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GHC NYSE

Graham Holdings Company
1W: -1.2% 1M: -5.1% 3M: +0.0% YTD: +0.9% 1Y: +14.8% 3Y: +93.5% 5Y: +75.8%
$1,104.69
+8.48 (+0.77%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.3%
$1021 $1057 $1093 $1128 $1164
NYSE · Consumer Defensive · Education & Training Services · Alpha Radar Sell · Power 39 · $4.8B mcap · 4M float · 0.482% daily turnover · Short 64% of daily vol

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

WEAK EDGE
42.6 / 100
NoneWeakNarrowWide
Primary source: Efficient Scale  ·  ROIC: 3.6%  ·  5Y Avg: 7.1%
Cost Advantage
49
Intangibles
19
Switching Cost
31
Network Effect
60
Scale ★
75
The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. GHC shows a Weak competitive edge (42.6/100) — limited structural advantages that may face competitive pressure. The primary source of advantage is Efficient Scale. ROIC of 3.6% suggests modest returns relative to capital deployed.

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
May 22, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
3
ROA
4
D/E
3
P/E
3
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. GHC receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: ROA (4/5), P/B (4/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-05-14 B+ A-
2026-04-01 B B+
2026-03-04 B+ B
2026-02-26 A B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

47 Grade B
Profitability
24
Balance Sheet
79
Earnings Quality
86
Growth
24
Value
70
Momentum
56
Safety
80
Cash Flow
42
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. GHC scores highest in Earnings Quality (86/100) and lowest in Profitability (24/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
3.07
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
Beneish M-Score
-2.41
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.31
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 71.4/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.21x
Accruals: -0.8%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. GHC scores 3.07, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. GHC scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. GHC's score of -2.41 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. GHC's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. GHC receives an estimated rating of A (score: 71.4/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). GHC's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
16.08x
PEG
-0.31x
P/S
0.96x
P/B
1.01x
P/FCF
16.19x
P/OCF
12.80x
EV/EBITDA
8.82x
EV/Revenue
1.00x
EV/EBIT
12.62x
EV/FCF
17.51x
Earnings Yield
6.43%
FCF Yield
6.18%
Shareholder Yield
1.42%
Graham Number
$1294.82
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 16.1x earnings, GHC trades at a reasonable valuation. An earnings yield of 6.4% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $1294.82 per share, suggesting a potential 17% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.651
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.152
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.080
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.620
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.776
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
6.6%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. GHC's ROE of 6.6% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.620), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Adj. Growth Rate
139.21%
Fair P/E
286.92x
Intrinsic Value
$19510.68
Price/Value
0.05x
Margin of Safety
94.58%
Premium
-94.58%
Assessment
Undervalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with GHC's realized 139.2% 3-year EPS CAGR — what the company actually delivered, not what analysts hope for. At an intrinsic value of $19510.68, GHC appears undervalued with a 95% margin of safety. The adjusted fair P/E of 286.9x compares to the current market P/E of 16.1x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$1106.13
Median 1Y
$1136.91
5th Pctile
$681.33
95th Pctile
$1897.76
Ann. Volatility
31.6%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical

Executive Compensation

C-suite compensation breakdown including salary, stock awards, options, and incentive pay. The CEO-to-employee pay ratio and Gini coefficient measure pay distribution fairness.

C-Suite Compensation

ExecutiveSalaryStockTotal
Andrew S. Rosen
Chairman–Kaplan Inc. and Executive Vice President–Graham Holdings Co.
$2,000,000 $299,923 $13,244,938
Timothy J. O’Shaughnessy
President and Chief Executive Officer
$1,200,000 $— $3,989,759
Wallace R. Cooney
Senior Vice President–Finance and Chief Financial Officer
$725,000 $374,904 $1,778,210
Jacob M. Maas
Executive Vice President
$750,000 $374,904 $1,606,843
Nicole M. Maddrey
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
$700,000 $349,620 $1,572,941

CEO Pay Ratio

72:1
CEO-to-Employee Pay Ratio
CEO Total Comp: $3,989,759
Avg Employee Cost (SGA/emp): $55,505
Employees: 19,920

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
19,920
-7.1% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$246,564
Rev: $4,911,563,000
Profit / Employee
$14,673
NI: $292,291,000
SGA / Employee
$55,505
Avg labor cost proxy

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
ROE 15.3% 14.3% 8.6% 8.2% 3.7% 3.6% 1.6% 0.6% 5.3% 3.9% 5.3% 7.2% 3.5% 5.9% 17.6% 15.2% 16.6% 17.8% 6.5% 6.6% 6.57%
ROA 8.8% 8.2% 5.1% 4.8% 2.2% 2.1% 1.0% 0.3% 3.1% 2.3% 3.0% 4.0% 1.9% 3.3% 9.7% 8.4% 9.2% 9.9% 3.6% 3.7% 3.70%
ROIC 3.1% 2.0% 1.3% 1.4% 1.6% 2.7% 1.2% 0.8% 1.5% -0.4% 1.1% 1.3% 0.7% 2.9% 3.6% 3.8% 4.6% 4.3% 3.2% 3.6% 3.62%
ROCE 14.2% 12.8% 7.7% 7.4% 3.6% 3.9% 3.3% 2.2% 6.8% 5.7% 6.1% 7.8% 6.1% 8.4% 18.7% 17.6% 17.6% 18.6% 6.5% 5.7% 5.66%
Gross Margin 33.4% 32.2% 35.0% 32.7% 32.3% 31.4% 32.7% 29.5% 30.5% 29.7% 29.2% 28.9% 29.8% 31.5% 32.1% 29.7% 31.0% 29.3% 27.5% 30.6% 30.65%
Operating Margin 4.7% -2.1% 2.6% 4.4% 4.2% 5.9% -5.2% 2.7% 5.3% -5.1% 3.5% 3.1% 2.2% 6.8% 5.8% 4.1% 6.0% 5.2% 4.8% 6.2% 6.22%
Net Margin 14.4% 4.9% 9.8% 10.5% -7.2% 3.2% 0.6% 5.1% 11.1% -2.1% 4.6% 10.8% -1.8% 6.0% 44.1% 2.0% 3.0% 9.6% 8.7% 2.4% 2.35%
EBITDA Margin 27.3% 15.2% 19.1% 21.4% -2.3% 10.9% 20.8% 13.3% 20.6% 13.5% 12.8% 20.7% 10.5% 17.4% 70.2% 13.6% 9.9% 19.3% 8.3% 7.8% 7.78%
FCF Margin 3.5% 0.4% 1.3% 1.8% 1.8% 3.5% 3.9% 3.0% 2.5% 3.4% 3.9% 3.3% 3.5% 5.6% 6.8% 7.8% 8.7% 7.4% 5.4% 5.7% 5.73%
OCF Margin 5.4% 5.4% 6.4% 6.6% 6.5% 5.6% 6.0% 5.3% 4.7% 5.4% 6.0% 5.3% 5.5% 7.5% 8.5% 9.4% 10.2% 8.9% 6.9% 7.3% 7.25%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.28%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 7.22%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.18%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.37%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 2.91%
Cash ROA snapshot only 4.30%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 6.98%
CROIC snapshot only 5.52%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 3.76%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 9.17%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 22.36%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.11%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
P/E Ratio 5.58 5.58 8.47 8.59 17.42 17.27 41.93 116.94 12.31 16.63 15.06 12.16 22.77 15.57 5.18 6.67 6.04 7.02 16.46 15.55 16.082
P/S Ratio 1.00 0.90 0.94 0.85 0.75 0.68 0.72 0.69 0.63 0.61 0.70 0.74 0.66 0.76 0.78 0.87 0.85 1.05 0.98 0.93 0.961
P/B Ratio 0.80 0.75 0.68 0.65 0.60 0.57 0.75 0.74 0.71 0.71 0.78 0.85 0.77 0.90 0.88 0.98 0.97 1.21 1.00 0.96 1.011
P/FCF 28.74 222.62 74.77 48.27 42.95 19.33 18.39 22.65 24.61 17.81 18.17 22.52 18.73 13.62 11.59 11.11 9.84 14.24 17.97 16.19 16.191
P/OCF 18.66 16.84 14.73 12.90 11.59 12.04 11.94 12.99 13.27 11.22 11.73 13.94 11.95 10.14 9.23 9.21 8.33 11.82 14.17 12.80 12.804
EV/EBITDA 3.09 3.02 4.39 4.36 6.13 6.00 6.36 7.10 4.35 4.11 5.23 4.91 5.18 5.47 2.63 3.08 3.06 3.71 8.24 8.82 8.816
EV/Revenue 1.01 0.91 0.99 0.90 0.81 0.72 0.82 0.79 0.72 0.70 0.79 0.83 0.74 0.84 0.79 0.88 0.86 1.06 1.06 1.00 1.004
EV/EBIT 3.91 4.01 6.54 6.59 12.52 11.17 18.23 26.66 8.22 9.74 9.60 8.10 9.44 7.88 3.14 3.70 3.66 4.32 11.39 12.62 12.624
EV/FCF 28.92 224.18 79.28 51.29 45.86 20.71 21.00 25.90 28.33 20.51 20.43 25.09 21.10 15.10 11.74 11.24 9.95 14.37 19.39 17.51 17.514
Earnings Yield 17.9% 17.9% 11.8% 11.6% 5.7% 5.8% 2.4% 0.9% 8.1% 6.0% 6.6% 8.2% 4.4% 6.4% 19.3% 15.0% 16.5% 14.2% 6.1% 6.4% 6.43%
FCF Yield 3.5% 0.4% 1.3% 2.1% 2.3% 5.2% 5.4% 4.4% 4.1% 5.6% 5.5% 4.4% 5.3% 7.3% 8.6% 9.0% 10.2% 7.0% 5.6% 6.2% 6.18%
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 1.523
EV/OCF snapshot only 13.850
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 3.395
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 18.045
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 1.42%
Graham Number snapshot only $1294.82
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.87 1.87 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.751
Quick Ratio 1.74 1.74 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.53 1.53 1.532
Debt/Equity 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.36 0.36 0.362
Net Debt/Equity 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.08 0.079
Debt/Assets 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.21 0.21 0.207
Debt/EBITDA 1.05 1.10 1.60 1.64 2.49 2.56 2.36 2.66 1.71 1.61 1.88 1.64 1.89 1.73 0.81 0.85 0.86 0.83 2.75 3.06 3.055
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.02 0.02 0.25 0.26 0.39 0.40 0.79 0.89 0.57 0.54 0.58 0.50 0.58 0.53 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.60 0.67 0.666
Interest Coverage 19.92 17.12 14.22 12.56 4.96 5.05 3.24 2.08 6.95 5.83 5.72 6.79 2.45 3.10 6.50 6.72 11.88 13.77 11.64 7.48 7.476
Equity Multiplier 1.71 1.71 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.75 1.75 1.751
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.977
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 10.704
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.782
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.165
Defensive Interval snapshot only 589.5 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.49 0.50 0.46 0.49 0.51 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.69 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.66 0.61 0.62 0.620
Inventory Turnover 17.27 17.90 16.14 17.24 17.98 19.10 14.43 15.04 15.78 16.25 11.84 12.20 12.44 12.61 11.21 11.21 11.24 11.50 11.58 11.71 11.708
Receivables Turnover 5.41 5.58 5.74 6.11 6.35 6.71 7.17 7.39 7.70 7.88 8.82 9.06 9.22 9.41 9.84 9.86 9.93 10.07 9.31 9.45 9.448
Payables Turnover 5.30 5.49 8.30 8.87 9.25 9.83 20.20 21.05 22.08 22.74 21.39 22.03 22.47 22.78 21.15 21.15 21.19 21.69 20.36 20.59 20.585
DSO 67 65 64 60 57 54 51 49 47 46 41 40 40 39 37 37 37 36 39 39 38.6 days
DIO 21 20 23 21 20 19 25 24 23 22 31 30 29 29 33 33 32 32 32 31 31.2 days
DPO 69 66 44 41 39 37 18 17 17 16 17 17 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 17.7 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 20 19 42 40 38 36 58 56 54 53 55 54 53 52 52 52 52 51 53 52 52.1 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 5.021
Operating Cycle snapshot only 69.8 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 3.674
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.685
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue 4.5% 8.5% 10.3% 18.1% 16.7% 19.7% 23.2% 19.3% 19.7% 15.8% 12.5% 12.2% 9.6% 9.3% 8.5% 5.9% 4.7% 4.1% 2.5% 3.7% 3.69%
Net Income 2.1% 1.4% 17.2% -24.8% -71.9% -71.1% -80.9% -92.9% 40.4% 8.6% 2.1% 10.7% -37.6% 44.8% 2.5% 1.3% 4.1% 2.2% -59.7% -52.3% -52.33%
EPS 2.2% 1.5% 22.4% -23.4% -71.1% -70.2% -80.4% -92.8% 44.3% 13.8% 2.2% 11.5% -33.2% 52.0% 2.7% 1.3% 4.1% 2.2% -60.0% -52.5% -52.52%
FCF -52.6% -95.1% -71.7% -63.8% -41.3% 9.3% 2.8% 1.1% 73.1% 13.5% 11.3% 22.3% 51.8% 77.3% 90.4% 1.5% 1.6% 38.0% -17.4% -23.8% -23.78%
EBITDA 92.4% 65.9% 3.3% -22.8% -53.1% -52.2% -29.8% -36.4% 50.9% 64.1% 31.8% 71.3% -5.0% -2.0% 1.2% 78.6% 1.1% 93.9% -56.5% -58.5% -58.52%
Op. Income 1.6% 19.5% -22.9% -33.8% -46.0% 59.7% 8.4% -14.3% 5.9% -1.2% -17.3% 7.8% -50.1% 8.0% 2.1% 1.9% 5.1% 41.4% 15.0% 21.9% 21.87%
OCF Growth snapshot only -20.06%
Asset Growth snapshot only 9.36%
Equity Growth snapshot only 12.62%
Debt Growth snapshot only 48.29%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.39%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 4.15%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 4.2% 5.1% 5.7% 7.5% 8.0% 9.2% 10.2% 10.8% 13.4% 14.6% 15.2% 16.5% 15.2% 14.9% 14.6% 12.3% 11.2% 9.6% 7.8% 7.2% 7.22%
Revenue 5Y 3.9% 4.7% 5.1% 6.6% 7.0% 7.9% 8.7% 8.7% 9.6% 10.0% 10.4% 10.7% 10.6% 10.5% 10.3% 10.1% 10.9% 11.4% 11.2% 11.7% 11.67%
EPS 3Y 21.1% 8.1% 11.9% 5.6% -19.4% -12.3% -38.9% -50.3% 10.6% -5.9% -8.0% -11.4% -34.7% -19.8% 32.6% 27.8% 70.5% 76.9% 68.2% 1.4% 1.39%
EPS 5Y 25.3% 18.7% 20.3% 5.7% 6.1% -23.9% -39.1% -5.8% -15.6% -2.3% 1.3% -12.8% 3.1% 22.1% 28.8% 36.0% 32.3% 2.7% -5.4% -5.37%
Net Income 3Y 18.2% 5.6% 9.1% 2.6% -22.0% -15.2% -41.1% -51.9% 7.0% -8.9% -11.9% -14.6% -37.3% -23.1% 27.2% 23.0% 64.8% 71.3% 63.3% 1.3% 1.32%
Net Income 5Y 22.5% 15.9% 17.2% 2.7% 3.1% -26.0% -40.7% -8.2% -18.1% -5.4% -2.2% -16.1% -0.8% 17.2% 24.0% 31.3% 28.5% -0.5% -7.8% -7.78%
EBITDA 3Y 39.8% 26.7% 15.0% 8.7% -6.9% -4.3% -8.6% -3.5% 10.9% 9.2% -1.5% -5.6% -12.4% -8.4% 26.2% 24.9% 43.4% 46.1% 7.6% 8.3% 8.28%
EBITDA 5Y 24.3% 19.2% 13.7% 15.6% 6.6% 5.9% 8.9% 4.1% 14.1% 9.8% 7.0% 6.9% 2.9% 7.1% 16.9% 22.4% 21.7% 19.9% -2.0% -9.0% -9.01%
Gross Profit 3Y -3.0% -0.8% 2.0% 6.7% 7.7% 9.6% 8.8% 8.3% 9.9% 9.5% 10.3% 10.8% 9.4% 10.1% 11.0% 9.4% 8.9% 7.0% 4.4% 5.0% 5.04%
Gross Profit 5Y -4.7% -4.1% -3.8% -2.0% -0.8% 1.0% 1.8% 1.2% 2.9% 4.1% 5.4% 7.6% 7.8% 8.7% 8.3% 8.1% 8.8% 8.3% 8.1% 8.4% 8.38%
Op. Income 3Y -8.2% -24.8% -32.0% -29.9% -28.6% -5.3% -16.6% -14.0% 14.3% -11.6% -15.1% -34.2% 22.1% 40.7% 39.7% 47.7% 17.2% 43.5% 57.1% 57.05%
Op. Income 5Y -17.3% -23.9% -20.4% -18.5% -3.9% -11.4% -17.6% -15.0% -22.4% -20.4% -28.1% -0.6% 8.3% 15.1% 35.3% 25.2% 19.8% 17.1% 17.06%
FCF 3Y -8.2% -57.4% -40.4% -21.0% -11.6% 35.4% 28.7% -0.7% -21.6% -17.2% 6.5% -3.1% 15.6% 1.7% 1.0% 84.5% 89.3% 40.6% 20.5% 32.6% 32.62%
FCF 5Y 7.3% -22.3% -27.2% -23.9% -19.5% -13.5% -5.9% -1.6% -4.7% -2.0% -2.1% 4.3% 12.7% 38.0% 35.2% 24.6% 13.5% 6.8% 13.7% 11.6% 11.63%
OCF 3Y -7.8% -11.3% -11.0% -1.0% 4.6% 7.6% 12.6% -0.3% -13.2% -11.1% 7.8% 2.9% 16.2% 28.2% 26.2% 26.5% 29.3% 27.7% 13.0% 19.2% 19.16%
OCF 5Y 4.0% 10.2% -5.0% -6.1% -2.3% -9.2% -2.5% 1.8% -0.8% -0.4% -1.7% 1.0% 5.0% 16.0% 19.8% 16.0% 10.3% 5.5% 10.0% 10.2% 10.20%
Assets 3Y 9.3% 9.3% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 8.6% 8.6% 8.61%
Assets 5Y 8.2% 8.2% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 10.9% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 8.6% 8.6% 8.6% 8.6% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.4% 5.4% 5.43%
Equity 3Y 8.8% 8.8% 14.7% 14.7% 14.7% 14.7% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% 8.7% 8.7% 8.71%
Book Value 3Y 11.5% 11.4% 17.6% 18.0% 18.4% 18.6% 7.8% 7.5% 7.5% 7.4% 6.4% 5.7% 6.2% 6.3% 3.1% 2.7% 2.3% 2.1% 12.0% 11.9% 11.94%
Dividend 3Y 2.1% 1.8% 2.7% 3.5% 4.1% 4.4% 4.3% 4.0% 3.9% 3.9% 4.7% 3.6% 3.8% 3.4% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.9% 4.1% 4.4% 4.37%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.99 0.96 0.93 0.85 0.88 0.83 0.78 0.77 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.952
Earnings Stability 0.67 0.35 0.65 0.38 0.04 0.01 0.25 0.20 0.07 0.23 0.29 0.10 0.17 0.05 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.09 0.01 0.010
Margin Stability 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.87 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.937
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.93 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.84 0.97 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.82 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 0.17 0.84 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.63 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.29 0.291
ROE Trend 0.06 0.06 -0.01 -0.02 -0.06 -0.07 -0.06 -0.09 -0.03 -0.04 0.00 0.03 -0.01 0.02 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.12 -0.05 -0.05 -0.046
Gross Margin Trend 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.006
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 -0.05 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.002
Sustainable Growth Rate 14.5% 13.4% 7.9% 7.5% 3.0% 2.8% 0.9% -0.2% 4.5% 3.1% 4.5% 6.4% 2.7% 5.2% 16.9% 14.4% 15.8% 17.0% 5.8% 5.9% 5.87%
Internal Growth Rate 9.0% 8.3% 4.9% 4.6% 1.8% 1.7% 0.5% 2.7% 1.9% 2.6% 3.7% 1.5% 3.0% 10.3% 8.7% 9.6% 10.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.42%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.30 0.33 0.57 0.67 1.50 1.43 3.51 9.00 0.93 1.48 1.28 0.87 1.91 1.54 0.56 0.72 0.73 0.59 1.16 1.21 1.214
FCF/OCF 0.65 0.08 0.20 0.27 0.27 0.62 0.65 0.57 0.54 0.63 0.65 0.62 0.64 0.74 0.80 0.83 0.85 0.83 0.79 0.79 0.791
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.960
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.637
CapEx/Revenue 1.9% 5.0% 5.1% 4.8% 4.7% 2.1% 2.1% 2.3% 2.2% 2.0% 2.1% 2.0% 2.0% 1.9% 1.7% 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.52%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.441
Accruals Ratio 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.02 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.04 -0.01 -0.01 -0.008
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.003
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 3.366
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Dividend Yield 1.0% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.67%
Dividend/Share $5.98 $5.98 $6.12 $6.21 $6.30 $6.35 $6.42 $6.46 $6.58 $6.76 $6.86 $6.89 $6.94 $6.92 $6.99 $6.99 $7.01 $7.06 $7.16 $7.26 $7.36
Payout Ratio 5.5% 5.9% 8.6% 9.0% 20.0% 21.0% 45.8% 1.3% 14.5% 19.7% 15.1% 11.1% 22.9% 13.2% 4.2% 4.9% 4.5% 4.2% 10.7% 10.7% 10.67%
FCF Payout Ratio 28.3% 2.4% 75.5% 50.8% 49.3% 23.5% 20.1% 25.2% 29.0% 21.1% 18.2% 20.5% 18.8% 11.6% 9.4% 8.1% 7.3% 8.6% 11.7% 11.1% 11.11%
Total Payout Ratio 23.7% 17.9% 24.4% 28.5% 79.1% 81.7% 1.5% 4.9% 64.1% 1.1% 1.1% 79.5% 1.5% 82.7% 19.9% 20.5% 14.5% 6.9% 11.9% 22.1% 22.15%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number 0.00 -0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.048
Buyback Yield 3.3% 2.2% 1.9% 2.3% 3.4% 3.5% 2.5% 3.1% 4.0% 5.7% 6.2% 5.6% 5.7% 4.5% 3.0% 2.3% 1.7% 0.4% 0.1% 0.7% 0.74%
Net Buyback Yield 2.6% 1.4% 1.9% 2.2% 3.3% 3.5% 2.5% 3.1% 4.0% 5.7% 6.2% 5.6% 5.7% 4.4% 3.0% 2.3% 1.7% 0.4% 0.1% 0.7% 0.74%
Total Shareholder Return 3.6% 2.5% 2.9% 3.3% 4.5% 4.7% 3.6% 4.2% 5.2% 6.8% 7.2% 6.5% 6.7% 5.3% 3.8% 3.1% 2.4% 1.0% 0.7% 1.4% 1.42%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.73 0.76 0.78 0.78 0.84 0.75 0.55 0.38 0.68 0.61 0.69 0.70 0.62 0.67 0.71 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.65 0.65 0.651
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.80 0.80 0.69 0.52 0.86 0.83 0.83 0.85 0.59 0.68 0.85 0.78 0.85 0.86 0.99 1.15 1.152
EBIT Margin 0.26 0.23 0.15 0.14 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.09 0.08 0.080
Asset Turnover 0.49 0.50 0.46 0.49 0.51 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.69 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.66 0.61 0.62 0.620
Equity Multiplier 1.75 1.75 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.78 1.78 1.776
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $108.84 $101.37 $71.53 $68.63 $31.48 $30.21 $14.02 $4.97 $45.41 $34.37 $45.47 $62.24 $30.35 $52.26 $166.93 $143.22 $155.94 $167.28 $66.75 $68.00 $68.00
Book Value/Share $754.12 $755.33 $893.86 $900.63 $908.63 $912.78 $779.65 $781.28 $791.72 $810.82 $880.56 $892.02 $903.37 $906.87 $980.57 $976.75 $973.40 $972.28 $1094.78 $1095.78 $1107.53
Tangible Book/Share $391.07 $391.70 $479.62 $483.26 $487.55 $489.77 $382.38 $383.18 $388.30 $397.67 $476.30 $482.50 $488.64 $490.53 $584.11 $581.83 $579.83 $579.17 $693.66 $694.30 $694.30
Revenue/Share $605.34 $624.89 $647.29 $693.60 $727.05 $772.49 $819.99 $846.17 $893.91 $937.00 $977.82 $1017.72 $1048.91 $1074.80 $1103.64 $1102.38 $1105.57 $1120.68 $1121.62 $1138.66 $1150.23
FCF/Share $21.12 $2.54 $8.10 $12.22 $12.76 $27.00 $31.95 $25.65 $22.70 $32.10 $37.70 $33.60 $36.91 $59.73 $74.65 $86.00 $95.83 $82.54 $61.12 $65.30 $65.96
OCF/Share $32.53 $33.56 $41.13 $45.72 $47.29 $43.32 $49.23 $44.71 $42.10 $50.95 $58.40 $54.28 $57.83 $80.25 $93.75 $103.70 $113.12 $99.41 $77.54 $82.57 $83.41
Cash/Share $202.74 $203.06 $197.14 $198.63 $200.40 $201.31 $165.43 $165.77 $167.99 $172.04 $192.01 $194.51 $196.98 $197.75 $257.91 $256.91 $256.02 $255.73 $309.65 $309.93 $255.92
EBITDA/Share $197.50 $188.59 $146.21 $143.82 $95.42 $93.16 $105.48 $93.59 $147.88 $160.11 $147.33 $171.83 $150.49 $164.76 $333.59 $313.94 $311.86 $319.93 $143.81 $129.72 $129.72
Debt/Share $206.68 $207.01 $233.72 $235.49 $237.58 $238.66 $248.64 $249.16 $252.49 $258.58 $277.47 $281.08 $284.65 $285.76 $269.37 $268.31 $267.39 $267.09 $395.97 $396.33 $396.33
Net Debt/Share $3.94 $3.95 $36.58 $36.85 $37.18 $37.35 $83.21 $83.39 $84.50 $86.54 $85.46 $86.57 $87.67 $88.01 $11.45 $11.41 $11.37 $11.36 $86.32 $86.40 $86.40
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Altman Z-Score 3.067
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 5.728
Piotroski F-Score 8 7 6 5 6 6 5 5 5 6 8 7 7 9 8 8 8 7 5 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.20 -2.27 -2.20 -2.18 -2.32 -2.27 -2.67 -2.73 -2.58 -2.70 -2.43 -2.41 -2.53 -2.56 -2.32 -2.39 -2.38 -2.25 -2.31 -2.41 -2.414
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.307
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 19.48%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-250.85
EVA snapshot only $-330018745.21
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A
Credit Score 79.34 77.73 71.30 72.60 60.99 67.48 60.88 56.81 69.91 70.31 67.06 71.42 58.30 69.27 73.62 75.80 81.34 84.42 74.63 71.42 71.415
Credit Grade snapshot only 6
Credit Trend snapshot only -4.383
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 150.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 62
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 59

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