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Not Investment Advice

100220.KS KSC

Visang Education Inc
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.6% 3M: -3.6% YTD: -5.2% 1Y: -17.6% 3Y: +0.7% 5Y: -57.3%
₩4,995.00 ($3.72)
-5.00 (-0.10%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±2.6%
₩4738 ₩4866 ₩4995 ₩5124 ₩5252
KSC · Communication Services · Publishing · Tech Score Buy · Power 56 · ₩61.2B mcap · 5M float · 1.37% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
2
P/E
4
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. 100220.KS receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5), P/E (4/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), D/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-09-03 A A-
2026-08-21 A- A
2026-08-18 B+ A-
2026-05-11 A- B+
2026-05-06 B+ A-
2026-04-24 B B+
2026-04-20 B+ B
2026-04-20 B B+
2026-04-01 B+ B
2026-03-24 C- B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 68 Grade A
Profitability
42
Balance Sheet
73
Earnings Quality
71
Growth
66
Value
90
Momentum
91
Safety
50
Cash Flow
70
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. 100220.KS scores highest in Momentum (91/100) and lowest in Profitability (42/100). An overall grade of A places 100220.KS among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
1.85
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
8/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.21
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.30
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB+
Score: 63.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.25x
Accruals: -2.2%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. 100220.KS scores 1.85, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. 100220.KS scores 8/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. 100220.KS's score of -2.21 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. 100220.KS's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. 100220.KS receives an estimated rating of BBB+ (score: 63.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). 100220.KS's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
1.83x
PEG
0.01x
P/S
0.21x
P/B
0.27x
P/FCF
1.58x
P/OCF
1.49x
EV/EBITDA
2.50x
EV/Revenue
0.43x
EV/EBIT
3.33x
EV/FCF
3.12x
Earnings Yield
53.82%
FCF Yield
63.29%
Shareholder Yield
4.21%
Graham Number
$33967.15
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 1.8x earnings, 100220.KS trades at a deep value multiple. An earnings yield of 53.8% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $33967.15 per share, suggesting a potential 580% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.835
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.089
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.129
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.761
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.864
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
16.6%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. 100220.KS's ROE of 16.6% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.761), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$108156.77
Price/Value
0.05x
Margin of Safety
95.17%
Premium
-95.17%
Assessment
Undervalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with 100220.KS's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. At an intrinsic value of $108156.77, 100220.KS appears undervalued with a 95% margin of safety. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 1.8x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$4995.00
Median 1Y
$4215.90
5th Pctile
$1869.71
95th Pctile
$9486.85
Ann. Volatility
51.1%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 2.2% 3.1% 1.0% 2.3% 1.9% -0.5% -6.0% -6.5% -5.4% -6.5% -0.8% -2.4% -3.7% -1.6% 8.3% 7.0% 3.2% 11.3% 11.5% 16.6% 16.60%
ROA 1.7% 2.3% 0.7% 1.7% 1.4% -0.3% -4.1% -4.2% -3.4% -3.7% -0.4% -1.2% -1.9% -0.8% 4.1% 3.5% 1.5% 5.4% 6.0% 8.9% 8.91%
ROIC 2.7% 2.8% 0.8% 2.6% 1.7% -4.9% -3.8% -3.2% -3.0% -1.6% 1.7% 1.9% 0.4% 2.6% 7.9% 6.9% 5.4% 6.4% 9.9% 13.5% 13.45%
ROCE 2.8% 3.9% 2.4% 2.7% 2.7% 0.1% -7.5% -7.0% -7.0% -6.8% 0.1% 0.4% -1.7% -1.5% 5.7% 6.4% 5.5% 10.4% 12.8% 16.5% 16.46%
Gross Margin 51.8% 57.8% 61.7% 56.8% 53.0% 58.5% 57.5% 62.6% 61.5% 57.9% 66.9% 65.0% 55.9% 65.2% 65.5% 65.8% 54.0% 66.8% 65.4% 60.7% 60.65%
Operating Margin -14.8% 14.5% 10.7% -15.6% -12.2% 10.0% -10.9% -12.2% -11.4% 15.0% 7.6% -10.9% -26.7% 23.8% 21.8% -21.6% -33.5% 27.7% 33.8% -1.7% -1.70%
Net Margin -14.3% 12.4% 5.1% -6.0% -13.7% 5.4% -10.6% -7.1% -9.0% 2.9% 5.9% -13.4% -15.6% 6.8% 25.9% -20.8% -32.8% 23.2% 24.7% 1.7% 1.67%
EBITDA Margin -4.8% 19.9% 17.2% -6.6% -2.0% 10.4% -6.0% -5.8% -3.3% 10.4% 9.7% -5.2% -20.5% 10.1% 34.7% -14.9% -25.9% 22.0% 36.8% 4.7% 4.70%
FCF Margin 0.9% 1.6% -6.5% -7.0% -10.1% -12.6% -16.1% -22.6% -25.2% -27.5% -29.0% -21.9% -24.7% -14.7% 1.1% 2.4% 6.1% 5.7% 14.8% 13.8% 13.76%
OCF Margin 7.8% 9.1% 3.0% 4.2% 2.0% 0.8% 0.2% -3.7% -3.9% -1.7% 6.4% 7.8% 5.1% 9.0% 10.4% 13.4% 13.3% 9.5% 16.7% 14.6% 14.58%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.60%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 3.08%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.66%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.93%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 11.54%
Cash ROA snapshot only 10.74%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 15.00%
CROIC snapshot only 14.16%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 13.08%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 14.02%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 10.18%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 31.58%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 24.29 15.53 49.30 16.01 19.90 -70.56 -6.08 -5.35 -5.18 -5.37 -40.12 -13.75 -9.38 -18.23 3.52 6.09 11.91 2.99 2.80 1.86 1.828
P/S Ratio 0.49 0.44 0.44 0.31 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.21 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.30 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.208
P/B Ratio 0.53 0.47 0.49 0.37 0.38 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.29 0.37 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.30 0.28 0.41 0.38 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.274
P/FCF 52.48 27.13 -6.78 -4.47 -2.96 -2.24 -1.77 -1.16 -0.82 -0.96 -0.83 -1.08 -1.02 -1.46 18.70 12.65 4.16 4.14 1.62 1.58 1.580
P/OCF 6.26 4.79 14.67 7.52 14.69 35.78 156.90 — — — 3.74 3.03 4.97 2.38 2.00 2.23 1.90 2.50 1.43 1.49 1.491
EV/EBITDA 4.16 3.38 4.68 3.70 3.81 5.50 82.61 91.24 153.88 196.00 16.28 16.40 46.60 40.55 5.42 7.27 7.86 4.77 3.01 2.50 2.496
EV/Revenue 0.44 0.38 0.46 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.47 0.55 0.54 0.64 0.72 0.75 0.83 0.72 0.57 0.66 0.65 0.59 0.44 0.43 0.429
EV/EBIT 16.11 10.30 20.33 14.32 15.44 389.89 -8.10 -10.43 -10.51 -13.12 1360.13 155.83 -43.59 -41.80 8.86 13.89 17.20 7.48 4.27 3.33 3.333
EV/FCF 46.64 23.83 -7.01 -5.11 -3.68 -3.02 -2.95 -2.43 -2.13 -2.34 -2.48 -3.45 -3.35 -4.92 51.35 28.11 10.70 10.39 2.96 3.12 3.118
Earnings Yield 4.1% 6.4% 2.0% 6.2% 5.0% -1.4% -16.4% -18.7% -19.3% -18.6% -2.5% -7.3% -10.7% -5.5% 28.4% 16.4% 8.4% 33.5% 35.7% 53.8% 53.82%
FCF Yield 1.9% 3.7% -14.7% -22.4% -33.7% -44.6% -56.5% -86.1% -1.2% -1.0% -1.2% -92.4% -97.8% -68.4% 5.3% 7.9% 24.0% 24.2% 61.9% 63.3% 63.29%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.012
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.323
EV/OCF snapshot only 2.942
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 0.678
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 2.739
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 4.21%
Graham Number snapshot only $33967.15
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.91 1.77 1.93 1.96 1.92 1.68 1.10 0.93 0.83 0.80 0.66 1.33 1.11 1.26 1.57 0.73 0.66 0.80 0.94 0.93 0.935
Quick Ratio 1.55 1.48 1.46 1.25 1.19 1.17 0.77 0.66 0.59 0.62 0.52 1.07 0.84 1.02 1.35 0.62 0.56 0.69 0.85 0.80 0.801
Debt/Equity 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.30 0.44 0.52 0.66 0.77 0.89 0.89 0.85 0.73 0.74 0.79 0.70 0.59 0.52 0.516
Net Debt/Equity -0.06 -0.06 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.25 0.39 0.46 0.53 0.65 0.72 0.81 0.70 0.49 0.51 0.60 0.48 0.25 0.28 0.278
Debt/Assets 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.19 0.26 0.30 0.33 0.38 0.42 0.41 0.39 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.29 0.289
Debt/EBITDA 0.64 0.56 0.88 1.05 1.09 2.06 40.56 54.08 107.61 143.57 12.84 13.77 35.26 34.36 5.14 5.80 6.40 4.19 3.14 2.28 2.284
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.52 -0.47 0.15 0.46 0.74 1.41 33.02 47.58 94.58 115.85 10.81 11.25 32.36 28.51 3.44 4.00 4.80 2.87 1.37 1.23 1.231
Interest Coverage 27.82 54.17 33.71 40.42 34.32 1.44 -52.29 -33.20 -25.50 -12.78 0.09 0.40 -1.14 -0.98 3.41 2.95 2.35 4.49 6.52 8.01 8.010
Equity Multiplier 1.33 1.36 1.36 1.41 1.43 1.57 1.58 1.68 1.77 2.00 2.05 2.12 2.15 2.18 2.00 1.96 2.04 2.00 1.88 1.79 1.786
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.314
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 10.695
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.461
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.351
Defensive Interval snapshot only 345.8 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.83 0.81 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.68 0.70 0.76 0.761
Inventory Turnover 5.25 5.33 3.98 3.03 3.18 3.41 3.33 2.74 2.64 2.77 3.16 3.36 3.24 3.10 4.24 4.55 4.57 3.98 5.46 5.19 5.186
Receivables Turnover 3.90 3.09 3.37 4.01 4.26 3.43 3.83 4.22 4.23 3.24 3.87 4.14 4.08 3.28 3.81 4.51 4.64 3.45 3.70 4.33 4.335
Payables Turnover 13.74 10.48 23.59 8.72 12.52 6.26 17.54 8.87 17.87 6.71 25.26 25.44 18.99 10.81 41.79 34.83 19.77 10.16 36.92 14.09 14.091
DSO 94 118 108 91 86 106 95 86 86 113 94 88 89 111 96 81 79 106 99 84 84.2 days
DIO 70 68 92 120 115 107 110 133 138 132 115 109 113 118 86 80 80 92 67 70 70.4 days
DPO 27 35 15 42 29 58 21 41 20 54 14 14 19 34 9 10 18 36 10 26 25.9 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 137 152 184 169 171 155 184 179 204 190 195 183 183 195 173 151 140 162 156 129 128.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.585
Operating Cycle snapshot only 154.6 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 5.527
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.358
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 6.6% 25.1% 10.5% 13.2% 16.4% 17.4% 12.2% 9.1% 5.2% -0.3% 1.5% -1.1% -3.7% -2.3% 6.5% 6.3% 9.1% 9.1% 6.4% 10.7% 10.70%
Net Income 1.4% 1.4% -44.3% -26.7% -13.3% -1.2% -6.9% -3.7% -3.8% -11.2% 86.9% 65.3% 34.9% 76.6% 11.5% 4.0% 1.9% 8.3% 53.2% 1.6% 1.64%
EPS 1.4% 1.4% -44.2% -26.7% -13.2% -1.2% -6.9% -3.7% -3.8% -11.2% 86.9% 65.3% 35.0% 76.6% 11.5% 4.0% 1.9% 7.9% 53.1% 1.6% 1.64%
FCF 1.3% 1.5% 44.8% -30.8% -13.6% -10.2% -1.8% -2.5% -1.6% -1.2% -83.2% 4.2% 5.4% 48.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.3% 1.4% 13.1% 5.5% 5.46%
EBITDA 74.7% 86.5% -6.5% -5.5% 8.4% -28.3% -93.4% -93.3% -96.2% -95.3% 6.8% 6.6% 3.9% 4.3% 1.6% 1.1% 4.1% 6.6% 46.3% 1.1% 1.09%
Op. Income 3.1% 1.5% -43.5% -35.3% -22.8% -54.2% -3.4% -2.8% -2.7% -2.6% 1.6% 1.7% 1.2% 2.8% 2.6% 1.6% 9.2% 1.1% 54.5% 1.3% 1.33%
OCF Growth snapshot only 20.68%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.93%
Equity Growth snapshot only 17.07%
Debt Growth snapshot only -17.88%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.00%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 9.4% 10.0% 9.3% 9.8% 11.0% 8.3% 8.8% 9.7% 9.3% 13.6% 8.0% 6.9% 5.6% 4.6% 6.7% 4.7% 3.4% 2.0% 4.8% 5.2% 5.18%
Revenue 5Y 6.6% 8.4% 8.6% 10.4% 10.4% 11.7% 10.5% 10.9% 9.9% 9.3% 8.3% 7.4% 6.8% 4.3% 6.8% 6.8% 6.5% 9.3% 7.4% 7.5% 7.53%
EPS 3Y 7.4% 35.3% -40.8% -30.8% -32.2% — — — — — — — — — 1.0% 41.9% 15.8% — — — —
EPS 5Y -31.0% -25.1% -40.1% -28.9% -32.2% — — — — — — — — — — — — — 47.0% 40.8% 40.84%
Net Income 3Y 7.3% 35.3% -40.8% -30.7% -32.2% — — — — — — — — — 1.0% 41.9% 15.9% — — — —
Net Income 5Y -30.9% -25.1% -40.1% -28.9% -32.2% — — — — — — — — — — — — — 47.0% 40.8% 40.84%
EBITDA 3Y -3.9% -2.5% -15.0% -17.2% -13.5% -22.4% -60.2% -53.9% -58.6% — -21.6% -21.6% -41.5% -43.6% 9.6% 2.5% -2.2% 24.1% 2.1% 2.2% 2.22%
EBITDA 5Y -13.9% -11.5% -14.1% -12.9% -12.5% -13.5% -45.7% -41.5% -48.5% -49.9% -20.5% -22.0% -34.6% -34.9% 4.8% 9.3% 12.1% — 12.5% 16.2% 16.21%
Gross Profit 3Y 15.2% 16.9% 15.6% 15.8% 17.6% 12.4% 13.7% 15.8% 16.1% 21.5% 11.8% 10.5% 8.4% 8.7% 11.0% 8.3% 6.8% 5.5% 9.1% 8.3% 8.33%
Gross Profit 5Y 8.3% 9.7% 9.7% 11.8% 11.3% 14.2% 12.6% 14.6% 14.5% 14.3% 14.0% 12.5% 11.8% 8.8% 12.3% 12.5% 11.9% 15.6% 10.4% 10.0% 10.03%
Op. Income 3Y -9.5% -9.2% -35.9% -35.6% -32.9% -45.5% — — — — -7.2% -5.6% -39.4% 9.3% 72.9% 50.8% 43.2% 82.0% — — —
Op. Income 5Y -28.0% -26.2% -33.8% -30.1% -30.4% -32.7% — — — — -17.9% -19.1% -38.6% -14.3% 28.9% 98.7% — — 35.2% 38.9% 38.87%
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF 5Y -40.9% -34.8% — — — — — — — — — — — — -28.4% 23.6% — — — — —
OCF 3Y 38.6% 3.9% -37.0% -29.5% -46.3% -57.9% -76.4% — — — — 29.7% -8.5% 4.2% 61.5% 54.2% 93.0% 1.3% 3.7% — —
OCF 5Y -18.0% -17.5% -31.5% -23.1% -30.2% -32.8% -42.2% — — — -9.4% -6.7% -17.1% -3.8% -3.8% 12.5% 21.9% 6.1% — 36.8% 36.83%
Assets 3Y 2.9% 2.2% 2.1% 4.9% 4.1% 2.6% 4.5% 8.9% 9.7% 11.3% 12.0% 14.3% 13.6% 12.7% 13.7% 10.1% 9.5% 8.9% 11.8% 8.7% 8.68%
Assets 5Y 3.8% 2.5% 2.8% 4.7% 3.7% 3.8% 3.7% 5.9% 6.8% 7.4% 8.1% 9.3% 8.7% 6.3% 8.8% 9.2% 8.2% 8.7% 9.2% 9.5% 9.47%
Equity 3Y -0.8% -1.2% -0.8% -1.0% -1.9% -2.7% -1.9% -1.1% -1.3% -2.6% -2.8% -3.0% -3.3% -3.8% -0.1% -1.2% -2.6% 0.4% 5.6% 6.4% 6.41%
Book Value 3Y -0.7% -1.2% -0.8% -1.1% -1.9% -2.7% -1.9% -1.1% -1.2% -2.6% -2.7% -3.0% -3.3% -3.8% -0.1% -1.2% -2.6% -1.5% 5.7% 6.4% 6.43%
Dividend 3Y — — — — 13.6% 13.6% 13.6% -35.4% -23.1% -23.1% -23.1% — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.92 0.72 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.80 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.88 0.97 0.94 0.87 0.77 0.97 0.92 0.84 0.75 0.97 0.93 0.932
Earnings Stability 0.63 0.51 0.73 0.33 0.34 0.28 0.75 0.29 0.23 0.22 0.46 0.35 0.30 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.05 0.33 0.42 0.34 0.335
Margin Stability 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.91 0.92 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.89 0.93 0.94 0.945
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
Earnings Persistence 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness — — 0.43 0.69 0.86 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.58 0.10 0.098
ROE Trend 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.02 -0.08 -0.09 -0.08 -0.08 0.02 -0.00 -0.02 0.02 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.15 0.07 0.13 0.132
Gross Margin Trend 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.002
FCF Margin Trend 0.01 0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.09 -0.11 -0.06 -0.16 -0.21 -0.22 -0.18 -0.07 -0.07 0.05 0.24 0.25 0.31 0.27 0.29 0.24 0.235
Sustainable Growth Rate 1.2% 2.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.5% — — — — — — — — — 8.3% 7.0% 3.2% 11.3% 11.5% 15.3% 15.30%
Internal Growth Rate 1.0% 1.6% 0.1% 0.0% 0.4% — — — — — — — — — 4.3% 3.6% 1.6% 5.7% 6.3% 8.9% 8.94%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 3.88 3.24 3.36 2.13 1.35 -1.97 -0.04 0.75 0.97 0.35 -10.72 -4.53 -1.89 -7.66 1.76 2.73 6.26 1.20 1.96 1.25 1.246
FCF/OCF 0.12 0.18 -2.16 -1.68 -4.96 -15.94 -88.71 6.13 6.50 16.15 -4.50 -2.80 -4.86 -1.63 0.11 0.18 0.46 0.60 0.89 0.94 0.944
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.176
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.848
CapEx/Revenue 6.9% 7.5% 9.5% 11.2% 12.2% 13.4% 16.2% 18.9% 21.3% 25.8% 35.4% 29.7% 29.8% 23.7% 9.3% 11.0% 7.2% 3.8% 1.9% 0.8% 0.82%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.191
Accruals Ratio -0.05 -0.05 -0.02 -0.02 -0.00 -0.01 -0.04 -0.01 -0.00 -0.02 -0.05 -0.07 -0.05 -0.07 -0.03 -0.06 -0.08 -0.01 -0.06 -0.02 -0.022
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.062
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 8.384
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 1.8% 2.0% 1.9% 6.2% 3.7% 3.8% 3.8% 1.8% 2.3% 1.8% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 4.40%
Dividend/Share $149.84 $150.00 $150.00 $370.00 $220.00 $220.00 $219.88 $99.95 $100.00 $100.00 $100.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $220.00 $220.00
Payout Ratio 44.0% 30.4% 92.8% 99.6% 74.4% — — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.8% 7.83%
FCF Payout Ratio 95.1% 53.0% — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.7% 6.66%
Total Payout Ratio 44.0% 30.4% 92.8% 99.6% 74.4% — — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.8% 7.83%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 — — — — — — — — 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — 0.50 0.50 0.50 -0.71 -0.52 -0.53 -0.53 — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -0.1% -0.1% -0.1% -0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 1.8% 2.0% 1.9% 6.2% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 1.7% 2.2% 1.8% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 4.21%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.65 0.69 0.36 0.93 0.63 -3.07 0.81 0.92 0.74 0.88 0.69 1.70 1.24 0.61 0.98 1.01 0.89 0.88 0.74 0.83 0.835
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.15 1.09 1.10 0.84 0.99 1.34 0.99 1.01 1.05 1.13 -16.57 -2.09 1.14 1.12 0.94 1.02 0.63 1.13 1.12 1.09 1.089
EBIT Margin 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.06 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.02 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.129
Asset Turnover 0.83 0.81 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.68 0.70 0.76 0.761
Equity Multiplier 1.31 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.38 1.46 1.47 1.54 1.60 1.78 1.81 1.89 1.96 2.09 2.02 2.04 2.09 2.09 1.94 1.86 1.864
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $340.47 $493.92 $161.60 $371.61 $295.56 $-82.91 $-945.86 $-1011.11 $-823.32 $-1008.78 $-123.63 $-351.34 $-535.14 $-236.44 $1299.65 $1062.56 $459.40 $1638.10 $1990.36 $2809.27 $2809.27
Book Value/Share $15488.58 $16316.31 $16379.33 $16153.08 $15615.22 $16096.79 $15422.71 $15140.94 $14779.36 $14789.09 $15099.82 $14582.41 $14017.81 $14503.67 $16348.42 $15591.72 $14432.09 $15369.68 $18188.43 $18253.36 $18253.36
Tangible Book/Share $13452.33 $14228.73 $14506.17 $14434.80 $14039.53 $14714.70 $13973.84 $13635.63 $13343.97 $13648.70 $13421.56 $12594.77 $11629.83 $12319.19 $14137.11 $13267.07 $12122.95 $13209.21 $15978.26 $16157.02 $16157.02
Revenue/Share $16836.94 $17595.69 $18053.69 $18907.17 $19622.52 $20652.84 $20247.26 $20620.31 $20639.60 $20599.20 $20563.64 $20398.29 $19853.46 $20115.91 $21909.73 $21687.84 $21675.55 $20679.82 $23304.61 $24008.36 $24008.36
FCF/Share $157.54 $282.82 $-1174.36 $-1330.36 $-1984.77 $-2606.98 $-3251.03 $-4658.18 $-5194.22 $-5671.25 $-5958.84 $-4464.81 $-4907.97 $-2949.58 $244.42 $511.35 $1315.48 $1183.71 $3448.75 $3303.63 $3303.63
OCF/Share $1320.22 $1602.60 $543.25 $790.81 $400.32 $163.51 $36.65 $-759.91 $-799.36 $-351.16 $1325.30 $1592.55 $1010.66 $1810.57 $2288.86 $2901.29 $2878.01 $1959.25 $3894.41 $3501.21 $3501.21
Cash/Share $2047.47 $2058.48 $1282.30 $1078.89 $668.28 $927.31 $875.02 $805.54 $936.92 $1874.44 $1841.76 $2369.94 $1022.67 $2094.72 $3920.06 $3573.13 $2859.46 $3398.29 $6020.36 $4343.70 $4343.70
EBITDA/Share $1764.35 $1996.31 $1758.07 $1839.34 $1915.20 $1431.00 $115.94 $123.89 $71.92 $67.62 $906.98 $938.11 $352.70 $358.13 $2317.10 $1978.23 $1790.16 $2576.38 $3389.00 $4126.66 $4126.66
Debt/Share $1126.69 $1126.51 $1545.90 $1927.19 $2090.52 $2950.03 $4702.93 $6700.12 $7738.58 $9708.48 $11646.76 $12922.32 $12437.73 $12306.79 $11902.02 $11477.71 $11460.34 $10802.91 $10653.93 $9425.44 $9425.44
Net Debt/Share $-920.78 $-931.97 $263.60 $848.30 $1422.24 $2022.72 $3827.91 $5894.57 $6801.66 $7834.04 $9805.01 $10552.38 $11415.06 $10212.07 $7981.95 $7904.58 $8600.88 $7404.62 $4633.58 $5081.75 $5081.75
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.854
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 2.280
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 5 6 7 5 3 3 3 2 5 6 4 5 8 7 7 7 6 8 8
Beneish M-Score -2.68 -2.75 -2.56 -2.63 -2.71 -2.93 -2.78 -2.50 -2.45 -2.44 -2.34 -2.44 -1.55 -2.38 -2.37 -2.81 -3.06 -2.42 -2.62 -2.21 -2.214
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -10.304
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 36.85%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-1426.38
EVA snapshot only $9876037332.36
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB+
Credit Score 79.27 80.25 72.41 68.21 67.06 44.58 22.08 19.82 18.10 17.37 16.94 27.30 17.61 24.30 42.50 31.87 31.47 38.69 53.67 63.82 63.822
Credit Grade snapshot only 8
Credit Trend snapshot only 31.947
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 225.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 50
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 61

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