— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: SR-PA (NYSE) · $vol 6M · SRCU (OTC) · $vol 1M

SR NYSE

Spire Inc.
1W: +0.8% 1M: -2.4% 3M: -4.2% YTD: +4.3% 1Y: +19.1% 3Y: +46.0% 5Y: +40.9%
$86.99
+0.20 (+0.23%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.1%
$80 $83 $85 $88 $91
NYSE · Utilities · Regulated Gas · Alpha Radar Sell · Power 43 · $5.1B mcap · 58M float · 0.652% daily turnover · Short 77% of daily vol

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

WEAK EDGE
44.9 / 100
NoneWeakNarrowWide
Primary source: Cost Advantage  ·  ROIC: 5.2%  ·  5Y Avg: 4.1%
Cost Advantage ★
75
Intangibles
48
Switching Cost
30
Network Effect
14
Scale
55
The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. SR shows a Weak competitive edge (44.9/100) — limited structural advantages that may face competitive pressure. The primary source of advantage is Cost Advantage. ROIC of 5.2% suggests modest returns relative to capital deployed.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$96
Low
$98
Avg Target
$103
High
Based on 3 analysts since May 6, 2026 earnings
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 8Hold: 7Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$99.25
Analysts4
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2026-05-21 Morgan Stanley $102 $96 -6 +10.6% $86.81
2026-05-11 Wells Fargo $72 $96 +24 +11.9% $85.76
2026-05-08 UBS $100 $103 +3 +19.7% $86.08
2026-04-21 Morgan Stanley $100 $102 +2 +13.3% $90.01
2026-02-20 Morgan Stanley $93 $100 +7 +10.5% $90.53
2026-01-28 Stifel Nicolaus $81 $87 +6 +2.6% $84.77
2026-01-21 Morgan Stanley $92 $93 +1 +11.3% $83.56
2026-01-21 Jefferies Julian Dumoulin-Smith $92 $99 +7 +18.4% $83.59
2025-12-17 UBS William Appicelli $95 $100 +5 +19.5% $83.70
2025-12-16 Morgan Stanley $97 $92 -5 +9.7% $83.88
2025-11-20 Morgan Stanley $91 $97 +6 +12.9% $85.88
2025-10-22 Morgan Stanley $76 $91 +15 +4.6% $87.00
2025-10-21 BTIG Initiated $99 +14.0% $86.87
2025-10-21 Mizuho Securities $82 $93 +11 +6.6% $87.22
2025-10-13 UBS $68 $95 +27 +15.4% $82.31
2025-10-06 Jefferies Initiated $92 +12.9% $81.47
2025-09-25 Morgan Stanley David Arcaro $80 $76 -4 -4.0% $79.19
2025-07-15 Stifel Nicolaus Selman Akyol Initiated $81 +6.9% $75.76
2025-06-18 Morgan Stanley David Arcaro $78 $80 +2 +10.5% $72.41
2025-03-19 Mizuho Securities $76 $82 +6 +6.6% $76.91
2024-12-20 Mizuho Securities Gabriel Moreen $66 $76 +10 +14.0% $66.66
2024-08-01 Wells Fargo Sarah Akers $66 $72 +6 +8.1% $66.59
2024-05-02 Wells Fargo Sarah Akers $81 $66 -15 +6.6% $61.90
2024-04-12 UBS William Appicelli Initiated $68 +15.9% $58.69
2023-09-29 Mizuho Securities Gabriel Moreen $74 $66 -8 +16.2% $56.78
2022-12-07 Guggenheim Initiated $63 -8.5% $68.86
2022-12-05 J.P. Morgan Initiated $69 +6.4% $64.86
2022-04-29 Mizuho Securities Initiated $74 +1.2% $73.15
2022-04-26 Morgan Stanley $74 $78 +4 +3.6% $75.29
2022-04-20 Morgan Stanley Initiated $74 -5.1% $78.00
2022-04-19 Wells Fargo Initiated $81 +3.8% $78.05

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
May 22, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
4
ROA
3
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. SR receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROE (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-05-11 A- B+
2026-05-04 B+ A-
2026-04-01 B B+
2026-03-09 B+ B
2026-02-20 B B+
2026-02-19 B+ B
2026-02-18 A- B+
2026-02-06 B+ A-
2026-02-04 B B+
2026-01-15 B+ B

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

46 Grade A
Profitability
61
Balance Sheet
24
Earnings Quality
82
Growth
60
Value
70
Momentum
88
Safety
15
Cash Flow
35
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. SR scores highest in Momentum (88/100) and lowest in Safety (15/100). An overall grade of A places SR among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
0.72
Distress Zone
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
Beneish M-Score
-2.36
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-6.34
Bankruptcy prob: 0.2%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
B-
Score: 21.8/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.72x
Accruals: -2.3%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. SR scores 0.72, placing it in the Distress Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Historically, companies in this range face elevated bankruptcy risk. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. SR scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. SR's score of -2.36 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. SR's implied 0.2% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. SR receives an estimated rating of B- (score: 21.8/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). SR's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
14.32x
PEG
0.36x
P/S
2.03x
P/B
1.50x
P/FCF
-26.39x
P/OCF
8.71x
EV/EBITDA
12.08x
EV/Revenue
4.17x
EV/EBIT
18.95x
EV/FCF
-52.16x
Earnings Yield
6.68%
FCF Yield
-3.79%
Shareholder Yield
8.45%
Graham Number
$88.30
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 14.3x earnings, SR trades at a reasonable valuation. An earnings yield of 6.7% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $88.30 per share, suggesting a potential 2% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
1.004
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.638
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.220
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.226
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.388
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
10.8%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. SR's ROE of 10.8% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.39x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance. A tax burden ratio of 1.00 indicates minimal tax leakage — the company retains over 90% of pre-tax earnings.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Adj. Growth Rate
6.75%
Fair P/E
22.00x
Intrinsic Value
$133.16
Price/Value
0.68x
Margin of Safety
32.00%
Premium
-32.00%
Assessment
Undervalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with SR's realized 6.8% 3-year EPS CAGR — what the company actually delivered, not what analysts hope for. At an intrinsic value of $133.16, SR appears undervalued with a 32% margin of safety. The adjusted fair P/E of 22.0x compares to the current market P/E of 14.3x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$87.00
Median 1Y
$87.99
5th Pctile
$57.71
95th Pctile
$134.86
Ann. Volatility
26.5%
Analyst Target
$99.25
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target

Executive Compensation

C-suite compensation breakdown including salary, stock awards, options, and incentive pay. The CEO-to-employee pay ratio and Gini coefficient measure pay distribution fairness.

C-Suite Compensation

ExecutiveSalaryStockTotal
D. H. Yaeger
Chairman of the Board, President and CEO Executive Vice President — Energy Administrative Senior Vice President — Business Services Chief Financial Officer General Counsel
$498,333 $— $803,333

CEO Pay Ratio

Insufficient data for pay ratio.

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
3,497
+0.6% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$708,150
Rev: $2,476,400,000
Profit / Employee
$77,695
NI: $271,700,000
SGA / Employee
Avg labor cost proxy

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 10.3% 10.5% 9.2% 8.7% 8.4% 8.1% 9.4% 9.6% 8.8% 7.6% 7.4% 8.3% 8.6% 8.2% 8.0% 8.2% 9.3% 8.2% 8.6% 10.8% 10.82%
ROA 3.3% 3.1% 2.7% 2.6% 2.5% 2.3% 2.6% 2.7% 2.5% 2.1% 2.1% 2.3% 2.4% 2.4% 2.3% 2.4% 2.7% 2.4% 2.5% 3.2% 3.19%
ROIC 6.0% 5.6% 5.1% 5.0% 5.0% 4.5% 5.2% 5.4% 5.1% 4.6% 4.5% 4.9% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.1% 5.5% 5.0% 5.2% 5.2% 5.21%
ROCE 6.3% 5.8% 5.3% 5.1% 5.0% 5.2% 5.9% 6.2% 6.1% 5.2% 5.2% 5.6% 5.8% 5.6% 5.5% 5.5% 6.0% 5.9% 6.3% 6.2% 6.19%
Gross Margin 36.3% 40.6% 34.2% 42.6% 31.8% 37.3% 32.3% 36.0% 29.4% 31.3% 34.2% 39.9% 35.4% 43.2% 40.3% 43.5% 44.6% 57.3% 29.9% 37.9% 37.90%
Operating Margin 10.1% 9.2% 17.2% 27.8% 8.5% 9.5% 18.5% 23.2% 2.9% -1.3% 18.4% 26.5% 7.4% 6.7% 22.2% 29.1% 16.4% -0.1% 22.8% 29.8% 29.75%
Net Margin 1.6% -3.4% 10.0% 19.7% -0.3% -2.3% 11.2% 16.0% -5.2% -10.0% 11.2% 18.1% -3.0% -8.8% 12.2% 19.9% 5.0% -11.9% 12.5% 27.7% 27.67%
EBITDA Margin 26.0% 26.2% 28.7% 34.1% 19.2% 28.7% 26.8% 29.4% 19.7% 21.3% 29.6% 33.2% 25.2% 29.3% 33.1% 36.4% 35.4% 23.8% 34.1% 38.0% 38.04%
FCF Margin -17.7% -16.8% -26.1% -17.1% -15.2% -22.6% -18.2% -18.7% -14.2% -8.3% -2.0% 2.1% 2.1% 2.0% 1.1% -5.1% -10.8% -13.1% -10.4% -8.0% -8.00%
OCF Margin 10.8% 11.2% 0.5% 12.0% 10.7% 2.5% 4.6% 3.0% 9.5% 16.5% 26.1% 31.4% 33.2% 35.2% 36.9% 33.2% 27.3% 23.3% 22.5% 24.3% 24.25%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 8.83%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 8.84%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.57%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.67%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 5.21%
Cash ROA snapshot only 5.32%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 7.14%
CROIC snapshot only -2.36%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 17.70%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 14.05%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 11.74 9.68 11.88 14.07 15.25 12.85 12.36 12.46 12.32 12.35 14.45 13.43 13.38 14.68 15.25 17.61 14.80 17.53 17.15 14.96 14.324
P/S Ratio 1.40 1.18 1.24 1.54 1.53 1.29 1.29 1.21 1.11 1.01 1.17 1.22 1.26 1.42 1.50 1.83 1.74 1.92 1.91 2.11 2.026
P/B Ratio 1.22 0.99 1.07 1.19 1.25 1.01 1.12 1.16 1.06 0.92 1.05 1.09 1.13 1.14 1.17 1.37 1.31 1.40 1.44 1.58 1.502
P/FCF -7.90 -7.01 -4.77 -9.00 -10.06 -5.70 -7.08 -6.46 -7.86 -12.08 -57.47 57.05 59.88 72.10 134.12 -35.68 -16.03 -14.66 -18.32 -26.39 -26.391
P/OCF 12.99 10.53 230.42 12.87 14.23 51.57 27.75 40.85 11.69 6.10 4.49 3.88 3.80 4.04 4.08 5.50 6.35 8.24 8.47 8.71 8.707
EV/EBITDA 9.86 9.63 10.38 11.08 11.32 11.29 10.81 10.50 10.16 10.65 11.10 10.59 10.44 10.70 10.83 11.56 10.69 11.99 11.61 12.08 12.078
EV/Revenue 2.85 2.84 2.88 3.35 3.24 3.27 3.06 2.82 2.74 2.78 2.99 3.03 3.08 3.26 3.40 3.79 3.69 4.04 3.94 4.17 4.174
EV/EBIT 14.59 14.22 15.90 17.43 18.14 17.99 16.59 15.91 15.55 16.80 17.62 16.45 16.18 16.53 16.94 18.14 16.41 18.67 17.93 18.95 18.951
EV/FCF -16.11 -16.94 -11.03 -19.59 -21.33 -14.46 -16.81 -15.09 -19.36 -33.39 -146.52 142.11 146.17 165.21 303.45 -73.93 -34.07 -30.76 -37.91 -52.16 -52.158
Earnings Yield 8.5% 10.3% 8.4% 7.1% 6.6% 7.8% 8.1% 8.0% 8.1% 8.1% 6.9% 7.4% 7.5% 6.8% 6.6% 5.7% 6.8% 5.7% 5.8% 6.7% 6.68%
FCF Yield -12.7% -14.3% -21.0% -11.1% -9.9% -17.5% -14.1% -15.5% -12.7% -8.3% -1.7% 1.8% 1.7% 1.4% 0.7% -2.8% -6.2% -6.8% -5.5% -3.8% -3.79%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.355
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 2.417
EV/OCF snapshot only 17.208
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 10.655
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 19.412
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 8.45%
Graham Number snapshot only $88.30
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.41 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.317
Quick Ratio 0.28 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.206
Debt/Equity 1.27 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.546
Net Debt/Equity 1.27 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.544
Debt/Assets 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.453
Debt/EBITDA 5.03 5.65 5.90 6.00 5.99 6.84 6.27 6.01 6.04 6.81 6.75 6.35 6.17 6.04 6.05 5.99 5.67 6.28 6.01 5.97 5.973
Net Debt/EBITDA 5.02 5.64 5.90 5.99 5.98 6.83 6.26 6.00 6.03 6.80 6.75 6.34 6.16 6.03 6.05 5.98 5.66 6.28 6.00 5.97 5.967
Interest Coverage 4.15 4.19 3.77 3.55 3.42 3.33 3.36 3.10 2.74 2.38 2.30 2.43 2.48 2.54 2.54 2.62 2.81 2.62 2.61 2.41 2.413
Equity Multiplier 3.27 3.52 3.52 3.52 3.52 3.58 3.58 3.58 3.58 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.36 3.36 3.36 3.36 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.415
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.002
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 3.785
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.001
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.039
Defensive Interval snapshot only 272.7 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.226
Inventory Turnover 7.26 5.69 5.98 5.04 5.43 3.78 4.29 4.87 4.85 5.07 4.92 4.80 4.72 5.93 5.57 5.26 5.13 5.02 5.51 5.65 5.652
Receivables Turnover 18.46 10.30 10.49 9.46 10.02 8.50 9.50 10.43 10.32 13.96 13.66 13.68 13.66 14.45 13.97 13.54 13.58 14.01 14.53 14.36 14.356
Payables Turnover 5.17 4.32 4.55 3.83 4.13 2.67 3.04 3.45 3.43 4.09 3.96 3.87 3.81 6.57 6.17 5.83 5.69 5.64 6.20 6.36 6.360
DSO 20 35 35 39 36 43 38 35 35 26 27 27 27 25 26 27 27 26 25 25 25.4 days
DIO 50 64 61 72 67 97 85 75 75 72 74 76 77 62 66 69 71 73 66 65 64.6 days
DPO 71 84 80 95 88 136 120 106 106 89 92 94 96 56 59 63 64 65 59 57 57.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -1 15 16 16 15 3 3 4 4 9 9 8 8 31 33 34 34 34 32 33 32.6 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 0.324
Operating Cycle snapshot only 90.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 445.298
Capital Intensity snapshot only 4.560
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 20.1% 20.5% 26.5% -6.2% -1.0% -1.7% 7.8% 31.4% 22.8% 21.3% 6.2% -3.2% -2.3% -2.7% -4.0% -7.1% -6.6% -4.5% 2.6% 4.5% 4.53%
Net Income 2.5% 2.1% 1.2% 36.8% -16.8% -18.7% 7.4% 16.5% 10.8% -1.5% -17.4% -9.6% 1.7% 15.4% 16.8% 6.5% 16.2% 8.3% 15.5% 42.1% 42.13%
EPS 2.5% 2.1% 1.2% 36.2% -17.6% -20.1% 5.5% 14.9% 10.1% -1.3% -18.9% -14.9% -7.4% 5.0% 8.1% 1.8% 13.5% 5.9% 13.0% 40.4% 40.45%
FCF -71.9% -1.2% -2.0% -21.9% 15.1% -32.6% 24.8% -43.5% -14.6% 55.3% 88.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.5% -3.2% -5.8% -7.4% -10.5% -63.3% -63.26%
EBITDA 67.5% 63.4% 44.7% 22.6% -2.1% -3.5% 10.1% 16.6% 15.9% 9.4% 1.0% 3.1% 6.6% 13.2% 12.1% 6.5% 9.3% 5.7% 10.8% 10.3% 10.27%
Op. Income 1.3% 1.2% 74.1% 41.0% -4.4% -9.3% 12.2% 19.4% 11.7% 2.5% -12.0% -6.8% 2.7% 16.7% 22.2% 13.4% 17.1% 7.3% 10.2% 7.9% 7.91%
OCF Growth snapshot only -23.70%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.58%
Equity Growth snapshot only 4.85%
Debt Growth snapshot only 10.00%
Shares Change snapshot only 1.20%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 6.11%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 3.5% 4.4% 4.3% 1.0% 3.4% 4.0% 8.6% 13.9% 13.4% 12.8% 13.1% 6.1% 5.9% 5.1% 3.2% 5.7% 3.9% 4.0% 1.5% -2.0% -2.03%
Revenue 5Y 8.5% 7.8% 6.9% 4.0% 4.3% 4.8% 6.3% 6.6% 6.1% 6.3% 5.4% 5.6% 5.8% 5.8% 5.5% 5.8% 5.9% 5.9% 7.4% 3.0% 2.99%
EPS 3Y 3.5% 7.5% 12.3% -0.3% 3.1% 5.0% 10.5% 15.9% 47.1% 34.1% 22.6% 10.0% -5.6% -6.1% -2.6% -0.2% 5.0% 3.1% -0.3% 6.8% 6.75%
EPS 5Y 10.1% 10.7% 8.1% 5.7% 4.6% 4.6% 0.3% 1.6% 0.2% -0.4% 3.9% -0.6% 2.3% 3.7% 3.4% 6.2% 27.3% 21.8% 17.6% 13.8% 13.75%
Net Income 3Y 4.9% 8.2% 13.0% 0.4% 4.1% 6.2% 11.6% 17.0% 48.3% 34.9% 24.2% 12.9% -2.1% -2.6% 1.2% 3.9% 9.4% 7.2% 3.7% 11.0% 11.04%
Net Income 5Y 13.4% 13.5% 10.8% 8.5% 6.3% 6.4% 2.0% 3.3% 1.3% 0.3% 5.0% 1.3% 4.9% 6.3% 6.0% 9.1% 31.0% 25.1% 20.9% 16.9% 16.88%
EBITDA 3Y 10.5% 13.2% 11.2% 5.1% 7.3% 8.0% 11.0% 14.1% 23.9% 19.9% 17.2% 13.8% 6.6% 6.1% 7.6% 8.6% 10.5% 9.4% 7.8% 6.6% 6.57%
EBITDA 5Y 8.7% 9.0% 7.8% 6.5% 5.7% 5.7% 6.7% 9.3% 8.9% 8.9% 8.9% 6.9% 8.8% 9.3% 9.1% 10.3% 17.2% 15.6% 14.9% 11.6% 11.59%
Gross Profit 3Y 7.8% 10.3% 8.6% 5.6% 9.0% 9.2% 12.3% 13.4% 10.6% 7.9% 6.2% 5.4% 6.5% 6.1% 7.8% 7.6% 8.1% 10.3% 5.8% 2.4% 2.36%
Gross Profit 5Y 8.0% 8.6% 7.4% 6.8% 6.6% 6.1% 7.2% 8.5% 7.6% 7.7% 7.4% 6.4% 8.4% 9.2% 9.4% 9.5% 9.2% 9.3% 7.6% 4.6% 4.62%
Op. Income 3Y 10.4% 15.3% 11.9% 4.2% 9.5% 10.5% 15.6% 16.7% 35.8% 26.6% 19.8% 16.2% 3.1% 2.7% 6.5% 8.1% 10.3% 8.7% 5.8% 4.5% 4.50%
Op. Income 5Y 8.5% 9.8% 7.7% 6.1% 5.4% 4.9% 6.6% 9.3% 7.5% 7.4% 6.7% 4.7% 8.5% 10.1% 10.7% 11.0% 24.7% 20.5% 18.3% 14.0% 13.96%
FCF 3Y
FCF 5Y
OCF 3Y -20.9% -18.2% -71.1% -17.9% -15.4% -50.4% -36.5% -44.8% -18.1% -2.2% 18.1% 38.7% 54.0% 54.0% 3.2% 48.6% 41.8% 1.2% 71.7% 97.6% 97.59%
OCF 5Y -5.4% -5.3% -47.4% -4.6% -4.4% -28.2% -17.4% -26.5% -11.9% -0.7% 6.0% 13.0% 17.5% 15.1% 15.7% 11.2% 7.5% 4.2% 6.9% 14.9% 14.90%
Assets 3Y 8.0% 11.0% 11.0% 11.0% 11.0% 9.8% 9.8% 9.8% 9.8% 7.8% 7.8% 7.8% 7.8% 5.1% 5.1% 5.1% 5.1% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.71%
Assets 5Y 9.3% 9.0% 9.0% 9.0% 9.0% 9.0% 9.0% 9.0% 9.0% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 7.3% 7.3% 7.3% 7.3% 7.0% 7.0% 7.0% 7.03%
Equity 3Y 8.2% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 6.7% 6.7% 6.7% 6.7% 6.3% 6.3% 6.3% 6.34%
Book Value 3Y 6.8% 4.9% 5.0% 4.9% 4.6% 2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.6% 4.4% 3.6% 2.3% 1.2% 2.9% 2.8% 2.6% 2.4% 2.3% 2.2% 2.2% 2.23%
Dividend 3Y 0.2% 0.5% 1.7% 0.9% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 1.1% 1.3% 0.7% -0.5% -0.9% -0.5% -0.1% -0.3% -1.2% -1.2% -1.9% -1.9% -1.94%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.69 0.74 0.56 0.62 0.71 0.77 0.69 0.54 0.61 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.62 0.66 0.70 0.72 0.23 0.231
Earnings Stability 0.06 0.11 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.39 0.75 0.53 0.44 0.56 0.75 0.753
Margin Stability 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.92 0.92 0.925
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.93 0.93 0.97 0.93 0.96 0.99 0.93 0.96 0.99 0.94 0.93 0.97 0.94 0.97 0.94 0.83 0.831
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.69 0.82 0.79 0.93 0.85 0.90 0.98 0.81 0.90 0.98 0.86 0.85 0.94 0.85 0.92 0.86 0.65 0.652
ROE Trend 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.026
Gross Margin Trend 0.01 0.02 -0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.01 0.008
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 -0.03 -0.11 -0.02 -0.00 -0.10 0.00 -0.04 0.02 0.11 0.20 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.11 0.03 -0.05 -0.10 -0.10 -0.07 -0.065
Sustainable Growth Rate 4.5% 4.8% 3.4% 2.8% 2.5% 2.3% 3.6% 3.7% 2.9% 1.8% 1.5% 2.3% 2.4% 2.2% 1.9% 2.0% 3.0% 2.3% 2.6% 4.7% 4.69%
Internal Growth Rate 1.5% 1.4% 1.0% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 1.0% 1.0% 0.8% 0.5% 0.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.9% 0.7% 0.8% 1.4% 1.40%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.90 0.92 0.05 1.09 1.07 0.25 0.45 0.30 1.05 2.02 3.22 3.46 3.52 3.64 3.74 3.20 2.33 2.13 2.02 1.72 1.718
FCF/OCF -1.64 -1.50 -48.34 -1.43 -1.41 -9.04 -3.92 -6.32 -1.49 -0.50 -0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.03 -0.15 -0.40 -0.56 -0.46 -0.33 -0.330
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.567
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.702
CapEx/Revenue 28.5% 27.9% 26.6% 29.1% 25.9% 25.1% 22.8% 21.6% 23.7% 24.8% 28.1% 29.2% 31.1% 33.2% 35.7% 38.3% 38.2% 36.5% 32.9% 32.3% 32.26%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 2.574
Accruals Ratio 0.00 0.00 0.03 -0.00 -0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.00 -0.02 -0.05 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.023
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.100
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.602
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 4.8% 5.6% 5.3% 4.8% 4.6% 5.5% 5.0% 4.9% 5.5% 6.2% 5.5% 5.4% 5.4% 4.9% 5.0% 4.3% 4.6% 4.1% 4.1% 3.8% 3.70%
Dividend/Share $2.84 $2.86 $2.91 $2.93 $2.96 $2.98 $3.01 $3.06 $3.11 $3.15 $3.13 $3.07 $3.07 $3.15 $3.24 $3.27 $3.27 $3.34 $3.37 $3.43 $3.22
Payout Ratio 56.0% 54.5% 63.1% 67.7% 70.8% 71.0% 61.9% 61.6% 67.6% 76.1% 79.4% 72.5% 72.2% 72.5% 76.0% 75.9% 67.7% 72.5% 69.9% 56.7% 56.68%
FCF Payout Ratio 3.1% 3.2% 3.6% 6.7%
Total Payout Ratio 56.0% 54.5% 63.1% 67.7% 70.8% 71.0% 61.9% 61.6% 67.6% 76.1% 79.4% 72.5% 72.2% 72.5% 76.0% 75.9% 67.7% 72.5% 69.9% 1.3% 1.26%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.099
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.7% 4.66%
Net Buyback Yield -0.3% -0.0% -0.0% -0.8% -1.6% -1.8% -1.6% -1.0% -0.1% -1.6% -5.1% -10.2% -9.9% -7.8% -5.5% -1.7% -1.8% -1.6% -0.9% 4.6% 4.64%
Total Shareholder Return 4.5% 5.6% 5.3% 4.0% 3.1% 3.7% 3.4% 4.0% 5.4% 4.6% 0.4% -4.8% -4.5% -2.9% -0.5% 2.6% 2.8% 2.5% 3.2% 8.4% 8.43%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.82 1.00 1.004
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.76 0.76 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.68 0.64 0.58 0.56 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.64 0.62 0.62 0.64 0.638
EBIT Margin 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.220
Asset Turnover 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.226
Equity Multiplier 3.13 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.56 3.56 3.56 3.56 3.44 3.44 3.44 3.44 3.39 3.39 3.39 3.388
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $5.07 $5.26 $4.61 $4.33 $4.18 $4.20 $4.87 $4.98 $4.60 $4.14 $3.95 $4.23 $4.26 $4.35 $4.27 $4.31 $4.83 $4.61 $4.82 $6.05 $6.05
Book Value/Share $48.79 $51.42 $51.42 $51.22 $50.92 $53.58 $53.58 $53.58 $53.69 $55.57 $54.43 $52.19 $50.56 $56.03 $55.83 $55.26 $54.70 $57.45 $57.25 $57.25 $58.05
Tangible Book/Share $26.13 $28.75 $28.75 $28.64 $28.48 $31.31 $31.31 $31.31 $31.37 $33.25 $32.57 $31.23 $30.25 $35.72 $35.60 $35.23 $34.87 $37.59 $37.46 $37.46 $37.46
Revenue/Share $42.50 $43.24 $44.07 $39.58 $41.66 $41.80 $46.71 $51.32 $50.86 $50.79 $48.67 $46.76 $45.23 $44.94 $43.27 $41.51 $41.22 $41.97 $43.40 $42.88 $43.02
FCF/Share $-7.53 $-7.25 $-11.50 $-6.77 $-6.33 $-9.45 $-8.50 $-9.59 $-7.21 $-4.23 $-0.99 $1.00 $0.95 $0.89 $0.49 $-2.13 $-4.46 $-5.51 $-4.51 $-3.43 $-3.44
OCF/Share $4.58 $4.83 $0.24 $4.73 $4.48 $1.05 $2.17 $1.52 $4.85 $8.38 $12.71 $14.66 $15.00 $15.81 $15.95 $13.79 $11.27 $9.80 $9.76 $10.40 $10.43
Cash/Share $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.12 $0.12 $0.12 $0.12 $0.11 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.84
EBITDA/Share $12.29 $12.76 $12.21 $11.97 $11.92 $12.11 $13.22 $13.78 $13.74 $13.27 $13.10 $13.36 $13.33 $13.68 $13.59 $13.60 $14.22 $14.13 $14.73 $14.82 $14.82
Debt/Share $61.84 $72.09 $72.09 $71.81 $71.40 $82.84 $82.84 $82.84 $83.00 $90.34 $88.49 $84.85 $82.20 $82.54 $82.26 $81.41 $80.59 $88.80 $88.50 $88.50 $88.50
Net Debt/Share $61.76 $72.01 $72.01 $71.73 $71.32 $82.72 $82.72 $82.72 $82.87 $90.24 $88.39 $84.75 $82.11 $82.46 $82.18 $81.34 $80.51 $88.70 $88.40 $88.40 $88.40
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score 0.723
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 0.332
Piotroski F-Score 5 7 6 7 5 3 5 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.56 -1.53 -1.14 -1.07 -1.47 -2.29 -2.21 -2.20 -2.36 -2.93 -3.20 -3.24 -3.30 -2.97 -2.90 -2.82 -2.81 -2.60 -2.28 -2.36 -2.363
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -6.338
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 9.19%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-124.53
EVA snapshot only $-412960992.43
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only B-
Credit Score 26.39 29.81 29.68 30.15 29.39 24.33 24.45 25.48 20.37 20.48 20.59 23.07 22.46 23.84 23.73 24.01 22.96 21.18 20.79 21.81 21.811
Credit Grade snapshot only 16
Credit Trend snapshot only -2.204
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 900.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 8
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 15

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