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Not Investment Advice

6456.TW TAI

General Interface Solution (GIS) Holding Limited
1W: +18.2% 1M: +32.0% 3M: +38.5% YTD: +112.6% 1Y: +98.1% 3Y: +36.4% 5Y: -9.7%
NT$90.60 ($2.85)
-2.30 (-2.48%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±9.8%
NT$75 NT$84 NT$93 NT$102 NT$111
TAI · Technology · Semiconductors · Tech Score Strong Buy · Power 65 · NT$30.7B mcap · 228M float · 3.46% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C
Oct 05, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
2
P/E
1
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. 6456.TW receives an overall rating of C. Strongest factors: P/B (5/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (2/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-14 D+ C
2026-08-10 C D+
2026-06-25 C+ C
2026-06-23 C C+
2026-05-08 C+ C
2026-04-24 C C+
2026-04-01 C+ C
2026-03-24 C C+
2026-03-12 C+ C
2026-03-12 C- C+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 19 Grade D
Profitability
1
Balance Sheet
70
Earnings Quality
57
Growth
17
Value
49
Momentum
24
Safety
50
Cash Flow
12
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. 6456.TW scores highest in Balance Sheet (70/100) and lowest in Profitability (1/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
2.26
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
4/9
✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.55
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.57
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
B+
Score: 31.5/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -0.70x
Accruals: -4.3%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. 6456.TW scores 2.26, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. 6456.TW scores 4/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. 6456.TW's score of -2.55 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. 6456.TW's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. 6456.TW receives an estimated rating of B+ (score: 31.5/100), with a deteriorating trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-20.51x
PEG
-0.34x
P/S
0.51x
P/B
1.04x
P/FCF
-14.28x
P/OCF
22.13x
EV/EBITDA
10.29x
EV/Revenue
0.20x
EV/EBIT
-5.58x
EV/FCF
-7.19x
Earnings Yield
-6.41%
FCF Yield
-7.00%
Shareholder Yield
0.00%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. 6456.TW currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
1.756
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.405
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
-0.035
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.010
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.060
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-5.2%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. 6456.TW's ROE of -5.2% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.010), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 1.76 indicates minimal tax leakage — the company retains over 90% of pre-tax earnings.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$92.90
Median 1Y
$84.22
5th Pctile
$40.37
95th Pctile
$176.31
Ann. Volatility
42.6%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 15.3% 14.4% 15.1% 13.1% 12.7% 10.5% 6.0% 3.9% -3.6% -8.8% -4.9% -5.8% -3.2% 0.5% 0.1% 0.5% 0.4% -0.9% -1.3% -5.2% -5.24%
ROA 4.9% 4.7% 5.2% 4.3% 4.2% 3.8% 2.3% 1.5% -1.4% -3.6% -2.3% -2.6% -1.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% -0.4% -0.6% -2.5% -2.55%
ROIC 15.6% 15.6% 17.9% 13.7% 14.5% 12.1% 7.0% 6.3% -2.8% -14.5% -7.6% -10.7% -8.9% -0.7% -0.1% -0.3% -0.0% 4.5% 36.5% -6.8% -6.78%
ROCE 11.7% 10.4% 10.6% 10.0% 10.0% 9.0% 5.4% 4.4% -1.7% -6.1% -1.9% -2.5% -0.5% 2.5% 1.7% 3.2% 3.3% -1.2% -1.9% -5.3% -5.32%
Gross Margin 9.7% 11.0% 7.6% 9.8% 10.5% 9.2% -1.4% 5.3% 3.4% 1.9% 8.6% 6.7% 6.0% 8.1% 7.0% 6.9% 6.5% 5.7% 5.0% 3.3% 3.34%
Operating Margin 4.5% 4.0% 1.4% 3.5% 5.2% 3.0% -8.6% 1.6% -4.5% -7.5% 0.4% -1.6% -1.9% 0.8% -1.5% 1.1% -0.9% -1.6% -2.0% -7.6% -7.65%
Net Margin 4.2% 3.7% 1.2% 2.9% 4.4% 2.2% -8.2% 0.6% -4.6% -4.7% 0.3% -0.4% -0.3% 1.1% -0.5% 0.2% -0.6% -0.8% -1.3% -10.0% -10.03%
EBITDA Margin 7.9% 7.3% 6.3% 8.4% 9.4% 7.7% 0.3% 7.9% 2.8% 2.4% 9.2% 6.7% 5.8% 7.2% 6.5% 6.7% 5.8% -2.0% 3.0% 0.4% 0.39%
FCF Margin 0.3% -3.2% -1.2% 0.6% -0.1% -0.3% -4.9% 0.1% 2.8% 6.0% 9.5% 8.5% 0.7% 2.1% 2.1% 0.9% 1.9% -2.2% 1.3% -2.8% -2.75%
OCF Margin 6.8% 4.2% 5.6% 7.7% 6.4% 6.2% 1.2% 5.5% 8.5% 10.4% 13.4% 11.5% 3.8% 5.2% 6.0% 5.1% 6.1% 2.6% 5.5% 1.8% 1.78%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only -3.46%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 1.23%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only -1.74%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only -4.53%
ROIC Economic snapshot only -3.11%
Cash ROA snapshot only 1.86%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 5.86%
CROIC snapshot only -9.07%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only -2.06%
Pretax Margin snapshot only -1.44%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 3.83%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 4.08%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 6.66 7.10 6.56 6.23 6.20 8.34 13.74 20.46 -17.36 -8.08 -13.44 -13.35 -20.33 109.50 479.70 97.62 197.68 -53.88 -43.94 -15.59 -20.515
P/S Ratio 0.22 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.20 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.31 0.29 0.34 0.29 0.24 0.23 0.19 0.29 0.21 0.26 0.39 0.512
P/B Ratio 0.96 0.97 0.93 0.78 0.75 0.86 0.81 0.82 0.66 0.77 0.70 0.78 0.66 0.58 0.52 0.52 0.73 0.48 0.57 0.79 1.040
P/FCF 72.63 -7.44 -17.88 29.75 -365.46 -74.44 -4.86 263.04 8.39 5.24 3.01 4.01 43.62 11.67 11.01 21.41 15.83 -9.73 19.89 -14.28 -14.280
P/OCF 3.20 5.57 3.93 2.50 3.07 3.70 18.95 4.33 2.77 2.99 2.13 2.94 7.52 4.73 3.76 3.82 4.79 8.13 4.68 22.13 22.125
EV/EBITDA 2.30 2.59 2.24 2.39 2.04 2.52 3.21 2.99 2.01 3.91 2.45 3.25 1.81 0.68 0.69 0.65 1.71 0.68 1.46 10.29 10.295
EV/Revenue 0.16 0.19 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.22 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.11 0.03 0.05 0.20 0.198
EV/EBIT 4.55 5.28 4.59 5.18 4.42 5.96 10.22 11.66 -13.60 -4.28 -12.34 -10.74 -36.65 3.32 4.33 2.83 6.80 -4.46 -4.11 -5.58 -5.580
EV/FCF 55.16 -5.88 -13.20 27.64 -301.98 -65.78 -4.92 240.96 3.97 2.40 1.42 1.94 15.95 2.30 2.18 4.67 6.09 -1.34 3.97 -7.19 -7.188
Earnings Yield 15.0% 14.1% 15.3% 16.0% 16.1% 12.0% 7.3% 4.9% -5.8% -12.4% -7.4% -7.5% -4.9% 0.9% 0.2% 1.0% 0.5% -1.9% -2.3% -6.4% -6.41%
FCF Yield 1.4% -13.4% -5.6% 3.4% -0.3% -1.3% -20.6% 0.4% 11.9% 19.1% 33.3% 24.9% 2.3% 8.6% 9.1% 4.7% 6.3% -10.3% 5.0% -7.0% -7.00%
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.789
EV/OCF snapshot only 11.137
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 3.728
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.00%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.34 1.45 1.38 1.36 1.37 1.63 2.28 1.92 1.74 1.94 2.12 2.14 1.93 1.81 2.15 1.68 1.80 1.74 2.22 2.32 2.317
Quick Ratio 1.34 1.45 1.38 1.36 1.37 1.28 1.67 1.55 1.42 1.70 1.84 1.87 1.68 1.60 1.88 1.50 1.59 1.51 1.95 1.90 1.903
Debt/Equity 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.44 0.44 0.54 0.52 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.42 0.47 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.49 0.37 0.367
Net Debt/Equity -0.23 -0.20 -0.24 -0.06 -0.13 -0.10 0.01 -0.07 -0.35 -0.42 -0.37 -0.40 -0.42 -0.46 -0.42 -0.40 -0.45 -0.41 -0.46 -0.39 -0.392
Debt/Assets 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.25 0.22 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.22 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.23 0.19 0.192
Debt/EBITDA 1.17 1.27 1.28 1.32 1.43 1.46 2.11 2.07 2.52 4.40 3.00 3.46 2.93 2.48 3.07 2.38 2.63 4.59 6.20 9.52 9.524
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.73 -0.69 -0.79 -0.18 -0.43 -0.33 0.04 -0.27 -2.23 -4.62 -2.75 -3.48 -3.14 -2.75 -2.77 -2.31 -2.73 -4.25 -5.85 -10.16 -10.158
Interest Coverage 39.79 36.04 32.24 25.07 18.96 12.37 5.18 2.87 -0.91 -2.99 -1.04 -1.51 -0.30 1.61 1.18 1.80 2.07 -0.81 -1.58 -4.06 -4.056
Equity Multiplier 3.09 2.89 2.93 2.93 2.98 2.71 2.19 2.36 2.32 2.14 2.08 2.07 2.23 2.38 2.15 2.22 2.12 2.19 2.16 1.91 1.915
Cash Ratio snapshot only 1.310
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 2.199
Cash to Debt snapshot only 2.067
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.150
Defensive Interval snapshot only 2500.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.51 1.43 1.56 1.39 1.32 1.37 1.36 1.26 1.01 0.93 1.09 1.03 1.01 1.05 1.11 1.20 1.11 0.98 1.04 1.01 1.010
Inventory Turnover — — 20.67 — — 15.26 15.10 19.48 17.24 6.83 7.13 8.40 8.24 11.01 11.06 12.97 11.55 9.92 10.66 9.32 9.323
Receivables Turnover 3.81 3.42 4.64 3.37 3.53 3.61 4.88 3.65 3.14 3.18 5.20 4.04 3.87 4.01 4.90 4.77 4.45 3.61 4.89 4.48 4.485
Payables Turnover 2.94 2.85 3.48 2.79 2.70 3.04 3.89 3.24 2.51 2.73 4.68 3.80 3.04 3.30 4.19 4.15 3.67 2.99 3.83 3.64 3.637
DSO 96 107 79 108 103 101 75 100 116 115 70 90 94 91 74 77 82 101 75 81 81.4 days
DIO 0 0 18 0 0 24 24 19 21 53 51 43 44 33 33 28 32 37 34 39 39.2 days
DPO 124 128 105 131 135 120 94 113 145 134 78 96 120 111 87 88 99 122 95 100 100.3 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -28 -21 -9 -23 -32 5 5 6 -8 35 43 38 19 13 20 17 14 16 14 20 20.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 4.077
Operating Cycle snapshot only 120.5 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 2.645
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.954
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 9.8% 4.1% 4.3% -2.8% -5.8% -5.2% -17.4% -19.4% -33.2% -43.1% -35.5% -34.5% -19.5% -1.9% -2.8% 7.7% 2.9% -4.6% -3.4% -18.8% -18.82%
Net Income 21.2% 17.5% 16.7% 19.4% -8.5% -21.4% -57.2% -69.7% -1.3% -1.8% -1.8% -2.4% 15.5% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% -2.7% -12.9% -11.3% -11.28%
EPS 21.1% 17.3% 16.4% 19.0% -8.7% -22.4% -56.9% -69.6% -1.3% -1.8% -1.8% -2.4% 15.5% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% -2.7% -13.0% -11.8% -11.82%
FCF -87.3% -1.7% -1.3% 1.3% -1.2% 90.8% -2.3% -88.8% 35.8% 12.0% 2.3% 60.1% -81.0% -65.5% -78.9% -88.5% 1.9% -2.0% -39.6% -3.5% -3.46%
EBITDA 13.1% 13.7% 13.0% 15.4% 4.5% 6.1% -14.2% -21.6% -53.3% -74.1% -52.6% -54.8% -15.3% 91.2% 16.3% 40.3% 16.8% -42.7% -48.4% -76.3% -76.26%
Op. Income 55.7% 62.2% 65.0% 85.6% 18.3% 3.4% -40.9% -56.6% -1.1% -1.7% -1.7% -2.2% -1.8% 87.0% 61.6% 90.9% 99.2% -9.2% 22.6% -6.1% -6.09%
OCF Growth snapshot only -71.62%
Asset Growth snapshot only -6.87%
Equity Growth snapshot only 7.77%
Debt Growth snapshot only -5.13%
Shares Change snapshot only -5.01%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 3.3% 1.0% -0.2% -1.9% -2.5% 1.6% -0.4% -5.8% -11.6% -17.5% -17.8% -19.9% -20.3% -19.1% -19.7% -17.2% -17.9% -19.0% -15.4% -17.0% -16.98%
Revenue 5Y 9.2% 10.8% 11.7% 7.1% 2.2% -0.8% -3.7% -5.2% -7.1% -11.1% -11.9% -13.0% -13.0% -10.2% -9.1% -10.0% -10.5% -12.1% -12.2% -14.8% -14.82%
EPS 3Y 0.2% 3.2% 3.4% -3.1% 1.4% 0.0% -11.5% -30.3% — — — — — -67.1% -80.5% -67.2% -70.0% — — — —
EPS 5Y 10.8% 6.7% 3.2% -6.0% -9.4% -13.3% -21.7% -27.5% — — — — — -46.0% -58.8% -47.7% -50.5% — — — —
Net Income 3Y 0.4% 3.3% 3.4% -3.1% 1.6% 0.6% -11.8% -30.4% — — — — — -67.1% -80.5% -66.8% -70.4% — — — —
Net Income 5Y 12.9% 8.6% 5.3% -4.3% -9.3% -13.1% -21.9% -27.5% — — — — — -45.9% -58.8% -47.3% -50.8% — — — —
EBITDA 3Y 0.2% 0.1% -0.3% -2.1% 0.1% 2.3% -0.6% -5.5% -18.0% -32.1% -22.8% -25.8% -25.5% -19.3% -22.1% -20.8% -22.7% -34.3% -34.2% -46.8% -46.79%
EBITDA 5Y 8.0% 4.8% 3.4% -1.9% -4.3% -4.6% -7.8% -8.2% -13.3% -22.7% -16.6% -19.8% -16.9% -11.9% -11.5% -11.8% -11.4% -19.3% -22.7% -32.9% -32.88%
Gross Profit 3Y 4.5% 4.9% 2.5% -0.3% 2.2% 3.5% -1.4% -10.5% -25.7% -45.0% -33.8% -33.6% -32.3% -26.2% -27.3% -25.4% -26.1% -28.1% -24.2% -25.7% -25.72%
Gross Profit 5Y 9.5% 7.2% 5.8% 0.1% -3.6% -4.9% -8.2% -10.4% -16.2% -30.2% -22.4% -23.2% -20.0% -13.5% -13.0% -13.7% -14.4% -16.8% -18.6% -22.7% -22.70%
Op. Income 3Y -4.1% 0.9% 2.7% 0.1% 8.5% 16.3% 11.0% -8.6% — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Op. Income 5Y 7.2% 1.0% -0.6% -8.2% -12.8% -14.5% -21.5% -23.1% — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF 3Y -32.9% — — — — — — -71.2% -9.3% -9.9% 8.3% — 3.9% — — -7.4% — — — — —
FCF 5Y — — — -30.4% — — — -46.1% 12.2% — 50.6% — -35.7% -18.6% -6.2% -30.0% -16.3% — -30.5% — —
OCF 3Y -2.6% 2.8% 3.6% 13.1% -9.5% -8.1% -38.9% -7.5% -0.8% -10.6% -7.1% 12.1% -34.0% -13.5% -17.4% -28.0% -18.9% -39.3% 38.5% -43.1% -43.06%
OCF 5Y 19.4% -13.3% -8.4% -2.8% -5.5% -7.1% -31.4% -13.2% -6.2% 7.7% 7.4% 2.6% -24.9% -18.4% -7.2% -12.4% -10.1% -30.1% -21.0% -28.3% -28.28%
Assets 3Y 8.9% 0.4% 7.6% 8.7% 7.5% 6.4% 1.4% -2.4% -6.3% -12.5% -8.7% -12.6% -10.9% -8.4% -11.2% -13.3% -15.1% -10.6% -2.9% -7.3% -7.30%
Assets 5Y 19.7% 17.1% 18.5% 10.5% 6.2% 5.8% 4.4% 3.3% -0.8% -7.6% -4.0% -3.4% -3.5% -1.3% -0.9% -4.5% -6.6% -6.7% -4.1% -9.2% -9.17%
Equity 3Y 10.0% 9.0% 6.9% 7.6% 10.2% 9.2% 8.5% 5.3% 3.8% -0.0% 1.9% 0.6% -0.5% -2.4% -1.6% -4.8% -4.9% -4.0% -2.5% -0.7% -0.66%
Book Value 3Y 9.8% 9.0% 6.9% 7.6% 10.0% 8.6% 8.8% 5.4% 4.0% -0.1% 2.1% 0.7% -0.3% -2.4% -1.3% -5.9% -3.8% -2.9% -2.1% -0.3% -0.30%
Dividend 3Y 4.4% 4.5% 4.6% -12.7% 7.6% 7.1% 8.0% -11.1% -11.0% -11.2% -11.0% — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.71 0.73 0.63 0.54 0.27 0.00 0.14 0.51 0.25 0.42 0.63 0.73 0.77 0.56 0.55 0.75 0.77 0.77 0.87 0.91 0.908
Earnings Stability 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.55 0.41 0.40 0.50 0.76 0.43 0.42 0.52 0.72 0.63 0.49 0.57 0.68 0.63 0.54 0.70 0.74 0.741
Margin Stability 0.97 0.88 0.84 0.79 0.81 0.88 0.90 0.89 0.79 0.62 0.76 0.76 0.73 0.61 0.75 0.76 0.73 0.61 0.75 0.77 0.769
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.97 0.91 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.200
Earnings Smoothness 0.81 0.84 0.85 0.82 0.91 0.76 0.20 0.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
ROE Trend -0.00 0.01 0.02 -0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.08 -0.08 -0.17 -0.22 -0.15 -0.14 -0.07 0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.01 -0.02 -0.024
Gross Margin Trend 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.07 -0.04 -0.04 -0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.007
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 -0.07 -0.04 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.13 0.08 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.03 0.00 -0.06 -0.04 -0.07 -0.074
Sustainable Growth Rate 10.6% 10.0% 10.6% 7.5% 7.3% 5.4% 0.7% 0.1% — — — — — 0.5% 0.1% 0.5% 0.4% — — — —
Internal Growth Rate 3.5% 3.4% 3.8% 2.5% 2.5% 1.9% 0.3% 0.0% — — — — — 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% — — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 2.08 1.28 1.67 2.50 2.02 2.25 0.72 4.72 -6.27 -2.70 -6.31 -4.53 -2.70 23.13 127.56 25.53 41.31 -6.63 -9.39 -0.70 -0.705
FCF/OCF 0.04 -0.75 -0.22 0.08 -0.01 -0.05 -3.90 0.02 0.33 0.57 0.71 0.73 0.17 0.41 0.34 0.18 0.30 -0.84 0.24 -1.55 -1.549
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.092
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.924
CapEx/Revenue 6.5% 7.4% 6.8% 7.1% 6.4% 6.5% 6.1% 5.4% 5.7% 4.5% 3.9% 3.1% 3.2% 3.1% 4.0% 4.2% 4.1% 4.6% 4.0% 4.3% 4.33%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.792
Accruals Ratio -0.05 -0.01 -0.03 -0.06 -0.04 -0.05 0.01 -0.05 -0.10 -0.13 -0.17 -0.14 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 -0.06 -0.07 -0.03 -0.06 -0.04 -0.043
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.016
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.410
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 4.6% 4.3% 4.6% 6.8% 6.8% 5.9% 6.4% 4.8% 5.9% 5.3% 5.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $3.97 $4.00 $3.97 $4.98 $4.95 $4.94 $5.00 $3.50 $3.50 $3.50 $3.50 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio 30.8% 30.8% 30.1% 42.5% 42.0% 49.1% 87.8% 98.2% — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — —
FCF Payout Ratio 3.4% — — 2.0% — — — 12.6% 49.8% 27.8% 17.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — 0.0% — —
Total Payout Ratio 30.8% 30.8% 30.1% 42.5% 42.0% 49.1% 87.8% 98.2% — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 2.6% — — — —
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 — — — — — — — — — —
Chowder Number 0.19 0.19 0.19 -0.27 0.32 0.31 0.31 -0.25 -0.24 -0.25 -0.24 — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 1.3% 1.9% 1.6% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 0.9% 1.2% 1.0% -0.4% -0.42%
Total Shareholder Return 4.6% 4.3% 4.6% 6.8% 6.8% 5.9% 6.4% 4.8% 5.9% 5.3% 5.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 0.9% 1.2% 1.0% -0.4% -0.42%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.92 0.97 0.98 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.91 0.95 0.79 0.87 0.99 1.00 1.14 0.41 0.30 0.30 0.17 -1.79 -11.16 1.76 1.756
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.92 0.81 0.65 2.10 1.33 1.96 1.67 4.32 0.37 0.15 0.44 0.51 -0.33 -0.04 0.40 0.405
EBIT Margin 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.02 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.04 -0.035
Asset Turnover 1.51 1.43 1.56 1.39 1.32 1.37 1.36 1.26 1.01 0.93 1.09 1.03 1.01 1.05 1.11 1.20 1.11 0.98 1.04 1.01 1.010
Equity Multiplier 3.12 3.03 2.91 3.04 3.04 2.80 2.55 2.65 2.67 2.45 2.13 2.21 2.27 2.26 2.11 2.14 2.17 2.29 2.15 2.06 2.060
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $12.90 $12.96 $13.19 $11.70 $11.78 $10.06 $5.69 $3.56 $-3.40 $-8.17 $-4.53 $-5.10 $-2.87 $0.46 $0.10 $0.41 $0.32 $-0.79 $-1.18 $-4.46 $-4.46
Book Value/Share $89.32 $94.56 $93.28 $93.39 $96.91 $98.03 $96.30 $88.96 $89.02 $85.40 $86.86 $87.19 $88.53 $87.98 $89.66 $77.71 $86.34 $89.67 $90.28 $88.16 $88.97
Tangible Book/Share $89.27 $94.50 $93.20 $93.32 $96.83 $97.94 $96.19 $88.84 $88.91 $85.31 $86.78 $87.11 $88.45 $87.91 $89.58 $77.64 $86.27 $89.58 $90.18 $88.07 $88.07
Revenue/Share $397.62 $391.45 $396.97 $377.44 $373.62 $366.47 $330.54 $305.83 $252.21 $211.12 $213.26 $200.24 $203.14 $206.86 $207.33 $207.00 $214.04 $201.92 $202.57 $176.89 $176.89
FCF/Share $1.18 $-12.36 $-4.84 $2.45 $-0.20 $-1.13 $-16.09 $0.28 $7.03 $12.60 $20.22 $16.94 $1.34 $4.34 $4.27 $1.88 $3.96 $-4.40 $2.61 $-4.87 $-4.87
OCF/Share $26.85 $16.53 $22.04 $29.21 $23.77 $22.68 $4.13 $16.84 $21.31 $22.05 $28.57 $23.09 $7.76 $10.69 $12.51 $10.51 $13.10 $5.26 $11.10 $3.14 $2.79
Cash/Share $53.70 $54.93 $59.13 $42.66 $54.96 $52.83 $51.18 $52.27 $66.14 $69.78 $67.27 $70.13 $71.62 $77.21 $79.51 $63.83 $75.66 $76.57 $85.55 $66.88 $66.88
EBITDA/Share $28.33 $28.10 $28.52 $28.33 $29.53 $29.45 $24.68 $22.31 $13.92 $7.74 $11.70 $10.10 $11.79 $14.78 $13.61 $13.60 $14.11 $8.67 $7.10 $3.40 $3.40
Debt/Share $33.02 $35.64 $36.49 $37.47 $42.27 $43.08 $52.17 $46.15 $35.06 $34.04 $35.11 $34.96 $34.57 $36.60 $41.79 $32.41 $37.10 $39.73 $44.02 $32.36 $32.36
Net Debt/Share $-20.68 $-19.28 $-22.63 $-5.19 $-12.69 $-9.76 $0.99 $-6.12 $-31.08 $-35.74 $-32.16 $-35.18 $-37.05 $-40.61 $-37.72 $-31.43 $-38.56 $-36.84 $-41.53 $-34.52 $-34.52
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.259
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 4.054
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 5 6 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 7 7 3 4 4 4
Beneish M-Score -2.85 -2.65 -2.40 -2.90 -2.43 -2.52 -6.10 -2.33 -2.21 -1.67 -3.83 -3.44 -2.79 -2.61 -2.57 -2.52 -3.10 -2.59 -2.61 -2.55 -2.552
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.569
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only -5.67%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $38.44
EVA snapshot only $-3010399340.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only B+
Credit Score 61.67 60.33 60.89 63.61 60.29 61.44 57.50 51.25 41.93 40.77 44.03 43.48 38.49 47.95 45.32 46.64 50.46 34.35 36.09 31.50 31.499
Credit Grade snapshot only 14
Credit Trend snapshot only -15.142
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 650.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 9
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 18

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