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098460.KQ KOE

Koh Young Technology Inc.
1W: +17.0% 1M: +21.6% 3M: +1.3% YTD: +4.8% 1Y: +124.5% 3Y: +133.0% 5Y: +48.1%
₩34,100.00 ($25.32)
+50.00 (+0.15%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±7.5%
₩28968 ₩31534 ₩34100 ₩36666 ₩39232
KOE · Technology · Semiconductors · Tech Score Buy · Power 64 · ₩2.26T mcap · 52M float · 5.54% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
2
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
3
P/E
1
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. 098460.KQ receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: DCF (2/5), P/E (1/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 A- B
2026-08-28 B+ A-
2026-08-20 D+ B+
2026-08-14 C- D+
2026-08-03 D+ C-
2026-07-31 B D+
2026-05-19 C- B
2026-05-18 D+ C-
2026-05-11 C- D+
2026-05-06 D+ C-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 69 Grade B
Profitability
65
Balance Sheet
96
Earnings Quality
52
Growth
77
Value
44
Momentum
82
Safety
100
Cash Flow
67
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. 098460.KQ scores highest in Safety (100/100) and lowest in Value (44/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
16.42
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-1.42
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-13.12
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA+
Score: 93.0/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
50/100
OCF/NI: 0.69x
Accruals: 3.6%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. 098460.KQ scores 16.42, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. 098460.KQ scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. 098460.KQ's score of -1.42 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. 098460.KQ's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. 098460.KQ receives an estimated rating of AA+ (score: 93.0/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). 098460.KQ's score of 50/100 is moderate — some divergence between reported earnings and underlying cash flows.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
47.25x
PEG
0.05x
P/S
7.75x
P/B
6.42x
P/FCF
79.22x
P/OCF
66.26x
EV/EBITDA
35.98x
EV/Revenue
7.03x
EV/EBIT
48.06x
EV/FCF
74.33x
Earnings Yield
2.19%
FCF Yield
1.26%
Shareholder Yield
0.43%
Graham Number
$9137.17
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 47.2x earnings, 098460.KQ is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $9137.17 per share, 273% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.776
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.443
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.146
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.703
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.226
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
14.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. 098460.KQ's ROE of 14.1% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.703), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$26899.54
Price/Value
1.19x
Margin of Safety
-18.78%
Premium
18.78%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with 098460.KQ's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. 098460.KQ actually compounded EPS at 15.3% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. 098460.KQ trades at a 19% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $26899.54, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 47.2x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$34100.00
Median 1Y
$31230.98
5th Pctile
$10872.87
95th Pctile
$89657.08
Ann. Volatility
59.4%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 11.5% 15.0% 14.9% 15.7% 17.9% 13.4% 13.9% 10.1% 4.2% 7.2% 5.4% 6.4% 3.8% 6.7% 5.5% 1.6% 5.6% 4.5% 8.3% 14.1% 14.13%
ROA 9.2% 11.8% 11.2% 12.3% 13.8% 10.3% 10.4% 8.0% 3.3% 5.8% 4.3% 5.2% 3.1% 5.6% 4.4% 1.3% 4.7% 3.7% 6.6% 11.5% 11.52%
ROIC 16.1% 19.9% 20.0% 16.4% 17.2% 17.7% 17.1% 13.0% 8.6% 7.5% 4.8% 5.1% 5.0% 1.3% 1.7% 1.2% 2.7% 6.6% 9.7% 12.3% 12.29%
ROCE 15.0% 15.9% 16.2% 17.0% 18.9% 15.3% 15.7% 12.4% 6.4% 9.6% 7.4% 7.9% 6.5% 10.2% 9.0% 4.3% 7.2% 4.6% 6.0% 11.4% 11.36%
Gross Margin 58.5% 59.9% 59.5% 59.4% 60.9% 61.8% 60.2% 61.6% 58.9% 60.5% 63.4% 58.4% 64.6% 58.1% 69.8% 61.1% 62.2% 59.3% 63.2% 60.3% 60.28%
Operating Margin 16.7% 16.8% 16.9% 14.6% 16.5% 16.2% 15.3% 5.9% 3.6% 9.9% 4.1% 6.0% 1.5% -5.3% 6.2% 4.8% 7.8% 10.0% 13.5% 16.4% 16.40%
Net Margin 19.9% 10.2% 15.9% 21.6% 29.8% -10.2% 19.6% 7.3% 7.8% 2.8% 13.7% 14.0% -9.6% 21.3% 6.3% -9.0% 14.0% 11.3% 21.6% 17.7% 17.72%
EBITDA Margin 31.1% 19.2% 21.5% 31.2% 20.6% -6.2% 20.0% 19.2% 17.8% 8.5% 23.7% 23.9% 1.5% 36.4% 16.2% 67.7% 24.4% 15.4% 18.5% 20.3% 20.30%
FCF Margin 10.7% 13.2% 13.1% 12.0% 10.0% 3.6% 5.6% 8.4% 11.4% 8.6% 9.5% 13.3% 7.2% 14.2% 12.7% 5.5% 0.3% 4.0% 9.6% 9.5% 9.46%
OCF Margin 13.6% 17.2% 17.7% 16.5% 15.9% 10.6% 13.7% 16.5% 18.3% 13.1% 12.2% 15.4% 9.6% 18.0% 16.7% 10.5% 5.7% 7.8% 12.5% 11.3% 11.30%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 7.05%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 9.15%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.72%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 7.77%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 7.54%
Cash ROA snapshot only 7.20%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 14.45%
CROIC snapshot only 12.08%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 9.62%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 21.10%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 8.52%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 14.90%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 1.89%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 42.20 39.80 31.56 21.33 15.79 21.56 27.29 33.15 62.28 49.83 76.17 41.07 58.63 25.17 53.64 219.95 54.39 103.72 61.66 45.73 47.247
P/S Ratio 5.37 6.37 4.86 3.63 3.13 3.08 4.12 3.94 3.46 4.84 5.93 3.87 3.30 2.61 4.52 5.36 4.51 6.58 6.60 7.49 7.755
P/B Ratio 4.64 5.62 4.47 3.17 2.64 2.78 3.60 3.23 2.57 3.58 4.18 2.64 2.24 1.64 2.88 3.44 3.00 4.57 4.88 6.02 6.421
P/FCF 50.37 48.36 37.20 30.31 31.32 84.51 73.79 46.62 30.26 56.58 62.38 29.19 45.93 18.40 35.77 96.74 1342.99 165.24 69.13 79.22 79.219
P/OCF 39.47 37.09 27.52 22.02 19.61 28.91 30.14 23.80 18.92 36.98 48.51 25.18 34.19 14.52 27.07 50.79 78.81 84.61 52.61 66.26 66.265
EV/EBITDA 21.22 24.64 18.55 12.62 11.65 16.17 22.91 27.08 24.91 26.70 31.65 18.26 18.64 8.85 19.38 15.28 11.07 20.35 20.67 35.98 35.977
EV/Revenue 4.95 5.89 4.43 3.25 2.69 2.67 3.69 3.50 2.90 4.36 5.39 3.32 2.72 1.94 3.87 4.79 3.97 6.03 6.02 7.03 7.028
EV/EBIT 24.85 28.62 21.98 14.74 10.74 14.44 18.90 21.25 30.98 31.44 47.97 26.76 26.68 11.23 25.43 66.75 34.17 84.83 71.70 48.06 48.063
EV/FCF 46.41 44.74 33.88 27.18 26.97 73.47 66.09 41.49 25.33 50.94 56.74 25.06 37.93 13.65 30.56 86.50 1181.74 151.46 63.08 74.33 74.326
Earnings Yield 2.4% 2.5% 3.2% 4.7% 6.3% 4.6% 3.7% 3.0% 1.6% 2.0% 1.3% 2.4% 1.7% 4.0% 1.9% 0.5% 1.8% 1.0% 1.6% 2.2% 2.19%
FCF Yield 2.0% 2.1% 2.7% 3.3% 3.2% 1.2% 1.4% 2.1% 3.3% 1.8% 1.6% 3.4% 2.2% 5.4% 2.8% 1.0% 0.1% 0.6% 1.4% 1.3% 1.26%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.055
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 6.369
EV/OCF snapshot only 62.173
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 11.486
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 56.719
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.43%
Graham Number snapshot only $9137.17
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 5.83 5.73 4.66 6.21 6.08 4.91 4.51 5.60 5.44 6.84 5.72 7.24 7.91 7.87 5.90 7.52 6.92 5.07 4.17 4.23 4.228
Quick Ratio 4.88 4.84 3.90 5.15 5.08 4.15 3.80 4.66 4.50 5.58 4.67 5.93 6.45 6.48 4.80 6.03 5.63 4.24 3.51 3.55 3.552
Debt/Equity 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.040
Net Debt/Equity -0.37 -0.42 -0.40 -0.33 -0.37 -0.36 -0.38 -0.36 -0.42 -0.36 -0.38 -0.37 -0.39 -0.42 -0.42 -0.36 -0.36 -0.38 -0.43 -0.37 -0.372
Debt/Assets 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.032
Debt/EBITDA 0.47 0.53 0.52 0.47 0.49 0.62 0.64 0.83 0.97 0.53 0.51 0.45 0.54 0.35 0.49 0.30 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.26 0.257
Net Debt/EBITDA -1.81 -1.99 -1.82 -1.45 -1.88 -2.43 -2.67 -3.35 -4.85 -2.96 -3.14 -3.01 -3.93 -3.08 -3.30 -1.81 -1.51 -1.85 -1.98 -2.37 -2.368
Interest Coverage 453.35 240.65 150.95 110.83 108.12 85.17 88.57 69.80 32.88 45.07 37.34 44.61 38.99 69.25 60.84 24.39 37.42 22.40 27.16 57.41 57.414
Equity Multiplier 1.31 1.31 1.36 1.29 1.28 1.28 1.30 1.26 1.26 1.20 1.23 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.22 1.19 1.19 1.25 1.27 1.26 1.262
Cash Ratio snapshot only 1.808
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 76.702
Cash to Debt snapshot only 10.222
FCF to Debt snapshot only 1.885
Defensive Interval snapshot only 739.7 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.72 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.70 0.72 0.69 0.67 0.59 0.59 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.54 0.57 0.58 0.62 0.70 0.703
Inventory Turnover 2.50 2.57 2.38 2.28 2.29 2.50 2.29 2.05 1.80 1.89 1.70 1.68 1.57 1.58 1.45 1.41 1.56 1.72 1.89 2.08 2.078
Receivables Turnover 3.17 3.66 3.18 2.77 2.90 3.27 3.00 2.80 2.79 2.64 2.54 2.56 3.00 2.90 2.82 2.75 2.87 2.86 2.95 2.91 2.909
Payables Turnover 9.22 7.86 5.79 6.22 6.75 6.95 6.03 6.62 5.52 5.47 5.84 6.47 5.50 5.73 5.85 5.92 5.99 6.71 6.68 6.47 6.474
DSO 115 100 115 132 126 111 122 130 131 138 144 143 122 126 129 133 127 128 124 125 125.5 days
DIO 146 142 153 160 160 146 159 178 202 193 215 217 233 231 252 258 234 212 193 176 175.7 days
DPO 40 46 63 59 54 53 61 55 66 67 62 56 66 64 62 62 61 54 55 56 56.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 222 195 205 234 231 205 221 254 267 265 296 303 288 294 319 329 300 286 262 245 244.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 4.657
Operating Cycle snapshot only 301.1 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 1.950
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.571
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 30.7% 37.7% 36.9% 18.0% 11.9% 11.3% 5.4% 1.5% -10.8% -18.1% -20.6% -17.0% -10.9% -10.2% -6.7% -6.6% 1.7% 14.9% 26.7% 45.3% 45.28%
Net Income 1.5% 3.3% 3.3% 1.3% 74.1% -0.8% 3.4% -29.1% -74.9% -44.2% -59.1% -34.2% -9.9% -4.2% 1.2% -75.9% 49.9% -29.7% 60.9% 8.8% 8.77%
EPS 1.5% 3.3% 3.3% 1.3% 75.3% 0.3% 4.2% -29.0% -75.0% -43.4% -59.2% -33.2% -8.5% -3.0% 2.0% -76.1% 48.7% -30.8% 56.6% 8.6% 8.58%
FCF -30.9% -8.2% 9.6% 1.8% 4.8% -69.2% -54.9% -28.4% 2.3% 92.6% 35.0% 30.2% -44.1% 48.8% 24.2% -61.0% -95.2% -67.8% -4.3% 1.5% 1.48%
EBITDA 1.2% 1.3% 1.1% 62.8% 10.9% -23.0% -28.8% -49.0% -55.1% -19.1% -16.1% 16.6% 11.8% 20.2% 9.3% 60.9% 1.5% 55.7% 85.1% -9.5% -9.46%
Op. Income 1.2% 1.6% 1.2% 43.3% 20.2% 7.1% -2.4% -13.0% -39.6% -53.8% -69.6% -64.1% -54.4% -83.7% -66.4% -71.5% -35.1% 4.2% 4.5% 8.8% 8.79%
OCF Growth snapshot only 55.68%
Asset Growth snapshot only 23.44%
Equity Growth snapshot only 15.97%
Debt Growth snapshot only -22.62%
Shares Change snapshot only 2.03%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -1.72%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 0.4% 1.3% 2.7% 3.1% 4.6% 7.4% 6.4% 8.4% 9.3% 7.9% 4.6% -0.2% -3.8% -6.4% -7.9% -7.7% -6.9% -5.5% -2.1% 4.0% 4.02%
Revenue 5Y 7.4% 7.6% 7.6% 6.6% 6.4% 6.2% 5.3% 3.2% 0.2% -1.1% -1.9% -1.6% -1.9% -1.8% -2.3% -0.3% 3.4% 5.3% 6.3% 6.1% 6.14%
EPS 3Y -5.7% -2.4% -1.6% 4.4% 10.5% 9.8% 7.4% 10.4% 3.2% 34.4% 21.9% 2.5% -26.3% -18.0% -24.3% -51.6% -30.2% -27.6% -13.3% 15.3% 15.27%
EPS 5Y 5.4% 5.5% 9.2% 7.7% 7.5% 7.4% 3.9% -2.5% -18.1% -12.0% -16.5% -11.6% -21.0% -6.1% -12.4% -26.5% 8.4% 10.3% 23.7% 19.8% 19.82%
Net Income 3Y -5.9% -2.2% -1.5% 4.3% 10.3% 9.9% 7.2% 10.2% 3.0% 33.8% 21.8% 1.9% -26.8% -19.0% -24.6% -51.7% -30.3% -27.8% -12.7% 15.8% 15.78%
Net Income 5Y 5.6% 5.9% 9.5% 7.9% 7.7% 8.1% 3.8% -2.8% -18.3% -12.3% -16.6% -11.9% -21.3% -6.6% -12.6% -26.6% 8.1% 10.0% 24.1% 20.0% 20.03%
EBITDA 3Y 2.0% 5.5% 7.5% 10.2% 5.5% -2.2% -3.2% -5.3% 2.6% 13.3% 7.8% -1.1% -17.7% -9.2% -13.2% -1.5% 7.8% 14.8% 19.3% 19.3% 19.31%
EBITDA 5Y 10.5% 10.0% 9.5% 9.8% 6.7% -0.9% -2.3% -7.7% -12.0% -6.1% -5.8% -4.5% -10.0% -1.9% -3.6% 9.8% 24.7% 22.1% 20.5% 7.1% 7.11%
Gross Profit 3Y -1.8% -0.6% 1.1% 1.0% 3.0% 5.7% 5.0% 7.2% 7.0% 6.4% 4.3% -0.5% -2.4% -5.4% -6.3% -5.7% -5.4% -4.3% -1.6% 4.0% 4.04%
Gross Profit 5Y 5.9% 6.3% 6.3% 5.2% 5.1% 4.9% 4.1% 2.4% -0.5% -1.7% -2.3% -2.5% -2.3% -2.6% -2.4% -0.2% 2.8% 5.3% 6.2% 6.3% 6.27%
Op. Income 3Y -9.2% -3.5% 0.0% -0.2% 3.7% 10.0% 9.4% 15.4% 16.9% 8.9% -12.7% -23.5% -30.8% -56.8% -53.6% -55.4% -43.7% -26.8% -17.3% 0.0% 0.02%
Op. Income 5Y 3.5% 4.5% 4.3% 2.0% 1.1% 0.2% -1.2% -4.7% -11.5% -15.0% -21.5% -20.9% -21.0% -36.9% -33.1% -31.0% -13.9% 1.8% 4.4% 4.5% 4.51%
FCF 3Y 11.1% 24.8% 38.2% 84.5% 6.3% -22.7% -13.1% -19.2% -9.6% -18.4% -12.6% 37.1% -15.7% -4.1% -8.9% -28.6% -69.9% -2.6% 17.1% 8.0% 8.00%
FCF 5Y 14.0% 5.2% 6.1% 3.6% 5.1% -11.0% -5.0% -3.3% 8.0% 2.9% 10.0% 42.4% -7.3% 5.7% 2.0% -23.2% -54.4% -23.6% -4.5% 20.0% 20.02%
OCF 3Y 11.2% 25.0% 34.5% 60.3% 17.2% 0.2% 7.4% -3.4% 0.7% -7.9% -7.7% 25.1% -14.3% -5.0% -9.6% -20.4% -33.8% -14.9% -4.9% -8.4% -8.39%
OCF 5Y 12.0% 7.8% 9.3% 7.0% 15.0% 8.0% 11.7% 7.8% 13.0% 6.3% 7.1% 26.5% -5.0% 4.5% 2.3% -14.9% -22.0% -13.7% -0.9% 14.3% 14.35%
Assets 3Y 8.8% 9.7% 10.7% 9.8% 10.6% 8.6% 8.8% 10.1% 10.9% 6.7% 5.1% 4.4% 0.6% 0.9% 0.4% -0.5% -1.5% 2.3% 2.6% 4.8% 4.81%
Assets 5Y 15.6% 13.5% 14.5% 12.5% 14.5% 13.8% 9.3% 7.6% 7.7% 5.6% 6.0% 5.7% 4.2% 4.3% 4.3% 4.5% 5.4% 6.8% 6.2% 6.8% 6.81%
Equity 3Y 7.2% 7.5% 8.1% 8.0% 8.8% 7.8% 7.7% 8.3% 8.6% 7.5% 6.9% 6.4% 4.2% 4.8% 4.1% 2.3% 0.8% 3.2% 3.5% 4.8% 4.78%
Book Value 3Y 7.4% 7.3% 8.0% 8.1% 9.0% 7.7% 7.9% 8.4% 8.7% 8.0% 7.0% 7.1% 4.9% 6.2% 4.5% 2.6% 1.0% 3.6% 2.8% 4.3% 4.32%
Dividend 3Y -0.7% -1.2% -1.1% 3.0% 3.2% 2.8% 3.1% 5.1% 5.1% 5.5% 5.1% -0.1% -0.1% 0.6% -0.3% 0.5% 0.3% 0.6% -0.5% -0.3% -0.35%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.26 0.25 0.33 0.57 0.45 0.44 0.45 0.52 0.13 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.13 0.01 0.05 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.149
Earnings Stability 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.12 0.00 0.05 0.17 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.003
Margin Stability 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.981
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.99 0.88 0.50 0.82 0.50 0.86 0.96 0.98 1.00 0.50 0.80 0.88 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.46 0.99 0.97 0.66 0.00 0.43 0.16 0.59 0.90 0.96 0.99 0.00 0.60 0.65 0.53 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.04 0.04 -0.01 -0.10 -0.06 -0.08 -0.06 -0.07 -0.04 -0.04 -0.07 0.02 -0.02 0.02 0.09 0.092
Gross Margin Trend -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 -0.00 -0.01 -0.007
FCF Margin Trend -0.04 -0.02 -0.00 -0.01 -0.05 -0.13 -0.09 -0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 -0.04 0.08 0.05 -0.05 -0.09 -0.07 -0.02 0.00 0.001
Sustainable Growth Rate 8.7% 12.2% 12.1% 12.8% 15.1% 10.6% 11.1% 7.0% 1.2% 4.1% 2.4% 3.5% 0.8% 3.8% 2.5% -1.4% 2.7% 1.7% 5.5% 11.4% 11.38%
Internal Growth Rate 7.4% 10.6% 10.0% 11.1% 13.2% 8.9% 9.1% 5.8% 0.9% 3.4% 1.9% 2.9% 0.7% 3.3% 2.1% — 2.3% 1.4% 4.6% 10.2% 10.23%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.07 1.07 1.15 0.97 0.81 0.75 0.91 1.39 3.29 1.35 1.57 1.63 1.71 1.73 1.98 4.33 0.69 1.23 1.17 0.69 0.690
FCF/OCF 0.78 0.77 0.74 0.73 0.63 0.34 0.41 0.51 0.63 0.65 0.78 0.86 0.74 0.79 0.76 0.53 0.06 0.51 0.76 0.84 0.836
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.577
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.579
CapEx/Revenue 2.9% 4.0% 4.6% 4.5% 6.0% 7.0% 8.1% 8.1% 6.9% 4.5% 2.7% 2.1% 2.5% 3.8% 4.1% 5.0% 5.4% 3.8% 3.0% 1.8% 1.85%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.376
Accruals Ratio -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.01 -0.03 -0.07 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.04 0.036
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.052
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.246
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.500
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.6% 0.5% 0.6% 0.9% 1.0% 1.0% 0.7% 0.9% 1.1% 0.9% 0.7% 1.1% 1.3% 1.7% 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.41%
Dividend/Share $110.00 $108.77 $109.78 $120.40 $120.86 $119.93 $120.63 $139.41 $139.33 $140.76 $139.27 $138.50 $138.50 $139.56 $137.38 $138.18 $138.21 $138.21 $134.55 $135.81 $140.00
Payout Ratio 24.7% 18.8% 18.8% 18.7% 15.5% 20.6% 19.8% 30.6% 71.4% 42.8% 56.1% 45.4% 77.5% 43.7% 54.3% 1.9% 52.0% 62.6% 33.9% 19.4% 19.44%
FCF Payout Ratio 29.4% 22.8% 22.2% 26.6% 30.7% 80.9% 53.6% 43.0% 34.7% 48.6% 45.9% 32.3% 60.7% 32.0% 36.2% 83.3% 12.8% 99.7% 38.0% 33.7% 33.67%
Total Payout Ratio 24.7% 18.8% 31.4% 38.4% 33.7% 45.1% 31.2% 34.0% 71.4% 1.2% 1.6% 1.3% 2.2% 43.7% 54.3% 1.9% 52.0% 62.6% 33.9% 19.4% 19.44%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Chowder Number -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.007
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.9% 1.2% 1.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0% 1.6% 1.4% 2.1% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.9% 1.2% 1.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0% 1.6% 1.4% 2.1% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 0.6% 0.5% 1.0% 1.8% 2.1% 2.1% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 2.4% 2.1% 3.2% 3.8% 1.7% 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.43%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.78 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.78 0.78 0.73 0.61 0.72 0.71 0.78 0.81 0.75 0.71 0.65 0.73 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.776
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.82 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.68 0.81 0.78 0.52 0.97 1.12 1.60 1.44 1.443
EBIT Margin 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.19 0.20 0.16 0.09 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.17 0.15 0.07 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.15 0.146
Asset Turnover 0.72 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.70 0.72 0.69 0.67 0.59 0.59 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.54 0.57 0.58 0.62 0.70 0.703
Equity Multiplier 1.25 1.27 1.33 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.33 1.27 1.27 1.24 1.27 1.23 1.22 1.19 1.23 1.19 1.19 1.21 1.25 1.23 1.226
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $445.94 $579.03 $583.87 $642.92 $781.89 $580.77 $608.27 $456.23 $195.25 $328.91 $248.31 $304.75 $178.68 $319.10 $253.19 $72.97 $265.66 $220.78 $396.55 $698.69 $698.69
Book Value/Share $4053.03 $4101.41 $4121.72 $4325.11 $4677.02 $4511.73 $4606.38 $4677.97 $4739.08 $4580.02 $4527.93 $4739.30 $4677.87 $4910.71 $4710.15 $4672.04 $4817.09 $5014.75 $5008.97 $5310.76 $5310.76
Tangible Book/Share $3964.29 $3943.62 $4028.62 $4234.22 $4588.38 $4373.43 $4457.58 $4513.48 $4578.41 $4418.91 $4357.32 $4571.82 $4503.83 $4724.53 $4633.65 $4449.70 $4572.75 $4770.35 $4745.40 $5016.58 $5016.58
Revenue/Share $3502.91 $3617.28 $3791.97 $3781.60 $3949.61 $4070.94 $4025.67 $3840.87 $3510.82 $3384.65 $3190.73 $3234.52 $3176.65 $3077.66 $3001.30 $2995.55 $3205.48 $3480.87 $3703.39 $4265.51 $4265.51
FCF/Share $373.58 $476.50 $495.27 $452.38 $394.24 $148.19 $224.96 $324.43 $401.78 $289.64 $303.21 $428.84 $228.12 $436.55 $379.69 $165.92 $10.76 $138.59 $353.68 $403.31 $403.31
OCF/Share $476.74 $621.36 $669.53 $622.53 $629.58 $433.20 $550.82 $635.48 $642.65 $443.13 $389.87 $497.01 $306.39 $553.05 $501.63 $315.98 $183.36 $270.67 $464.74 $482.16 $482.16
Cash/Share $1862.22 $2180.19 $2110.42 $1868.76 $2159.72 $2055.34 $2143.25 $2077.02 $2379.66 $1930.07 $1986.33 $2033.00 $2075.63 $2309.09 $2273.75 $1980.54 $2001.55 $2160.08 $2368.78 $2187.07 $2187.07
EBITDA/Share $817.08 $865.30 $904.49 $974.14 $913.01 $673.49 $648.98 $497.12 $408.54 $552.59 $543.63 $588.42 $464.08 $672.93 $598.83 $938.94 $1148.89 $1031.55 $1079.14 $833.23 $833.23
Debt/Share $381.68 $454.29 $466.00 $454.08 $444.27 $419.89 $412.51 $411.14 $397.94 $294.76 $278.69 $263.35 $250.57 $236.22 $296.26 $282.10 $266.58 $250.70 $228.68 $213.96 $213.96
Net Debt/Share $-1480.54 $-1725.90 $-1644.42 $-1414.67 $-1715.46 $-1635.44 $-1730.74 $-1665.87 $-1981.72 $-1635.31 $-1707.65 $-1769.65 $-1825.05 $-2072.87 $-1977.49 $-1698.44 $-1734.98 $-1909.39 $-2140.10 $-1973.11 $-1973.11
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.422
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 30.880
Piotroski F-Score 6 6 6 6 7 6 7 6 4 6 6 6 7 6 6 5 3 6 6 5 5
Beneish M-Score -2.03 -2.45 -2.53 -2.49 -2.32 -2.15 -2.38 -2.63 -2.98 -3.01 -3.01 -2.91 -3.23 -2.65 -2.76 -2.85 -2.01 -2.02 -1.92 -1.42 -1.419
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -13.118
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 12.94%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $3724.04
EVA snapshot only $5212898555.66
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA+
Credit Score 92.52 92.73 92.34 93.23 92.98 99.32 93.88 93.80 93.41 93.75 93.60 93.80 93.55 93.03 93.20 93.27 90.69 93.34 93.29 93.02 93.021
Credit Grade snapshot only 2
Credit Trend snapshot only -0.253
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 65.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 79
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 87

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