Also trades as: TSLA.TO (TSX) · $vol 19M · TSLA.NE (NEO) · $vol 15M · TL0.DE (XETRA) · $vol 9M

$407.51

+15.89 (+4.06%)

Weekly Expected Move ±5.1%

$334 $353 $372 $391 $411

NASDAQ · Consumer Cyclical · Auto - Manufacturers · Tech Score Buy · Power 70 · $1.55T mcap · 2.82B float · 1.38% daily turnover · Short 53% of daily vol

Credit Risk of going bust: lower than 88% of companies Debt: 1.1% of company value Bonds: none of note held by US funds details ▾

Of US companies ranked in the safest four tenths, about 1 in 3,500 filed for bankruptcy within a year (2020-2025).
If the stock fell to about $0.26 (down 99.9%), Tesla, Inc. would be worth roughly what it owes.
Total debt $16.45B against a stock market value of $1.55T.
Distance to default 12.36 (Merton model): prices to 2026-10-26, balance sheet 2026-09-30, debt counted $5.29B (short-term plus half of long-term), stock volatility 45.6%; Altman Z 15.07. A ranking and a back-test, not a forecast.
US fund filings (SEC N-PORT) show under $25M of this company's bonds, so there is no bond page. Its debt may be bank loans or privately placed. How these are computed.

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

NARROW EDGE

67.4 / 100

NoneWeakNarrowWide

Primary source: Intangible Assets · ROIC: 4.5% · 5Y Avg: 71.6%

Cost Advantage

Intangibles

Switching Cost

Network Effect

Scale

The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. TSLA has a Narrow competitive edge (67.4/100) — meaningful but not impregnable advantages over competitors. The primary source of advantage is Intangible Assets. ROIC of 4.5% suggests modest returns relative to capital deployed.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets

$400

Low

$441

Avg Target

$475

High

Based on 7 analysts since Oct 21, 2026 earnings

Analyst Recommendations

Strong Buy: 0Buy: 36Hold: 33Sell: 14Strong Sell: 0

Rating Summary

ConsensusBuy

Avg Target$446.62

Analysts13

Consensus Change History

Date	Field	From	To
2026-10-26	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-10-24	consensus	Buy	Hold
2026-10-23	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-10-23	consensus	Buy	Hold
2026-10-06	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-10-02	consensus	Buy	Hold
2026-10-01	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-09-29	consensus	Buy	Hold
2026-09-28	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-09-26	consensus	Buy	Hold
2026-09-24	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-09-23	consensus	Buy	Hold
2026-09-23	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-09-22	consensus	Buy	Hold
2026-09-20	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-09-17	consensus	Buy	Hold
2026-09-11	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-09-05	consensus	Buy	Hold
2026-09-03	consensus	Hold	Buy
2026-09-02	consensus	Buy	Hold

Price Target Change History

Date	Firm	Analyst	Old	New	Change	Upside @ Call	Stock@Call
2026-10-26	Barclays	Dan Levy	$360	$450	+90	+20.9%	$372.22
2026-10-22	BNP Paribas	James Picariello	$137	$420	+283	+11.2%	$377.75
2026-10-22	Stifel Nicolaus	—	$491	$475	-16	+24.6%	$381.15
2026-10-22	Canaccord Genuity	—	$410	$442	+32	+14.4%	$386.47
2026-10-22	CLSA	—	Initiated	$400	—	+3.5%	$386.47
2026-10-22	UBS	Joseph Spak	$391	$425	+34	+10.0%	$386.47
2026-10-22	Piper Sandler	Alexander Potter	$450	$475	+25	+22.9%	$386.47
2026-10-07	UBS	Joseph Spak	$385	$391	+6	+2.7%	$380.68
2026-10-05	HSBC	Michael Tyndall	$124	$157	+33	-57.6%	$370.59
2026-09-16	Goldman Sachs	—	$405	$360	-45	+1.0%	$356.58
2026-09-12	Morgan Stanley	Andrew Percoco	$417	$840	+423	+129.9%	$365.44
2026-08-03	Stifel Nicolaus	Stephen Gengaro	$508	$491	-17	+57.8%	$311.21
2026-07-28	RBC Capital	Tom Narayan	$500	$480	-20	+55.2%	$309.22
2026-07-27	Deutsche Bank	—	$465	$420	-45	+36.1%	$308.50
2026-07-27	Robert W. Baird	Ben Kallo	$548	$475	-73	+51.7%	$313.03
2026-07-24	Piper Sandler	Alexander Potter	$500	$450	-50	+40.8%	$319.69
2026-07-23	UBS	—	$460	$385	-75	+19.4%	$322.50
2026-07-23	Mizuho Securities	—	$540	$450	-90	+37.3%	$327.84
2026-07-23	Truist Financial	—	$430	$370	-60	-1.1%	$374.01
2026-07-23	Cantor Fitzgerald	—	$510	$485	-25	+29.7%	$374.01
2026-07-23	Canaccord Genuity	George Gianarikas	$450	$410	-40	+9.6%	$374.01
2026-07-23	UBS	—	$442	$460	+18	+23.0%	$374.01
2026-07-14	Morgan Stanley	—	$415	$417	+2	+5.6%	$394.76
2026-07-13	Jefferies	—	$195	$400	+205	-1.9%	$407.76
2026-07-09	UBS	—	$500	$442	-58	+12.0%	$394.81
2026-07-07	UBS	—	$364	$500	+136	+19.1%	$419.77
2026-07-02	Truist Financial	William Stein	$400	$430	+30	+10.0%	$390.94
2026-04-23	UBS	Joseph Spak	$475	$364	-111	-2.9%	$374.73
2026-04-23	UBS	—	$352	$475	+123	+27.2%	$373.33
2026-04-23	Canaccord Genuity	—	$420	$450	+30	+16.1%	$387.51
2026-04-09	Deutsche Bank	—	$435	$465	+30	+34.5%	$345.62
2026-04-02	Truist Financial	—	$438	$400	-38	+11.1%	$360.00
2026-03-30	Canaccord Genuity	—	$520	$420	-100	+18.2%	$355.28
2026-01-29	Stifel Nicolaus	Stephen Gengaro	$483	$508	+25	+20.8%	$420.42
2026-01-29	Truist Financial	—	$439	$438	-1	+4.9%	$417.49
2026-01-29	UBS	Joseph Spak	$551	$352	-199	-15.8%	$418.17
2026-01-29	Canaccord Genuity	George Gianarikas	$482	$520	+38	+20.5%	$431.46
2026-01-29	Morgan Stanley	Andrew Percoco	$425	$415	-10	-3.8%	$431.46
2026-01-29	Mizuho Securities	Vijay Rakesh	$530	$540	+10	+25.2%	$431.46
2026-01-29	Goldman Sachs	—	$395	$405	+10	-6.1%	$431.46
2026-01-23	Barclays	Dan Levy	$350	$360	+10	-19.9%	$449.36
2026-01-08	Piper Sandler	Alexander Potter	$400	$500	+100	+15.2%	$434.17
2026-01-02	Truist Financial	William Stein	$444	$439	-5	-0.8%	$442.39
2025-12-30	Robert W. Baird	Ben Kallo	$370	$548	+178	+19.2%	$459.64
2025-12-23	UBS	—	$247	$551	+304	+12.7%	$488.73
2025-12-19	Truist Financial	William Stein	$406	$444	+38	-8.1%	$483.37
2025-12-16	Mizuho Securities	—	$475	$530	+55	+11.6%	$475.12
2025-12-07	Morgan Stanley	Andrew Percoco	$410	$425	+15	-6.6%	$455.00
2025-11-25	Mizuho Securities	Vijay Rakesh	$390	$475	+85	+13.7%	$417.78
2025-10-23	RBC Capital	—	$313	$500	+187	+17.2%	$426.49

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C+

Oct 27, 2026

DCF

ROE

ROA

D/E

P/E

P/B

The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. TSLA receives an overall rating of C+. Strongest factors: D/E (4/5). Areas of concern: DCF (2/5), ROE (2/5), ROA (2/5), P/E (1/5), P/B (1/5).

Rating Change History

Date	From	To
2026-10-01	B-	C+
2026-09-02	C+	B-
2026-08-18	B-	C+
2026-08-14	C+	B-
2026-07-01	B-	C+
2026-05-04	C+	B-
2026-04-01	B-	C+
2026-03-02	C+	B-
2026-01-30	D+	C+
2026-01-29	B-	D+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 40 Grade B

Profitability

Balance Sheet

Earnings Quality

Growth

Value

Momentum

Safety

100

Cash Flow

The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. TSLA scores highest in Safety (100/100) and lowest in Profitability (15/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score

12.49

Safe Zone

Piotroski F-Score

5/9

✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗

Beneish M-Score

-2.68

Unlikely Manipulator

Ohlson O-Score

-9.88

Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%

Low Risk

Credit Rating

AA-

Score: 84.3/100

Trend: Deteriorating

Earnings Quality

75/100

OCF/NI: 5.79x

Accruals: -10.6%

The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. TSLA scores 12.49, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. TSLA scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. TSLA's score of -2.68 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. TSLA's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. TSLA receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 84.3/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). TSLA's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E

405.33x

PEG

-10.23x

P/S

15.31x

P/B

14.56x

P/FCF

380.38x

P/OCF

67.15x

EV/EBITDA

108.95x

EV/Revenue

11.85x

EV/EBIT

269.04x

EV/FCF

371.60x

Earnings Yield

0.26%

FCF Yield

0.26%

Shareholder Yield

0.01%

Graham Number

$22.76

Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 405.3x earnings, TSLA is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $22.76 per share, 1621% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden

0.767

NI / EBT

Interest Burden

0.924

EBT / EBIT

EBIT Margin

0.044

EBIT / Rev

Asset Turnover

0.711

Rev / Assets

Equity Multiplier

1.721

Assets / Equity

ROE

3.8%

The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. TSLA's ROE of 3.8% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.711), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate

0.00%

Fair P/E

8.50x

Intrinsic Value

$7.76

Price/Value

45.73x

Margin of Safety

-4473.32%

Premium

4473.32%

Assessment

Overvalued

Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with TSLA's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. TSLA trades at a 4473% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $7.76, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 405.3x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price

$391.62

Median 1Y

$509.47

5th Pctile

$172.40

95th Pctile

$1511.43

Ann. Volatility

63.5%

Analyst Target

$446.62

25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target

Executive Compensation

C-suite compensation breakdown including salary, stock awards, options, and incentive pay. The CEO-to-employee pay ratio and Gini coefficient measure pay distribution fairness.

C-Suite Compensation

Executive	Salary	Stock	Total
Elon Musk Technoking of Tesla and Chief Executive Officer	$—	$158,359,009,867	$158,359,009,867
Vaibhav Taneja Financial ancial Officer	$400,000	$—	$403,000
Tom Zhu SVP, APAC and Global Vehicle Manufacturing	$364,338	$—	$376,322
Elon Musk, Technoking of Tesla and Chief Executive Officer	$—	$—	$113,810

CEO Pay Ratio

3658604:1

CEO-to-Employee Pay Ratio

CEO Total Comp: $158,359,009,867

Avg Employee Cost (SGA/emp): $43,284

Employees: 134,785

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees

134,785

+7.3% YoY

Revenue / Employee

$703,543

Rev: $94,827,000,000

Profit / Employee

$28,149

NI: $3,794,000,000

SGA / Employee

$43,284

Avg labor cost proxy

R&D / Employee

$47,565

Innovation spend

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
ROE	21.1%	29.4%	31.1%	33.5%	33.6%	28.7%	27.9%	23.1%	27.9%	24.7%	21.4%	20.9%	10.7%	9.0%	8.4%	7.0%	4.9%	4.9%	4.7%	3.8%	3.82%
ROA	9.7%	14.1%	15.4%	16.9%	17.4%	15.4%	15.4%	12.8%	15.9%	14.2%	12.4%	12.1%	6.4%	5.4%	5.0%	4.2%	2.9%	2.9%	2.8%	2.2%	2.22%
ROIC	27.2%	37.0%	39.8%	45.6%	44.3%	37.4%	34.1%	27.5%	31.0%	23.8%	21.9%	23.1%	11.3%	9.9%	8.3%	6.2%	6.8%	7.3%	6.1%	4.5%	4.47%
ROCE	15.8%	21.9%	23.4%	25.3%	25.0%	22.0%	21.4%	17.7%	13.0%	11.2%	9.3%	9.8%	10.0%	8.8%	8.2%	7.0%	5.3%	5.3%	4.9%	3.9%	3.90%
Gross Margin	27.4%	29.1%	25.0%	25.1%	23.8%	19.3%	18.2%	17.9%	17.6%	17.4%	18.0%	19.8%	16.3%	16.3%	17.2%	18.0%	20.1%	21.1%	16.8%	19.6%	19.59%
Operating Margin	14.7%	19.2%	14.6%	17.2%	16.0%	11.4%	9.6%	7.6%	8.2%	5.5%	6.3%	10.8%	6.2%	2.1%	4.1%	5.8%	5.7%	4.2%	1.4%	2.6%	2.56%
Net Margin	13.1%	17.7%	13.3%	15.3%	15.3%	10.8%	10.8%	7.9%	31.5%	6.5%	5.5%	8.6%	9.0%	2.1%	5.2%	4.9%	3.4%	2.2%	3.9%	2.8%	2.81%
EBITDA Margin	20.1%	24.3%	20.3%	21.7%	20.6%	16.6%	16.5%	14.2%	13.8%	13.5%	12.7%	16.8%	17.0%	11.0%	13.6%	13.0%	11.7%	10.9%	10.7%	10.3%	10.33%
FCF Margin	6.5%	11.1%	10.3%	11.9%	9.3%	6.7%	6.6%	3.9%	4.5%	1.5%	1.8%	3.7%	3.7%	7.1%	6.0%	7.1%	6.6%	7.2%	5.6%	3.2%	3.19%
OCF Margin	21.4%	22.3%	21.0%	21.4%	18.1%	15.4%	14.8%	12.7%	13.7%	11.6%	12.1%	14.9%	15.3%	17.6%	17.0%	16.5%	15.6%	16.9%	18.0%	18.1%	18.07%
ROE 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				9.55%
ROE 5Y Avg	snapshot only																				15.38%
ROA 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				5.58%
ROIC 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				13.70%
ROIC Economic	snapshot only																				2.60%
Cash ROA	snapshot only																				11.88%
Cash ROIC	snapshot only																				31.03%
CROIC	snapshot only																				5.48%
NOPAT Margin	snapshot only																				2.60%
Pretax Margin	snapshot only																				4.07%
R&D / Revenue	snapshot only																				8.56%
SGA / Revenue	snapshot only																				7.23%
SBC / Revenue	snapshot only																				4.15%

Valuation

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
P/E Ratio	274.77	148.49	81.71	82.21	34.02	61.09	74.49	81.06	57.85	44.14	54.79	71.00	195.34	145.07	184.40	297.66	419.49	339.33	389.97	388.73	405.333
P/S Ratio	28.18	20.05	11.58	12.29	5.25	8.36	9.68	9.11	8.97	6.46	7.23	9.42	14.54	9.53	12.06	16.40	16.78	13.44	14.37	12.13	15.315
P/B Ratio	50.23	36.59	21.38	23.08	9.58	14.97	17.81	16.35	13.85	9.51	10.36	13.08	19.48	12.22	14.46	19.61	19.38	15.64	17.14	14.07	14.561
P/FCF	435.39	180.33	112.23	103.32	56.68	124.52	147.75	235.33	199.15	443.16	401.18	253.44	396.62	134.59	200.12	229.45	255.88	187.89	258.40	380.38	380.376
P/OCF	131.90	90.04	55.23	57.38	29.07	54.33	65.24	71.85	65.46	55.75	59.73	63.19	95.18	54.20	70.91	99.57	107.92	79.58	79.69	67.15	67.150
EV/EBITDA	156.64	95.54	53.41	55.82	23.31	41.42	50.62	52.47	57.32	43.16	51.87	64.63	95.01	63.66	79.42	116.92	132.26	106.05	120.95	108.95	108.946
EV/Revenue	28.01	19.88	11.39	12.08	5.05	8.17	9.50	8.93	8.76	6.29	7.04	9.20	14.30	9.28	11.80	16.15	16.41	13.07	14.04	11.85	11.851
EV/EBIT	224.55	126.54	70.09	71.80	29.59	53.83	66.17	71.99	83.74	66.69	84.49	102.41	149.61	105.90	135.87	214.20	277.04	221.56	262.07	269.04	269.044
EV/FCF	432.86	178.74	110.47	101.61	54.50	121.61	144.95	230.51	194.67	430.90	390.57	247.66	390.22	131.07	195.88	226.05	250.14	182.82	252.47	371.60	371.596
Earnings Yield	0.4%	0.7%	1.2%	1.2%	2.9%	1.6%	1.3%	1.2%	1.7%	2.3%	1.8%	1.4%	0.5%	0.7%	0.5%	0.3%	0.2%	0.3%	0.3%	0.3%	0.26%
FCF Yield	0.2%	0.6%	0.9%	1.0%	1.8%	0.8%	0.7%	0.4%	0.5%	0.2%	0.2%	0.4%	0.3%	0.7%	0.5%	0.4%	0.4%	0.5%	0.4%	0.3%	0.26%
Price/Tangible Book	snapshot only																				14.150
EV/OCF	snapshot only																				65.600
EV/Gross Profit	snapshot only																				61.449
Acquirers Multiple	snapshot only																				354.120
Shareholder Yield	snapshot only																				0.01%
Graham Number	snapshot only																				$22.76

Leverage & Solvency

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
Current Ratio	1.38	1.35	1.43	1.46	1.53	1.57	1.59	1.69	1.73	1.72	1.91	1.84	2.02	2.00	2.04	2.07	2.16	2.04	1.94	1.74	1.739
Quick Ratio	1.08	1.04	1.06	1.04	1.05	1.04	1.07	1.18	1.25	1.17	1.40	1.37	1.61	1.54	1.55	1.67	1.77	1.62	1.55	1.39	1.391
Debt/Equity	0.29	0.21	0.18	0.15	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.19	0.18	0.19	0.18	0.17	0.24	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.18	0.184
Net Debt/Equity	-0.29	-0.32	-0.34	-0.38	-0.37	-0.35	-0.34	-0.33	-0.31	-0.26	-0.27	-0.30	-0.31	-0.32	-0.31	-0.29	-0.43	-0.42	-0.39	-0.32	-0.325
Debt/Assets	0.14	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.14	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.10	0.104
Debt/EBITDA	0.92	0.54	0.47	0.36	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.50	0.65	0.72	0.97	0.92	0.93	0.94	0.95	1.43	0.71	0.76	0.78	1.46	1.460
Net Debt/EBITDA	-0.92	-0.85	-0.85	-0.94	-0.93	-0.99	-0.98	-1.10	-1.32	-1.23	-1.41	-1.51	-1.56	-1.71	-1.72	-1.76	-3.03	-2.94	-2.84	-2.57	-2.574
Interest Coverage	18.10	29.34	36.16	55.02	72.83	82.09	94.40	92.91	64.93	43.99	30.41	27.71	26.69	22.99	22.06	20.66	16.62	17.04	16.62	13.11	13.109
Equity Multiplier	2.06	1.94	1.88	1.87	1.84	1.81	1.77	1.76	1.70	1.70	1.70	1.71	1.67	1.68	1.66	1.67	1.68	1.71	1.71	1.76	1.764
Cash Ratio	snapshot only																				1.122
Debt Service Coverage	snapshot only																				32.374
Cash to Debt	snapshot only																				2.764
FCF to Debt	snapshot only																				0.201
Defensive Interval	snapshot only																				1107.4 days

Efficiency & Turnover

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
Asset Turnover	0.94	1.05	1.09	1.13	1.13	1.13	1.18	1.14	1.02	0.97	0.94	0.91	0.85	0.82	0.77	0.75	0.73	0.73	0.75	0.71	0.711
Inventory Turnover	8.16	8.38	7.63	7.08	6.52	6.28	6.57	6.40	5.98	5.12	5.49	5.62	6.26	5.30	5.32	5.92	6.37	5.63	5.94	6.34	6.341
Receivables Turnover	28.34	29.61	31.91	36.04	33.49	32.44	34.02	40.71	29.96	27.54	26.54	33.31	24.65	24.96	24.48	23.86	21.09	25.29	26.15	22.87	22.866
Payables Turnover	5.00	5.09	5.22	4.96	4.80	4.89	5.57	5.53	5.33	5.09	5.54	5.56	5.96	5.59	5.83	5.78	6.02	5.62	5.89	5.56	5.562
DSO	13	12	11	10	11	11	11	9	12	13	14	11	15	15	15	15	17	14	14	16	16.0 days
DIO	45	44	48	52	56	58	56	57	61	71	66	65	58	69	69	62	57	65	61	58	57.6 days
DPO	73	72	70	74	76	75	65	66	68	72	66	66	61	65	63	63	61	65	62	66	65.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle	-15	-16	-11	-12	-9	-5	1	-0	5	13	14	10	12	18	21	14	14	14	13	8	7.9 days
Fixed Asset Turnover	snapshot only																				1.812
Operating Cycle	snapshot only																				73.5 days
Cash Velocity	snapshot only																				2.279
Capital Intensity	snapshot only																				1.521

Growth (YoY)

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
Revenue	70.7%	73.0%	60.4%	59.8%	51.4%	38.3%	40.0%	28.1%	18.8%	10.1%	1.4%	1.3%	0.9%	1.0%	-2.7%	-1.6%	-2.9%	2.3%	11.8%	8.3%	8.30%
Net Income	7.4%	6.8%	3.5%	2.3%	1.3%	40.2%	28.4%	-3.6%	19.2%	17.8%	2.9%	19.5%	-51.5%	-54.7%	-51.8%	-59.1%	-47.8%	-38.4%	-37.0%	-38.6%	-38.65%
EPS	5.6%	6.6%	3.4%	2.2%	1.8%	40.4%	27.9%	-4.3%	18.6%	17.3%	2.8%	19.4%	-51.9%	-55.1%	-52.3%	-59.5%	-48.1%	-38.7%	-37.4%	-38.9%	-38.91%
FCF	29.0%	1.9%	1.7%	2.5%	1.2%	-16.5%	-11.1%	-58.3%	-42.3%	-76.1%	-72.1%	-2.8%	-17.8%	3.9%	2.3%	89.3%	73.7%	3.2%	3.2%	-51.7%	-51.67%
EBITDA	1.3%	1.8%	1.5%	1.2%	83.4%	31.1%	23.1%	0.7%	-16.2%	-18.7%	-26.7%	-15.2%	-0.6%	1.2%	6.6%	-4.5%	-20.0%	-13.6%	-12.7%	-14.7%	-14.74%
Op. Income	2.3%	3.1%	2.2%	1.8%	1.1%	33.4%	18.4%	-13.3%	-34.9%	-41.8%	-47.8%	-29.6%	-20.4%	-14.8%	-14.9%	-40.1%	-38.5%	-22.3%	-22.2%	-23.5%	-23.47%
OCF Growth	snapshot only																				18.81%
Asset Growth	snapshot only																				17.78%
Equity Growth	snapshot only																				11.65%
Debt Growth	snapshot only																				-13.23%
Shares Change	snapshot only																				0.43%

Growth (CAGR)

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
Revenue 3Y	35.9%	40.1%	39.1%	45.3%	49.1%	49.0%	54.1%	50.4%	45.3%	38.1%	31.6%	27.5%	22.0%	15.5%	11.3%	8.5%	5.2%	4.4%	3.3%	2.6%	2.59%
Revenue 5Y	50.4%	48.7%	46.2%	47.4%	47.3%	47.1%	47.0%	40.5%	35.2%	33.2%	30.8%	31.8%	31.8%	29.8%	29.2%	27.7%	24.6%	22.2%	19.9%	17.2%	17.19%
EPS 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.1%	1.7%	1.8%	1.3%	78.9%	53.4%	17.3%	-9.6%	-14.4%	-22.6%	-33.4%	-31.4%	-32.5%	-33.4%	-33.38%
EPS 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	70.8%	56.7%	40.6%	28.1%	11.3%	-2.2%	-2.20%
Net Income 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.2%	1.7%	1.8%	1.3%	81.0%	55.4%	9.6%	-9.2%	-14.0%	-22.2%	-32.9%	-31.0%	-32.1%	-33.1%	-33.08%
Net Income 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	75.1%	58.6%	41.9%	29.1%	12.5%	-1.2%	-1.22%
EBITDA 3Y	83.5%	94.7%	86.4%	95.9%	1.0%	78.5%	71.6%	61.1%	51.9%	43.3%	30.3%	23.7%	15.2%	2.6%	-1.3%	-6.6%	-12.7%	-10.7%	-12.0%	-11.6%	-11.62%
EBITDA 5Y	89.0%	85.8%	80.1%	1.3%	—	—	—	1.0%	56.9%	51.1%	42.3%	45.0%	46.6%	36.1%	31.6%	27.6%	22.7%	20.8%	15.5%	9.0%	9.02%
Gross Profit 3Y	49.9%	59.5%	59.9%	69.1%	72.4%	61.4%	58.4%	47.2%	38.6%	30.3%	22.3%	17.8%	8.6%	0.1%	-3.8%	-6.5%	-6.4%	-2.1%	-1.1%	1.7%	1.68%
Gross Profit 5Y	53.4%	52.9%	49.9%	55.1%	56.5%	58.2%	59.4%	44.3%	34.3%	32.3%	30.6%	33.9%	33.8%	29.0%	26.1%	22.3%	20.9%	19.6%	16.2%	13.0%	13.03%
Op. Income 3Y	—	—	3.2%	—	—	1.6%	1.2%	82.1%	64.6%	47.5%	26.1%	19.0%	2.7%	-12.9%	-19.3%	-28.5%	-31.7%	-27.2%	-29.8%	-31.4%	-31.38%
Op. Income 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.2%	—	—	53.7%	35.5%	20.6%	16.9%	16.3%	5.9%	-5.0%	-5.02%
FCF 3Y	—	—	72.1%	1.2%	98.3%	79.9%	97.6%	26.7%	17.3%	-16.8%	-13.1%	12.1%	0.9%	-0.7%	-6.9%	-8.4%	-6.3%	6.6%	-2.2%	-3.8%	-3.83%
FCF 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.8%	32.8%	29.9%	46.9%	47.5%	30.2%	18.2%	23.8%	17.1%	5.2%	5.21%
OCF 3Y	76.3%	95.4%	70.3%	93.4%	82.9%	71.9%	72.8%	40.9%	30.7%	11.0%	7.9%	13.4%	9.1%	6.7%	3.8%	-0.6%	0.1%	7.7%	10.2%	15.4%	15.43%
OCF 5Y	—	2.0%	—	—	—	—	—	54.7%	44.6%	42.7%	32.3%	45.6%	44.1%	45.2%	42.3%	29.4%	19.9%	15.5%	15.3%	13.5%	13.51%
Assets 3Y	27.8%	31.7%	29.1%	31.4%	33.9%	32.6%	33.4%	27.2%	26.9%	27.3%	27.0%	27.5%	25.2%	23.7%	23.3%	21.6%	18.7%	18.3%	17.9%	18.8%	18.80%
Assets 5Y	22.3%	21.4%	21.3%	21.5%	23.5%	26.1%	26.6%	26.3%	29.1%	30.5%	28.8%	29.6%	28.9%	27.4%	27.5%	24.0%	21.5%	22.1%	21.9%	22.2%	22.19%
Equity 3Y	83.0%	94.9%	85.3%	87.6%	89.0%	73.7%	73.1%	49.4%	41.3%	40.9%	38.9%	37.2%	34.2%	29.9%	28.6%	26.1%	22.5%	20.5%	19.3%	18.6%	18.64%
Book Value 3Y	56.4%	76.9%	69.6%	73.9%	76.0%	65.2%	66.7%	46.8%	39.6%	39.7%	37.2%	35.5%	43.5%	29.3%	27.9%	25.4%	21.7%	19.7%	18.6%	18.1%	18.10%
Dividend 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Growth Quality

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
Revenue Stability	0.89	0.87	0.86	0.86	0.87	0.90	0.90	0.91	0.92	0.94	0.94	0.95	0.95	0.93	0.84	0.83	0.79	0.80	0.76	0.75	0.750
Earnings Stability	0.60	0.62	0.69	0.75	0.80	0.87	0.91	0.89	0.91	0.93	0.92	0.91	0.59	0.49	0.42	0.31	0.05	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.043
Margin Stability	0.84	0.83	0.84	0.84	0.82	0.80	0.78	0.84	0.84	0.82	0.82	0.81	0.79	0.80	0.81	0.82	0.84	0.88	0.89	0.88	0.882
Rev. Growth Consistency	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.00	0.50	0.50	0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.50	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.000
FCF Positive Streak	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Earnings Persistence	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.84	0.89	0.99	0.92	0.93	0.99	0.92	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.81	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.845
Earnings Smoothness	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.22	0.67	0.75	0.96	0.82	0.84	0.97	0.82	0.31	0.25	0.30	0.16	0.37	0.53	0.55	0.52	0.521
ROE Trend	0.23	0.23	0.20	0.20	0.18	0.10	0.07	-0.00	0.01	-0.03	-0.06	-0.06	-0.16	-0.15	-0.14	-0.13	-0.12	-0.10	-0.09	-0.09	-0.089
Gross Margin Trend	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.04	0.02	-0.01	-0.03	-0.05	-0.07	-0.07	-0.07	-0.05	-0.04	-0.03	-0.02	-0.02	-0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.017
FCF Margin Trend	0.00	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.02	-0.02	-0.02	-0.05	-0.03	-0.07	-0.07	-0.04	-0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	-0.02	-0.022
Sustainable Growth Rate	21.1%	29.4%	31.1%	33.5%	33.6%	28.7%	27.9%	23.1%	27.9%	24.7%	21.4%	20.9%	10.7%	9.0%	8.4%	7.0%	4.9%	4.9%	4.6%	3.7%	3.74%
Internal Growth Rate	10.7%	16.4%	18.2%	20.4%	21.1%	18.2%	18.2%	14.7%	18.9%	16.5%	14.1%	13.7%	6.8%	5.7%	5.3%	4.3%	3.0%	3.0%	2.8%	2.2%	2.22%

Cash Flow Quality

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
OCF/Net Income	2.08	1.65	1.48	1.43	1.17	1.12	1.14	1.13	0.88	0.79	0.92	1.12	2.05	2.68	2.60	2.99	3.89	4.26	4.89	5.79	5.789
FCF/OCF	0.30	0.50	0.49	0.56	0.51	0.44	0.44	0.31	0.33	0.13	0.15	0.25	0.24	0.40	0.35	0.43	0.42	0.42	0.31	0.18	0.177
FCF/Net Income	snapshot only																				1.022
OCF/EBITDA	snapshot only																				1.661
CapEx/Revenue	14.9%	11.2%	10.6%	9.5%	8.8%	8.7%	8.3%	8.8%	9.2%	10.1%	10.3%	11.2%	11.6%	10.5%	11.0%	9.3%	9.0%	9.7%	12.5%	14.9%	14.88%
CapEx/Depreciation	snapshot only																				2.298
Accruals Ratio	-0.10	-0.09	-0.07	-0.07	-0.03	-0.02	-0.02	-0.02	0.02	0.03	0.01	-0.01	-0.07	-0.09	-0.08	-0.08	-0.08	-0.09	-0.11	-0.11	-0.106
Sloan Accruals	snapshot only																				-0.070
Cash Flow Adequacy	snapshot only																				1.209
Earnings Quality Score	snapshot only																				0.750

Dividends & Buybacks

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
Dividend Yield	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00%
Dividend/Share	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.02	$0.02	$0.00
Payout Ratio	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	1.8%	2.2%	2.17%
FCF Payout Ratio	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	1.2%	2.1%	2.12%
Total Payout Ratio	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	1.8%	2.2%	2.17%
Div. Increase Streak	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0	0	0
Chowder Number	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Buyback Yield	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00%
Net Buyback Yield	-0.0%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.0%	-0.0%	-0.0%	-0.0%	-0.00%
Total Shareholder Return	-0.0%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.1%	-0.0%	-0.0%	-0.0%	0.0%	0.00%

DuPont Factors

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT)	0.87	0.89	0.90	0.90	0.92	0.91	0.92	0.92	1.50	1.53	1.59	1.49	0.79	0.79	0.79	0.77	0.72	0.71	0.73	0.77	0.767
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT)	0.94	0.97	0.97	0.98	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.98	1.01	1.00	0.99	0.99	0.94	0.95	0.95	0.94	0.94	0.94	0.92	0.924
EBIT Margin	0.12	0.16	0.16	0.17	0.17	0.15	0.14	0.12	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.044
Asset Turnover	0.94	1.05	1.09	1.13	1.13	1.13	1.18	1.14	1.02	0.97	0.94	0.91	0.85	0.82	0.77	0.75	0.73	0.73	0.75	0.71	0.711
Equity Multiplier	2.18	2.08	2.02	1.98	1.93	1.86	1.82	1.80	1.76	1.74	1.73	1.73	1.69	1.69	1.68	1.69	1.68	1.69	1.69	1.72	1.721

Per Share

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
EPS (Diluted TTM)	$1.28	$2.42	$2.75	$3.23	$3.62	$3.40	$3.51	$3.09	$4.30	$3.98	$3.61	$3.69	$2.07	$1.79	$1.72	$1.49	$1.07	$1.10	$1.08	$0.91	$0.91
Book Value/Share	$7.01	$9.82	$10.50	$11.49	$12.86	$13.86	$14.70	$15.31	$17.94	$18.48	$19.09	$20.00	$20.73	$21.20	$21.97	$22.68	$23.21	$23.78	$24.54	$25.22	$27.73
Tangible Book/Share	$6.61	$9.32	$10.31	$11.31	$12.69	$13.69	$14.51	$15.13	$17.76	$18.36	$18.98	$19.88	$20.31	$21.09	$21.86	$22.57	$23.10	$23.55	$24.54	$25.07	$25.07
Revenue/Share	$12.50	$17.91	$19.39	$21.59	$23.44	$24.81	$27.04	$27.46	$27.71	$27.19	$27.38	$27.78	$27.78	$27.19	$26.35	$27.12	$26.79	$27.67	$29.27	$29.25	$31.97
FCF/Share	$0.81	$1.99	$2.00	$2.57	$2.17	$1.67	$1.77	$1.06	$1.25	$0.40	$0.49	$1.03	$1.02	$1.93	$1.59	$1.94	$1.76	$1.98	$1.63	$0.93	$1.02
OCF/Share	$2.67	$3.99	$4.06	$4.62	$4.24	$3.82	$4.01	$3.48	$3.80	$3.15	$3.31	$4.14	$4.24	$4.78	$4.48	$4.47	$4.17	$4.67	$5.28	$5.28	$5.77
Cash/Share	$4.11	$5.19	$5.46	$6.09	$6.38	$6.46	$6.63	$7.47	$8.33	$7.71	$8.83	$9.62	$10.40	$10.51	$10.45	$11.98	$12.45	$12.65	$12.29	$12.83	$14.03
EBITDA/Share	$2.24	$3.73	$4.14	$4.67	$5.08	$4.89	$5.07	$4.67	$4.24	$3.96	$3.71	$3.96	$4.18	$3.96	$3.92	$3.75	$3.32	$3.41	$3.40	$3.18	$3.18
Debt/Share	$2.06	$2.02	$1.92	$1.69	$1.65	$1.61	$1.67	$2.34	$2.74	$2.84	$3.60	$3.66	$3.87	$3.73	$3.73	$5.38	$2.37	$2.61	$2.64	$4.64	$4.64
Net Debt/Share	$-2.05	$-3.16	$-3.54	$-4.39	$-4.73	$-4.85	$-4.96	$-5.12	$-5.59	$-4.87	$-5.23	$-5.97	$-6.52	$-6.78	$-6.72	$-6.60	$-10.08	$-10.04	$-9.66	$-8.19	$-8.19

Academic Models

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
Altman Z-Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	12.487
Altman Z-Prime	snapshot only																				21.788
Piotroski F-Score	7	7	7	7	8	8	7	5	5	4	3	6	4	4	5	4	6	6	5	5	5
Beneish M-Score	-2.57	-2.43	-2.67	-2.44	-1.93	-1.98	-1.65	-2.07	-1.64	-1.64	-2.03	-2.01	-2.50	-2.84	-2.77	-2.41	-2.50	-2.96	-2.65	-2.68	-2.677
Ohlson O-Score	snapshot only																				-9.880
ROIC (Greenblatt)	snapshot only																				5.24%
Net-Net WC	snapshot only																				$0.77
EVA	snapshot only																				$-3331734171.81

Credit

Metric	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Q2'26	Q3'26	Current
Credit Rating	snapshot only																				AA-
Credit Score	92.29	95.97	97.25	97.15	97.26	97.09	97.11	94.50	94.47	92.32	92.43	93.02	95.57	96.54	96.31	93.31	96.17	95.97	96.21	84.33	84.329
Credit Grade	snapshot only																				4
Credit Trend	snapshot only																				-8.979
Implied Spread (bps)	snapshot only																				100.000
Industry Credit Rank	snapshot only																				66
Sector Credit Rank	snapshot only																				79

TSLA NASDAQ

Edge Score

Analyst Insights

Financial Rating

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Risk & Quality Signals

Valuation

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Profitability Trends

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Earnings Stability

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Executive Compensation

C-Suite Compensation

CEO Pay Ratio

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Scaling Efficiency

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