— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: CXGEF (OTC) · $vol 0M

0046.HK HKSE

Computer And Technologies Holdings Limited
1W: +1.6% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.8% YTD: -12.1% 1Y: -23.0% 3Y: -39.5% 5Y: -45.1%
HK$1.19 ($0.15)
-0.05 (-4.03%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±4.3%
HK$1 HK$1 HK$1 HK$1 HK$1
HKSE · Technology · Information Technology Services · Tech Score Sell · Power 43 · HK$301.7M mcap · 63M float · 0.045% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 05, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
2
ROA
3
D/E
3
P/E
3
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. 0046.HK receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), P/B (5/5). Areas of concern: ROE (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-02 A A-
2026-09-15 None ADDED
2026-09-14 EXISTED None
2026-09-02 None ADDED
2026-09-02 EXISTED None
2026-08-19 None ADDED
2026-08-18 EXISTED None
2026-08-11 None ADDED
2026-08-11 EXISTED None
2026-08-06 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 55 Grade A+
Profitability
55
Balance Sheet
96
Earnings Quality
66
Growth
17
Value
88
Momentum
52
Safety
65
Cash Flow
75
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. 0046.HK scores highest in Balance Sheet (96/100) and lowest in Growth (17/100). An overall grade of A+ places 0046.HK among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
2.98
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-3.17
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.37
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 80.9/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.06x
Accruals: -8.2%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. 0046.HK scores 2.98, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. 0046.HK scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. 0046.HK's score of -3.17 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. 0046.HK's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. 0046.HK receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 80.9/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). 0046.HK's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
14.11x
PEG
-0.53x
P/S
1.25x
P/B
0.60x
P/FCF
3.07x
P/OCF
2.86x
EV/EBITDA
-0.49x
EV/Revenue
-0.09x
EV/EBIT
-0.62x
EV/FCF
-0.45x
Earnings Yield
16.98%
FCF Yield
32.56%
Shareholder Yield
17.44%
Graham Number
$3.11
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 14.1x earnings, 0046.HK trades at a reasonable valuation. An earnings yield of 17.0% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $3.11 per share, suggesting a potential 151% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.639
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.142
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.141
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.755
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.302
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
10.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. 0046.HK's ROE of 10.1% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.755), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$1.78
Price/Value
0.69x
Margin of Safety
30.72%
Premium
-30.72%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with 0046.HK's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. 0046.HK trades at a -31% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $1.78, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 14.1x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$1.24
Median 1Y
$1.07
5th Pctile
$0.69
95th Pctile
$1.67
Ann. Volatility
27.5%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 21.9% 21.6% 23.7% 25.4% 26.6% 27.9% 26.5% 24.4% 23.4% 22.1% 22.7% 23.3% 19.5% 19.3% 15.7% 15.0% 12.2% 12.3% 9.5% 10.1% 10.11%
ROA 16.8% 16.4% 18.2% 17.7% 19.8% 20.8% 20.0% 17.8% 17.9% 16.7% 17.3% 17.9% 15.0% 14.9% 12.0% 11.5% 9.2% 9.5% 7.2% 7.8% 7.77%
ROIC 42.9% 39.6% 45.0% 50.9% 45.9% 41.9% 43.4% 42.0% 42.1% 40.4% 40.0% 38.9% 39.1% 35.8% 30.6% 24.9% 10.4% 22.4% 23.7% 25.6% 25.57%
ROCE 21.8% 23.3% 24.4% 27.1% 27.7% 29.1% 27.4% 24.6% 23.3% 21.5% 22.1% 23.6% 20.4% 20.4% 17.4% 16.3% 14.2% 13.8% 14.3% 13.7% 13.69%
Gross Margin 55.5% 53.9% 58.8% 56.0% 57.6% 53.3% 54.0% 53.0% 54.1% 50.0% 58.5% 51.7% 47.9% 47.3% 47.3% 48.6% 55.6% 56.7% 59.5% 50.8% 50.76%
Operating Margin 20.8% 14.6% 22.3% 20.6% 22.4% 19.1% 17.5% 15.9% 19.6% 15.5% 24.1% 16.1% 14.1% 10.3% 9.9% 11.4% 7.5% 14.7% 15.1% 15.1% 15.13%
Net Margin 20.1% 19.3% 23.2% 23.1% 25.1% 21.5% 19.1% 16.9% 29.0% 17.1% 23.1% 17.0% 17.9% 14.2% 11.7% 14.2% 8.2% 15.5% -0.1% 17.9% 17.94%
EBITDA Margin 20.9% 18.4% 22.3% 23.9% 22.0% 30.6% 24.4% 22.3% 35.4% 22.5% 31.4% 26.0% 27.1% 24.3% 22.3% 25.3% 17.4% 16.0% 15.9% 22.4% 22.44%
FCF Margin 13.1% 13.7% 16.7% 19.6% 20.8% 19.8% 18.6% 20.5% 23.0% 24.5% 25.3% 24.1% 22.9% 23.4% 23.3% 21.2% 20.9% 17.5% 18.3% 19.7% 19.72%
OCF Margin 13.7% 14.3% 17.1% 20.1% 21.2% 20.3% 19.1% 21.7% 24.3% 25.7% 26.9% 24.8% 23.5% 24.1% 25.0% 22.9% 23.6% 20.3% 19.8% 21.2% 21.18%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 15.96%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 19.27%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 12.28%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 32.61%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 8.16%
Cash ROA snapshot only 16.27%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 65.85%
CROIC snapshot only 61.31%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 8.22%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 16.10%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 4.31%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 38.18%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only -0.06%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 4.53 5.22 4.55 4.39 4.10 5.26 4.70 3.78 3.94 5.08 4.86 4.79 5.16 5.21 7.08 6.32 5.59 5.70 8.26 5.89 14.107
P/S Ratio 0.89 1.00 0.93 0.94 0.94 1.23 1.05 0.79 0.86 1.05 1.06 1.04 0.97 0.95 1.08 0.92 0.67 0.70 0.78 0.61 1.251
P/B Ratio 0.97 1.11 1.05 1.09 1.05 1.41 1.21 0.89 0.89 1.09 1.06 1.08 1.00 1.00 1.13 0.96 0.70 0.71 0.80 0.60 0.601
P/FCF 6.81 7.30 5.58 4.80 4.50 6.18 5.61 3.86 3.75 4.30 4.20 4.33 4.26 4.04 4.65 4.36 3.21 4.00 4.27 3.07 3.071
P/OCF 6.51 7.01 5.43 4.68 4.42 6.05 5.47 3.64 3.54 4.10 3.95 4.21 4.14 3.93 4.33 4.03 2.85 3.45 3.95 2.86 2.859
EV/EBITDA 1.78 2.49 2.03 1.99 2.03 3.27 2.40 1.32 1.07 1.92 1.80 1.81 1.52 1.50 1.98 1.52 2.07 0.45 0.64 -0.49 -0.491
EV/Revenue 0.39 0.55 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.81 0.60 0.33 0.30 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.41 0.41 0.49 0.38 0.46 0.09 0.12 -0.09 -0.088
EV/EBIT 1.88 2.52 1.92 1.77 1.73 3.05 2.46 1.47 1.30 2.35 2.20 2.22 1.99 2.04 2.89 2.30 3.22 0.64 0.83 -0.62 -0.624
EV/FCF 3.01 3.99 2.56 2.17 2.12 4.06 3.23 1.61 1.32 2.07 2.02 2.19 1.79 1.74 2.12 1.78 2.20 0.52 0.65 -0.45 -0.446
Earnings Yield 22.1% 19.2% 22.0% 22.8% 24.4% 19.0% 21.3% 26.4% 25.4% 19.7% 20.6% 20.9% 19.4% 19.2% 14.1% 15.8% 17.9% 17.5% 12.1% 17.0% 16.98%
FCF Yield 14.7% 13.7% 17.9% 20.8% 22.2% 16.2% 17.8% 25.9% 26.7% 23.2% 23.8% 23.1% 23.5% 24.7% 21.5% 22.9% 31.1% 25.0% 23.4% 32.6% 32.56%
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.820
EV/OCF snapshot only -0.415
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only -0.158
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only -0.679
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 17.44%
Graham Number snapshot only $3.11
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.32 2.48 2.44 2.06 2.52 2.43 2.58 2.61 2.94 2.96 2.98 3.01 2.96 3.00 2.99 3.04 2.89 3.26 3.04 3.32 3.316
Quick Ratio 2.32 2.48 2.43 2.05 2.52 2.41 2.57 2.61 2.94 2.96 2.98 3.01 2.96 3.00 2.99 3.04 2.89 3.26 3.04 3.32 3.316
Debt/Equity 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.012
Net Debt/Equity -0.54 -0.50 -0.57 -0.60 -0.56 -0.48 -0.51 -0.52 -0.58 -0.57 -0.55 -0.54 -0.58 -0.57 -0.61 -0.57 -0.22 -0.61 -0.67 -0.68 -0.683
Debt/Assets 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.010
Debt/EBITDA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.12 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.07 0.070
Net Debt/EBITDA -2.25 -2.06 -2.38 -2.40 -2.28 -1.70 -1.76 -1.86 -1.96 -2.08 -1.95 -1.78 -2.10 -1.97 -2.36 -2.20 -0.95 -3.01 -3.54 -3.87 -3.871
Interest Coverage — — — — — 236.58 123.87 82.34 54.98 50.00 68.50 79.85 109.09 183.19 104.02 77.64 47.60 37.10 33.23 34.68 34.683
Equity Multiplier 1.37 1.33 1.34 1.44 1.32 1.35 1.32 1.31 1.30 1.29 1.30 1.29 1.30 1.29 1.30 1.32 1.34 1.29 1.33 1.28 1.282
Cash Ratio snapshot only 2.589
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 44.101
Cash to Debt snapshot only 56.042
FCF to Debt snapshot only 15.650
Defensive Interval snapshot only 751.9 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.85 0.86 0.89 0.83 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.85 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.82 0.79 0.82 0.79 0.79 0.77 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.755
Inventory Turnover 568.02 470.13 267.23 241.34 609.50 135.21 245.73 355.52 676.58 164.32 757.95 19743.84 22256.78 13374.67 10830.88 18912.28 19300.22 18856.69 19653.91 20915.24 20915.238
Receivables Turnover 12.17 9.77 13.77 9.91 12.17 10.14 9.97 9.84 9.83 9.64 7.37 12.01 7.58 8.75 7.67 8.86 8.96 10.17 7.22 6.71 6.712
Payables Turnover 10.02 12.52 10.57 9.00 10.13 11.93 12.21 11.87 11.59 13.61 17.89 19.08 14.57 21.30 24.14 20.36 17.84 25.61 22.67 18.85 18.855
DSO 30 37 27 37 30 36 37 37 37 38 50 30 48 42 48 41 41 36 51 54 54.4 days
DIO 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 36 29 35 41 36 31 30 31 32 27 20 19 25 17 15 18 20 14 16 19 19.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -6 9 -7 -2 -5 8 8 7 6 13 30 11 23 25 33 23 20 22 34 35 35.0 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 43.224
Operating Cycle snapshot only 54.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 1.416
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.302
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 20.1% 18.0% 19.3% 17.1% 12.0% 12.6% 8.7% 4.0% -0.6% -5.0% -6.4% -2.0% 0.4% 2.6% 0.9% -1.5% -2.9% -4.9% -4.5% -5.8% -5.75%
Net Income -2.6% -4.4% 12.7% 20.7% 29.6% 36.5% 18.4% 1.2% -5.2% -15.4% -8.0% 2.1% -13.1% -10.1% -29.5% -33.9% -38.1% -35.8% -40.9% -33.6% -33.57%
EPS -2.6% -4.6% 12.3% 20.7% 27.3% 33.6% 15.6% -1.2% -5.8% -15.5% -7.8% 2.2% -12.8% -9.8% -28.6% -33.0% -37.1% -34.6% -40.5% -33.3% -33.30%
FCF -4.1% 0.7% 55.6% 67.9% 77.6% 62.7% 21.6% 8.6% 9.6% 17.4% 27.1% 15.3% 0.1% -1.9% -7.2% -13.3% -11.2% -28.8% -24.9% -12.2% -12.20%
EBITDA 34.7% 28.0% 17.1% 11.8% 9.7% 25.8% 29.7% 20.3% 29.6% 1.7% 5.4% 14.7% -4.8% 6.0% -11.1% -16.0% -19.7% -29.4% -28.4% -31.8% -31.83%
Op. Income 29.9% 21.4% 13.9% 13.2% 10.2% 19.9% 12.3% -0.5% -11.2% -22.8% -10.9% -1.7% -2.6% -2.9% -32.8% -40.2% -46.0% -37.0% -9.1% 6.2% 6.19%
OCF Growth snapshot only -12.83%
Asset Growth snapshot only -3.27%
Equity Growth snapshot only -0.35%
Debt Growth snapshot only -71.19%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.41%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -30.72%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y -13.5% -12.7% -11.1% -7.7% -3.6% 3.8% 12.3% 11.3% 10.2% 8.1% 6.7% 6.1% 3.8% 3.2% 0.9% 0.2% -1.1% -2.5% -3.4% -3.1% -3.09%
Revenue 5Y 1.2% -1.3% -3.0% -4.7% -6.1% -6.1% -6.4% -6.4% -6.4% -6.5% -6.5% -4.3% -2.2% 1.7% 6.0% 5.9% 5.4% 4.3% 3.2% 2.1% 2.08%
EPS 3Y 1.6% -0.5% 1.8% 4.1% 6.9% 9.8% 8.2% 5.5% 5.3% 2.5% 6.2% 6.8% 1.5% 0.6% -8.7% -12.2% -19.7% -20.7% -26.8% -23.0% -22.99%
EPS 5Y 40.2% 28.2% 23.4% 18.7% 15.8% 13.5% 10.2% 6.2% 4.7% 2.2% 2.4% 2.7% 0.1% 0.2% -3.6% -4.3% -8.5% -8.7% -12.7% -11.4% -11.43%
Net Income 3Y 0.5% -1.0% 1.3% 4.1% 7.5% 10.7% 9.2% 6.4% 6.2% 3.4% 7.1% 7.7% 2.2% 1.3% -8.4% -11.9% -20.1% -21.2% -27.4% -23.5% -23.47%
Net Income 5Y 37.4% 26.0% 21.3% 17.4% 14.9% 13.2% 10.0% 6.0% 4.5% 2.3% 2.5% 3.1% 0.5% 0.6% -3.3% -4.0% -8.4% -8.6% -12.6% -11.3% -11.35%
EBITDA 3Y -1.5% -1.8% -2.5% -0.5% 1.5% 12.1% 16.1% 18.0% 24.2% 17.9% 17.0% 15.5% 10.6% 10.7% 6.7% 5.1% -0.3% -8.7% -12.5% -13.1% -13.06%
EBITDA 5Y 51.4% 43.9% 37.9% 22.5% 14.3% 11.7% 7.8% 5.4% 6.3% 3.9% 4.8% 6.3% 5.2% 8.7% 8.0% 9.7% 7.9% 4.2% 0.4% -2.4% -2.44%
Gross Profit 3Y 4.4% 6.1% 9.6% 11.7% 14.8% 16.2% 16.5% 13.3% 10.6% 8.3% 7.3% 5.8% 1.7% 0.7% -4.1% -5.1% -5.3% -5.1% -3.5% -2.5% -2.47%
Gross Profit 5Y 10.1% 8.7% 8.5% 7.1% 6.4% 6.4% 5.6% 4.9% 4.1% 4.1% 5.1% 6.3% 6.8% 6.9% 5.6% 4.2% 4.1% 4.1% 3.9% 2.6% 2.64%
Op. Income 3Y 0.7% -1.8% -3.3% -1.0% 1.5% 9.5% 10.7% 10.1% 8.3% 4.0% 4.4% 3.5% -1.6% -3.5% -12.4% -16.4% -22.4% -22.1% -18.4% -14.5% -14.55%
Op. Income 5Y 1.1% 64.3% 48.8% 26.5% 16.7% 11.8% 5.9% 2.7% -0.0% -2.6% -2.0% -1.1% -2.0% -0.3% -4.1% -4.8% -7.7% -7.2% -7.0% -6.8% -6.81%
FCF 3Y -23.6% -14.7% -9.8% -8.2% -4.3% 8.7% 1.7% 24.5% 23.1% 24.4% 34.0% 28.1% 24.9% 23.3% 12.8% 2.7% -0.9% -6.4% -4.0% -4.3% -4.28%
FCF 5Y -0.8% 9.9% 10.0% -0.9% -4.6% -12.1% -12.4% -6.6% -2.8% 3.5% 2.6% -0.7% -0.8% 8.1% 4.4% 14.0% 10.7% 6.1% 10.9% 9.8% 9.84%
OCF 3Y -23.1% -14.2% -9.7% -8.3% -4.6% 8.2% 1.7% 22.6% 21.4% 22.2% 30.8% 27.4% 24.2% 22.7% 14.4% 4.6% 2.5% -2.4% -2.3% -3.8% -3.84%
OCF 5Y -0.7% 9.6% 9.5% -1.2% -4.9% -12.2% -12.5% -6.1% -2.2% 4.0% 3.3% -0.7% -0.8% 8.0% 5.4% 13.5% 11.1% 7.0% 9.7% 10.4% 10.44%
Assets 3Y 5.4% 2.8% 5.1% 9.2% 8.5% 8.5% 7.4% 6.3% 8.5% 5.5% 8.1% 2.5% 3.9% 3.9% 2.5% 0.8% 2.1% 0.6% 1.2% 0.8% 0.80%
Assets 5Y 10.1% 9.5% 8.0% 9.4% 8.1% 8.6% 6.6% 6.5% 5.3% 3.8% 5.4% 5.9% 6.5% 5.4% 5.0% 4.9% 5.2% 3.4% 4.0% 0.9% 0.87%
Equity 3Y 6.1% 5.9% 5.7% 5.0% 6.1% 6.2% 5.3% 5.3% 6.7% 5.8% 6.8% 5.9% 5.7% 4.8% 3.7% 3.8% 1.6% 2.0% 0.8% 1.4% 1.40%
Book Value 3Y 7.2% 6.4% 6.2% 5.0% 5.5% 5.4% 4.3% 4.4% 5.8% 4.9% 5.9% 5.1% 5.0% 4.1% 3.3% 3.5% 2.0% 2.7% 1.5% 2.0% 2.04%
Dividend 3Y 0.1% 0.7% 2.7% -3.3% 4.7% 5.4% 1.3% 17.1% -1.0% -3.0% -5.3% -8.6% 0.8% 1.2% 4.3% -4.5% -6.3% -15.0% -14.7% -11.1% -11.08%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.04 0.17 0.26 0.44 0.52 0.40 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.23 0.17 0.51 0.62 0.64 0.57 0.43 0.27 0.22 0.216
Earnings Stability 0.68 0.64 0.66 0.70 0.71 0.68 0.72 0.72 0.63 0.39 0.55 0.68 0.20 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.22 0.37 0.42 0.421
Margin Stability 0.73 0.74 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.76 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.81 0.87 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.942
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.99 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.85 0.93 1.00 0.98 0.94 0.97 0.99 0.95 0.96 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.86 0.84 0.87 0.866
Earnings Smoothness 0.97 0.95 0.88 0.81 0.74 0.69 0.83 0.99 0.95 0.83 0.92 0.98 0.86 0.89 0.65 0.59 0.53 0.56 0.49 0.60 0.597
ROE Trend -0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.05 -0.05 -0.08 -0.08 -0.09 -0.08 -0.09 -0.09 -0.087
Gross Margin Trend 0.12 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.06 -0.06 -0.03 -0.00 0.04 0.05 0.049
FCF Margin Trend -0.06 -0.03 -0.02 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.06 -0.06 -0.03 -0.029
Sustainable Growth Rate 5.1% 4.4% 5.1% 10.6% 8.2% 8.3% 7.7% 1.2% 6.4% 5.0% 7.4% 6.4% 2.5% 1.7% -1.4% 0.5% -1.7% 1.8% -1.2% -0.0% -0.02%
Internal Growth Rate 4.1% 3.4% 4.1% 8.0% 6.5% 6.6% 6.1% 0.9% 5.2% 3.9% 6.0% 5.2% 2.0% 1.3% — 0.4% — 1.4% — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.70 0.75 0.84 0.94 0.93 0.87 0.86 1.04 1.11 1.24 1.23 1.14 1.25 1.32 1.64 1.57 1.96 1.65 2.09 2.06 2.060
FCF/OCF 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.92 0.93 0.931
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.918
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 1.182
CapEx/Revenue 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 1.2% 1.3% 1.2% 1.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.3% 0.3% 1.2% 1.3% 1.5% 1.5% 1.46%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.382
Accruals Ratio 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.04 -0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.08 -0.07 -0.09 -0.06 -0.08 -0.08 -0.082
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.021
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.800
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 17.0% 15.3% 17.3% 13.3% 16.9% 13.3% 15.1% 25.1% 18.4% 15.2% 13.9% 15.1% 16.9% 17.5% 15.4% 15.3% 20.4% 15.0% 13.6% 17.0% 8.47%
Dividend/Share $0.30 $0.31 $0.34 $0.27 $0.34 $0.36 $0.35 $0.43 $0.34 $0.34 $0.31 $0.34 $0.35 $0.36 $0.36 $0.30 $0.29 $0.22 $0.22 $0.21 $0.10
Payout Ratio 76.8% 79.8% 78.6% 58.3% 69.1% 70.1% 71.0% 94.9% 72.5% 77.5% 67.3% 72.6% 87.1% 91.1% 1.1% 96.5% 1.1% 85.5% 1.1% 1.0% 1.00%
FCF Payout Ratio 1.2% 1.1% 96.4% 63.8% 75.8% 82.3% 84.7% 96.8% 68.8% 65.6% 58.1% 65.6% 71.9% 70.8% 71.7% 66.5% 65.6% 59.9% 58.1% 52.3% 52.27%
Total Payout Ratio 76.8% 79.8% 78.6% 60.8% 72.7% 73.5% 75.1% 97.0% 73.2% 78.7% 69.9% 75.7% 91.1% 95.1% 1.2% 1.1% 1.4% 1.1% 1.3% 1.0% 1.03%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number 0.14 0.16 0.24 0.04 0.33 0.33 0.22 0.90 0.18 0.09 0.01 -0.07 0.21 0.23 0.30 0.03 0.01 -0.25 -0.26 -0.14 -0.140
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.9% 0.7% 0.9% 0.6% 0.2% 0.2% 0.5% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 1.5% 2.5% 3.8% 3.6% 1.5% 0.4% 0.42%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.9% 0.7% 0.9% -0.1% -0.5% -1.0% -0.8% -1.0% -1.0% -1.2% -0.3% 1.5% 2.4% 3.6% 1.5% 0.4% 0.42%
Total Shareholder Return 17.0% 15.3% 17.3% 13.9% 17.7% 14.0% 16.0% 25.0% 17.9% 14.2% 13.1% 14.1% 15.9% 16.3% 15.2% 16.8% 22.9% 18.6% 15.1% 17.4% 17.44%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.88 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.81 0.80 0.64 0.64 0.639
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.07 0.99 1.03 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.04 1.09 1.03 1.14 1.142
EBIT Margin 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.141
Asset Turnover 0.85 0.86 0.89 0.83 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.85 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.82 0.79 0.82 0.79 0.79 0.77 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.755
Equity Multiplier 1.30 1.32 1.30 1.43 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.37 1.31 1.32 1.31 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.29 1.31 1.30 1.302
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.39 $0.39 $0.43 $0.46 $0.50 $0.52 $0.50 $0.46 $0.47 $0.44 $0.46 $0.47 $0.41 $0.39 $0.33 $0.31 $0.26 $0.26 $0.19 $0.21 $0.21
Book Value/Share $1.82 $1.82 $1.86 $1.86 $1.93 $1.93 $1.93 $1.94 $2.06 $2.03 $2.10 $2.07 $2.10 $2.05 $2.06 $2.06 $2.06 $2.08 $2.02 $2.06 $2.07
Tangible Book/Share $1.05 $1.07 $1.11 $1.09 $1.17 $1.15 $1.15 $1.15 $1.28 $1.26 $1.33 $1.32 $1.38 $1.35 $1.37 $1.40 $1.43 $1.48 $1.45 $1.50 $1.50
Revenue/Share $1.97 $2.01 $2.11 $2.16 $2.17 $2.22 $2.24 $2.19 $2.14 $2.10 $2.10 $2.15 $2.15 $2.16 $2.14 $2.15 $2.13 $2.10 $2.06 $2.03 $0.99
FCF/Share $0.26 $0.28 $0.35 $0.42 $0.45 $0.44 $0.42 $0.45 $0.49 $0.52 $0.53 $0.52 $0.49 $0.51 $0.50 $0.45 $0.45 $0.37 $0.38 $0.40 $0.21
OCF/Share $0.27 $0.29 $0.36 $0.43 $0.46 $0.45 $0.43 $0.47 $0.52 $0.54 $0.56 $0.53 $0.51 $0.52 $0.54 $0.49 $0.50 $0.43 $0.41 $0.43 $0.21
Cash/Share $0.98 $0.92 $1.06 $1.11 $1.08 $0.99 $1.03 $1.03 $1.22 $1.17 $1.23 $1.18 $1.27 $1.22 $1.30 $1.26 $0.53 $1.35 $1.43 $1.43 $1.44
EBITDA/Share $0.44 $0.44 $0.44 $0.46 $0.47 $0.55 $0.56 $0.54 $0.61 $0.56 $0.59 $0.62 $0.58 $0.59 $0.53 $0.53 $0.47 $0.42 $0.39 $0.36 $0.36
Debt/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.06 $0.04 $0.02 $0.03 $0.02 $0.07 $0.07 $0.05 $0.05 $0.04 $0.09 $0.08 $0.07 $0.06 $0.03 $0.03
Net Debt/Share $-0.98 $-0.92 $-1.06 $-1.11 $-1.08 $-0.93 $-0.99 $-1.01 $-1.19 $-1.15 $-1.16 $-1.11 $-1.22 $-1.16 $-1.26 $-1.17 $-0.45 $-1.28 $-1.36 $-1.41 $-1.41
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.983
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 6.143
Piotroski F-Score 4 3 5 4 6 4 5 6 4 5 6 5 5 6 7 5 5 6 6 7 7
Beneish M-Score -1.42 -1.76 -1.91 -2.09 -2.39 -1.97 -1.98 -2.53 -2.51 -2.76 -2.77 -2.55 -2.43 -2.64 -2.88 -2.44 -3.10 -2.88 -2.73 -3.17 -3.171
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -10.370
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 21.52%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $1.26
EVA snapshot only $24790595.39
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 88.51 88.24 87.70 87.97 89.00 95.23 94.95 95.16 94.46 94.31 94.28 94.74 94.77 94.75 94.33 94.22 80.27 94.08 86.03 80.94 80.942
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only -13.276
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 64
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 69

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