— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 0548.HK (HKSE) · $vol 1M · SHZNY (OTC) · $vol 0M · SHZNF (OTC) · $vol 0M

600548.SS SHH

Shenzhen Expressway Corporation Limited
1W: +0.2% 1M: -1.7% 3M: -1.2% YTD: -11.4% 1Y: -21.8% 3Y: -1.6% 5Y: +10.6%
¥8.12 ($1.21)
+0.06 (+0.74%)
 
SHH · Industrials · Industrial - Infrastructure Operations · Tech Score Sell · Power 35 · ¥20.6B mcap · 349M float · 1.00% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Sep 30, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
2
ROA
2
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. 600548.SS receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: ROE (2/5), ROA (2/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-31 B+ B
2026-08-27 B B+
2026-07-01 B+ B
2026-05-06 None ADDED
2026-05-05 EXISTED None
2026-04-01 B- B+
2026-03-27 B B-
2026-03-26 B- B
2026-03-24 B B-
2026-03-10 B- B

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 42 Grade B
Profitability
48
Balance Sheet
41
Earnings Quality
63
Growth
23
Value
68
Momentum
57
Safety
15
Cash Flow
81
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. 600548.SS scores highest in Cash Flow (81/100) and lowest in Safety (15/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
0.73
Distress Zone
Piotroski F-Score
3/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-1.98
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.30
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
B
Score: 26.6/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 4.97x
Accruals: -6.2%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. 600548.SS scores 0.73, placing it in the Distress Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Historically, companies in this range face elevated bankruptcy risk. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. 600548.SS scores 3/9, suggesting weak financial fundamentals — the company fails the majority of these accounting tests. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. 600548.SS's score of -1.98 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. 600548.SS's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. 600548.SS receives an estimated rating of B (score: 26.6/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). 600548.SS's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
18.88x
PEG
-0.77x
P/S
2.29x
P/B
0.76x
P/FCF
5.89x
P/OCF
3.64x
EV/EBITDA
16.59x
EV/Revenue
4.74x
EV/EBIT
22.28x
EV/FCF
12.53x
Earnings Yield
5.53%
FCF Yield
16.98%
Shareholder Yield
5.53%
Graham Number
$10.23
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 18.9x earnings, 600548.SS trades at a reasonable valuation. An earnings yield of 5.5% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $10.23 per share, suggesting a potential 26% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.710
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.815
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.213
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.126
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.644
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
4.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. 600548.SS's ROE of 4.1% is driven by a balanced combination of operating margin, asset efficiency, and leverage.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$3.71
Price/Value
2.13x
Margin of Safety
-112.82%
Premium
112.82%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with 600548.SS's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. 600548.SS trades at a 113% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $3.71, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 18.9x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$8.12
Median 1Y
$7.96
5th Pctile
$5.31
95th Pctile
$11.95
Ann. Volatility
24.8%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 15.9% 11.0% 10.5% 9.9% 11.8% 8.8% 8.9% 9.7% 7.1% 10.6% 11.6% 11.3% 9.9% 5.2% 5.0% 6.0% 5.4% 5.1% 4.7% 4.1% 4.11%
ROA 6.1% 4.5% 3.8% 3.5% 4.2% 3.1% 2.9% 3.0% 2.2% 3.4% 3.5% 3.2% 3.2% 1.7% 1.6% 1.9% 1.8% 1.7% 1.6% 1.6% 1.55%
ROIC 9.0% 6.8% 5.7% 5.2% 5.9% 4.1% 4.2% 4.3% 3.1% 5.2% 5.0% 4.7% 5.1% 2.7% 2.6% 3.0% 2.5% 2.3% 2.2% 2.1% 2.12%
ROCE 8.3% 6.2% 5.0% 5.2% 5.5% 5.0% 5.2% 5.2% 5.1% 5.4% 5.4% 4.7% 4.1% 4.0% 3.4% 3.7% 3.8% 3.3% 3.8% 3.5% 3.54%
Gross Margin 38.1% 24.0% 37.1% 40.1% 37.9% 13.4% 39.6% 38.2% 43.7% 21.5% 35.5% 40.2% 41.5% 13.9% 37.9% 35.8% 35.9% 17.7% 39.4% 32.6% 32.55%
Operating Margin 34.7% 18.8% 29.7% 23.3% 57.1% -1.4% 31.1% 28.9% 37.1% 32.3% 31.1% 26.8% 37.9% -2.9% 35.1% 29.4% 28.3% -7.3% 33.3% 26.1% 26.07%
Net Margin 29.6% 16.2% 23.3% 18.8% 45.8% -0.1% 23.2% 21.9% 27.1% 27.0% 23.1% 17.6% 28.5% -6.8% 27.0% 22.4% 24.0% -10.0% 28.9% 21.6% 21.63%
EBITDA Margin 51.2% 26.7% 62.1% 39.7% 54.5% 25.2% 62.9% 58.6% 63.3% 31.6% 58.5% 64.3% 60.2% 24.4% 63.5% 57.2% 30.1% 18.1% 48.6% 26.1% 26.07%
FCF Margin 4.1% 1.2% 17.1% 4.7% 9.2% 0.1% -2.4% 6.6% 3.8% 15.4% 17.6% 19.7% 18.6% 19.2% 13.9% 7.9% 14.9% 19.7% 29.1% 37.8% 37.83%
OCF Margin 35.8% 36.2% 36.2% 30.2% 32.1% 22.4% 20.3% 25.4% 25.4% 37.9% 40.8% 45.6% 49.9% 46.0% 49.7% 46.0% 50.9% 55.1% 56.1% 61.2% 61.22%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 7.11%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 8.28%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.23%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.32%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 1.81%
Cash ROA snapshot only 7.81%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 11.10%
CROIC snapshot only 6.86%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 11.71%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 17.34%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.40%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 4.92%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 6.72 7.75 7.85 8.59 6.38 8.58 8.19 8.66 13.15 7.82 8.30 9.90 10.51 25.08 22.36 18.10 20.34 19.43 20.08 18.09 18.884
P/S Ratio 2.00 1.86 1.82 1.80 1.58 1.85 1.76 1.93 2.22 1.96 2.07 2.41 2.59 3.11 2.87 2.56 2.68 2.41 2.56 2.23 2.290
P/B Ratio 0.93 0.82 0.82 0.86 0.78 0.81 0.76 0.87 0.94 0.81 1.04 1.22 1.02 1.31 0.95 0.89 1.08 0.97 1.01 0.74 0.763
P/FCF 48.81 150.09 10.63 38.16 17.21 2242.00 -73.01 29.09 58.60 12.72 11.78 12.20 13.87 16.15 20.60 32.49 17.93 12.26 8.81 5.89 5.889
P/OCF 5.61 5.14 5.03 5.95 4.94 8.24 8.67 7.62 8.75 5.16 5.08 5.28 5.18 6.76 5.78 5.57 5.26 4.38 4.57 3.64 3.639
EV/EBITDA 7.02 7.35 8.49 9.58 9.15 10.66 9.95 9.82 10.33 8.92 10.63 11.70 10.34 11.94 10.84 9.98 13.90 14.14 15.65 16.59 16.593
EV/Revenue 3.53 3.36 3.87 3.91 3.82 4.66 4.39 4.78 5.23 4.65 5.45 6.08 5.28 5.67 5.22 4.72 5.63 5.46 5.59 4.74 4.742
EV/EBIT 10.54 12.25 15.02 15.53 15.19 19.02 17.39 19.19 20.00 16.66 20.04 22.80 21.03 24.73 22.71 20.40 25.01 28.32 24.89 22.28 22.282
EV/FCF 85.83 270.97 22.57 83.07 41.51 5667.07 -182.02 72.00 138.04 30.25 30.97 30.83 28.31 29.45 37.48 59.85 37.70 27.76 19.23 12.53 12.534
Earnings Yield 14.9% 12.9% 12.7% 11.6% 15.7% 11.7% 12.2% 11.5% 7.6% 12.8% 12.0% 10.1% 9.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.5% 4.9% 5.1% 5.0% 5.5% 5.53%
FCF Yield 2.0% 0.7% 9.4% 2.6% 5.8% 0.0% -1.4% 3.4% 1.7% 7.9% 8.5% 8.2% 7.2% 6.2% 4.9% 3.1% 5.6% 8.2% 11.4% 17.0% 16.98%
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 7.936
EV/OCF snapshot only 7.745
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 16.133
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 29.491
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 5.53%
Graham Number snapshot only $10.23
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.72 0.72 0.65 0.53 0.50 0.40 0.41 0.38 0.39 0.35 0.42 0.49 0.60 0.54 1.09 0.99 0.84 0.75 0.81 0.82 0.819
Quick Ratio 0.64 0.72 0.57 0.46 0.42 0.34 0.35 0.32 0.33 0.28 0.35 0.40 0.50 0.46 0.99 0.90 0.77 0.69 0.75 0.76 0.764
Debt/Equity 0.89 0.84 1.19 1.30 1.34 1.46 1.37 1.50 1.46 1.25 1.89 2.02 1.21 1.22 1.09 1.03 1.50 1.58 1.54 1.16 1.164
Net Debt/Equity 0.71 0.66 0.92 1.01 1.10 1.24 1.14 1.29 1.28 1.12 1.70 1.86 1.06 1.08 0.78 0.75 1.19 1.23 1.19 0.84 0.837
Debt/Assets 0.37 0.34 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.44 0.46 0.46 0.41 0.53 0.54 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.49 0.51 0.51 0.45 0.446
Debt/EBITDA 3.81 4.16 5.81 6.63 6.53 7.60 7.15 6.81 6.78 5.75 7.34 7.70 5.99 6.08 6.80 6.26 9.21 10.18 10.91 12.23 12.228
Net Debt/EBITDA 3.03 3.28 4.49 5.18 5.36 6.44 5.96 5.86 5.95 5.17 6.59 7.07 5.27 5.39 4.88 4.56 7.29 7.90 8.48 8.80 8.796
Interest Coverage 3.77 2.84 2.57 2.57 2.44 1.94 2.00 1.93 1.90 2.11 2.03 1.96 1.89 27.60 136.11 40.38 13.97 2.08 2.59 2.41 2.415
Equity Multiplier 2.42 2.46 3.00 3.21 3.17 3.24 3.14 3.27 3.14 3.02 3.59 3.74 3.00 3.08 2.70 2.68 3.04 3.10 3.02 2.61 2.612
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.534
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 3.243
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.281
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.108
Defensive Interval snapshot only 3809.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.126
Inventory Turnover 5.40 15.14 6.08 5.84 5.56 9.82 4.69 4.68 4.32 4.56 4.57 4.45 4.37 5.30 5.16 5.56 5.64 6.43 6.34 6.38 6.379
Receivables Turnover 27.18 8.66 19.58 8.86 11.52 7.72 25.70 7.47 8.78 6.09 14.07 7.11 7.78 7.18 8.85 8.41 6.50 7.36 7.17 7.05 7.051
Payables Turnover 3.79 2.99 3.31 3.03 3.11 3.86 2.46 4.80 2.42 3.54 2.49 4.54 2.49 1.99 2.21 2.56 3.03 1.93 2.34 2.65 2.653
DSO 13 42 19 41 32 47 14 49 42 60 26 51 47 51 41 43 56 50 51 52 51.8 days
DIO 68 24 60 63 66 37 78 78 84 80 80 82 83 69 71 66 65 57 58 57 57.2 days
DPO 96 122 110 120 117 95 148 76 151 103 146 80 146 184 165 143 120 189 156 138 137.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -15 -56 -32 -17 -20 -10 -56 51 -25 37 -41 53 -16 -64 -53 -34 0 -83 -47 -29 -28.6 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 1.309
Operating Cycle snapshot only 109.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 1.020
Capital Intensity snapshot only 7.844
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 94.9% 35.7% 12.5% 2.4% -2.2% -13.9% -11.2% -12.6% -16.5% -0.8% -0.8% -5.1% -3.4% -0.5% -4.8% 5.4% 7.4% 0.2% 3.0% -4.3% -4.34%
Net Income 2.1% 27.2% -9.2% -29.8% -18.5% -22.8% -17.6% -6.9% -43.2% 15.4% 15.1% 3.6% 40.7% -50.8% -51.1% -38.7% -42.6% 0.4% 2.5% -16.7% -16.74%
EPS 1.8% 12.8% -12.1% -32.0% -21.0% -13.1% -7.1% 4.8% -36.0% 15.4% 15.1% 3.6% 40.7% -50.8% -54.7% -43.2% -50.7% -13.7% -4.9% -22.7% -22.75%
FCF 1.2% 1.1% 1.8% 1.7% 1.2% -94.3% -1.1% 23.1% -65.6% 184.3% 8.2% 1.8% 3.7% 24.4% -24.7% -57.9% -14.0% 2.4% 1.2% 3.6% 3.59%
EBITDA 92.2% 30.5% 2.9% -20.0% -18.7% -17.6% -13.8% 4.1% 1.2% 18.2% 15.3% 1.5% -2.6% -9.4% -10.7% -4.3% -14.9% -18.5% -23.5% -42.1% -42.15%
Op. Income 3.2% 22.1% -18.3% -38.6% -24.8% -24.9% -16.2% -1.9% -38.9% 21.2% 19.7% 8.3% 39.8% -40.4% -41.7% -32.1% -38.1% -9.7% -11.0% -25.9% -25.91%
OCF Growth snapshot only 27.44%
Asset Growth snapshot only -2.02%
Equity Growth snapshot only 0.38%
Debt Growth snapshot only 12.97%
Shares Change snapshot only 7.78%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -51.29%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 25.1% 23.3% 22.7% 22.6% 22.9% 13.6% 19.7% 20.2% 16.7% 5.0% -0.3% -5.3% -7.6% -5.3% -5.7% -4.4% -4.7% -0.4% -0.9% -1.5% -1.46%
Revenue 5Y 21.8% 19.2% 18.1% 17.7% 16.8% 12.5% 11.8% 10.9% 9.8% 9.9% 10.2% 8.9% 8.4% 7.7% 10.2% 11.7% 10.5% 2.9% -0.6% -3.1% -3.06%
EPS 3Y 20.5% -12.3% -14.3% -20.9% -16.2% -7.7% 1.3% 26.3% 12.8% 4.2% -2.0% -9.6% -10.8% -21.0% -21.5% -14.9% -23.7% -21.2% -20.8% -23.1% -23.13%
EPS 5Y 13.1% 14.7% 12.1% 9.7% 11.5% 7.8% 7.1% 4.9% -2.4% -7.5% -7.6% -11.7% -11.9% -14.9% -11.5% 3.5% -0.1% -13.6% -16.5% -20.2% -20.18%
Net Income 3Y 24.1% -8.8% -10.9% -17.8% -12.7% -7.7% 1.4% 26.4% 12.9% 4.2% -4.8% -12.2% -13.3% -24.0% -22.6% -16.1% -22.9% -17.1% -16.7% -19.1% -19.15%
Net Income 5Y 15.1% 17.4% 14.8% 12.3% 14.3% 7.8% 7.1% 4.9% -2.4% -7.5% -7.7% -11.7% -11.9% -14.9% -10.1% 5.1% 3.0% -11.0% -15.4% -19.2% -19.16%
EBITDA 3Y 10.8% 5.0% 4.6% 2.3% 3.5% 1.5% 9.6% 16.6% 16.5% 8.3% 0.7% -5.5% -7.1% -4.1% -3.9% 0.4% -5.7% -4.5% -7.6% -17.5% -17.48%
EBITDA 5Y 15.7% 12.0% 10.0% 6.7% 5.7% 2.5% 1.8% 2.8% 2.3% 2.5% 2.6% 2.5% 1.8% 2.3% 6.3% 9.0% 5.6% -1.3% -6.9% -14.1% -14.10%
Gross Profit 3Y 17.4% 8.6% 6.5% 7.4% 7.7% 1.4% 12.7% 18.6% 17.0% 4.6% -5.4% -11.7% -13.2% -9.9% -8.5% -7.7% -9.2% -1.7% -2.5% -3.4% -3.41%
Gross Profit 5Y 17.9% 13.5% 11.1% 10.2% 8.5% 3.2% 2.8% 1.5% 1.4% 1.7% 1.8% 1.2% 0.4% -0.3% 5.1% 9.6% 7.8% -0.3% -5.8% -9.6% -9.65%
Op. Income 3Y 23.6% -9.9% -13.0% -17.1% -11.4% -0.7% 14.7% 38.4% 24.4% 3.6% -6.4% -13.2% -13.7% -18.5% -16.4% -10.3% -19.1% -13.3% -14.7% -18.3% -18.31%
Op. Income 5Y 19.2% 15.4% 12.0% 9.5% 12.2% 5.8% 5.4% 3.7% -2.8% -7.8% -8.0% -9.6% -9.9% -6.7% 1.0% 14.3% 10.8% -9.8% -15.7% -20.0% -19.95%
FCF 3Y -36.5% -60.0% 5.8% -20.0% 12.4% -62.1% — — — — — — 53.0% 1.4% -12.0% 13.5% 12.0% 5.2% — 76.0% 76.00%
FCF 5Y -26.8% -40.1% -0.7% -22.6% -12.2% -66.1% — -20.9% -28.0% -7.5% 1.4% 12.2% 18.3% 65.9% — — — — — — —
OCF 3Y 10.6% 6.9% 11.1% 10.5% 17.1% 6.2% 36.8% 43.4% 100.0% 45.4% 19.4% 10.3% 3.3% 2.5% 4.8% 9.9% 11.2% 34.4% 39.1% 32.2% 32.20%
OCF 5Y 11.6% 13.1% 11.1% 6.4% 5.6% -4.6% -8.6% -5.1% -4.7% 1.8% 6.4% 11.0% 15.0% 19.4% 42.7% 39.8% 75.4% 34.8% 18.1% 12.7% 12.66%
Assets 3Y 9.3% 13.8% 21.0% 20.4% 17.1% 15.5% 12.8% 11.3% 9.4% 7.0% 5.0% 4.9% 4.8% 3.7% 0.7% -0.1% 0.5% 1.1% 1.0% 1.2% 1.17%
Assets 5Y 12.8% 13.4% 17.0% 14.7% 14.0% 13.1% 9.1% 9.0% 8.7% 10.4% 10.8% 9.9% 8.9% 8.5% 8.8% 7.8% 6.7% 5.3% 4.0% 4.2% 4.25%
Equity 3Y 18.0% 12.3% 10.2% 8.9% 7.1% 5.1% 6.4% 6.2% 6.0% -1.0% -7.3% -8.7% -2.4% -3.8% 4.3% 6.2% 1.9% 2.6% 2.2% 9.1% 9.07%
Book Value 3Y 14.7% 8.0% 5.9% 4.7% 2.9% 5.2% 6.3% 6.2% 6.0% -1.0% -4.6% -6.0% 0.5% 0.0% 5.7% 7.7% 0.8% -2.5% -2.8% 3.7% 3.70%
Dividend 3Y -2.2% -1.8% -3.1% -20.4% 5.6% 24.3% 24.6% 46.2% 14.1% -12.4% -11.7% -24.6% -13.6% 3.4% 0.2% 7.4% -24.4% -27.3% -26.8% -23.3% -23.31%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.63 0.87 0.79 0.74 0.72 0.80 0.71 0.60 0.52 0.59 0.53 0.30 0.19 0.29 0.35 0.38 0.33 0.59 0.50 0.70 0.701
Earnings Stability 0.19 0.28 0.28 0.09 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.46 0.30 0.14 0.17 0.47 0.30 0.02 0.05 0.57 0.82 0.89 0.887
Margin Stability 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.80 0.81 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.84 0.91 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.845
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.89 0.96 0.88 0.93 0.91 0.93 0.97 0.83 0.94 0.94 0.99 0.84 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.83 1.00 0.99 0.93 0.933
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 0.76 0.90 0.65 0.80 0.74 0.81 0.93 0.45 0.86 0.86 0.96 0.66 0.32 0.31 0.52 0.46 1.00 0.98 0.82 0.817
ROE Trend -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.02 -0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.06 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.05 -0.07 -0.06 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 -0.045
Gross Margin Trend -0.00 -0.05 -0.06 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 -0.04 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.023
FCF Margin Trend 0.15 0.08 0.36 0.17 0.24 0.08 0.00 0.08 -0.03 0.15 0.10 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.06 -0.05 0.04 0.02 0.13 0.24 0.240
Sustainable Growth Rate 7.2% 3.0% 2.2% 3.5% 1.2% -7.1% -7.6% -11.2% -9.5% -0.6% -0.2% 2.1% 0.1% -5.7% -5.1% -3.5% 1.3% 0.3% 0.5% 0.0% 0.00%
Internal Growth Rate 2.8% 1.2% 0.8% 1.3% 0.4% — — — — — — 0.6% 0.0% — — — 0.4% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.00%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.20 1.51 1.56 1.44 1.29 1.04 0.94 1.14 1.50 1.51 1.63 1.88 2.03 3.71 3.87 3.25 3.87 4.44 4.40 4.97 4.971
FCF/OCF 0.11 0.03 0.47 0.16 0.29 0.00 -0.12 0.26 0.15 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.37 0.42 0.28 0.17 0.29 0.36 0.52 0.62 0.618
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 3.072
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 2.142
CapEx/Revenue 31.6% 35.0% 19.1% 25.5% 22.8% 22.3% 22.7% 18.7% 21.6% 22.5% 23.2% 25.9% 26.6% 22.3% 31.2% 33.7% 36.0% 35.4% 27.0% 23.4% 23.39%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 3.206
Accruals Ratio -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.062
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.049
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.715
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 8.2% 9.4% 10.0% 7.5% 14.0% 21.2% 22.6% 24.9% 17.8% 13.5% 12.2% 8.3% 9.4% 8.4% 9.0% 8.8% 3.8% 4.8% 4.5% 5.5% 3.00%
Dividend/Share $0.77 $0.78 $0.79 $0.59 $0.99 $1.68 $1.74 $2.08 $1.65 $1.13 $1.10 $0.81 $0.98 $1.11 $0.98 $0.90 $0.37 $0.43 $0.42 $0.44 $0.24
Payout Ratio 54.9% 73.1% 78.7% 64.3% 89.6% 1.8% 1.9% 2.2% 2.3% 1.1% 1.0% 81.8% 98.6% 2.1% 2.0% 1.6% 76.6% 94.1% 89.4% 99.9% 99.95%
FCF Payout Ratio 4.0% 14.2% 1.1% 2.9% 2.4% 474.3% — 7.3% 10.5% 1.7% 1.4% 1.0% 1.3% 1.4% 1.8% 2.8% 67.6% 59.4% 39.2% 32.5% 32.54%
Total Payout Ratio 54.9% 73.1% 78.7% 64.3% 89.7% 1.8% 1.9% 2.2% 2.3% 1.1% 1.0% 81.8% 98.6% 2.1% 2.0% 1.6% 76.6% 94.1% 89.4% 99.9% 99.95%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number 0.10 0.16 0.12 -0.36 0.47 1.13 1.17 2.38 0.67 -0.19 -0.25 -0.53 -0.32 0.07 0.06 0.28 -0.52 -0.50 -0.50 -0.42 -0.420
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 8.2% 9.4% 10.0% 7.5% 14.0% 21.2% 22.6% 24.9% 17.8% 13.5% 12.2% 8.3% 9.4% 8.4% 9.0% 8.8% 3.8% 4.8% 4.5% 5.5% 5.53%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.75 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.80 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.77 0.77 0.65 0.66 0.70 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.710
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.19 1.13 1.12 1.01 1.23 1.08 1.06 1.12 0.81 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.28 0.83 0.84 0.88 0.85 0.92 0.82 0.81 0.815
EBIT Margin 0.33 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.213
Asset Turnover 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.126
Equity Multiplier 2.61 2.43 2.74 2.83 2.78 2.82 3.06 3.24 3.16 3.13 3.35 3.49 3.07 3.05 3.07 3.10 3.02 3.09 2.85 2.64 2.644
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.40 $1.06 $1.01 $0.92 $1.10 $0.92 $0.94 $0.96 $0.70 $1.07 $1.08 $1.00 $0.99 $0.53 $0.49 $0.57 $0.49 $0.45 $0.47 $0.44 $0.44
Book Value/Share $10.05 $10.03 $9.72 $9.16 $8.99 $9.79 $10.08 $9.55 $9.82 $10.25 $8.60 $8.11 $10.19 $10.04 $11.49 $11.43 $9.21 $9.08 $9.25 $10.65 $12.65
Tangible Book/Share $-1.06 $-1.03 $-1.30 $-1.87 $-1.99 $-2.62 $-2.28 $-2.60 $-2.22 $-2.14 $-2.77 $-3.07 $-0.86 $-1.44 $0.98 $0.96 $-0.43 $-0.75 $-0.48 $1.00 $1.00
Revenue/Share $4.68 $4.43 $4.36 $4.38 $4.44 $4.30 $4.36 $4.31 $4.17 $4.26 $4.32 $4.09 $4.03 $4.24 $3.81 $4.00 $3.72 $3.65 $3.65 $3.55 $3.55
FCF/Share $0.19 $0.05 $0.75 $0.21 $0.41 $0.00 $-0.11 $0.29 $0.16 $0.66 $0.76 $0.81 $0.75 $0.82 $0.53 $0.31 $0.55 $0.72 $1.06 $1.34 $1.34
OCF/Share $1.67 $1.60 $1.58 $1.32 $1.42 $0.96 $0.89 $1.09 $1.06 $1.62 $1.77 $1.87 $2.01 $1.95 $1.89 $1.84 $1.89 $2.01 $2.05 $2.17 $2.17
Cash/Share $1.85 $1.79 $2.61 $2.60 $2.16 $2.18 $2.30 $2.01 $1.75 $1.30 $1.68 $1.34 $1.49 $1.39 $3.53 $3.21 $2.89 $3.22 $3.16 $3.48 $3.48
EBITDA/Share $2.35 $2.02 $1.98 $1.79 $1.85 $1.88 $1.92 $2.10 $2.11 $2.22 $2.22 $2.13 $2.06 $2.01 $1.84 $1.89 $1.51 $1.41 $1.30 $1.01 $1.01
Debt/Share $8.96 $8.43 $11.52 $11.87 $12.09 $14.29 $13.77 $14.30 $14.32 $12.78 $16.29 $16.39 $12.33 $12.24 $12.49 $11.82 $13.86 $14.35 $14.21 $12.39 $12.39
Net Debt/Share $7.11 $6.64 $8.91 $9.27 $9.92 $12.11 $11.47 $12.29 $12.57 $11.49 $14.62 $15.05 $10.85 $10.85 $8.96 $8.61 $10.97 $11.13 $11.05 $8.91 $8.91
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.732
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 1.042
Piotroski F-Score 5 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 6 3 3
Beneish M-Score -1.88 -3.32 -2.86 -2.38 -2.57 -2.27 -2.52 -2.35 -2.75 -2.80 -2.36 -2.69 -2.35 -2.09 -2.06 -2.16 -2.77 -2.27 -2.75 -1.98 -1.981
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.298
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 49.33%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-9.83
EVA snapshot only $-3910598422.01
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only B
Credit Score 35.87 29.92 28.03 23.83 23.51 20.28 19.54 20.79 21.22 25.70 24.11 17.85 24.21 40.66 45.85 44.35 38.31 22.13 24.21 26.64 26.635
Credit Grade snapshot only 15
Credit Trend snapshot only -17.719
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 750.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 16
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 13

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