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007280.KS KSC

Korea Steel Co., Ltd.
1W: +2.0% 1M: -3.6% 3M: +9.4% YTD: +66.9% 1Y: +64.9% 3Y: +21.8% 5Y: -35.6%
₩2,275.00 ($1.70)
+20.00 (+0.89%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.8%
₩2103 ₩2189 ₩2275 ₩2361 ₩2447
KSC · Basic Materials · Steel · Tech Score Neutral · Power 39 · ₩65.2B mcap · 17M float · 0.373% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. 007280.KS receives an overall rating of C. Strongest factors: P/B (5/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-20 B- C
2026-05-21 B B-
2026-05-08 B- B
2026-05-07 B B-
2026-05-07 None ADDED
2026-04-19 EXISTED None
2026-04-01 B- B
2026-03-25 D+ B-
2026-02-19 None ADDED
2026-02-18 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 25 Grade D
Profitability
1
Balance Sheet
36
Earnings Quality
70
Growth
36
Value
50
Momentum
38
Safety
50
Cash Flow
20
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. 007280.KS scores highest in Earnings Quality (70/100) and lowest in Profitability (1/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
1.93
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
3/9
✗ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.14
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.10
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
B
Score: 25.8/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: 0.19x
Accruals: -0.6%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. 007280.KS scores 1.93, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. 007280.KS scores 3/9, suggesting weak financial fundamentals — the company fails the majority of these accounting tests. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. 007280.KS's score of -2.14 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. 007280.KS's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. 007280.KS receives an estimated rating of B (score: 25.8/100), with a deteriorating trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-16.60x
PEG
0.09x
P/S
0.08x
P/B
0.32x
P/FCF
-7.30x
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
40.55x
EV/Revenue
0.33x
EV/EBIT
-27.71x
EV/FCF
-32.51x
Earnings Yield
-6.47%
FCF Yield
-13.70%
Shareholder Yield
18.53%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. 007280.KS currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.639
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.630
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
-0.012
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.521
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.565
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-1.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. 007280.KS's ROE of -1.9% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.521), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$2275.00
Median 1Y
$1927.52
5th Pctile
$689.16
95th Pctile
$5375.49
Ann. Volatility
62.1%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 25.3% 30.2% 34.6% 30.0% 21.7% 23.4% 22.1% 17.3% 18.2% 13.2% 10.9% 3.1% 1.1% -1.3% -1.5% 2.0% 2.6% 1.4% 0.9% -1.9% -1.88%
ROA 7.6% 9.1% 9.5% 9.3% 7.1% 8.0% 7.1% 6.1% 6.5% 5.1% 4.0% 1.2% 0.4% -0.5% -0.6% 0.8% 1.0% 0.5% 0.4% -0.7% -0.73%
ROIC 13.6% 16.3% 15.6% 13.5% 11.1% 10.7% 10.7% 10.4% 10.8% 8.8% 7.7% 3.9% 2.9% 2.1% 2.2% 2.1% 2.3% 1.4% 1.6% -0.7% -0.65%
ROCE 11.1% 11.6% 13.3% 11.7% 8.9% 12.2% 12.4% 13.7% 15.3% 15.7% 14.5% 6.7% 4.8% 3.7% 5.7% 6.7% 7.1% 3.1% -0.0% -2.8% -2.79%
Gross Margin 10.5% 7.8% 6.1% 9.2% 5.7% 5.7% 7.2% 12.6% 7.9% 8.1% 3.9% 4.2% 3.6% 6.5% 4.4% 7.4% 3.5% 3.3% 2.1% 3.9% 3.87%
Operating Margin 7.6% 4.7% 3.4% 6.4% 2.1% 4.3% 3.6% 9.4% 4.4% 4.9% 0.7% 0.9% 0.3% 3.3% 1.2% 4.6% 0.2% -0.4% -1.7% 0.2% 0.19%
Net Margin 6.4% 5.5% 2.2% 9.1% 0.6% 7.8% 1.5% 6.6% 1.9% 3.1% -0.7% -0.8% -0.6% 0.5% -0.9% 2.8% 0.0% -0.8% -1.3% 0.1% 0.06%
EBITDA Margin 8.0% 5.6% 4.0% 8.0% 3.5% 8.9% 5.5% 11.4% 6.6% 7.5% 3.2% 3.2% 3.6% 5.0% 6.6% 6.8% 3.5% -2.8% 0.3% 1.8% 1.83%
FCF Margin -7.2% -7.6% -11.3% -14.6% -8.3% -5.6% 0.5% 4.0% 1.2% -0.5% -0.2% -0.7% 2.7% 4.9% 2.8% 4.9% 2.3% 0.2% 1.8% -1.0% -1.02%
OCF Margin 1.9% 0.6% -1.2% -4.1% 0.8% 1.7% 5.6% 6.8% 3.8% 2.5% 2.9% 2.4% 5.2% 6.2% 3.6% 5.9% 3.2% 1.2% 3.0% -0.1% -0.09%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 1.05%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 8.77%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 0.42%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 0.60%
ROIC Economic snapshot only -0.64%
Cash ROA snapshot only -0.14%
Cash ROIC snapshot only -0.19%
CROIC snapshot only -2.02%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only -0.33%
Pretax Margin snapshot only -0.75%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 2.39%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 6.69 5.35 5.00 3.48 4.19 3.23 3.58 3.96 3.63 4.31 4.26 13.88 36.05 -33.01 -28.35 18.29 17.53 14.95 21.01 -15.44 -16.603
P/S Ratio 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.078
P/B Ratio 1.48 1.39 1.43 0.87 0.79 0.65 0.68 0.62 0.60 0.54 0.44 0.43 0.39 0.43 0.42 0.36 0.46 0.21 0.20 0.30 0.317
P/FCF -4.01 -3.76 -2.43 -1.39 -2.24 -2.90 36.02 4.21 13.22 -30.89 -64.37 -17.22 4.17 2.54 4.21 2.05 5.42 32.33 2.81 -7.30 -7.300
P/OCF 15.23 50.51 — — 22.20 9.57 3.15 2.49 4.38 5.82 4.20 5.26 2.17 2.01 3.31 1.70 3.87 4.87 1.73 — —
EV/EBITDA 7.32 7.25 7.29 6.99 7.87 6.34 6.03 5.04 4.70 4.90 5.09 7.54 8.04 9.57 8.04 6.20 6.86 8.92 14.67 40.55 40.554
EV/Revenue 0.46 0.47 0.50 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.40 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.34 0.38 0.33 0.31 0.33 0.331
EV/EBIT 8.68 8.14 8.23 7.72 9.40 7.67 7.56 6.36 5.80 6.38 6.96 13.14 16.98 22.47 15.27 10.02 11.05 21.64 -3427.07 -27.71 -27.714
EV/FCF -6.39 -6.25 -4.44 -3.08 -5.03 -6.95 81.55 9.49 31.07 -81.67 -196.08 -53.79 13.30 7.35 13.13 6.99 16.74 183.70 16.82 -32.51 -32.505
Earnings Yield 14.9% 18.7% 20.0% 28.7% 23.9% 31.0% 27.9% 25.3% 27.5% 23.2% 23.5% 7.2% 2.8% -3.0% -3.5% 5.5% 5.7% 6.7% 4.8% -6.5% -6.47%
FCF Yield -24.9% -26.6% -41.1% -71.8% -44.7% -34.5% 2.8% 23.8% 7.6% -3.2% -1.6% -5.8% 24.0% 39.4% 23.8% 48.8% 18.4% 3.1% 35.6% -13.7% -13.70%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.087
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.305
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 10.339
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 18.53%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.82 1.78 1.47 1.59 1.54 1.11 1.11 1.18 1.18 0.98 0.92 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.07 1.64 1.44 1.42 1.21 1.29 1.286
Quick Ratio 0.82 0.91 0.76 0.61 0.68 0.52 0.50 0.54 0.51 0.44 0.42 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.52 0.88 0.75 0.73 0.61 0.70 0.701
Debt/Equity 1.11 1.24 1.41 1.23 1.22 1.16 1.13 1.06 1.05 0.99 1.11 1.13 1.09 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.20 1.19 1.23 1.18 1.179
Net Debt/Equity 0.88 0.92 1.18 1.05 0.98 0.90 0.86 0.78 0.81 0.88 0.91 0.92 0.85 0.82 0.90 0.88 0.95 0.98 0.99 1.04 1.039
Debt/Assets 0.35 0.38 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.40 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.445
Debt/EBITDA 3.45 3.90 3.92 4.47 5.40 4.76 4.43 3.81 3.49 3.41 4.17 6.31 7.09 7.73 6.27 5.12 5.86 8.91 15.18 35.70 35.703
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.73 2.89 3.30 3.83 4.37 3.70 3.36 2.81 2.70 3.04 3.42 5.13 5.52 6.27 5.47 4.38 4.64 7.35 12.22 31.45 31.447
Interest Coverage 5.24 5.73 5.72 6.99 5.13 4.90 4.27 3.52 3.40 3.00 2.69 1.45 1.06 0.86 1.39 2.01 2.27 1.06 -0.01 -1.09 -1.094
Equity Multiplier 3.19 3.23 3.50 3.00 3.00 2.73 2.82 2.72 2.65 2.48 2.60 2.58 2.51 2.48 2.51 2.48 2.62 2.59 2.75 2.65 2.652
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.153
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 0.748
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.119
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.035
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1541.5 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.75 1.71 1.72 1.59 1.58 1.58 1.46 1.43 1.44 1.50 1.39 1.31 1.33 1.38 1.36 1.41 1.43 1.39 1.43 1.52 1.521
Inventory Turnover 7.20 8.17 7.34 6.08 6.00 6.53 5.68 4.82 5.06 5.86 5.17 4.96 5.28 6.21 5.62 6.16 6.33 6.44 6.15 7.32 7.323
Receivables Turnover 16.60 13.32 12.03 13.02 14.31 14.04 10.64 12.98 12.66 12.01 11.99 11.03 11.66 9.59 9.99 9.76 11.33 9.74 10.14 9.00 9.002
Payables Turnover 30.97 26.82 17.93 17.05 24.88 28.58 14.89 17.20 21.22 29.10 15.77 17.25 24.25 27.00 18.83 19.31 25.36 23.64 18.29 19.23 19.231
DSO 22 27 30 28 26 26 34 28 29 30 30 33 31 38 37 37 32 37 36 41 40.5 days
DIO 51 45 50 60 61 56 64 76 72 62 71 74 69 59 65 59 58 57 59 50 49.8 days
DPO 12 14 20 21 15 13 25 21 17 13 23 21 15 14 19 19 14 15 20 19 19.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 61 58 60 67 72 69 74 83 84 80 78 86 85 83 82 78 76 79 75 71 71.4 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.776
Operating Cycle snapshot only 90.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 28.774
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.656
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 90.5% 66.5% 65.4% 34.6% 13.5% 15.1% 3.8% 5.1% 6.8% 4.3% 2.0% -5.2% -6.0% -7.4% -5.5% 3.7% 4.8% -0.2% 3.2% 4.5% 4.47%
Net Income 4.0% 9.0% 12.3% 1.9% 16.9% 9.3% -7.9% -23.0% 8.5% -30.1% -39.3% -79.9% -93.5% -1.1% -1.1% -37.0% 1.3% 2.0% 1.6% -1.9% -1.91%
EPS 2.7% 4.6% 9.1% 1.6% 2.1% -5.6% -11.3% -25.9% 5.0% -30.8% -27.4% -75.9% -92.2% -1.1% -1.1% -34.6% 1.3% 3.1% 2.2% -2.9% -2.87%
FCF -4.1% -5.1% -6.5% -4.9% -31.2% 14.4% 1.0% 1.3% 1.2% 91.2% -1.4% -1.2% 1.0% 10.7% 15.0% 8.0% -12.8% -96.4% -33.2% -1.2% -1.22%
EBITDA 2.2% 96.4% 1.8% 62.4% -3.9% 8.7% -0.9% 23.8% 64.6% 33.4% 15.0% -34.6% -48.9% -55.5% -40.8% 10.3% 28.8% -2.4% -53.2% -84.6% -84.60%
Op. Income 22.9% 4.5% 5.6% 1.3% -4.0% -17.7% -27.1% -3.8% 41.3% 43.6% 23.9% -47.3% -69.4% -77.3% -71.9% -8.6% 41.2% 9.4% -49.4% -1.2% -1.18%
OCF Growth snapshot only -1.02%
Asset Growth snapshot only -0.54%
Equity Growth snapshot only -6.83%
Debt Growth snapshot only 7.28%
Shares Change snapshot only -51.08%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 22.4% 23.7% 25.5% 24.1% 23.3% 26.7% 27.5% 31.0% 32.2% 26.0% 20.6% 10.3% 4.5% 3.6% 0.0% 1.1% 1.7% -1.2% -0.2% 0.9% 0.90%
Revenue 5Y 19.7% 22.8% 25.2% 24.1% 21.6% 18.1% 18.3% 17.2% 17.3% 17.9% 15.9% 13.7% 13.5% 14.5% 14.8% 17.2% 17.9% 13.1% 11.3% 7.8% 7.75%
EPS 3Y — — — — — — — — — 54.0% 86.9% -22.9% -56.2% — — -51.1% -42.4% -44.2% -49.7% — —
EPS 5Y — 21.6% 5.3% -3.2% — -2.5% 11.3% — — — — — — — — — — -1.7% 2.7% — —
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — 97.1% 95.2% -23.3% -56.5% — — -53.9% -45.2% -58.0% -63.1% — —
Net Income 5Y — 55.4% 38.0% 27.0% — 28.2% 47.0% — — — — — — — — — — -4.0% -9.3% — —
EBITDA 3Y 14.9% 43.5% 67.1% 59.8% 64.8% 1.7% 72.1% 74.7% 71.6% 41.7% 48.0% 9.6% -6.8% -13.6% -12.3% -3.7% 2.7% -16.6% -31.7% -51.9% -51.93%
EBITDA 5Y — 14.3% 15.5% 23.6% 16.7% 18.2% 21.0% 18.6% 19.1% 33.8% 39.7% 27.0% 30.4% 64.3% 28.2% 30.9% 27.2% 4.4% -2.1% -25.9% -25.90%
Gross Profit 3Y 37.4% 50.4% 64.7% 71.2% 70.5% 96.5% 57.6% 59.6% 59.5% 46.6% 39.9% 7.2% -10.9% -16.7% -18.7% -11.8% -7.1% -12.3% -16.5% -25.7% -25.75%
Gross Profit 5Y 32.6% 40.5% 39.0% 52.7% 32.2% 19.1% 25.5% 22.6% 26.9% 33.1% 34.9% 29.4% 28.2% 37.9% 20.5% 22.6% 21.0% 8.8% 5.7% -6.8% -6.79%
Op. Income 3Y 61.8% 1.1% 2.7% — — — — 3.0% 2.2% 86.6% 81.6% 5.7% -25.4% -35.5% -36.7% -22.7% -15.1% -29.1% -43.9% — —
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — 31.1% 52.4% 33.3% 41.9% 59.8% 1.1% — — — — 97.8% 69.6% 10.0% -3.1% — —
FCF 3Y — — — — — — -41.9% 5.1% -13.4% — — — — — — — — — 55.6% — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — — -24.7% 17.5% -8.8% — — — 10.9% 1.0% 2.0% 6.9% 3.0% -36.0% — — —
OCF 3Y -11.0% -43.9% — — -23.0% 61.1% 26.6% 22.0% 18.4% -18.2% 18.6% -8.3% 46.1% 1.3% — — 58.1% -12.2% -18.8% — —
OCF 5Y 18.9% -10.7% — — — 75.7% 21.4% 28.5% 11.0% -1.1% 7.9% 9.1% 23.2% 71.3% 4.9% 9.3% 6.6% -24.8% 10.6% — —
Assets 3Y 6.7% 10.3% 15.7% 16.8% 17.7% 20.6% 22.4% 22.8% 19.4% 16.8% 16.1% 10.3% 10.1% 6.3% 1.8% 0.6% 1.3% 0.2% -0.7% -3.0% -2.99%
Assets 5Y 2.5% 5.2% 7.1% 8.9% 8.9% 9.8% 11.0% 11.6% 11.3% 10.4% 12.1% 11.4% 10.9% 11.9% 11.5% 11.2% 10.2% 9.5% 8.6% 4.8% 4.78%
Equity 3Y 31.7% 14.5% 19.0% 26.5% 29.0% 44.0% 44.8% 45.3% 31.5% 30.7% 32.7% 23.2% 19.2% 16.1% 13.9% 7.1% 5.9% 2.1% 0.2% -2.1% -2.15%
Book Value 3Y -12.5% -23.9% -7.9% -2.2% -0.5% 10.8% 6.8% 11.0% 2.2% 2.1% 27.1% 23.9% 19.9% 16.4% 20.1% 13.7% 11.3% 35.6% 36.6% 33.4% 33.42%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.62 0.78 0.78 0.82 0.79 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.82 0.88 0.85 0.85 0.82 0.77 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.56 0.61 0.73 0.726
Earnings Stability 0.34 0.11 0.17 0.26 0.61 0.42 0.56 0.68 0.74 0.67 0.64 0.33 0.26 0.14 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.18 0.48 0.484
Margin Stability 0.63 0.51 0.62 0.54 0.61 0.57 0.68 0.77 0.77 0.74 0.69 0.68 0.62 0.51 0.66 0.74 0.75 0.71 0.71 0.70 0.701
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.96 0.97 0.91 0.97 0.88 0.84 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.85 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.200
Earnings Smoothness — 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.84 0.91 0.92 0.74 0.92 0.65 0.51 0.00 0.00 — — 0.55 0.20 — — — —
ROE Trend 0.34 0.41 0.38 0.27 0.13 0.05 0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.11 -0.13 -0.17 -0.17 -0.18 -0.16 -0.07 -0.06 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.045
Gross Margin Trend 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.026
FCF Margin Trend -0.11 -0.09 -0.13 -0.17 -0.07 -0.03 0.07 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.00 -0.02 0.01 -0.03 -0.031
Sustainable Growth Rate 25.3% 30.2% 34.6% 30.0% 21.7% 23.4% 22.1% 17.3% 18.2% 13.2% 10.9% 3.1% 1.1% — — 2.0% -0.1% -1.3% -1.8% — —
Internal Growth Rate 8.2% 10.0% 10.5% 10.2% 7.6% 8.7% 7.7% 6.5% 7.0% 5.3% 4.2% 1.2% 0.4% — — 0.8% — — — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.44 0.11 -0.21 -0.71 0.19 0.34 1.14 1.59 0.83 0.74 1.01 2.64 16.61 -16.43 -8.56 10.74 4.53 3.07 12.18 0.19 0.194
FCF/OCF -3.80 -13.43 9.66 3.53 -9.92 -3.30 0.09 0.59 0.33 -0.19 -0.07 -0.31 0.52 0.79 0.79 0.83 0.71 0.15 0.61 10.92 10.921
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 2.116
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only -0.114
CapEx/Revenue 9.1% 8.1% 10.1% 10.4% 9.2% 7.3% 5.1% 2.8% 2.5% 3.0% 3.1% 3.1% 2.5% 1.3% 0.8% 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 1.2% 0.9% 0.93%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.460
Accruals Ratio 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.16 0.06 0.05 -0.01 -0.04 0.01 0.01 -0.00 -0.02 -0.07 -0.09 -0.05 -0.08 -0.04 -0.01 -0.04 -0.01 -0.006
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.101
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only -0.041
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.8% 12.8% 14.0% 18.5% 8.79%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $94.51 $189.02 $199.98 $399.96 $200.00
Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — 0.0% 1.0% 1.9% 2.9% — —
FCF Payout Ratio — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 31.7% 4.1% 39.5% — —
Total Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — 1.4% 2.1% 3.8% 3.9% — —
Div. Increase Streak — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 4.6% 7.5% 6.1% 12.7% 4.5% 0.0% 0.01%
Net Buyback Yield -0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 4.6% 7.5% 6.1% 12.7% 4.5% 0.0% 0.01%
Total Shareholder Return -0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 4.6% 7.5% 12.0% 25.5% 18.5% 18.5% 18.53%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 1.01 1.11 1.09 1.17 1.24 1.24 1.22 1.00 0.96 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.87 1.48 21.83 0.45 0.49 0.49 1.08 0.64 0.639
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.81 0.83 0.83 0.86 0.81 0.80 0.77 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.67 0.39 0.17 -0.16 -0.01 0.36 0.41 0.52 -25.16 0.63 0.630
EBIT Margin 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 -0.00 -0.01 -0.012
Asset Turnover 1.75 1.71 1.72 1.59 1.58 1.58 1.46 1.43 1.44 1.50 1.39 1.31 1.33 1.38 1.36 1.41 1.43 1.39 1.43 1.52 1.521
Equity Multiplier 3.34 3.33 3.65 3.24 3.08 2.94 3.11 2.85 2.81 2.60 2.71 2.65 2.58 2.48 2.55 2.53 2.57 2.53 2.62 2.57 2.565
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $472.54 $600.29 $602.51 $641.76 $482.56 $566.58 $534.18 $475.61 $506.72 $392.17 $388.00 $114.52 $39.67 $-48.02 $-54.26 $74.86 $92.28 $98.67 $67.81 $-139.85 $-139.85
Book Value/Share $2139.53 $2317.19 $2100.00 $2567.33 $2572.09 $2834.97 $2817.29 $3022.92 $3065.12 $3158.16 $3717.79 $3687.80 $3685.73 $3655.67 $3641.99 $3769.24 $3547.81 $7063.37 $7175.81 $7179.50 $7179.50
Tangible Book/Share $2116.55 $2278.26 $2062.32 $2555.15 $2559.99 $2822.97 $2805.79 $3011.43 $3053.64 $3146.53 $3704.03 $3674.06 $3671.92 $3641.93 $3627.95 $3720.84 $3500.32 $6968.38 $7075.32 $7079.01 $7079.01
Revenue/Share $10917.63 $11285.22 $10966.48 $11022.80 $10830.05 $11212.10 $10955.64 $11155.31 $11196.94 $11578.52 $13375.65 $12641.81 $12667.48 $12657.28 $12898.09 $13599.19 $13245.40 $25310.66 $27609.26 $29042.78 $29042.78
FCF/Share $-788.51 $-854.47 $-1238.81 $-1605.20 $-904.13 $-631.60 $53.15 $447.20 $139.31 $-54.73 $-25.67 $-92.30 $343.08 $624.76 $365.81 $667.75 $298.36 $45.62 $506.78 $-295.90 $-295.90
OCF/Share $207.63 $63.62 $-128.25 $-454.78 $91.11 $191.23 $608.14 $755.34 $420.27 $290.61 $393.10 $301.90 $659.03 $788.93 $464.58 $803.86 $417.82 $303.02 $825.73 $-27.10 $-27.10
Cash/Share $499.13 $746.48 $466.40 $455.93 $598.34 $737.04 $766.41 $845.32 $731.62 $338.28 $744.08 $778.31 $887.60 $701.76 $478.82 $561.83 $892.86 $1466.38 $1716.94 $1009.35 $1009.35
EBITDA/Share $688.81 $737.12 $753.96 $706.37 $578.46 $691.68 $719.18 $842.21 $921.74 $913.03 $989.44 $658.67 $567.04 $480.06 $597.60 $753.42 $728.44 $939.15 $580.78 $237.17 $237.17
Debt/Share $2376.64 $2875.52 $2953.62 $3160.64 $3126.15 $3295.54 $3186.33 $3209.07 $3219.33 $3117.14 $4124.30 $4154.15 $4019.39 $3710.54 $3745.14 $3860.94 $4270.27 $8372.35 $8814.91 $8467.60 $8467.60
Net Debt/Share $1877.50 $2129.03 $2487.21 $2704.70 $2527.81 $2558.50 $2419.93 $2363.75 $2487.71 $2778.86 $3380.22 $3375.84 $3131.79 $3008.78 $3266.32 $3299.11 $3377.40 $6905.96 $7097.97 $7458.25 $7458.25
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.928
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 1.264
Piotroski F-Score 5 5 4 3 3 3 5 5 6 5 5 4 4 4 6 8 6 6 7 3 3
Beneish M-Score -1.94 -2.31 -1.32 -1.92 -1.62 -2.24 -3.13 -2.72 -2.58 -2.23 -1.88 -1.42 -2.19 -2.75 -2.74 -2.09 -1.67 -1.24 -1.41 -2.14 -2.141
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.103
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only -2.81%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-3396.67
EVA snapshot only $-44675831178.07
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only B
Credit Score 52.49 51.37 44.07 44.93 45.13 39.29 42.86 46.23 43.71 40.68 34.60 30.13 27.52 32.25 33.51 46.44 40.90 32.05 22.37 25.77 25.769
Credit Grade snapshot only 15
Credit Trend snapshot only -20.671
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 750.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 17
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 12

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