$175.47

+6.09 (+3.60%)

Weekly Expected Move ±7.0%

$145 $157 $169 $181 $193

NASDAQ · Basic Materials · Aluminum · Alpha Radar Buy · Power 54 · $2.9B mcap · 16M float · 1.61% daily turnover · Short 55% of daily vol

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

WEAK EDGE

52.0 / 100

NoneWeakNarrowWide

Primary source: Efficient Scale · ROIC: 9.5% · 5Y Avg: 2.8%

Cost Advantage

Intangibles

Switching Cost

Network Effect

Scale ★

The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. KALU shows a Weak competitive edge (52.0/100) — limited structural advantages that may face competitive pressure. The primary source of advantage is Efficient Scale. ROIC of 9.5% suggests modest returns relative to capital deployed.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets

$176

Low

$180

Avg Target

$183

High

Based on 2 analysts since Apr 22, 2026 earnings

Analyst Recommendations

Strong Buy: 0Buy: 8Hold: 10Sell: 4Strong Sell: 0

Rating Summary

ConsensusHold

Avg Target$166.50

Analysts4

Price Target Change History

Date	Firm	Analyst	Old	New	Change	Upside @ Call	Stock@Call
2026-05-05	UBS	Alex Stansbury	Initiated	$176	—	+3.9%	$169.42
2026-04-24	KeyBanc	Samuel McKinney	$170	$183	+13	+11.0%	$164.84
2026-04-16	KeyBanc	—	Initiated	$170	—	+23.2%	$138.03
2026-04-15	Wells Fargo	—	$120	$137	+17	-3.8%	$142.46
2026-01-13	Wells Fargo	Timna Tanners	Initiated	$120	—	-5.4%	$126.82
2023-07-17	Barclays	Gaurav Jain	Initiated	$105	—	+39.1%	$75.47

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

May 22, 2026

DCF

ROE

ROA

D/E

P/E

P/B

The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. KALU receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/B (2/5).

Rating Change History

Date	From	To
2026-05-20	B+	B
2026-04-28	B	B+
2026-04-23	C-	B
2026-04-22	B-	C-
2026-02-23	B	B-
2026-02-20	A	B
2026-02-18	B+	A
2026-01-03	A-	B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 53 Grade C

Profitability

Balance Sheet

Earnings Quality

Growth

Value

Momentum

Safety

Cash Flow

The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. KALU scores highest in Momentum (87/100) and lowest in Cash Flow (30/100). A grade of C represents mixed fundamentals — strengths in some areas offset by weaknesses.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score

2.94

Grey Zone

Piotroski F-Score

6/9

✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓

Beneish M-Score

-2.19

Unlikely Manipulator

Ohlson O-Score

-7.01

Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%

Low Risk

Credit Rating

BBB

Score: 57.4/100

Trend: Improving

Earnings Quality

75/100

OCF/NI: 0.93x

Accruals: 0.5%

The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. KALU scores 2.94, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. KALU scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. KALU's score of -2.19 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. KALU's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. KALU receives an estimated rating of BBB (score: 57.4/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). KALU's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E

18.59x

PEG

0.12x

P/S

0.77x

P/B

3.25x

P/FCF

83.88x

P/OCF

14.26x

EV/EBITDA

8.26x

EV/Revenue

0.85x

EV/EBIT

12.20x

EV/FCF

129.97x

Earnings Yield

7.56%

FCF Yield

1.19%

Shareholder Yield

3.20%

Graham Number

$100.25

Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 18.6x earnings, KALU trades at a reasonable valuation. An earnings yield of 7.6% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $100.25 per share, 75% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden

0.753

NI / EBT

Interest Burden

0.789

EBT / EBIT

EBIT Margin

0.070

EBIT / Rev

Asset Turnover

1.517

Rev / Assets

Equity Multiplier

3.266

Assets / Equity

ROE

20.5%

The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. KALU's ROE of 20.5% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.27x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Adj. Growth Rate

150.58%

Fair P/E

309.67x

Intrinsic Value

$2820.16

Price/Value

0.04x

Margin of Safety

95.73%

Premium

-95.73%

Assessment

Undervalued

Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with KALU's realized 150.6% 3-year EPS CAGR — what the company actually delivered, not what analysts hope for. At an intrinsic value of $2820.16, KALU appears undervalued with a 96% margin of safety. The adjusted fair P/E of 309.7x compares to the current market P/E of 18.6x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price

$175.47

Median 1Y

$175.55

5th Pctile

$83.83

95th Pctile

$367.76

Ann. Volatility

46.4%

Analyst Target

$166.50

25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target

Executive Compensation

C-suite compensation breakdown including salary, stock awards, options, and incentive pay. The CEO-to-employee pay ratio and Gini coefficient measure pay distribution fairness.

C-Suite Compensation

Executive	Salary	Stock	Total
Keith A. Harvey, President and Chief Executive Officer	$1,000,000	$4,212,188	$7,914,836
John M. Donnan, Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel	$558,300	$1,045,213	$2,669,122
Neal E. West, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	$574,275	$1,103,234	$2,642,477
Thomas H. Robb, Senior Vice President - Manufacturing	$517,200	$834,754	$2,505,957
Jason D. Walsh, Former Executive Vice President - Manufacturing	$464,750	$690,020	$2,040,330
Blain A. Tiffany, Advisor to the CEO; Former Executive Vice President - Sales and Marketing	$478,575	$503,161	$1,847,323

CEO Pay Ratio

235:1

CEO-to-Employee Pay Ratio

CEO Total Comp: $7,914,836

Avg Employee Cost (SGA/emp): $33,646

Employees: 3,840

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees

3,840

-4.0% YoY

Revenue / Employee

$878,385

Rev: $3,373,000,000

Profit / Employee

$29,297

NI: $112,500,000

SGA / Employee

$33,646

Avg labor cost proxy

R&D / Employee

$33,646

Innovation spend

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
ROE	-1.6%	-2.0%	-2.6%	-2.1%	-0.9%	-0.2%	-4.5%	-3.3%	1.6%	2.0%	7.4%	7.7%	7.8%	8.8%	8.5%	9.0%	9.7%	13.8%	15.1%	20.5%	20.53%
ROA	-0.7%	-0.8%	-0.9%	-0.7%	-0.3%	-0.1%	-1.3%	-0.9%	0.4%	0.6%	2.1%	2.2%	2.2%	2.5%	2.5%	2.6%	2.8%	4.0%	4.6%	6.3%	6.29%
ROIC	5.6%	6.3%	3.4%	3.9%	-7.9%	-6.2%	1.4%	1.1%	3.5%	4.9%	4.9%	5.1%	4.9%	4.7%	4.3%	5.0%	5.1%	6.7%	7.3%	9.5%	9.51%
ROCE	1.3%	1.7%	2.7%	3.1%	4.1%	3.9%	0.6%	1.0%	3.1%	3.2%	5.4%	5.6%	5.7%	6.2%	6.2%	6.5%	6.8%	8.6%	9.4%	12.1%	12.06%
Gross Margin	9.1%	9.7%	8.9%	8.7%	3.0%	7.2%	3.9%	9.5%	11.8%	10.5%	11.3%	11.7%	13.4%	10.2%	10.4%	13.4%	8.6%	9.8%	10.0%	12.0%	12.03%
Operating Margin	1.5%	2.6%	2.1%	2.7%	-0.2%	0.4%	0.4%	2.4%	4.4%	2.6%	3.0%	3.3%	4.7%	2.3%	2.9%	5.3%	4.6%	5.8%	6.5%	8.8%	8.84%
Net Margin	-3.0%	-0.3%	0.2%	0.9%	-1.4%	0.3%	-3.4%	2.0%	2.2%	0.7%	1.1%	2.5%	2.4%	1.6%	0.9%	2.8%	2.8%	4.7%	3.0%	5.6%	5.65%
EBITDA Margin	0.0%	5.8%	8.8%	5.4%	2.2%	5.5%	0.4%	7.4%	7.4%	6.0%	6.8%	8.7%	8.4%	7.5%	6.8%	9.0%	8.7%	10.9%	9.5%	11.6%	11.58%
FCF Margin	4.9%	2.2%	0.8%	0.5%	-0.1%	-3.6%	-6.0%	-7.3%	-6.4%	-1.5%	2.2%	5.4%	4.0%	1.7%	-0.5%	-0.9%	-1.2%	0.4%	-0.8%	0.7%	0.65%
OCF Margin	7.3%	4.3%	3.0%	2.8%	2.4%	-0.4%	-1.8%	-2.6%	-0.7%	4.2%	6.9%	9.8%	8.5%	6.6%	5.5%	5.2%	4.8%	5.5%	3.3%	3.8%	3.84%
ROE 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				11.69%
ROE 5Y Avg	snapshot only																				5.90%
ROA 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				3.58%
ROIC 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				4.84%
ROIC Economic	snapshot only																				9.51%
Cash ROA	snapshot only																				5.55%
Cash ROIC	snapshot only																				7.33%
CROIC	snapshot only																				1.25%
NOPAT Margin	snapshot only																				4.99%
Pretax Margin	snapshot only																				5.50%
R&D / Revenue	snapshot only																				4.45%
SGA / Revenue	snapshot only																				3.57%
SBC / Revenue	snapshot only																				0.00%

Valuation

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
P/E Ratio	-141.83	-102.25	-68.63	-87.08	-172.82	-573.73	-36.16	-49.14	100.99	83.98	22.30	27.36	27.10	19.84	19.61	16.20	20.23	13.91	17.11	13.23	18.586
P/S Ratio	1.03	0.70	0.48	0.40	0.31	0.25	0.31	0.33	0.33	0.35	0.34	0.45	0.46	0.38	0.36	0.32	0.42	0.40	0.57	0.55	0.774
P/B Ratio	2.25	2.00	1.83	1.87	1.57	1.24	1.70	1.70	1.65	1.76	1.61	2.08	2.08	1.73	1.65	1.44	1.94	1.90	2.33	2.46	3.250
P/FCF	20.88	32.57	59.33	86.50	-272.19	-7.00	-5.21	-4.46	-5.15	-23.58	15.32	8.29	11.37	22.50	-80.43	-34.23	-33.58	97.78	-75.47	83.88	83.879
P/OCF	14.07	16.34	15.99	14.07	13.36	—	—	—	—	8.33	4.97	4.58	5.35	5.68	6.59	6.00	8.60	7.25	17.27	14.26	14.265
EV/EBITDA	19.94	14.69	14.25	12.60	10.06	8.94	17.92	16.75	12.61	12.81	9.63	10.82	10.61	9.08	9.17	8.38	9.45	8.18	9.42	8.26	8.260
EV/Revenue	1.09	0.75	0.79	0.64	0.54	0.48	0.61	0.64	0.66	0.68	0.66	0.78	0.79	0.71	0.72	0.66	0.76	0.73	0.90	0.85	0.850
EV/EBIT	79.14	54.10	38.81	34.69	23.50	21.42	202.17	107.88	35.37	35.80	19.86	22.24	21.80	18.10	18.18	16.37	18.04	14.18	15.19	12.20	12.196
EV/FCF	22.10	34.70	96.29	139.24	-469.97	-13.43	-10.23	-8.76	-10.27	-45.55	29.83	14.39	19.72	42.44	-158.54	-72.18	-61.37	180.10	-119.21	129.97	129.974
Earnings Yield	-0.7%	-1.0%	-1.5%	-1.1%	-0.6%	-0.2%	-2.8%	-2.0%	1.0%	1.2%	4.5%	3.7%	3.7%	5.0%	5.1%	6.2%	4.9%	7.2%	5.8%	7.6%	7.56%
FCF Yield	4.8%	3.1%	1.7%	1.2%	-0.4%	-14.3%	-19.2%	-22.4%	-19.4%	-4.2%	6.5%	12.1%	8.8%	4.4%	-1.2%	-2.9%	-3.0%	1.0%	-1.3%	1.2%	1.19%
PEG Ratio	snapshot only																				0.120
Price/Tangible Book	snapshot only																				2.649
EV/OCF	snapshot only																				22.104
EV/Gross Profit	snapshot only																				8.297
Acquirers Multiple	snapshot only																				12.828
Shareholder Yield	snapshot only																				3.20%
Graham Number	snapshot only																				$100.25

Leverage & Solvency

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Current Ratio	7.08	7.08	2.64	2.64	2.64	2.64	2.49	2.49	2.49	2.49	2.68	2.68	2.68	2.68	2.44	2.44	2.44	2.44	2.95	2.95	2.953
Quick Ratio	6.12	6.12	1.75	1.75	1.75	1.75	1.24	1.24	1.24	1.24	1.39	1.39	1.39	1.39	1.18	1.18	1.18	1.18	1.26	1.26	1.255
Debt/Equity	1.20	1.20	1.58	1.58	1.58	1.58	1.73	1.73	1.73	1.73	1.65	1.65	1.65	1.65	1.63	1.63	1.63	1.63	1.36	1.36	1.359
Net Debt/Equity	0.13	0.13	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.64	1.64	1.64	1.64	1.53	1.53	1.53	1.53	1.60	1.60	1.60	1.60	1.35	1.35	1.350
Debt/Assets	0.47	0.47	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.47	0.47	0.47	0.47	0.44	0.44	0.438
Debt/EBITDA	10.04	8.26	7.57	6.60	5.86	5.92	9.29	8.68	6.63	6.52	5.07	4.97	4.86	4.62	4.60	4.48	4.35	3.80	3.48	2.95	2.948
Net Debt/EBITDA	1.10	0.90	5.47	4.77	4.24	4.28	8.80	8.22	6.28	6.18	4.69	4.59	4.49	4.27	4.52	4.41	4.28	3.74	3.46	2.93	2.929
Interest Coverage	0.45	0.58	1.07	1.22	1.63	1.58	0.22	0.41	1.22	1.27	2.20	2.27	2.37	2.62	2.73	2.86	2.92	3.55	3.99	4.84	4.839
Equity Multiplier	2.55	2.55	3.50	3.50	3.50	3.50	3.63	3.63	3.63	3.63	3.48	3.48	3.48	3.48	3.47	3.47	3.47	3.47	3.10	3.10	3.105
Cash Ratio	snapshot only																				0.016
Debt Service Coverage	snapshot only																				7.144
Cash to Debt	snapshot only																				0.006
FCF to Debt	snapshot only																				0.022
Defensive Interval	snapshot only																				1346.8 days

Efficiency & Turnover

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Asset Turnover	0.94	1.23	1.22	1.51	1.61	1.61	1.46	1.40	1.34	1.33	1.36	1.32	1.31	1.31	1.32	1.34	1.36	1.40	1.38	1.52	1.517
Inventory Turnover	8.29	11.14	8.44	10.61	11.51	11.57	6.95	6.66	6.22	6.15	5.50	5.34	5.24	5.25	5.46	5.51	5.67	5.86	4.92	5.41	5.408
Receivables Turnover	8.60	11.27	9.63	11.92	12.70	12.70	9.12	8.74	8.37	8.36	9.07	8.86	8.74	8.75	9.38	9.50	9.66	9.95	8.67	9.51	9.514
Payables Turnover	15.34	20.61	10.73	13.49	14.65	14.72	9.85	9.44	8.80	8.71	9.88	9.59	9.42	9.44	10.31	10.40	10.71	11.06	11.17	12.27	12.274
DSO	42	32	38	31	29	29	40	42	44	44	40	41	42	42	39	38	38	37	42	38	38.4 days
DIO	44	33	43	34	32	32	53	55	59	59	66	68	70	69	67	66	64	62	74	67	67.5 days
DPO	24	18	34	27	25	25	37	39	41	42	37	38	39	39	35	35	34	33	33	30	29.7 days
Cash Conversion Cycle	63	47	47	38	36	35	55	58	61	61	70	72	73	73	70	70	68	66	84	76	76.1 days
Fixed Asset Turnover	snapshot only																				3.171
Operating Cycle	snapshot only																				105.9 days
Cash Velocity	snapshot only																				528.914
Capital Intensity	snapshot only																				0.693

Growth (YoY)

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Revenue	14.7%	64.5%	1.2%	1.9%	1.2%	65.7%	30.7%	1.2%	-9.1%	-9.2%	-9.9%	-8.2%	-5.4%	-5.1%	-2.0%	1.6%	4.6%	7.7%	11.5%	20.8%	20.84%
Net Income	-1.3%	-2.2%	-1.6%	-4.5%	45.7%	89.5%	-60.0%	-46.3%	2.6%	9.8%	2.6%	3.3%	3.9%	3.3%	19.1%	20.4%	27.5%	61.2%	1.0%	1.6%	1.57%
EPS	-1.3%	-2.2%	-1.6%	-4.5%	45.9%	89.6%	-59.1%	-45.8%	2.6%	9.7%	2.6%	3.3%	3.8%	3.2%	16.9%	19.2%	27.1%	58.5%	95.0%	1.5%	1.51%
FCF	-59.5%	-74.0%	-86.2%	-85.5%	-1.1%	-3.7%	-10.6%	-17.0%	-49.5%	61.8%	1.3%	1.7%	1.6%	2.1%	-1.2%	-1.2%	-1.3%	-74.0%	-86.1%	1.9%	1.86%
EBITDA	-50.0%	-28.2%	8.6%	57.5%	1.1%	74.2%	-18.9%	-24.2%	-12.0%	-9.6%	81.3%	73.0%	35.1%	39.8%	11.3%	11.7%	12.7%	22.6%	36.2%	56.8%	56.84%
Op. Income	-41.6%	-8.2%	-20.6%	38.7%	1.4%	-35.4%	-54.5%	-68.1%	2.5%	80.4%	2.3%	3.4%	65.8%	29.0%	4.4%	15.9%	17.4%	50.9%	88.8%	1.1%	1.09%
OCF Growth	snapshot only																				-11.50%
Asset Growth	snapshot only																				10.80%
Equity Growth	snapshot only																				23.67%
Debt Growth	snapshot only																				3.12%
Shares Change	snapshot only																				2.71%
Dividend Growth	snapshot only																				27.25%

Growth (CAGR)

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Revenue 3Y	2.3%	10.4%	18.2%	26.8%	30.6%	31.1%	31.3%	30.2%	31.3%	35.3%	38.1%	38.8%	23.2%	12.6%	4.9%	-1.9%	-3.5%	-2.5%	-0.5%	4.0%	4.05%
Revenue 5Y	3.7%	9.7%	14.5%	19.3%	20.5%	20.2%	19.7%	18.1%	16.1%	15.2%	14.2%	13.6%	13.9%	14.2%	14.8%	15.5%	17.5%	20.4%	23.5%	26.8%	26.85%
EPS 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	-35.3%	1.8%	17.4%	1.3%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
EPS 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	-26.7%	-23.7%	-12.3%	-11.9%	-11.7%	-10.3%	-2.5%	-1.6%	10.4%	48.0%	29.8%	1.0%	1.03%
Net Income 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	-34.9%	2.4%	17.9%	1.3%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Net Income 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	-27.4%	-24.2%	-12.4%	-12.0%	-11.5%	-10.0%	-1.9%	-1.1%	11.4%	49.4%	31.3%	1.1%	1.05%
EBITDA 3Y	-23.2%	-17.2%	-7.5%	-4.5%	-0.4%	-1.9%	-15.5%	-14.3%	-2.0%	4.2%	16.9%	27.4%	36.5%	30.1%	17.9%	13.6%	10.2%	15.7%	40.1%	44.7%	44.73%
EBITDA 5Y	-16.3%	-12.4%	-7.8%	-6.5%	-1.9%	-3.2%	-11.1%	-7.8%	-3.1%	-2.2%	3.1%	2.7%	3.3%	3.6%	4.0%	4.0%	7.5%	14.1%	19.4%	29.3%	29.34%
Gross Profit 3Y	-3.7%	0.8%	4.3%	5.9%	1.2%	-2.0%	-9.3%	-11.9%	-1.5%	3.7%	12.8%	17.6%	15.5%	11.2%	8.0%	7.1%	8.8%	12.4%	21.3%	26.0%	26.00%
Gross Profit 5Y	-3.9%	-1.8%	-1.1%	-0.3%	-1.1%	-3.1%	-6.3%	-5.4%	0.2%	2.7%	6.6%	6.6%	7.2%	6.6%	5.6%	5.5%	4.2%	6.0%	8.6%	12.5%	12.52%
Op. Income 3Y	-27.1%	-23.3%	-23.5%	-21.4%	-26.0%	-34.6%	-38.5%	-43.5%	-15.3%	2.3%	5.7%	24.5%	19.9%	14.5%	15.8%	17.2%	25.9%	52.0%	86.1%	1.2%	1.19%
Op. Income 5Y	-19.9%	-16.9%	-18.4%	-17.7%	-16.4%	-22.8%	-27.9%	-29.0%	-16.6%	-12.0%	-7.8%	-7.5%	-7.2%	-8.2%	-4.5%	-1.8%	3.4%	15.8%	18.4%	36.2%	36.16%
FCF 3Y	-0.8%	-3.5%	-34.5%	-42.5%	—	—	—	—	—	—	-23.8%	16.6%	14.9%	3.7%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
FCF 5Y	-4.7%	-9.6%	-24.7%	-28.8%	—	—	—	—	—	—	-2.0%	15.7%	11.8%	-17.4%	—	—	—	-40.4%	—	-25.2%	-25.18%
OCF 3Y	-8.5%	-9.9%	-19.1%	-14.4%	-15.8%	—	—	—	—	-16.6%	0.8%	27.3%	29.5%	30.3%	28.2%	20.4%	22.7%	—	—	—	—
OCF 5Y	-8.5%	-10.6%	-13.5%	-8.9%	-13.2%	—	—	—	—	1.7%	7.1%	15.0%	13.2%	0.7%	-6.4%	-9.3%	-10.1%	-5.2%	-11.6%	-0.1%	-0.11%
Assets 3Y	10.4%	10.4%	19.5%	19.5%	19.5%	19.5%	14.5%	14.5%	14.5%	14.5%	6.7%	6.7%	6.7%	6.7%	-1.5%	-1.5%	-1.5%	-1.5%	3.9%	3.9%	3.87%
Assets 5Y	8.3%	8.3%	10.9%	10.9%	10.9%	10.9%	10.6%	10.6%	10.6%	10.6%	9.8%	9.8%	9.8%	9.8%	8.7%	8.7%	8.7%	8.7%	6.6%	6.6%	6.58%
Equity 3Y	-0.6%	-0.6%	-2.2%	-2.2%	-2.2%	-2.2%	-4.9%	-4.9%	-4.9%	-4.9%	-3.8%	-3.8%	-3.8%	-3.8%	-1.2%	-1.2%	-1.2%	-1.2%	9.4%	9.4%	9.38%
Book Value 3Y	1.6%	1.3%	-1.7%	-1.5%	-1.5%	-2.0%	-5.1%	-5.1%	-5.5%	-5.5%	-4.2%	-4.3%	-4.9%	-4.7%	-2.1%	-1.9%	-2.3%	-2.4%	7.6%	7.7%	7.74%
Dividend 3Y	5.2%	4.6%	3.0%	3.4%	3.3%	2.8%	2.1%	1.6%	0.5%	0.0%	-0.3%	-0.2%	-0.8%	-0.7%	-0.8%	-0.4%	-0.8%	6.9%	6.4%	6.7%	6.74%

Growth Quality

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Revenue Stability	0.44	0.36	0.32	0.33	0.48	0.58	0.61	0.57	0.63	0.68	0.66	0.56	0.60	0.67	0.68	0.54	0.49	0.53	0.61	0.75	0.753
Earnings Stability	0.62	0.61	0.65	0.63	0.70	0.68	0.71	0.61	0.55	0.46	0.38	0.32	0.15	0.06	0.00	0.02	0.33	0.70	0.54	0.72	0.722
Margin Stability	0.85	0.79	0.74	0.71	0.67	0.63	0.57	0.56	0.60	0.59	0.57	0.58	0.68	0.68	0.63	0.58	0.58	0.57	0.56	0.60	0.600
Rev. Growth Consistency	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	1.00	1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.50	0.00	0.00	1.00	1.00	0.50	0.50	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.000
FCF Positive Streak	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Earnings Persistence	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.89	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.500
Earnings Smoothness	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.00	0.00	0.83	0.81	0.76	0.53	0.33	0.12	0.119
ROE Trend	-0.10	-0.09	-0.09	-0.07	-0.03	-0.00	-0.05	-0.03	0.03	0.03	0.11	0.10	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.08	0.06	0.10	0.103
Gross Margin Trend	-0.03	-0.06	-0.08	-0.10	-0.09	-0.09	-0.09	-0.08	-0.03	-0.01	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.00	-0.01	-0.01	-0.013
FCF Margin Trend	-0.04	-0.09	-0.11	-0.11	-0.10	-0.11	-0.13	-0.12	-0.09	-0.01	0.05	0.09	0.07	0.04	0.01	0.00	-0.00	0.00	-0.02	-0.02	-0.016
Sustainable Growth Rate	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	-6.0%	-5.6%	-0.5%	-0.2%	-0.1%	0.9%	0.8%	1.3%	1.9%	4.1%	6.5%	11.8%	11.85%
Internal Growth Rate	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.3%	0.2%	0.4%	0.6%	1.2%	2.0%	3.8%	3.76%

Cash Flow Quality

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
OCF/Net Income	-10.08	-6.26	-4.29	-6.19	-12.94	8.33	2.13	3.89	-2.17	10.08	4.49	5.97	5.06	3.49	2.97	2.70	2.35	1.92	0.99	0.93	0.928
FCF/OCF	0.67	0.50	0.27	0.16	-0.05	9.84	3.26	2.83	9.05	-0.35	0.32	0.55	0.47	0.25	-0.08	-0.18	-0.26	0.07	-0.23	0.17	0.170
FCF/Net Income	snapshot only																				0.158
OCF/EBITDA	snapshot only																				0.374
CapEx/Revenue	2.4%	2.1%	2.2%	2.4%	2.5%	3.2%	4.2%	4.7%	5.7%	5.7%	4.6%	4.4%	4.5%	5.0%	6.0%	6.2%	6.1%	5.1%	4.1%	3.2%	3.19%
CapEx/Depreciation	snapshot only																				0.961
Accruals Ratio	-0.08	-0.06	-0.05	-0.05	-0.04	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01	-0.05	-0.07	-0.11	-0.09	-0.06	-0.05	-0.04	-0.04	-0.04	0.00	0.00	0.005
Sloan Accruals	snapshot only																				0.056
Cash Flow Adequacy	snapshot only																				0.778
Earnings Quality Score	snapshot only																				0.750

Dividends & Buybacks

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Dividend Yield	2.7%	3.1%	3.7%	3.7%	4.4%	5.7%	4.7%	4.7%	4.8%	4.5%	4.8%	3.7%	3.7%	4.5%	4.6%	5.3%	4.0%	5.0%	3.3%	3.2%	1.76%
Dividend/Share	$2.84	$2.88	$2.95	$2.96	$3.04	$3.08	$3.14	$3.11	$3.12	$3.11	$3.15	$3.11	$3.09	$3.10	$3.11	$3.11	$3.11	$3.86	$3.83	$3.85	$3.08
Payout Ratio	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.9%	3.8%	1.1%	1.0%	1.0%	89.4%	90.2%	85.6%	80.0%	70.1%	57.1%	42.3%	42.31%
FCF Payout Ratio	57.0%	1.0%	2.2%	3.2%	—	—	—	—	—	—	73.4%	30.9%	42.4%	1.0%	—	—	—	4.9%	—	2.7%	2.68%
Total Payout Ratio	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	5.1%	3.9%	1.1%	1.0%	1.0%	89.4%	90.2%	85.6%	80.0%	70.1%	57.1%	42.3%	42.31%
Div. Increase Streak	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Chowder Number	0.12	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.14	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.31	0.30	0.30	0.305
Buyback Yield	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00%
Net Buyback Yield	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00%
Total Shareholder Return	2.9%	3.3%	3.9%	3.8%	4.6%	6.1%	4.9%	4.9%	5.1%	4.7%	5.0%	3.8%	3.7%	4.5%	4.6%	5.3%	4.0%	5.0%	3.3%	3.2%	3.20%

DuPont Factors

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT)	0.41	0.65	0.77	0.89	-1.97	-2.14	0.78	0.76	0.96	1.05	0.84	0.84	0.80	0.78	0.74	0.74	0.74	0.77	0.75	0.75	0.753
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT)	-1.29	-0.76	-0.45	-0.28	0.04	0.01	-3.64	-1.46	0.18	0.21	0.55	0.56	0.58	0.62	0.63	0.65	0.66	0.72	0.75	0.79	0.789
EBIT Margin	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.070
Asset Turnover	0.94	1.23	1.22	1.51	1.61	1.61	1.46	1.40	1.34	1.33	1.36	1.32	1.31	1.31	1.32	1.34	1.36	1.40	1.38	1.52	1.517
Equity Multiplier	2.31	2.31	3.01	3.01	3.01	3.01	3.56	3.56	3.56	3.56	3.55	3.55	3.55	3.55	3.47	3.47	3.47	3.47	3.27	3.27	3.266

Per Share

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
EPS (Diluted TTM)	$-0.73	$-0.90	$-1.17	$-0.93	$-0.40	$-0.09	$-1.86	$-1.35	$0.64	$0.82	$2.95	$3.05	$3.06	$3.47	$3.44	$3.63	$3.88	$5.50	$6.71	$9.11	$9.11
Book Value/Share	$46.25	$46.20	$43.69	$43.18	$43.56	$43.20	$39.60	$39.21	$39.25	$39.07	$40.72	$40.18	$39.77	$39.93	$40.93	$40.73	$40.59	$40.21	$49.31	$49.04	$53.99
Tangible Book/Share	$43.38	$43.33	$36.94	$36.51	$36.83	$36.53	$34.95	$34.61	$34.64	$34.49	$36.43	$35.95	$35.58	$35.71	$36.99	$36.81	$36.68	$36.34	$45.74	$45.49	$45.49
Revenue/Share	$100.58	$131.69	$165.40	$202.44	$217.62	$215.75	$215.04	$204.19	$195.65	$194.46	$192.75	$185.88	$181.50	$182.45	$185.31	$186.83	$189.20	$193.20	$201.33	$219.81	$227.87
FCF/Share	$4.98	$2.83	$1.35	$0.94	$-0.25	$-7.67	$-12.90	$-14.92	$-12.55	$-2.91	$4.29	$10.07	$7.28	$3.06	$-0.84	$-1.72	$-2.34	$0.78	$-1.52	$1.44	$1.49
OCF/Share	$7.38	$5.65	$5.01	$5.75	$5.13	$-0.78	$-3.96	$-5.27	$-1.39	$8.24	$13.23	$18.21	$15.47	$12.12	$10.24	$9.81	$9.14	$10.56	$6.65	$8.45	$8.76
Cash/Share	$49.28	$49.22	$19.13	$18.91	$19.07	$18.92	$3.60	$3.57	$3.57	$3.55	$5.14	$5.08	$5.03	$5.04	$1.13	$1.12	$1.12	$1.11	$0.42	$0.42	$1.85
EBITDA/Share	$5.51	$6.69	$9.12	$10.33	$11.75	$11.53	$7.36	$7.80	$10.22	$10.34	$13.28	$13.39	$13.53	$14.30	$14.51	$14.81	$15.20	$17.23	$19.26	$22.61	$22.61
Debt/Share	$55.33	$55.27	$69.03	$68.23	$68.83	$68.27	$68.36	$67.70	$67.75	$67.46	$67.38	$66.49	$65.81	$66.06	$66.70	$66.38	$66.14	$65.52	$67.00	$66.64	$66.64
Net Debt/Share	$6.06	$6.05	$49.91	$49.33	$49.76	$49.35	$64.76	$64.13	$64.19	$63.90	$62.23	$61.41	$60.78	$61.02	$65.57	$65.25	$65.02	$64.42	$66.58	$66.23	$66.23

Academic Models

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Altman Z-Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.944
Altman Z-Prime	snapshot only																				4.217
Piotroski F-Score	5	6	4	4	5	3	1	2	3	5	6	6	6	5	5	7	6	6	6	6	6
Beneish M-Score	-1.40	-1.19	0.18	0.15	0.23	-0.18	-6.06	-2.48	-2.93	-3.01	-3.29	-3.19	-3.04	-2.81	-2.67	-2.78	-2.39	-2.68	-2.33	-2.19	-2.195
Ohlson O-Score	snapshot only																				-7.010
ROIC (Greenblatt)	snapshot only																				12.88%
Net-Net WC	snapshot only																				$-28.33
EVA	snapshot only																				$-9416974.46

Credit

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Credit Rating	snapshot only																				BBB
Credit Score	42.74	42.68	35.43	36.24	37.88	39.05	29.40	29.96	34.31	35.41	45.09	48.77	46.74	45.07	44.65	44.15	44.41	50.85	55.29	57.43	57.426
Credit Grade	snapshot only																				9
Credit Trend	snapshot only																				13.280
Implied Spread (bps)	snapshot only																				275.000
Industry Credit Rank	snapshot only																				42
Sector Credit Rank	snapshot only																				52

KALU NASDAQ

Edge Score

Analyst Insights

Financial Rating

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Risk & Quality Signals

Valuation

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Profitability Trends

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Earnings Stability

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Executive Compensation

C-Suite Compensation

CEO Pay Ratio

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Scaling Efficiency

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