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OSPN NASDAQ

OneSpan Inc.
1W: +5.2% 1M: +9.5% 3M: +12.7% YTD: +12.9% 1Y: -8.6% 3Y: -26.5% 5Y: -48.9%
$13.12
+0.30 (+2.34%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±4.0%
$11 $12 $12 $13 $13
NASDAQ · Technology · Software - Infrastructure · Alpha Radar Buy · Power 66 · $486.4M mcap · 36M float · 1.72% daily turnover · Short 70% of daily vol

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

WEAK EDGE
51.3 / 100
NoneWeakNarrowWide
Primary source: Cost Advantage  ·  ROIC: 35.3%  ·  5Y Avg: 7.3%
Cost Advantage ★
67
Intangibles
59
Switching Cost
45
Network Effect
34
Scale
45
The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. OSPN shows a Weak competitive edge (51.3/100) — limited structural advantages that may face competitive pressure. The primary source of advantage is Cost Advantage. ROIC of 35.3% confirms the company is generating returns well above its cost of capital — a hallmark of durable competitive advantages.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$0
Low
$13
Avg Target
$13
High
Based on 1 analyst ratings (12 mo)
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 10Hold: 5Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$13.00
Analysts1
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2025-10-31 D.A. Davidson Rudy Kessinger Initiated $13 +12.3% $11.58
2024-10-31 Rosenblatt Securities Catharine Trebnick Initiated $18 +23.6% $14.56

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

S-
May 22, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
4
P/E
4
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. OSPN receives an overall rating of S-. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5), D/E (4/5), P/E (4/5), P/B (4/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-02-27 A+ S-
2026-02-18 A A+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

70 Grade A
Profitability
87
Balance Sheet
88
Earnings Quality
58
Growth
57
Value
79
Momentum
69
Safety
90
Cash Flow
64
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. OSPN scores highest in Safety (90/100) and lowest in Growth (57/100). An overall grade of A places OSPN among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
3.83
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
Beneish M-Score
-2.31
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.92
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA+
Score: 91.7/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 0.82x
Accruals: 3.5%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. OSPN scores 3.83, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. OSPN scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. OSPN's score of -2.31 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. OSPN's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. OSPN receives an estimated rating of AA+ (score: 91.7/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). OSPN's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
7.05x
PEG
0.30x
P/S
1.98x
P/B
1.81x
P/FCF
8.60x
P/OCF
7.02x
EV/EBITDA
5.58x
EV/Revenue
1.37x
EV/EBIT
7.22x
EV/FCF
7.22x
Earnings Yield
17.45%
FCF Yield
11.63%
Shareholder Yield
9.60%
Graham Number
$17.18
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 7.1x earnings, OSPN trades at a deep value multiple. An earnings yield of 17.5% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $17.18 per share, suggesting a potential 31% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
1.524
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.986
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.190
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.667
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.520
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
28.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. OSPN's ROE of 28.9% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.667), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 1.52 indicates minimal tax leakage — the company retains over 90% of pre-tax earnings.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Adj. Growth Rate
23.41%
Fair P/E
55.31x
Intrinsic Value
$101.65
Price/Value
0.10x
Margin of Safety
89.64%
Premium
-89.64%
Assessment
Undervalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with OSPN's realized 23.4% 3-year EPS CAGR — what the company actually delivered, not what analysts hope for. At an intrinsic value of $101.65, OSPN appears undervalued with a 90% margin of safety. The adjusted fair P/E of 55.3x compares to the current market P/E of 7.1x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$13.12
Median 1Y
$10.71
5th Pctile
$4.18
95th Pctile
$27.60
Ann. Volatility
55.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical

Executive Compensation

C-suite compensation breakdown including salary, stock awards, options, and incentive pay. The CEO-to-employee pay ratio and Gini coefficient measure pay distribution fairness.

C-Suite Compensation

ExecutiveSalaryStockTotal
Interim
nt and Chief Executive Officer and former Interim Chief Executive Officer
$764,615 $5,161,000 $7,116,820
Former President and Chief Executive Officer
$11,154 $— $1,137,291
Financial
ancial Officer
$415,090 $340,775 $1,109,435
Counsel
Counsel
$353,100 $340,775 $962,775
Technology
nology Officer
$18,750 $550,004 $568,754

CEO Pay Ratio

27:1
CEO-to-Employee Pay Ratio
CEO Total Comp: $7,116,820
Avg Employee Cost (SGA/emp): $268,530
Employees: 345

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
345
-39.6% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$704,870
Rev: $243,180,000
Profit / Employee
$211,316
NI: $72,904,000
SGA / Employee
$268,530
Avg labor cost proxy
R&D / Employee
$99,003
Innovation spend

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
ROE -7.4% -7.1% -12.8% -6.8% -7.9% -10.5% -6.8% -13.2% -17.2% -15.8% -16.4% -4.4% 9.0% 15.9% 30.7% 31.3% 32.2% 31.3% 30.1% 28.9% 28.89%
ROA -5.1% -4.9% -8.5% -4.5% -5.3% -7.0% -4.3% -8.3% -10.7% -9.8% -9.5% -2.6% 5.2% 9.2% 18.2% 18.5% 19.1% 18.5% 19.8% 19.0% 19.00%
ROIC -11.5% -11.4% -15.7% -15.7% -15.3% -17.5% -18.6% -17.8% -24.4% -23.8% -18.5% -4.2% 12.1% 23.6% 39.7% 40.3% 42.2% 39.7% 35.6% 35.3% 35.25%
ROCE -7.5% -7.4% -10.3% -9.2% -7.9% -6.8% -6.2% -6.5% -9.4% -9.0% -6.6% 6.6% 18.8% 24.6% 22.1% 23.0% 23.5% 21.9% 17.3% 16.5% 16.45%
Gross Margin 66.6% 69.6% 57.9% 69.9% 67.3% 67.2% 67.0% 68.2% 61.5% 69.1% 69.1% 73.1% 66.2% 73.9% 74.0% 74.3% 73.5% 73.6% 61.7% 73.6% 73.57%
Operating Margin -16.9% -3.9% -10.1% -17.6% -15.6% -9.8% -7.1% -14.1% -31.9% -8.1% 2.9% 21.8% 12.5% 20.0% 19.3% 27.1% 17.6% 14.4% 22.5% 22.9% 22.90%
Net Margin -12.8% -1.9% -23.3% 9.9% -17.7% -12.6% -5.5% -14.5% -31.9% -7.0% 0.7% 20.8% 10.8% 14.7% 47.1% 22.9% 13.9% 11.4% 69.2% 17.5% 17.54%
EBITDA Margin -12.6% 0.3% -6.4% -8.6% -6.8% 4.4% -2.0% -10.6% -18.7% 5.8% 12.7% 27.3% 18.7% 24.7% 25.9% 31.1% 21.7% 19.2% 26.7% 29.7% 29.67%
FCF Margin 4.6% 0.5% -2.3% -2.0% -8.0% -6.9% -4.9% -1.8% -5.0% -7.6% -9.9% -3.9% 5.5% 14.5% 19.1% 20.8% 22.7% 20.8% 20.3% 19.0% 18.98%
OCF Margin 5.7% 1.5% -1.3% -1.2% -7.0% -5.4% -2.6% 1.7% -0.4% -2.6% -4.6% 1.2% 10.1% 18.9% 22.9% 24.0% 25.8% 24.1% 24.0% 23.2% 23.23%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 16.02%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 5.38%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 10.66%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 27.25%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 26.78%
Cash ROA snapshot only 14.35%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 27.51%
CROIC snapshot only 22.48%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 29.76%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 18.68%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 14.37%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 38.77%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 2.82%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
P/E Ratio -50.96 -38.85 -21.16 -34.23 -24.52 -13.19 -29.97 -24.26 -15.96 -12.64 -13.98 -54.35 29.67 22.18 12.55 9.98 10.67 10.49 6.78 5.73 7.053
P/S Ratio 4.73 3.46 3.02 2.57 2.14 1.50 1.98 3.03 2.56 1.84 1.77 1.79 1.96 2.60 2.95 2.40 2.66 2.53 2.03 1.63 1.979
P/B Ratio 3.82 2.80 2.94 2.53 2.11 1.51 2.13 3.34 2.86 2.07 2.62 2.72 3.04 4.00 3.37 2.73 3.01 2.87 1.82 1.47 1.814
P/FCF 102.65 639.40 -130.33 -126.30 -26.83 -21.75 -40.03 -168.74 -51.09 -24.13 -17.90 -45.35 35.84 17.93 15.45 11.55 11.72 12.17 10.02 8.60 8.596
P/OCF 83.76 235.39 179.25 145.07 19.44 13.75 12.87 9.99 10.32 10.50 8.47 7.02 7.022
EV/EBITDA -72.89 -48.92 -32.48 -31.75 -31.97 -25.90 -51.11 -70.75 -32.52 -23.41 -74.97 21.26 11.07 11.80 10.93 8.32 9.06 9.01 7.10 5.58 5.578
EV/Revenue 4.24 2.97 2.61 2.16 1.73 1.10 1.57 2.64 2.17 1.46 1.62 1.64 1.81 2.46 2.64 2.09 2.35 2.22 1.77 1.37 1.369
EV/EBIT -38.99 -27.84 -21.39 -19.94 -18.63 -14.10 -24.95 -40.37 -23.45 -16.56 -32.95 34.68 13.71 14.00 12.74 9.65 10.54 10.71 8.75 7.22 7.224
EV/FCF 91.90 548.22 -112.55 -106.21 -21.71 -15.96 -31.88 -146.85 -43.34 -19.08 -16.36 -41.62 33.20 16.93 13.86 10.08 10.37 10.70 8.71 7.22 7.216
Earnings Yield -2.0% -2.6% -4.7% -2.9% -4.1% -7.6% -3.3% -4.1% -6.3% -7.9% -7.2% -1.8% 3.4% 4.5% 8.0% 10.0% 9.4% 9.5% 14.8% 17.5% 17.45%
FCF Yield 1.0% 0.2% -0.8% -0.8% -3.7% -4.6% -2.5% -0.6% -2.0% -4.1% -5.6% -2.2% 2.8% 5.6% 6.5% 8.7% 8.5% 8.2% 10.0% 11.6% 11.63%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.302
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 2.533
EV/OCF snapshot only 5.895
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 1.942
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 7.012
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 9.60%
Graham Number snapshot only $17.18
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.75 2.75 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.50 1.50 1.503
Quick Ratio 2.58 2.58 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.41 1.41 1.412
Debt/Equity 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.023
Net Debt/Equity -0.40 -0.40 -0.40 -0.40 -0.40 -0.40 -0.43 -0.43 -0.43 -0.43 -0.22 -0.22 -0.22 -0.22 -0.35 -0.35 -0.35 -0.35 -0.24 -0.24 -0.237
Debt/Assets 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.015
Debt/EBITDA -1.03 -0.98 -0.59 -0.69 -0.87 -1.09 -1.59 -1.28 -0.71 -0.75 -1.34 0.36 0.17 0.13 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.102
Net Debt/EBITDA 8.53 8.14 5.13 6.01 7.53 9.41 13.08 10.55 5.82 6.19 7.02 -1.91 -0.88 -0.70 -1.26 -1.21 -1.18 -1.24 -1.06 -1.07 -1.067
Interest Coverage -5552.50 -3732.57 -975.75 -837.88 -861.85 -812.06 2451.74 2451.737
Equity Multiplier 1.46 1.46 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.46 1.46 1.463
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.615
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 3175.211
Cash to Debt snapshot only 11.484
FCF to Debt snapshot only 7.596
Defensive Interval snapshot only 368.4 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.62 0.65 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.66 0.67 0.667
Inventory Turnover 3.84 3.86 6.38 6.31 6.30 6.54 6.29 6.52 6.89 6.84 5.61 5.54 5.48 5.23 5.21 5.12 4.76 4.79 6.71 6.81 6.815
Receivables Turnover 3.31 3.33 3.76 3.79 3.80 3.88 3.47 3.55 3.60 3.62 3.51 3.62 3.69 3.65 4.03 4.01 3.99 4.00 4.33 4.38 4.380
Payables Turnover 7.64 7.69 10.77 10.66 10.63 11.04 5.51 5.71 6.04 5.99 4.45 4.40 4.35 4.15 4.46 4.38 4.08 4.10 5.27 5.36 5.358
DSO 110 110 97 96 96 94 105 103 101 101 104 101 99 100 91 91 91 91 84 83 83.3 days
DIO 95 95 57 58 58 56 58 56 53 53 65 66 67 70 70 71 77 76 54 54 53.6 days
DPO 48 47 34 34 34 33 66 64 60 61 82 83 84 88 82 83 90 89 69 68 68.1 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 158 157 120 120 120 117 97 95 94 93 87 84 81 82 79 79 79 78 69 69 68.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 8.306
Operating Cycle snapshot only 136.9 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 3.486
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.618
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue -20.8% -10.9% -0.6% 2.9% 4.5% 6.4% 2.1% 3.7% 4.8% 3.3% 7.4% 8.1% 9.0% 7.1% 3.4% -0.3% -2.8% -1.4% 0.0% 1.7% 1.68%
Net Income -2.3% -14.7% -4.6% -11.0% 2.0% -35.2% 52.8% -72.7% -92.8% -32.8% -1.1% 71.5% 1.4% 1.9% 2.9% 8.3% 2.7% 1.0% 27.7% 20.4% 20.38%
EPS -2.3% -14.9% -4.7% -11.9% 3.1% -34.9% 53.3% -71.1% -91.6% -30.4% -1.1% 70.3% 1.5% 1.9% 2.9% 8.2% 2.7% 1.1% 32.4% 23.4% 23.41%
FCF -74.0% -96.6% -1.4% -1.2% -2.8% -14.5% -1.2% 8.4% 34.1% -14.7% -1.2% -1.4% 2.2% 3.0% 3.0% 6.3% 3.0% 41.0% 6.3% -7.1% -7.11%
EBITDA -1.4% -1.9% -3.6% -2.6% 2.8% 25.8% 60.8% 43.2% -29.3% -51.8% 24.6% 3.2% 3.7% 4.6% 12.6% 2.3% 54.1% 16.7% 2.9% -0.8% -0.85%
Op. Income -2.0% -9.3% -4.0% -69.6% -12.9% -30.9% -3.8% 0.3% -39.6% -19.4% -6.5% 74.5% 1.5% 2.0% 2.6% 8.2% 1.7% 37.1% 11.8% 0.2% 0.24%
OCF Growth snapshot only -1.70%
Asset Growth snapshot only 17.41%
Equity Growth snapshot only 27.91%
Debt Growth snapshot only -33.87%
Shares Change snapshot only -2.45%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 3.11%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 1.1% 1.0% 0.3% 0.3% -0.7% -3.7% -4.9% -5.2% -4.7% -0.7% 2.9% 4.9% 6.1% 5.6% 4.3% 3.8% 3.6% 2.9% 3.6% 3.1% 3.11%
Revenue 5Y -0.4% 1.3% 2.2% 2.9% 3.9% 3.5% 2.5% 2.6% 2.5% 2.5% 2.1% 2.5% 2.3% -0.3% -0.9% -1.7% -1.7% 0.6% 2.4% 3.2% 3.19%
EPS 3Y
EPS 5Y 30.6% 45.6% 32.9% 32.8% 1.1%
Net Income 3Y
Net Income 5Y 30.1% 45.4% 32.1% 32.1% 1.1%
EBITDA 3Y
EBITDA 5Y 32.6% 51.8% 15.3% 17.1% 12.8% 12.9% 32.0% 55.1%
Gross Profit 3Y 0.2% 0.8% -1.8% -0.5% -0.9% -4.3% -4.9% -5.9% -5.9% -2.2% 1.2% 4.3% 6.0% 6.1% 7.7% 7.0% 7.6% 7.2% 5.0% 4.7% 4.66%
Gross Profit 5Y 0.3% 0.9% 0.5% 1.4% 2.5% 2.1% 2.0% 1.7% 0.9% 1.5% 1.4% 2.8% 3.2% 0.9% 0.2% -0.8% -0.2% 1.9% 2.5% 3.5% 3.46%
Op. Income 3Y
Op. Income 5Y 20.9% 24.0% 17.2% 18.0% 77.9%
FCF 3Y 12.2% 2.2%
FCF 5Y -31.1% -51.8% 33.9% 35.9% 8.2% 8.5% 33.1% 20.3% 20.31%
OCF 3Y 32.7% -42.2% -47.7% 28.6% 1.5% 1.5% 1.47%
OCF 5Y -28.8% -41.8% -31.8% 25.0% 24.2% 6.4% 8.1% 31.3% 22.3% 22.31%
Assets 3Y 3.6% 3.6% -1.2% -1.2% -1.2% -1.2% -4.3% -4.3% -4.3% -4.3% -8.3% -8.3% -8.3% -8.3% -0.3% -0.3% -0.3% -0.3% 5.9% 5.9% 5.88%
Assets 5Y 3.8% 3.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% -0.2% -0.2% -0.2% -0.2% -4.0% -4.0% -4.0% -4.0% -2.4% -2.4% -2.4% -2.4% 1.2% 1.2% 1.17%
Equity 3Y 2.6% 2.6% -4.7% -4.7% -4.7% -4.7% -8.1% -8.1% -8.1% -8.1% -14.8% -14.8% -14.8% -14.8% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% 10.2% 10.2% 10.17%
Book Value 3Y 2.8% 2.9% -4.2% -4.4% -4.8% -4.3% -7.9% -7.9% -8.4% -8.5% -14.9% -13.7% -14.3% -14.7% -1.5% -0.6% -0.2% -0.3% 11.5% 12.1% 12.05%
Dividend 3Y 62.9% 62.94%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.11 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.19 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.32 0.63 0.61 0.43 0.00 0.03 0.09 0.07 0.29 0.88 0.91 0.906
Earnings Stability 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.10 0.11 0.25 0.07 0.13 0.20 0.25 0.71 0.32 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.15 0.23 0.40 0.57 0.71 0.706
Margin Stability 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.95 0.95 0.97 0.97 0.974
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
Earnings Persistence 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.87 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 0.32 0.76 0.82 0.815
ROE Trend -0.09 -0.09 -0.15 -0.07 -0.08 -0.08 0.01 -0.07 -0.10 -0.07 -0.08 0.06 0.24 0.32 0.40 0.37 0.32 0.27 0.23 0.15 0.146
Gross Margin Trend 0.02 0.01 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.003
FCF Margin Trend 0.03 -0.05 -0.07 -0.08 -0.17 -0.14 -0.07 -0.05 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 -0.02 0.12 0.22 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.17 0.16 0.11 0.106
Sustainable Growth Rate 9.0% 15.9% 30.7% 28.8% 27.3% 23.8% 22.5% 21.1% 21.10%
Internal Growth Rate 5.5% 10.1% 22.2% 20.6% 19.3% 16.4% 17.4% 16.1% 16.12%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
OCF/Net Income -0.61 -0.17 0.09 0.16 0.81 0.48 0.40 -0.14 0.02 0.18 0.36 -0.37 1.53 1.61 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.00 0.80 0.82 0.816
FCF/OCF 0.82 0.37 1.81 1.65 1.13 1.27 1.87 -1.06 12.75 2.94 2.17 -3.20 0.54 0.77 0.83 0.86 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.82 0.817
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.667
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.946
CapEx/Revenue 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 0.8% 0.9% 1.5% 2.3% 3.5% 4.6% 5.0% 5.3% 5.2% 4.6% 4.4% 3.8% 3.3% 3.1% 3.3% 3.7% 4.3% 4.25%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.760
Accruals Ratio -0.08 -0.06 -0.08 -0.04 -0.01 -0.04 -0.03 -0.09 -0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.03 -0.06 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.035
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.057
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.948
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 1.4% 2.3% 3.7% 4.7% 3.81%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.12 $0.24 $0.36 $0.48 $0.50 $0.50
Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.9% 15.4% 23.9% 25.3% 27.0% 26.96%
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.1% 16.9% 27.7% 37.4% 40.4% 40.44%
Total Payout Ratio 1.9% 98.3% 4.6% 9.7% 18.5% 36.6% 44.8% 55.0% 55.00%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 1 0
Chowder Number 3.16 3.158
Buyback Yield 0.8% 1.7% 1.2% 1.3% 2.2% 1.7% 1.3% 0.8% 0.0% 0.8% 7.0% 7.1% 6.4% 4.4% 0.4% 0.2% 0.3% 1.2% 2.9% 4.9% 4.89%
Net Buyback Yield 0.8% 1.7% 1.2% 1.3% 2.2% 1.7% 1.3% 0.8% 0.0% 0.8% 7.0% 7.1% 6.4% 4.4% 0.4% 0.2% 0.3% 1.2% 2.9% 4.9% 4.89%
Total Shareholder Return 0.8% 1.7% 1.2% 1.3% 2.2% 1.7% 1.3% 0.8% 0.0% 0.8% 7.0% 7.1% 6.4% 4.4% 0.4% 1.0% 1.7% 3.5% 6.6% 9.6% 9.60%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.94 0.90 1.17 1.61 1.69 1.57 1.23 1.09 1.07 1.07 1.09 1.55 0.80 0.84 1.23 1.17 1.15 1.15 1.48 1.52 1.524
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.91 0.93 1.00 0.43 0.55 0.93 0.85 1.76 1.62 1.55 2.36 -0.45 0.63 0.80 0.92 0.95 0.97 1.01 1.01 0.99 0.986
EBIT Margin -0.11 -0.11 -0.12 -0.11 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -0.07 -0.09 -0.09 -0.05 0.05 0.13 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.190
Asset Turnover 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.62 0.65 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.66 0.67 0.667
Equity Multiplier 1.46 1.46 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.52 1.52 1.520
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $-0.49 $-0.47 $-0.78 $-0.41 $-0.47 $-0.63 $-0.36 $-0.70 $-0.90 $-0.82 $-0.74 $-0.21 $0.42 $0.73 $1.43 $1.49 $1.54 $1.50 $1.90 $1.84 $1.84
Book Value/Share $6.48 $6.49 $5.57 $5.54 $5.47 $5.53 $5.09 $5.08 $5.03 $5.03 $3.97 $4.14 $4.08 $4.03 $5.33 $5.45 $5.45 $5.48 $7.07 $7.14 $7.23
Tangible Book/Share $3.34 $3.35 $2.59 $2.58 $2.55 $2.58 $2.51 $2.50 $2.48 $2.48 $1.36 $1.42 $1.40 $1.38 $2.83 $2.89 $2.89 $2.91 $4.11 $4.16 $4.16
Revenue/Share $5.23 $5.26 $5.44 $5.45 $5.40 $5.58 $5.49 $5.60 $5.62 $5.66 $5.86 $6.30 $6.35 $6.21 $6.10 $6.19 $6.17 $6.23 $6.32 $6.46 $6.53
FCF/Share $0.24 $0.03 $-0.13 $-0.11 $-0.43 $-0.38 $-0.27 $-0.10 $-0.28 $-0.43 $-0.58 $-0.25 $0.35 $0.90 $1.16 $1.29 $1.40 $1.29 $1.28 $1.22 $1.24
OCF/Share $0.30 $0.08 $-0.07 $-0.07 $-0.38 $-0.30 $-0.15 $0.09 $-0.02 $-0.15 $-0.27 $0.08 $0.64 $1.17 $1.40 $1.49 $1.59 $1.50 $1.52 $1.50 $1.52
Cash/Share $2.90 $2.91 $2.50 $2.48 $2.45 $2.48 $2.48 $2.47 $2.45 $2.44 $1.06 $1.10 $1.09 $1.08 $2.08 $2.13 $2.13 $2.15 $1.83 $1.85 $1.32
EBITDA/Share $-0.30 $-0.32 $-0.44 $-0.37 $-0.29 $-0.24 $-0.17 $-0.21 $-0.38 $-0.35 $-0.13 $0.49 $1.04 $1.29 $1.47 $1.56 $1.60 $1.54 $1.57 $1.58 $1.58
Debt/Share $0.31 $0.31 $0.26 $0.26 $0.25 $0.26 $0.27 $0.27 $0.26 $0.26 $0.17 $0.18 $0.17 $0.17 $0.23 $0.24 $0.24 $0.24 $0.16 $0.16 $0.16
Net Debt/Share $-2.59 $-2.60 $-2.24 $-2.23 $-2.20 $-2.22 $-2.21 $-2.20 $-2.18 $-2.18 $-0.89 $-0.93 $-0.91 $-0.90 $-1.85 $-1.89 $-1.89 $-1.91 $-1.67 $-1.69 $-1.69
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Altman Z-Score 3.828
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 6.802
Piotroski F-Score 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 6 7 7 7 6 7 6 5 5 5
Beneish M-Score -2.96 -2.80 -2.74 -2.75 -2.59 -2.70 -2.63 -2.87 -2.90 -2.81 -2.75 -2.59 -2.56 -2.75 -2.50 -2.50 -2.60 -2.51 -2.18 -2.31 -2.314
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.923
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 53.40%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $1.22
EVA snapshot only $52391656.26
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA+
Credit Score 78.61 64.76 58.49 58.26 56.87 52.87 53.43 71.94 66.96 63.70 61.06 66.83 92.48 92.34 92.20 91.85 92.20 91.98 92.76 91.66 91.657
Credit Grade snapshot only 2
Credit Trend snapshot only -0.194
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 65.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 86
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 80

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