Ratio 1.27 1.25 1.37 1.43 1.29 1.18 1.37 1.54 1.52 1.41 1.62 1.63 1.66 2.05 1.88 1.39 1.24 1.35 1.30 1.59 1.582
P/FCF -2.83 -3.04 -3.97 -4.91 -6.84 -5.82 -8.36 -6.74 -7.66 -11.53 -12.27 -29.01 -18.75 -32.81 -42.23 -33.79 -50.81 -29.03 -31.85 -43.52 -43.521
P/OCF 1981.89 31.03 7.82 7.39 6.66 10.29 8.80 6.05 7.39 5.56 6.35 6.77 5.84 4.17 3.35 3.88 3.93 4.66 4.662
EV/EBITDA 11.08 10.12 12.76 13.18 12.75 11.52 11.98 11.38 10.51 9.36 10.27 10.89 10.53 10.53 10.49 7.17 6.94 6.69 7.69 9.51 9.513
EV/Revenue 2.97 2.82 3.42 3.26 2.99 2.90 3.11 3.26 3.25 3.26 3.68 3.66 3.61 3.85 3.80 3.42 3.24 3.24 3.38 3.59 3.591
EV/EBIT 25.15 22.11 29.72 33.01 33.57 29.93 29.28 25.05 22.12 17.47 19.22 21.72 20.48 19.26 19.47 11.20 11.08 10.53 12.44 17.29 17.288
EV/FCF -6.65 -7.22 -9.27 -11.21 -16.57 -14.86 -20.92 -15.78 -18.07 -28.36 -29.36 -69.25 -44.16 -68.89 -96.44 -92.39 -149.94 -81.07 -91.20 -109.51 -109.512
Earnings Yield 5.0% 4.8% 4.0% 3.2% 3.3% 4.8% 3.7% 4.3% 4.8% 6.5% 5.5% 4.2% 4.4% 4.7% 5.1% 13.6% 14.9% 15.2% 20.3% 13.2% 13.23%
FCF Yield -35.4% -32.9% -25.2% -20.4% -14.6% -17.2% -12.0% -14.8% -13.1% -8.7% -8.1% -3.4% -5.3% -3.0% -2.4% -3.0% -2.0% -3.4% -3.1% -2.3% -2.30%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.244
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 1.592
EV/OCF snapshot only 11.730
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 9.514
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 16.846
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 10.93%
Graham Number snapshot only $98.86
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.49 0.49 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.73 0.73 0.729
Quick Ratio 0.45 0.45 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.68 0.68 0.679
Debt/Equity 1.72 1.72 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.42 2.42 2.423
Net Debt/Equity 1.71 1.71 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.41 2.41 2.41 2.41 2.41 2.41 2.414
Debt/Assets 0.35 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.453
Debt/EBITDA 6.39 5.88 7.39 7.51 7.58 7.10 7.40 6.70 6.23 5.71 6.04 6.39 6.12 5.57 5.93 4.57 4.61 4.32 5.02 5.75 5.754
Net Debt/EBITDA 6.37 5.86 7.30 7.41 7.48 7.01 7.19 6.52 6.06 5.55 5.98 6.33 6.06 5.52 5.90 4.55 4.59 4.30 5.01 5.73 5.733
Interest Coverage 1.86 2.04 1.85 1.65 1.49 1.52 1.57 1.75 1.80 2.02 1.94 1.63 1.66 1.90 1.84 3.06 2.93 3.16 3.40 2.31 2.312
Equity Multiplier 4.94 4.94 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.70 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.27 5.27 5.27 5.27 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.35 5.35 5.349
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.015
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 4.201
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.004
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.015
Defensive Interval snapshot only 324.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.218
Inventory Turnover 22.89 23.53 22.27 23.89 25.41 25.79 24.83 24.56 23.94 22.61 19.23 19.07 19.34 20.18 19.49 18.94 19.35 18.57 24.73 22.75 22.755
Receivables Turnover 9.62 10.07 7.76 8.28 8.64 8.61 7.61 7.61 7.59 7.35 6.41 6.46 6.60 6.80 7.14 7.04 7.12 7.34 7.93 8.05 8.053
Payables Turnover 4.72 4.85 4.61 4.95 5.27 5.34 5.09 5.03 4.91 4.63 4.43 4.40 4.46 4.65 5.21 5.06 5.17 4.97 6.11 5.62 5.621
DSO 38 36 47 44 42 42 48 48 48 50 57 57 55 54 51 52 51 50 46 45 45.3 days
DIO 16 16 16 15 14 14 15 15 15 16 19 19 19 18 19 19 19 20 15 16 16.0 days
DPO 77 75 79 74 69 68 72 73 74 79 82 83 82 78 70 72 71 74 60 65 64.9 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -23 -24 -16 -14 -13 -12 -9 -10 -11 -13 -6 -7 -8 -7 -0 -1 -0 -4 1 -4 -3.6 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 0.304
Operating Cycle snapshot only 61.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 124.108
Capital Intensity snapshot only 4.795
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue 12.7% 10.0% 9.8% 15.7% 18.0% 12.2% 15.5% 8.2% 3.4% 0.7% -5.1% -4.5% -2.0% 4.0% 7.7% 5.4% 4.3% 4.4% 9.8% 13.1% 13.14%
Net Income -26.0% 81.2% 8.2% -18.4% -24.1% 7.5% -9.4% 41.2% 68.5% 58.6% 72.5% 3.6% 0.4% 5.8% 8.6% 1.8% 1.5% 1.1% 2.1% 26.0% 26.01%
EPS -26.8% 80.2% 7.7% -18.8% -24.7% 6.7% -10.2% 40.5% 67.7% 57.7% 72.6% 3.3% -0.4% 4.5% 7.5% 1.8% 1.5% 1.1% 2.1% 25.4% 25.36%
FCF -15.9% -55.8% -30.2% -1.5% 52.4% 44.0% 53.4% 23.0% -3.1% 40.7% 20.1% 75.6% 55.5% 49.3% 66.1% 26.2% 72.5% 25.5% -3.2% -0.3% -0.31%
EBITDA -3.8% 38.3% 14.2% 7.6% 3.0% 1.3% 12.0% 25.6% 36.4% 39.4% 30.8% 11.9% 8.7% 9.3% 8.9% 49.6% 41.7% 38.0% 33.1% -10.4% -10.43%
Op. Income -18.9% 1.3% 21.4% 1.8% -10.2% -18.8% 0.4% 37.9% 64.3% 94.0% 77.1% 22.1% 17.6% 12.7% 11.5% 1.1% 93.3% 75.1% 78.8% -13.3% -13.26%
OCF Growth snapshot only 15.55%
Asset Growth snapshot only 9.87%
Equity Growth snapshot only 12.94%
Debt Growth snapshot only 12.79%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.52%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 4.27%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 4.7% 4.6% 5.6% 7.2% 8.7% 10.1% 11.7% 11.8% 11.2% 7.5% 6.4% 6.2% 6.1% 5.5% 5.7% 2.9% 1.8% 3.0% 3.9% 4.4% 4.43%
Revenue 5Y 4.5% 5.4% 4.7% 6.0% 6.6% 6.6% 6.9% 6.7% 7.0% 5.3% 5.2% 5.0% 5.4% 6.9% 7.3% 7.1% 7.0% 6.2% 7.3% 7.4% 7.36%
EPS 3Y 12.4% 7.3% -18.9% -9.4% -2.6% 44.7% 18.6% 5.6% 7.9% 20.7% 18.6% 58.8% 61.7% 52.1% 79.4% 52.9% 52.87%
EPS 5Y -5.4% -6.6% -12.0% -16.4% -17.6% -13.4% -0.2% 10.0% 12.4% 15.8% -0.2% 16.2% 18.4% 46.6% 41.1% 32.4% 32.44%
Net Income 3Y 18.1% 12.8% -17.2% -7.8% -1.8% 45.6% 19.1% 6.1% 8.7% 21.7% 19.3% 59.2% 61.9% 52.4% 79.5% 53.3% 53.26%
Net Income 5Y -2.7% -4.0% -9.5% -13.8% -15.1% -10.7% 3.0% 13.6% 16.1% 19.6% 1.3% 17.5% 19.0% 47.1% 41.5% 32.9% 32.92%
EBITDA 3Y 1.8% 2.4% 31.3% 29.9% 33.9% 43.2% 5.9% 9.7% 10.6% 25.0% 18.7% 14.8% 15.2% 15.6% 16.8% 28.1% 28.1% 28.1% 23.8% 14.5% 14.45%
EBITDA 5Y -0.7% 0.3% -1.3% -1.9% -2.5% -0.5% 3.9% 6.9% 8.2% 8.7% 27.1% 25.3% 28.9% 35.0% 11.1% 17.2% 15.8% 24.1% 19.4% 15.2% 15.16%
Gross Profit 3Y 6.1% 7.8% 8.7% 11.0% 10.6% 10.0% 11.4% 11.7% 12.5% 9.8% 10.1% 10.2% 10.6% 8.3% 8.1% 6.2% 5.7% 11.6% -0.4% 5.8% 5.85%
Gross Profit 5Y 5.2% 6.2% 5.0% 6.0% 5.8% 5.6% 5.7% 6.7% 7.9% 7.6% 8.6% 9.3% 9.6% 10.3% 10.3% 10.1% 9.7% 10.7% 3.8% 7.5% 7.51%
Op. Income 3Y 2.8% 3.9% -5.8% 2.2% 6.2% 54.1% 29.2% 19.7% 20.2% 21.1% 25.6% 53.3% 55.2% 56.4% 52.3% 31.4% 31.36%
Op. Income 5Y -4.6% -2.4% -6.7% -8.8% -10.6% -8.3% 0.1% 6.6% 9.9% 12.0% 10.5% 22.8% 22.2% 48.5% 33.9% 26.0% 26.04%
FCF 3Y
FCF 5Y
OCF 3Y -84.9% -33.9% 0.8% 2.1% 32.2% 39.1% 64.4% 6.7% 92.3% 29.9% 28.6% 21.7% 37.0% 37.01%
OCF 5Y -68.0% -25.9% -4.3% -5.9% -2.2% -8.2% -4.5% 2.8% 1.4% 12.4% 9.7% 1.2% 27.8% 35.6% 42.5% 42.55%
Assets 3Y 9.7% 9.7% 9.6% 9.6% 9.6% 9.6% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 4.6% 4.6% 4.6% 4.6% 6.4% 6.4% 6.41%
Assets 5Y 6.6% 6.6% 7.8% 7.8% 7.8% 7.8% 8.2% 8.2% 8.2% 8.2% 7.6% 7.6% 7.6% 7.6% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% 6.3% 6.3% 6.27%
Equity 3Y 6.4% 6.4% 15.0% 15.0% 15.0% 15.0% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% -0.7% -0.7% -0.7% -0.7% 4.0% 4.0% 4.01%
Book Value 3Y 1.2% 1.2% 9.1% 9.1% 9.1% 11.4% 3.3% 3.6% 4.7% 4.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.6% 2.4% -1.3% -0.9% -0.9% -0.9% 3.9% 3.7% 3.75%
Dividend 3Y -1.2% -1.3% -1.9% -0.7% -1.0% 0.6% 1.8% 0.8% 1.8% 1.3% 1.6% 1.2% 1.1% 0.9% 1.2% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 2.3% 1.1% 1.14%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.83 0.85 0.79 0.71 0.70 0.86 0.80 0.81 0.85 0.89 0.84 0.83 0.85 0.94 0.87 0.79 0.77 0.92 0.87 0.85 0.851
Earnings Stability 0.04 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.24 0.31 0.62 0.33 0.29 0.40 0.94 0.11 0.35 0.42 0.80 0.60 0.77 0.767
Margin Stability 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.90 0.89 0.93 0.932
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.97 0.93 0.90 0.97 0.96 0.84 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.90 0.896
Earnings Smoothness 0.70 0.42 0.92 0.80 0.73 0.93 0.90 0.66 0.49 0.55 0.47 0.96 1.00 0.94 0.92 0.06 0.14 0.29 0.00 0.77 0.770
ROE Trend 0.02 0.05 -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.17 0.08 0.082
Gross Margin Trend 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.05 -0.10 -0.04 -0.041
FCF Margin Trend -0.15 -0.06 -0.00 0.09 0.26 0.14 0.19 0.10 0.13 0.18 0.13 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.012
Sustainable Growth Rate -0.6% -1.3% -0.9% -2.4% -2.8% -1.6% -2.2% -0.9% -0.3% 1.4% 1.0% -1.1% -0.7% 1.6% 1.4% 10.5% 10.0% 11.9% 19.6% 14.1% 14.09%
Internal Growth Rate 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 2.0% 1.9% 2.3% 3.7% 2.7% 2.67%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
OCF/Net Income -0.83 -0.27 0.01 1.00 3.87 2.82 4.03 2.27 2.36 2.56 2.47 4.26 3.55 3.11 3.35 1.77 2.00 1.69 1.25 1.62 1.622
FCF/OCF 8.56 25.71 -499.45 -6.32 -1.14 -1.27 -0.80 -1.53 -1.15 -0.52 -0.60 -0.19 -0.34 -0.21 -0.14 -0.12 -0.07 -0.13 -0.12 -0.11 -0.107
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.174
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.811
CapEx/Revenue 39.5% 37.6% 36.9% 33.6% 33.8% 34.9% 33.6% 34.2% 33.7% 33.4% 33.3% 32.8% 32.3% 32.7% 32.4% 33.7% 34.9% 33.8% 33.7% 33.9% 33.89%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.996
Accruals Ratio 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 -0.03 -0.026
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.055
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.749
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Dividend Yield 5.4% 5.8% 4.7% 4.8% 5.4% 6.0% 5.4% 4.9% 5.0% 5.4% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.0% 4.4% 6.0% 6.9% 6.4% 6.1% 4.9% 4.79%
Dividend/Share $2.55 $2.67 $2.69 $2.84 $2.87 $2.96 $2.99 $3.05 $3.08 $3.12 $3.18 $3.19 $3.23 $3.25 $3.31 $3.40 $3.45 $3.49 $3.58 $3.53 $3.41
Payout Ratio 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.5% 1.6% 1.3% 1.4% 1.1% 1.0% 84.2% 88.5% 1.2% 1.1% 83.8% 85.9% 44.6% 46.2% 42.2% 29.8% 36.9% 36.91%
FCF Payout Ratio
Total Payout Ratio 1.4% 1.2% 1.2% 1.5% 1.6% 1.3% 1.4% 1.1% 1.0% 84.2% 1.1% 1.4% 1.7% 1.3% 1.4% 74.1% 63.8% 58.2% 66.5% 82.7% 82.65%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.09 0.092
Buyback Yield 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.2% 1.2% 2.6% 2.1% 2.9% 4.0% 2.6% 2.4% 7.4% 6.0% 6.05%
Net Buyback Yield -5.4% -7.2% -9.2% -3.4% -3.7% -4.0% -0.1% -0.1% -0.1% -0.1% -1.1% -1.0% -0.9% -0.7% 1.7% 2.5% 2.6% 2.4% 7.4% 6.0% 6.05%
Total Shareholder Return 0.0% -1.4% -4.5% 1.4% 1.7% 2.0% 5.3% 4.8% 4.9% 5.4% 3.8% 3.9% 3.9% 3.2% 6.1% 8.5% 9.5% 8.8% 13.5% 10.9% 10.93%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 1.16 0.87 1.12 1.18 1.39 1.63 1.21 1.07 1.02 0.91 0.91 0.99 0.97 0.92 0.96 0.82 0.85 0.84 0.77 0.78 0.784
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.46 0.51 0.46 0.39 0.33 0.34 0.36 0.43 0.44 0.51 0.48 0.39 0.40 0.47 0.46 0.67 0.66 0.68 1.14 1.16 1.160
EBIT Margin 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.27 0.21 0.208
Asset Turnover 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.218
Equity Multiplier 4.89 4.89 4.81 4.81 4.81 4.81 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 5.13 5.13 5.13 5.13 5.39 5.39 5.39 5.39 5.42 5.42 5.419
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $2.35 $2.20 $2.31 $1.91 $1.77 $2.35 $2.08 $2.68 $2.96 $3.71 $3.59 $2.77 $2.95 $3.87 $3.86 $7.63 $7.47 $8.28 $12.01 $9.56 $9.56
Book Value/Share $36.97 $36.97 $41.70 $41.59 $41.48 $41.48 $40.65 $40.68 $40.57 $40.57 $40.38 $40.26 $39.95 $39.75 $40.12 $40.43 $40.43 $40.43 $45.66 $45.42 $49.05
Tangible Book/Share $36.97 $36.97 $41.70 $41.59 $41.48 $41.48 $40.65 $40.68 $40.57 $40.57 $40.38 $40.26 $39.95 $39.75 $40.12 $40.43 $40.43 $40.43 $45.66 $45.42 $45.42
Revenue/Share $37.04 $38.77 $39.12 $41.66 $43.36 $43.17 $44.81 $44.84 $44.61 $43.24 $42.56 $42.73 $43.36 $44.41 $45.36 $45.02 $45.56 $46.98 $50.17 $50.67 $50.93
FCF/Share $-16.58 $-15.16 $-14.42 $-12.10 $-7.83 $-8.42 $-6.67 $-9.27 $-8.03 $-4.97 $-5.33 $-2.26 $-3.55 $-2.48 $-1.79 $-1.66 $-0.98 $-1.88 $-1.86 $-1.66 $-1.67
OCF/Share $-1.94 $-0.59 $0.03 $1.91 $6.85 $6.63 $8.37 $6.08 $6.99 $9.48 $8.86 $11.78 $10.47 $12.05 $12.92 $13.49 $14.93 $14.02 $15.06 $15.51 $15.59
Cash/Share $0.23 $0.23 $1.02 $1.02 $1.02 $1.02 $2.38 $2.38 $2.37 $2.37 $0.90 $0.90 $0.89 $0.88 $0.50 $0.50 $0.50 $0.50 $0.41 $0.41 $0.44
EBITDA/Share $9.94 $10.80 $10.48 $10.29 $10.17 $10.86 $11.64 $12.86 $13.80 $15.06 $15.24 $14.35 $14.88 $16.25 $16.42 $21.46 $21.25 $22.71 $22.02 $19.13 $19.13
Debt/Share $63.54 $63.54 $77.51 $77.31 $77.11 $77.11 $86.13 $86.19 $85.96 $85.96 $91.97 $91.72 $91.01 $90.54 $97.32 $98.08 $98.08 $98.08 $110.62 $110.05 $110.05
Net Debt/Share $63.32 $63.32 $76.49 $76.29 $76.09 $76.09 $83.75 $83.81 $83.59 $83.59 $91.08 $90.82 $90.12 $89.66 $96.82 $97.58 $97.58 $97.58 $110.21 $109.64 $109.64
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Altman Z-Score 0.699
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 0.857
Piotroski F-Score 3 5 6 6 6 7 6 8 8 7 8 7 6 7 7 9 8 9 7 7 7
Beneish M-Score -1.69 -1.84 -2.38 -3.36 -2.52 -2.54 -2.51 -2.44 -2.61 -2.56 -2.81 -3.09 -2.42 -2.28 -2.45 -2.01 -2.51 -2.63 -7.91 -2.49 -2.491
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -6.962
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 6.61%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-173.34
EVA snapshot only $-2656568981.58
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only B-
Credit Score 17.20 21.76 20.43 19.50 16.92 20.20 18.27 19.12 18.15 22.92 18.49 18.93 18.22 19.24 20.79 33.72 28.72 33.26 31.33 22.33 22.325
Credit Grade snapshot only 16
Credit Trend snapshot only -11.391
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 900.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 12
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 14

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