— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice

1426.HK HKSE

Spring Real Estate Investment Trust
1W: +16.9% 1M: +26.7% 3M: +21.6% YTD: -7.9% 1Y: -9.5% 3Y: -13.6% 5Y: -22.1%
HK$1.47 ($0.19)
-0.05 (-3.29%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±5.3%
HK$1 HK$1 HK$2 HK$2 HK$2
HKSE · Real Estate · REIT - Diversified · Tech Score Buy · Power 70 · HK$2.3B mcap · 453M float · 0.038% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. 1426.HK receives an overall rating of B-. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), P/B (5/5). Areas of concern: ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-05 B B-
2026-08-03 B- B
2026-04-15 None ADDED
2026-04-14 EXISTED None
2026-04-08 None ADDED
2026-04-07 EXISTED None
2026-04-01 B- C+
2026-02-20 C+ B-
2026-02-16 B- C+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 37 Grade D
Profitability
40
Balance Sheet
55
Earnings Quality
61
Growth
52
Value
58
Momentum
50
Safety
15
Cash Flow
62
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. 1426.HK scores highest in Cash Flow (62/100) and lowest in Safety (15/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
0.39
Distress Zone
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
4929149129.84
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.47
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BB+
Score: 46.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -0.71x
Accruals: -7.8%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. 1426.HK scores 0.39, placing it in the Distress Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Historically, companies in this range face elevated bankruptcy risk. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. 1426.HK scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. 1426.HK's score of 4929149129.84 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. 1426.HK's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. 1426.HK receives an estimated rating of BB+ (score: 46.8/100), with a improving trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-3.40x
PEG
0.04x
P/S
2.59x
P/B
0.37x
P/FCF
5.62x
P/OCF
5.62x
EV/EBITDA
-55.45x
EV/Revenue
6.38x
EV/EBIT
84.11x
EV/FCF
16.21x
Earnings Yield
-24.98%
FCF Yield
17.81%
Shareholder Yield
15.93%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. 1426.HK currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
1.145
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
-6.355
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.076
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.082
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.133
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-9.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. 1426.HK's ROE of -9.7% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.082), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 1.15 indicates minimal tax leakage — the company retains over 90% of pre-tax earnings.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$1.52
Median 1Y
$1.41
5th Pctile
$0.86
95th Pctile
$2.30
Ann. Volatility
27.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 41.2% 42.4% 40.9% 40.1% 43.8% 38.8% 18.2% 17.0% -4.1% -3.2% -1.9% -0.8% 1.1% 0.2% -0.8% -1.5% -2.1% -3.9% -5.6% -9.7% -9.66%
ROA 27.2% 28.2% 33.0% 32.3% 29.2% 22.6% 12.5% 10.6% -2.3% -1.6% -1.0% -0.4% 0.5% 0.1% -0.4% -0.7% -1.0% -1.8% -2.6% -4.5% -4.53%
ROIC 4.8% 6.8% 7.6% 7.6% 6.9% 3.3% 1.6% -0.1% -6.1% -7.9% 4.1% -1.1% 2.0% 1.5% -2.4% 1.8% 1.2% 2.3% 1.0% 2.3% 2.26%
ROCE 4.5% 4.7% 7.0% 7.1% 5.6% 4.4% 4.0% 3.7% 5.6% 4.6% 4.2% 4.4% 4.6% 8.1% 9.3% 7.7% 5.1% 2.7% 2.7% 0.6% 0.63%
Gross Margin 74.5% 74.6% 71.9% 75.8% 67.2% 77.0% 65.4% 77.8% 75.5% 76.1% 71.3% 77.4% 77.4% 73.7% 73.7% 74.9% 74.9% 72.2% 70.8% 73.6% 73.64%
Operating Margin 87.9% 61.7% 1.2% 63.5% 46.3% 92.2% 55.3% 64.2% 68.9% 27.4% 30.7% 56.1% 56.1% 31.6% 31.6% 14.4% 14.4% 53.8% -68.4% 52.7% 52.71%
Net Margin 5.1% 1.1% 4.7% 35.1% 6.0% -21.1% -29.3% -25.6% -25.3% 4.2% 4.6% 11.7% 11.7% -26.1% -26.1% -11.1% -11.1% -43.6% -83.5% -75.3% -75.27%
EBITDA Margin 82.8% 42.7% 1.9% -27.4% 1.1% 0.0% -9.3% 0.0% 38.5% 0.0% 15.3% -12.5% 92.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.5% 0.0% -41.0% -41.02%
FCF Margin 61.7% 59.3% 60.3% 60.2% 63.8% 64.7% 65.0% 64.2% 51.7% 52.3% 50.3% 48.7% 54.6% 52.8% 58.6% 59.5% 60.7% 51.6% 50.5% 39.3% 39.35%
OCF Margin 61.7% 59.3% 60.3% 60.2% 63.8% 64.7% 65.0% 64.2% 51.7% 52.3% 50.3% 48.7% 54.5% 52.7% 58.5% 59.4% 60.7% 51.6% 50.5% 39.3% 39.35%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only -4.04%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 8.93%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only -1.87%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 0.35%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 2.12%
Cash ROA snapshot only 3.20%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 4.00%
CROIC snapshot only 4.00%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 22.24%
Pretax Margin snapshot only -48.19%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 4.15%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 0.91 0.91 0.82 0.91 0.90 0.93 1.90 2.09 -9.79 -10.37 -20.53 -40.45 35.99 192.67 -48.87 -26.92 -17.86 -10.22 -6.85 -4.00 -3.403
P/S Ratio 2.97 3.05 2.89 3.12 3.23 3.09 3.25 3.13 2.51 2.16 2.32 1.98 2.67 2.66 3.27 3.39 3.35 2.79 2.61 2.21 2.588
P/B Ratio 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.35 0.43 0.38 0.36 0.38 0.41 0.35 0.41 0.35 0.39 0.38 0.42 0.41 0.38 0.41 0.38 0.39 0.371
P/FCF 4.82 5.13 4.80 5.18 5.05 4.78 5.00 4.88 4.85 4.14 4.60 4.07 4.90 5.05 5.58 5.70 5.52 5.41 5.17 5.62 5.616
P/OCF 4.82 5.13 4.80 5.18 5.05 4.78 5.00 4.88 4.85 4.14 4.60 4.07 4.90 5.05 5.59 5.71 5.52 5.41 5.17 5.62 5.616
EV/EBITDA 29.64 8.12 14.96 19.56 19.33 34.36 36.66 32.70 54.35 55.32 33.47 39.80 37.07 35.94 47.42 39.80 — 255.31 267.45 -55.45 -55.452
EV/Revenue 6.19 2.81 5.50 5.69 6.56 8.86 8.86 9.21 7.11 7.05 6.09 6.49 8.19 8.02 9.63 9.65 9.91 7.73 8.25 6.38 6.378
EV/EBIT 11.30 5.09 7.36 7.63 10.50 12.98 14.71 15.21 10.37 12.34 12.32 13.18 13.11 11.63 11.40 11.42 16.65 19.97 21.47 84.11 84.109
EV/FCF 10.04 4.73 9.12 9.44 10.27 13.70 13.62 14.33 13.74 13.49 12.11 13.33 15.01 15.19 16.43 16.22 16.31 14.97 16.32 16.21 16.210
Earnings Yield 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 52.7% 47.9% -10.2% -9.6% -4.9% -2.5% 2.8% 0.5% -2.0% -3.7% -5.6% -9.8% -14.6% -25.0% -24.98%
FCF Yield 20.8% 19.5% 20.8% 19.3% 19.8% 20.9% 20.0% 20.5% 20.6% 24.2% 21.7% 24.6% 20.4% 19.8% 17.9% 17.5% 18.1% 18.5% 19.4% 17.8% 17.81%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.036
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.390
EV/OCF snapshot only 16.210
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 8.745
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 22.656
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 15.93%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 6.20 0.99 6.06 6.06 5.96 2.17 2.11 2.41 3.34 1.67 2.15 0.92 0.92 0.26 0.22 0.18 0.18 4.61 2.04 3.87 3.874
Quick Ratio 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 -4.55 2.17 -1.37 2.41 -1.69 1.67 2.15 0.92 0.92 0.26 0.22 0.18 0.18 4.61 2.04 3.87 3.874
Debt/Equity 0.46 0.00 0.36 0.36 0.46 0.74 0.66 0.81 0.81 0.83 0.75 0.86 0.86 0.82 0.87 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.88 0.86 0.855
Net Debt/Equity 0.39 -0.03 0.29 0.29 0.44 0.71 0.63 0.73 0.75 0.80 0.66 0.80 0.80 0.77 0.82 0.75 0.75 0.72 0.83 0.74 0.736
Debt/Assets 0.31 0.00 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.38 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.36 0.41 0.41 0.38 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.39 0.394
Debt/EBITDA 18.31 0.00 8.82 10.99 10.33 23.35 24.22 23.87 37.65 40.10 23.55 29.54 26.69 25.35 33.06 28.48 — 190.81 193.40 -42.11 -42.113
Net Debt/EBITDA 15.42 -0.69 7.09 8.84 9.82 22.37 23.22 21.58 35.17 38.35 20.74 27.64 24.98 24.01 31.31 25.80 — 163.05 182.80 -36.24 -36.242
Interest Coverage 9.10 10.85 17.04 21.89 24.04 5.36 2.41 1.96 1.86 2.17 2.18 2.79 6.44 4.23 10.51 3.20 2.20 1.34 1.31 0.32 0.317
Equity Multiplier 1.50 1.48 1.21 1.21 1.50 1.97 1.74 2.04 2.04 2.09 2.08 2.11 2.11 2.15 2.15 2.09 2.09 2.14 2.17 2.17 2.173
Cash Ratio snapshot only 3.817
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only -0.482
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.139
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.081
Defensive Interval snapshot only 600.2 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.082
Inventory Turnover 0.42 0.85 0.90 0.92 0.33 — 0.30 0.96 0.26 — 0.54 — 0.41 — — — — — — — —
Receivables Turnover 35.55 27.10 24.52 24.86 29.32 18.03 17.57 17.34 26.01 21.00 25.21 22.28 19.42 19.40 17.10 15.68 15.22 18.26 16.25 19.63 19.633
Payables Turnover — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.28 2.75 2.747
DSO 10 13 15 15 12 20 21 21 14 17 14 16 19 19 21 23 24 20 22 19 18.6 days
DIO 869 429 405 397 1091 0 1214 382 1428 0 679 0 890 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 133 132.9 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 879 442 420 411 1103 20 1235 403 1442 17 693 16 909 19 21 23 24 20 -138 -114 -114.3 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 1.481
Capital Intensity snapshot only 12.302
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 15.6% 18.0% 3.0% 4.0% -6.7% -7.4% -9.3% -5.9% 18.1% 20.1% 42.0% 33.8% -9.1% -12.2% -35.6% -37.0% -24.1% -4.9% 15.4% 45.2% 45.20%
Net Income 19.4% 24.4% 16.8% 4.2% 2.8% -8.2% -56.0% -58.6% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% -1.0% 1.3% 1.1% 61.8% -62.2% -2.9% -19.8% -5.6% -5.4% -5.36%
EPS 15.0% 23.1% 15.6% 3.3% 2.0% -8.7% -56.3% -58.9% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% -1.0% 1.3% 1.1% 62.2% -60.6% -2.9% -19.5% -5.5% -5.3% -5.29%
FCF 42.5% 36.5% 15.8% 10.9% -3.4% 1.0% -2.2% 0.3% -4.4% -3.0% 9.9% 1.4% -4.1% -11.4% -25.0% -22.9% -15.6% -7.0% -0.5% -4.0% -4.03%
EBITDA 2.2% 2.5% 2.0% 7.7% 51.5% -30.9% -40.4% -8.9% -54.5% -40.6% 7.0% -22.6% 53.5% 53.5% -28.2% -6.2% -1.0% -87.1% -82.5% -1.7% -1.69%
Op. Income 21.4% 17.2% 33.9% 42.1% 28.7% 36.4% -36.7% -33.8% 5.4% -16.8% 13.5% 3.2% -46.4% -36.4% -42.5% -55.3% -56.4% -22.1% -60.3% 20.2% 20.15%
OCF Growth snapshot only -3.86%
Asset Growth snapshot only 1.94%
Equity Growth snapshot only -1.79%
Debt Growth snapshot only 1.83%
Shares Change snapshot only 1.03%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -2.86%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 12.9% 13.5% 11.7% 13.1% 5.5% 6.2% -1.4% 0.6% 8.4% 9.5% 9.9% 9.4% 0.0% -0.8% -6.1% -7.4% -6.6% 0.1% 1.8% 7.0% 6.98%
Revenue 5Y 9.1% 10.0% 9.4% 10.3% 9.7% 9.1% 6.8% 6.7% 9.7% 10.2% 12.4% 12.7% 4.7% 4.7% -2.6% -3.0% -2.6% 1.8% -0.3% 3.7% 3.68%
EPS 3Y 1.0% 1.5% 3.2% 2.0% 1.2% 1.2% 0.1% -2.8% — — — — -71.5% -84.0% — — — — — — —
EPS 5Y 20.9% 24.9% 28.5% 45.5% 1.0% 58.0% 22.5% 24.2% — — — — -24.5% -45.1% — — — — — — —
Net Income 3Y 1.1% 1.6% 3.4% 2.2% 1.3% 1.2% -3.6% -1.1% — — — — -71.7% -84.1% — — — — — — —
Net Income 5Y 27.5% 31.7% 35.5% 52.0% 1.1% 63.8% 27.0% 28.0% — — — — -22.6% -46.6% — — — — — — —
EBITDA 3Y 1.2% 3.0% — — 67.4% 53.2% -2.3% — — — — — 1.9% -14.3% -22.9% -12.9% — -51.0% -48.7% — —
EBITDA 5Y -12.8% -6.5% -9.3% 0.5% — — — — 50.7% 91.6% — — 26.8% 26.8% -6.4% — — — — — —
Gross Profit 3Y 13.3% 13.7% 10.5% 11.9% 4.1% 5.2% -2.6% -0.2% 9.5% 10.5% 9.7% 9.0% -0.9% -1.9% -5.4% -7.0% -5.6% 0.7% 3.0% 7.9% 7.88%
Gross Profit 5Y 9.5% 9.9% 8.1% 9.4% 8.7% 8.2% 5.3% 5.2% 8.9% 9.4% 11.9% 12.2% 4.7% 4.7% -1.9% -2.5% -1.8% 2.4% -0.8% 3.0% 3.02%
Op. Income 3Y 10.7% 13.1% 31.6% 32.7% 15.8% 17.2% 3.9% 6.3% — — — — -10.1% -10.3% -25.5% -32.6% -37.3% -25.6% -36.3% -17.8% -17.83%
Op. Income 5Y 7.9% 9.3% 19.5% 22.1% 20.0% 21.2% 12.1% 9.6% 13.0% 10.4% 10.4% 9.8% -2.6% -3.2% -6.0% -11.1% — — — — —
FCF 3Y 9.0% 9.8% 10.4% 11.7% 11.0% 10.6% 5.4% 8.9% 9.6% 10.2% 7.6% 4.1% -4.0% -4.6% -6.9% -7.8% -8.2% -7.2% -6.4% -9.1% -9.15%
FCF 5Y 7.0% 7.0% 6.8% 7.5% 8.1% 7.8% 5.7% 5.3% 3.7% 5.4% 7.7% 7.2% 4.6% 3.0% -0.7% 0.2% 1.3% 2.0% -1.5% -3.6% -3.56%
OCF 3Y 9.0% 9.8% 10.4% 11.7% 11.0% 10.6% 5.4% 8.9% 9.6% 10.2% 7.6% 4.1% -4.0% -4.7% -7.0% -7.9% -8.2% -7.2% -6.4% -9.1% -9.15%
OCF 5Y 7.0% 7.0% 6.8% 7.5% 8.1% 7.8% 5.7% 5.3% 3.7% 5.4% 7.7% 7.2% 4.6% 3.0% -0.8% 0.1% 1.3% 2.0% -1.5% -3.6% -3.56%
Assets 3Y 4.6% 5.2% -5.5% -5.5% -5.3% 6.5% 7.4% 10.6% 5.8% 7.6% 13.1% 12.6% 5.4% 5.5% 8.5% 9.3% 9.6% -2.7% 0.1% -4.0% -3.96%
Assets 5Y 4.1% 2.2% -1.6% -1.6% 0.7% 2.9% 0.8% 4.1% 4.9% 6.0% 3.7% 3.5% 3.1% 3.5% 3.9% 3.3% 3.7% 3.6% 5.9% 6.3% 6.28%
Equity 3Y 6.6% 7.6% 4.2% 4.2% -3.1% -0.5% 1.0% 0.5% -3.9% -2.9% -4.0% -4.8% -5.9% -6.8% -10.4% -9.0% -1.9% -5.2% -7.0% -5.9% -5.93%
Book Value 3Y 1.9% 2.3% -0.9% -0.8% -7.7% 3.4% 4.9% -1.3% -5.6% -2.4% -3.6% -4.4% -5.5% -6.4% -10.0% -8.7% -1.6% -5.1% -6.9% -5.7% -5.71%
Dividend 3Y 0.1% -0.0% -0.3% -0.4% -1.2% 7.2% 5.7% -1.3% -3.3% -2.2% -3.4% -3.6% -4.1% -2.4% -5.8% -5.0% -5.5% -2.9% 1.1% -0.4% -0.40%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.56 0.70 0.89 0.88 0.71 0.81 0.62 0.55 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.18 0.00 0.04 0.043
Earnings Stability 0.56 0.59 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.81 0.45 0.41 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.11 0.52 0.48 0.68 0.72 0.84 0.90 0.896
Margin Stability 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.976
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.92 0.90 0.93 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.82 0.78 0.84 0.96 0.97 0.91 0.22 0.17 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
ROE Trend 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.03 -0.19 -0.21 -0.48 -0.44 -0.31 -0.29 -0.21 -0.19 -0.09 -0.10 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.09 -0.086
Gross Margin Trend 0.04 0.04 0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.019
FCF Margin Trend 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.06 -0.11 -0.10 -0.12 -0.14 -0.03 -0.06 0.01 0.03 0.08 -0.01 -0.04 -0.15 -0.148
Sustainable Growth Rate 35.3% 36.5% 35.0% 34.0% 37.0% 32.3% 11.9% 10.7% — — — — -5.3% -6.2% — — — — — — —
Internal Growth Rate 30.4% 32.0% 39.4% 37.9% 32.8% 23.2% 8.9% 7.2% — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.38 0.43 -2.02 -2.51 -4.46 -9.93 7.34 38.13 -8.74 -4.71 -3.23 -1.89 -1.33 -0.71 -0.713
FCF/OCF 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.713
CapEx/Revenue 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Accruals Ratio 0.22 0.23 0.27 0.27 0.24 0.18 0.08 0.06 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 -0.08 -0.078
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.357
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.178
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 15.7% 15.4% 17.7% 16.5% 17.3% 18.0% 18.3% 17.7% 17.9% 19.8% 16.1% 18.5% 16.2% 16.8% 14.6% 14.6% 14.2% 15.4% 16.3% 15.1% 5.00%
Dividend/Share $0.30 $0.31 $0.32 $0.32 $0.33 $0.34 $0.33 $0.33 $0.32 $0.32 $0.31 $0.30 $0.28 $0.29 $0.25 $0.25 $0.23 $0.26 $0.25 $0.24 $0.08
Payout Ratio 14.3% 14.0% 14.5% 15.1% 15.5% 16.8% 34.7% 37.0% — — — — 5.8% 32.4% — — — — — — —
FCF Payout Ratio 75.7% 79.3% 84.9% 85.6% 87.4% 86.2% 91.3% 86.4% 87.0% 81.9% 73.9% 75.4% 79.2% 84.9% 81.5% 83.0% 78.4% 83.3% 84.2% 84.9% 84.90%
Total Payout Ratio 14.7% 14.3% 14.7% 15.3% 15.7% 17.0% 35.3% 37.5% — — — — 9.0% 44.3% — — — — — — —
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.24 0.19 0.13 0.12 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.09 -0.03 -0.01 -0.02 0.07 0.19 0.13 0.133
Buyback Yield 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 3.4% 8.3% 9.8% 9.0% 6.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 0.8% 0.82%
Net Buyback Yield 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 3.4% 8.2% 9.8% 9.0% 6.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 0.8% 0.82%
Total Shareholder Return 16.1% 15.8% 18.0% 16.8% 17.5% 18.3% 18.6% 18.0% 18.1% 23.2% 24.3% 28.3% 25.1% 23.0% 14.9% 14.9% 14.6% 15.9% 16.7% 15.9% 15.93%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 18.09 10.44 10.46 13.09 13.14 23.03 5.28 7.53 -2.58 -3.53 6.94 -0.91 0.39 0.11 -1.76 6.73 2.41 2.02 1.45 1.15 1.145
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.33 0.58 0.45 0.35 0.44 0.21 0.54 0.33 0.14 0.10 -0.03 0.11 0.30 0.18 0.05 -0.02 -0.13 -0.35 -0.68 -6.35 -6.355
EBIT Margin 0.55 0.55 0.75 0.74 0.62 0.68 0.60 0.61 0.69 0.57 0.49 0.49 0.62 0.69 0.85 0.85 0.60 0.39 0.38 0.08 0.076
Asset Turnover 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.082
Equity Multiplier 1.51 1.51 1.24 1.24 1.50 1.71 1.46 1.60 1.76 2.03 1.90 2.07 2.07 2.12 2.11 2.10 2.10 2.14 2.16 2.13 2.133
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $2.11 $2.19 $2.20 $2.14 $2.15 $2.00 $0.96 $0.88 $-0.18 $-0.16 $-0.09 $-0.04 $0.05 $0.01 $-0.03 $-0.06 $-0.09 $-0.17 $-0.23 $-0.40 $-0.40
Book Value/Share $5.34 $5.46 $5.55 $5.53 $4.52 $4.88 $5.00 $4.89 $4.28 $4.57 $4.69 $4.54 $4.51 $4.48 $4.05 $4.22 $4.31 $4.17 $4.03 $4.10 $4.88
Tangible Book/Share $5.34 $5.46 $5.55 $5.53 $4.52 $4.88 $5.00 $4.89 $4.28 $4.57 $4.69 $4.54 $4.51 $4.48 $4.05 $4.22 $4.31 $4.17 $4.03 $4.10 $4.10
Revenue/Share $0.65 $0.65 $0.62 $0.63 $0.60 $0.60 $0.56 $0.59 $0.70 $0.74 $0.82 $0.81 $0.65 $0.65 $0.52 $0.50 $0.49 $0.61 $0.59 $0.72 $0.59
FCF/Share $0.40 $0.39 $0.38 $0.38 $0.38 $0.39 $0.36 $0.38 $0.36 $0.39 $0.41 $0.39 $0.36 $0.34 $0.31 $0.30 $0.30 $0.31 $0.30 $0.28 $0.15
OCF/Share $0.40 $0.39 $0.38 $0.38 $0.38 $0.39 $0.36 $0.38 $0.36 $0.39 $0.41 $0.39 $0.36 $0.34 $0.31 $0.30 $0.30 $0.31 $0.30 $0.28 $0.15
Cash/Share $0.39 $0.16 $0.40 $0.39 $0.10 $0.15 $0.14 $0.38 $0.23 $0.17 $0.42 $0.25 $0.25 $0.19 $0.19 $0.33 $0.33 $0.51 $0.19 $0.49 $0.49
EBITDA/Share $0.14 $0.23 $0.23 $0.18 $0.20 $0.16 $0.14 $0.17 $0.09 $0.09 $0.15 $0.13 $0.14 $0.14 $0.11 $0.12 $0.00 $0.02 $0.02 $-0.08 $-0.08
Debt/Share $2.47 $0.00 $2.02 $2.01 $2.10 $3.62 $3.28 $3.95 $3.45 $3.81 $3.52 $3.89 $3.86 $3.65 $3.51 $3.48 $3.56 $3.50 $3.54 $3.51 $3.51
Net Debt/Share $2.08 $-0.16 $1.62 $1.62 $1.99 $3.47 $3.14 $3.57 $3.23 $3.64 $3.10 $3.64 $3.61 $3.46 $3.32 $3.15 $3.22 $2.99 $3.35 $3.02 $3.02
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.389
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 0.729
Piotroski F-Score 7 5 6 6 5 4 2 3 4 4 7 4 6 5 4 3 3 3 4 5 5
Beneish M-Score -1.59 -1.69 -0.49 -0.71 -1.11 -1.52 -1.95 -2.39 -2.29 -2.84 -2.57 -2.78 -2.70 -2.62 -2.61 -3.22 -3.19 -2.17 -2.75 4929149129.84 4929149129.837
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.473
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 14.91%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-3.54
EVA snapshot only $-814433602.39
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BB+
Credit Score 53.79 63.74 58.89 60.81 59.95 54.16 36.72 41.14 35.11 42.99 44.33 35.72 42.09 33.53 44.67 33.14 32.49 37.42 37.35 46.79 46.789
Credit Grade snapshot only 11
Credit Trend snapshot only 13.652
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 400.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 57
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 53

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