— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 0RRC.L (LSE) · $vol 0M

2HRA.DE XETRA

H&R GmbH & Co. KGaA
1W: +0.8% 1M: +6.6% 3M: +36.3% YTD: +70.6% 1Y: +51.5% 3Y: +57.6% 5Y: -23.0%
€7.44 ($8.38)
+0.18 (+2.48%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.2%
€7 €7 €7 €8 €8
XETRA · Basic Materials · Chemicals - Specialty · Tech Score Buy · Power 65 · €276.9M mcap · 11M float · 0.074% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. 2HRA.DE receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROA (5/5), P/B (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-24 B B+
2026-08-18 B- B
2026-06-01 None ADDED
2026-06-01 EXISTED None
2026-05-21 C B-
2026-05-11 B- C
2026-04-08 C B-
2026-04-07 None ADDED
2026-04-07 EXISTED None
2026-03-23 B+ C

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 34 Grade A
Profitability
25
Balance Sheet
74
Earnings Quality
71
Growth
19
Value
33
Momentum
54
Safety
50
Cash Flow
30
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. 2HRA.DE scores highest in Balance Sheet (74/100) and lowest in Growth (19/100). An overall grade of A places 2HRA.DE among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
2.25
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.56
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-6.67
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 66.6/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 27.80x
Accruals: -6.8%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. 2HRA.DE scores 2.25, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. 2HRA.DE scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. 2HRA.DE's score of -2.56 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. 2HRA.DE's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. 2HRA.DE receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 66.6/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). 2HRA.DE's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
124.00x
PEG
-0.11x
P/S
0.21x
P/B
0.65x
P/FCF
13.03x
P/OCF
2.61x
EV/EBITDA
2.49x
EV/Revenue
0.22x
EV/EBIT
4.68x
EV/FCF
19.82x
Earnings Yield
1.38%
FCF Yield
7.67%
Shareholder Yield
0.00%
Graham Number
$4.19
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 124.0x earnings, 2HRA.DE is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $4.19 per share, 78% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.106
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.401
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.046
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.294
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.397
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
0.6%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. 2HRA.DE's ROE of 0.6% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.294), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 0.11 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$0.58
Price/Value
8.55x
Margin of Safety
-755.22%
Premium
755.22%
Assessment
Overvalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with 2HRA.DE's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. 2HRA.DE trades at a 755% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $0.58, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 124.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$7.44
Median 1Y
$7.15
5th Pctile
$3.99
95th Pctile
$12.95
Ann. Volatility
37.7%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 16.1% 15.0% 14.5% 12.9% 11.0% 10.9% 8.4% 4.1% 3.3% 2.5% 3.1% 2.3% 1.3% 2.5% 2.6% 2.0% 0.9% -9.7% -9.1% 0.6% 0.61%
ROA 6.6% 6.2% 5.7% 5.2% 4.7% 4.7% 3.5% 1.7% 1.4% 1.1% 1.4% 1.0% 0.6% 1.1% 1.1% 0.8% 0.4% -3.9% -3.8% 0.3% 0.25%
ROIC 14.6% 11.5% 12.7% 11.0% 9.2% 8.4% 8.7% 5.0% 4.5% 3.2% 4.0% 3.2% 2.7% 3.6% 3.8% 3.1% 1.9% 1.9% 2.4% 3.1% 3.13%
ROCE 13.0% 12.4% 12.1% 11.3% 10.2% 10.3% 8.8% 5.4% 4.7% 4.8% 5.8% 4.9% 4.1% 4.5% 4.7% 4.5% 4.1% 1.8% 2.2% 8.5% 8.49%
Gross Margin 26.9% 24.8% 20.5% 22.2% 20.7% 22.6% 18.8% 22.4% 24.0% 24.8% 22.0% 22.2% 24.0% 26.7% 22.6% 24.4% 10.8% -23.7% 12.1% 31.7% 31.73%
Operating Margin 7.5% 2.7% 3.3% 7.7% 4.1% 1.9% 0.1% 3.1% 3.9% 2.0% 2.0% 1.4% 2.7% 3.5% 2.3% 1.0% 1.8% -1.7% 3.2% 12.2% 12.20%
Net Margin 5.0% 1.0% 2.2% 4.9% 2.5% 0.7% -0.3% 1.3% 2.2% -0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 1.0% 1.3% 0.5% -0.5% -0.2% -13.8% 1.3% 9.2% 9.24%
EBITDA Margin 11.6% 6.3% 7.0% 10.7% 7.3% 5.9% 4.2% 7.2% 8.3% 8.4% 6.4% 5.9% 7.4% 7.8% 6.5% 5.8% 6.6% 3.0% 7.3% 15.3% 15.28%
FCF Margin -1.5% -1.0% -1.3% -1.1% -3.0% -2.0% 1.2% 1.4% 6.0% 4.6% 2.2% 1.4% 1.6% 1.1% -0.3% 2.8% 0.4% 2.9% 5.8% 1.1% 1.10%
OCF Margin 2.6% 3.1% 2.8% 2.4% 1.0% 2.4% 5.8% 6.5% 10.7% 8.8% 6.1% 5.1% 5.4% 5.2% 3.8% 6.8% 5.1% 7.5% 10.5% 5.5% 5.47%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 1.63%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 4.16%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 0.68%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 1.37%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 2.89%
Cash ROA snapshot only 6.87%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 13.60%
CROIC snapshot only 2.73%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 1.26%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 1.86%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 5.12%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 6.25 4.90 4.21 4.10 4.56 4.94 6.60 11.11 12.38 15.83 13.40 18.43 24.99 11.63 14.19 22.99 41.71 -4.12 -4.45 72.69 124.000
P/S Ratio 0.30 0.21 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.213
P/B Ratio 0.92 0.68 0.56 0.48 0.46 0.50 0.53 0.45 0.41 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.33 0.29 0.37 0.45 0.40 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.653
P/FCF -20.13 -21.23 -12.31 -12.58 -4.33 -6.59 12.25 8.95 2.07 2.72 5.90 9.35 6.34 8.11 -40.13 5.02 28.45 4.50 2.38 13.03 13.031
P/OCF 11.50 6.58 5.86 5.73 12.86 5.56 2.44 1.93 1.16 1.40 2.12 2.60 1.94 1.76 3.09 2.09 2.51 1.71 1.30 2.61 2.615
EV/EBITDA 2.95 2.99 2.21 2.27 2.66 3.22 2.70 3.16 2.97 3.19 2.61 3.47 2.37 2.77 2.90 2.99 2.85 3.93 3.26 2.49 2.491
EV/Revenue 0.37 0.33 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.22 0.20 0.25 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.19 0.22 0.217
EV/EBIT 5.08 4.88 3.65 3.79 4.64 5.78 5.32 8.42 8.60 9.46 6.93 10.32 7.98 7.90 8.15 8.68 8.82 22.87 16.41 4.68 4.683
EV/FCF -25.05 -33.95 -16.62 -18.42 -7.18 -12.47 16.91 13.85 3.16 4.88 8.93 17.59 10.10 16.69 -68.83 7.30 42.70 7.66 3.26 19.82 19.815
Earnings Yield 16.0% 20.4% 23.8% 24.4% 21.9% 20.2% 15.2% 9.0% 8.1% 6.3% 7.5% 5.4% 4.0% 8.6% 7.0% 4.4% 2.4% -24.3% -22.5% 1.4% 1.38%
FCF Yield -5.0% -4.7% -8.1% -8.0% -23.1% -15.2% 8.2% 11.2% 48.3% 36.8% 17.0% 10.7% 15.8% 12.3% -2.5% 19.9% 3.5% 22.2% 42.1% 7.7% 7.67%
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.466
EV/OCF snapshot only 3.976
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 2.117
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 4.678
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.00%
Graham Number snapshot only $4.19
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.69 1.73 1.54 1.55 1.61 1.54 1.50 1.44 1.48 1.70 1.53 1.47 1.69 1.53 1.51 1.48 1.42 1.31 1.31 1.58 1.583
Quick Ratio 1.00 0.93 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.74 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.84 0.92 0.83 0.97 0.81 0.83 0.81 0.75 0.73 0.76 0.93 0.930
Debt/Equity 0.44 0.54 0.41 0.41 0.47 0.58 0.39 0.43 0.37 0.49 0.42 0.56 0.38 0.46 0.43 0.38 0.39 0.49 0.35 0.39 0.390
Net Debt/Equity 0.23 0.41 0.20 0.22 0.30 0.44 0.20 0.25 0.21 0.32 0.22 0.38 0.19 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.20 0.30 0.16 0.23 0.227
Debt/Assets 0.18 0.22 0.16 0.17 0.20 0.25 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.22 0.18 0.23 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.19 0.14 0.16 0.161
Debt/EBITDA 1.13 1.49 1.20 1.32 1.65 1.97 1.44 1.91 1.78 2.15 1.71 2.40 1.72 2.12 1.96 1.73 1.86 2.65 1.98 1.47 1.466
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.58 1.12 0.57 0.72 1.05 1.52 0.74 1.12 1.02 1.42 0.89 1.62 0.88 1.42 1.21 0.93 0.95 1.62 0.88 0.85 0.853
Interest Coverage 7.27 11.17 11.25 13.69 11.86 9.75 7.03 3.66 2.70 2.59 3.00 2.47 2.23 2.70 2.83 2.75 2.51 1.31 1.54 10.27 10.274
Equity Multiplier 2.36 2.41 2.54 2.49 2.32 2.27 2.24 2.28 2.20 2.19 2.36 2.40 2.24 2.38 2.38 2.36 2.38 2.53 2.45 2.43 2.430
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.214
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 19.313
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.418
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.086
Defensive Interval snapshot only 605.6 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.37 1.47 1.47 1.52 1.66 1.72 1.64 1.50 1.44 1.45 1.40 1.38 1.42 1.40 1.36 1.34 1.34 1.26 1.22 1.29 1.294
Inventory Turnover 5.99 6.15 5.32 5.13 5.99 6.00 5.61 5.08 4.88 4.75 5.11 4.96 5.23 4.90 5.19 4.91 5.17 5.81 5.89 5.79 5.787
Receivables Turnover 10.09 10.81 10.80 9.15 10.58 11.96 11.16 9.01 9.81 11.34 9.45 8.79 10.04 11.12 8.46 8.79 9.68 9.26 8.22 7.76 7.758
Payables Turnover 12.16 9.93 8.40 7.75 15.29 12.75 9.62 8.15 10.53 10.37 7.91 7.75 8.65 10.40 9.19 8.51 9.28 12.56 13.34 12.99 12.993
DSO 36 34 34 40 35 31 33 40 37 32 39 42 36 33 43 42 38 39 44 47 47.0 days
DIO 61 59 69 71 61 61 65 72 75 77 71 74 70 75 70 74 71 63 62 63 63.1 days
DPO 30 37 43 47 24 29 38 45 35 35 46 47 42 35 40 43 39 29 27 28 28.1 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 67 56 59 64 72 63 60 68 77 74 64 68 64 72 74 73 69 73 79 82 82.0 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.132
Operating Cycle snapshot only 113.8 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 18.683
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.797
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 22.3% 36.1% 53.1% 45.1% 39.4% 32.6% 19.4% 2.4% -9.5% -14.2% -14.3% -9.6% -4.3% -1.0% 0.5% -0.9% -3.1% -7.2% -11.2% -1.4% -1.39%
Net Income 3.6% 6.6% 16.3% 37.6% -18.1% -14.9% -34.0% -65.8% -67.8% -75.3% -61.5% -42.7% -60.3% 0.6% -14.8% -15.2% -28.8% -4.7% -4.3% -68.6% -68.56%
EPS 3.6% 7.0% 16.9% 37.6% -17.4% -14.9% -34.8% -65.8% -68.0% -75.3% -61.5% -42.7% -60.3% 0.6% -16.3% -16.6% -19.9% -4.7% -4.2% -68.1% -68.12%
FCF 15.6% -1.5% -1.6% 0.4% -1.8% -1.8% 2.0% 2.3% 2.8% 2.9% 62.5% -9.2% -73.8% -75.3% -1.1% 97.2% -73.5% 1.3% 18.6% -61.7% -61.71%
EBITDA 2.6% 1.3% 80.3% 11.2% -11.6% -5.5% -13.5% -29.8% -28.2% -24.3% -10.9% 5.2% 5.1% -2.4% -8.2% -5.3% -7.0% -24.6% -25.9% 24.9% 24.91%
Op. Income 8.2% 237.2% 4.4% 35.9% -10.2% -14.1% -27.0% -55.2% -56.6% -56.3% -37.0% -11.8% -13.6% 4.8% -10.7% 0.8% 4.0% -63.0% -58.5% 92.3% 92.30%
OCF Growth snapshot only -20.56%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.38%
Equity Growth snapshot only 3.42%
Debt Growth snapshot only 5.60%
Shares Change snapshot only -1.37%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -1.00%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 0.8% 2.2% 5.0% 8.8% 11.6% 13.6% 14.2% 15.0% 15.5% 15.7% 16.2% 10.3% 6.5% 4.0% 1.0% -2.9% -5.7% -7.6% -8.5% -4.1% -4.07%
Revenue 5Y 3.5% 4.7% 5.9% 7.4% 8.5% 9.0% 8.7% 7.0% 5.3% 3.9% 3.5% 3.6% 3.8% 4.5% 5.1% 6.4% 7.4% 7.3% 7.0% 5.6% 5.57%
EPS 3Y 42.0% 32.5% 44.5% 42.9% 1.0% — — — — — 65.0% -35.4% -52.8% -40.4% -40.5% -45.4% -53.3% — — -46.6% -46.61%
EPS 5Y 6.9% 5.5% 7.2% 7.5% 4.4% 5.9% 1.0% -8.5% -5.4% -13.3% -5.4% -10.6% 0.4% — — — — — — -41.0% -40.99%
Net Income 3Y 42.1% 32.5% 44.8% 42.9% 99.2% — — — — — 63.7% -35.4% -52.9% -40.4% -40.0% -45.1% -55.0% — — -46.6% -46.55%
Net Income 5Y 8.0% 5.5% 7.6% 7.9% 4.5% 5.9% 1.3% -8.2% -5.4% -13.3% -5.1% -10.6% 0.2% — — — — — — -41.0% -40.95%
EBITDA 3Y 20.9% 19.9% 22.1% 20.6% 27.1% 33.2% 37.4% 45.6% 31.8% 17.4% 11.6% -6.3% -12.6% -11.3% -10.9% -11.2% -11.1% -17.7% -15.4% 7.6% 7.57%
EBITDA 5Y 7.2% 3.7% 3.6% 3.8% 2.2% 4.5% 3.3% 0.6% 2.3% 4.3% 7.0% 5.3% 9.1% 11.8% 16.2% 25.2% 17.5% 3.5% -1.1% -0.5% -0.55%
Gross Profit 3Y 6.9% 8.4% 9.8% 11.3% 12.5% 13.8% 14.6% 15.0% 14.1% 12.2% 11.0% 3.6% 0.1% -0.2% -0.8% -1.5% -6.7% -29.2% -38.0% -24.5% -24.53%
Gross Profit 5Y 2.5% 2.6% 3.3% 3.8% 3.7% 4.6% 4.5% 3.7% 3.9% 3.9% 4.6% 4.8% 5.5% 6.6% 7.9% 9.5% 5.9% -10.9% -19.2% -13.6% -13.61%
Op. Income 3Y 32.3% 26.7% 33.0% 32.8% 62.1% 1.2% — — — — 35.1% -18.7% -30.4% -26.7% -25.6% -26.4% -26.9% -44.7% -38.4% 19.6% 19.56%
Op. Income 5Y 5.3% 5.1% 5.2% 5.7% 3.0% 5.3% 2.8% -4.2% -2.0% -5.2% 1.6% -1.5% 9.8% 36.0% — — — — -1.8% 0.8% 0.82%
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — 41.1% -2.3% — — — — — — — 56.1% -11.8% -11.81%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — 4.8% 11.2% — — — — 10.1% 16.9% — —
OCF 3Y 38.5% 17.1% -19.3% -27.0% -43.5% -26.6% 18.2% 4.5% 29.0% 25.6% 15.5% 45.8% 35.4% 23.4% 11.5% 36.7% 62.1% 34.9% 11.4% -9.6% -9.60%
OCF 5Y -20.4% -13.1% -6.3% -0.7% -22.0% -3.8% 15.9% 30.3% 69.0% 38.5% 3.3% -5.5% -3.5% -6.0% -1.7% 1.2% -1.2% 9.1% 18.8% 26.5% 26.54%
Assets 3Y 4.4% 6.2% 6.9% 10.7% 7.9% 4.7% 5.0% 6.0% 6.6% 6.6% 6.1% 4.9% 3.7% 5.1% 1.4% -2.0% -0.7% -0.4% 0.1% 3.5% 3.50%
Assets 5Y 5.3% 6.2% 8.5% 10.1% 8.5% 7.7% 6.4% 5.0% 4.5% 4.3% 4.1% 5.4% 3.4% 3.9% 4.5% 4.4% 5.1% 5.0% 3.0% 3.9% 3.86%
Equity 3Y 4.0% 4.2% 5.5% 8.3% 10.4% 9.3% 9.6% 9.9% 12.1% 10.3% 8.7% 6.3% 5.5% 5.6% 3.6% -0.3% -1.5% -3.9% -2.8% 1.4% 1.38%
Book Value 3Y 3.9% 4.2% 5.3% 8.3% 11.0% 9.3% 8.9% 9.9% 12.1% 13.3% 9.5% 6.3% 5.6% 5.6% 2.6% -0.9% 2.3% -3.9% -4.3% 1.3% 1.27%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% -1.0% -0.6% 3.8% 0.0% -1.5% — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.31 0.38 0.43 0.47 0.57 0.50 0.40 0.37 0.44 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.36 0.28 0.21 0.19 0.31 0.308
Earnings Stability 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.11 0.09 0.16 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.24 0.37 0.75 0.754
Margin Stability 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.96 0.70 0.61 0.69 0.687
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.86 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.83 0.50 1.00 0.94 0.94 0.88 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness — — 0.00 0.68 0.80 0.84 0.59 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.46 0.14 0.99 0.84 0.84 0.66 — — 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.06 0.05 0.01 -0.07 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.13 -0.12 -0.02 -0.016
Gross Margin Trend 0.06 0.04 0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.05 -0.03 -0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.13 -0.17 -0.14 -0.135
FCF Margin Trend -0.01 -0.02 -0.00 0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.00 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.02 0.01 -0.03 0.00 0.05 -0.01 -0.010
Sustainable Growth Rate 16.1% 15.0% 14.5% 12.9% 11.0% 10.9% 8.4% 3.2% 2.4% 1.6% 2.2% 1.4% 0.4% 1.6% 1.8% 1.1% 0.1% — — 0.6% 0.61%
Internal Growth Rate 7.0% 6.6% 6.1% 5.5% 4.9% 4.9% 3.7% 1.3% 1.1% 0.7% 1.0% 0.6% 0.2% 0.7% 0.7% 0.5% 0.0% — — 0.3% 0.26%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.54 0.75 0.72 0.72 0.35 0.89 2.71 5.75 10.67 11.28 6.32 7.08 12.88 6.61 4.60 11.00 16.61 -2.40 -3.43 27.80 27.803
FCF/OCF -0.57 -0.31 -0.48 -0.46 -2.97 -0.84 0.20 0.22 0.56 0.52 0.36 0.28 0.31 0.22 -0.08 0.42 0.09 0.38 0.55 0.20 0.201
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 5.579
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.627
CapEx/Revenue 4.1% 4.1% 4.1% 3.5% 4.0% 4.4% 4.7% 5.1% 4.7% 4.3% 3.9% 3.7% 3.7% 4.1% 4.1% 4.0% 4.6% 4.6% 4.8% 4.4% 4.37%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.070
Accruals Ratio 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 -0.06 -0.08 -0.14 -0.12 -0.07 -0.06 -0.07 -0.06 -0.04 -0.08 -0.06 -0.13 -0.17 -0.07 -0.068
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.000
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.251
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% 2.1% 2.7% 3.0% 2.4% 2.0% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 0.0% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.11 $0.10 $0.10 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 22.3% 26.7% 35.3% 28.7% 38.9% 67.4% 35.0% 33.7% 45.8% 94.6% — — 0.0% 0.00%
FCF Payout Ratio — — — — — — 0.0% 17.9% 4.5% 6.0% 12.6% 19.7% 17.1% 24.4% — 10.0% 64.5% 10.5% 5.4% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 22.3% 26.7% 35.3% 28.7% 38.9% 67.4% 35.0% 33.7% 45.8% 94.6% — — 0.0% 0.00%
Div. Increase Streak — — — — — — — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — —
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 — —
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% 2.1% 2.7% 3.0% 2.4% 2.0% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 0.0% 0.00%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.76 0.68 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.73 0.56 0.53 0.52 0.38 0.51 0.51 0.40 0.23 1.59 1.64 0.11 0.106
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.86 0.91 0.91 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.86 0.73 0.62 0.59 0.65 0.57 0.53 0.64 0.66 0.65 0.61 -2.06 -1.64 0.40 0.401
EBIT Margin 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.046
Asset Turnover 1.37 1.47 1.47 1.52 1.66 1.72 1.64 1.50 1.44 1.45 1.40 1.38 1.42 1.40 1.36 1.34 1.34 1.26 1.22 1.29 1.294
Equity Multiplier 2.45 2.42 2.54 2.49 2.34 2.34 2.38 2.39 2.26 2.23 2.30 2.34 2.22 2.28 2.37 2.38 2.31 2.45 2.41 2.40 2.397
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.42 $1.35 $1.39 $1.32 $1.17 $1.15 $0.90 $0.45 $0.37 $0.28 $0.35 $0.26 $0.15 $0.29 $0.29 $0.21 $0.12 $-1.04 $-0.94 $0.07 $0.07
Book Value/Share $9.60 $9.74 $10.40 $11.15 $11.66 $11.38 $11.25 $10.97 $11.32 $11.10 $11.04 $11.04 $11.31 $11.47 $11.23 $10.87 $12.47 $10.09 $9.87 $11.39 $12.63
Tangible Book/Share $8.75 $8.87 $9.46 $10.23 $10.72 $10.46 $10.32 $10.05 $10.39 $10.22 $10.16 $10.17 $10.52 $10.66 $10.43 $10.06 $11.61 $9.31 $9.11 $10.67 $10.67
Revenue/Share $29.51 $31.93 $35.58 $38.57 $41.47 $42.34 $42.00 $39.49 $37.30 $36.33 $36.01 $35.69 $35.71 $35.96 $35.58 $34.76 $38.92 $33.37 $30.68 $34.75 $34.75
FCF/Share $-0.44 $-0.31 $-0.47 $-0.43 $-1.23 $-0.86 $0.49 $0.56 $2.23 $1.65 $0.79 $0.51 $0.59 $0.41 $-0.10 $0.98 $0.17 $0.95 $1.77 $0.38 $0.38
OCF/Share $0.77 $1.01 $1.00 $0.94 $0.41 $1.02 $2.45 $2.58 $3.99 $3.20 $2.20 $1.82 $1.91 $1.89 $1.34 $2.36 $1.97 $2.50 $3.23 $1.90 $1.90
Cash/Share $2.03 $1.31 $2.22 $2.08 $1.99 $1.50 $2.12 $1.93 $1.80 $1.87 $2.22 $2.00 $2.10 $1.72 $1.84 $1.92 $2.38 $1.91 $1.93 $1.86 $1.86
EBITDA/Share $3.73 $3.53 $3.56 $3.48 $3.32 $3.34 $3.05 $2.44 $2.37 $2.53 $2.71 $2.57 $2.49 $2.47 $2.45 $2.40 $2.61 $1.86 $1.76 $3.03 $3.03
Debt/Share $4.20 $5.27 $4.27 $4.58 $5.49 $6.56 $4.39 $4.66 $4.22 $5.44 $4.63 $6.18 $4.30 $5.23 $4.80 $4.15 $4.86 $4.92 $3.49 $4.45 $4.45
Net Debt/Share $2.16 $3.96 $2.05 $2.50 $3.50 $5.06 $2.27 $2.74 $2.42 $3.58 $2.40 $4.17 $2.20 $3.51 $2.96 $2.24 $2.48 $3.01 $1.56 $2.59 $2.59
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.250
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 2.836
Piotroski F-Score 6 7 7 7 4 4 4 6 5 7 6 5 5 6 4 6 5 3 3 7 7
Beneish M-Score -1.95 -1.91 -1.65 -1.84 -1.97 -2.37 -2.88 -3.15 -3.45 -3.34 -2.71 -2.62 -2.74 -2.09 -2.22 -2.41 -1.53 -4.00 -3.02 -2.56 -2.558
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -6.666
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 9.99%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-1.32
EVA snapshot only $-35857189.29
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 60.47 61.83 58.51 59.61 63.62 60.10 65.90 58.03 59.26 53.82 53.03 47.20 53.27 50.59 50.49 53.58 50.18 45.01 58.26 66.58 66.575
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only 12.996
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 55
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 62

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