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A1OS.DE XETRA

All for One Group SE
1W: -2.0% 1M: +1.5% 3M: +121.4% YTD: +95.4% 1Y: +49.0% 3Y: +86.0% 5Y: +4.0%
€68.40 ($76.82)
-0.20 (-0.29%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±2.9%
€64 €66 €68 €70 €72
XETRA · Technology · Information Technology Services · Tech Score Buy · Power 64 · €317.5M mcap · 4M float · 0.266% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. A1OS.DE receives an overall rating of C+. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-10 B+ C+
2026-05-15 B B+
2026-05-14 B+ B
2026-04-07 None ADDED
2026-04-07 EXISTED None
2026-04-01 B B+
2026-02-06 C B
2026-02-05 B+ C
2026-01-20 B- B+
2026-01-03 A- B-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 14 Grade D
Profitability
1
Balance Sheet
27
Earnings Quality
45
Growth
31
Value
31
Momentum
34
Safety
30
Cash Flow
35
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. A1OS.DE scores highest in Earnings Quality (45/100) and lowest in Profitability (1/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
1.66
Distress Zone
Piotroski F-Score
3/9
✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
0.78
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-4.37
Bankruptcy prob: 1.2%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
B
Score: 25.9/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -3.08x
Accruals: -10.4%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. A1OS.DE scores 1.66, placing it in the Distress Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Historically, companies in this range face elevated bankruptcy risk. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. A1OS.DE scores 3/9, suggesting weak financial fundamentals — the company fails the majority of these accounting tests. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. A1OS.DE's score of 0.78 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. A1OS.DE's implied 1.2% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. A1OS.DE receives an estimated rating of B (score: 25.9/100), with a deteriorating trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-34.03x
PEG
0.21x
P/S
0.63x
P/B
3.76x
P/FCF
5.48x
P/OCF
5.08x
EV/EBITDA
11.07x
EV/Revenue
0.49x
EV/EBIT
-28.98x
EV/FCF
9.52x
Earnings Yield
-6.39%
FCF Yield
18.25%
Shareholder Yield
9.78%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. A1OS.DE currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.714
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.495
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
-0.017
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.420
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.702
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-9.5%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. A1OS.DE's ROE of -9.5% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.70x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$68.40
Median 1Y
$67.87
5th Pctile
$32.31
95th Pctile
$143.69
Ann. Volatility
45.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
ROE 14.8% 16.2% 17.1% 12.6% 11.6% 11.7% 12.4% 9.4% 11.2% 11.1% 11.2% 14.5% 17.3% 16.1% 15.0% 15.1% 10.3% 6.7% 5.3% -9.5% -9.48%
ROA 5.2% 5.2% 5.5% 3.9% 3.6% 3.6% 3.8% 2.8% 3.2% 3.4% 3.5% 4.5% 5.3% 5.3% 4.9% 5.0% 3.3% 2.2% 1.5% -2.6% -2.56%
ROIC 12.6% 11.6% 11.2% 8.0% 8.3% 7.9% 7.9% 6.2% 12.4% 11.3% 10.1% 12.1% 11.5% 10.4% 9.9% 9.6% 7.5% 4.2% 2.9% -5.1% -5.13%
ROCE 11.6% 10.9% 11.3% 7.2% 7.0% 7.5% 7.8% 6.4% 7.4% 8.1% 8.2% 10.6% 12.8% 13.0% 12.1% 12.3% 9.2% 5.8% 4.9% -3.4% -3.42%
Gross Margin 17.1% 18.3% 17.0% 14.9% 18.9% 17.2% 16.7% 11.0% 24.3% 14.3% 11.7% 10.7% 20.9% 20.9% 14.8% 15.8% 18.2% 12.8% 7.5% 2.0% 2.01%
Operating Margin 3.6% 6.4% 4.9% 0.3% 3.1% 6.5% 4.8% -2.6% 10.9% 7.2% 4.2% 1.6% 8.2% 7.7% 1.4% 1.8% 2.3% 4.1% -0.9% -14.8% -14.81%
Net Margin 3.2% 4.4% 3.0% 0.0% 2.1% 5.0% 2.9% -2.3% 3.5% 5.0% 2.6% 0.4% 5.9% 4.8% 0.7% 0.6% 2.6% 2.2% -1.0% -10.7% -10.70%
EBITDA Margin 11.0% 12.4% 11.3% 7.1% 10.6% 12.4% 10.6% 3.3% 10.7% 12.5% 10.1% 7.1% 14.3% 12.4% 7.0% 7.5% 11.5% 9.3% 5.3% -7.8% -7.79%
FCF Margin 7.6% 7.3% 5.7% 5.4% 4.8% 5.7% 4.8% 3.4% 6.0% 4.9% 5.8% 7.1% 7.1% 5.6% 8.2% 6.3% 7.1% 8.4% 4.6% 5.2% 5.15%
OCF Margin 9.3% 8.9% 7.8% 7.0% 6.2% 7.2% 6.9% 5.5% 7.8% 6.7% 6.4% 7.6% 8.0% 6.4% 9.1% 7.3% 7.9% 9.2% 5.1% 5.6% 5.55%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.06%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 7.90%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.40%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.99%
ROIC Economic snapshot only -4.01%
Cash ROA snapshot only 7.24%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 14.81%
CROIC snapshot only 13.73%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only -1.92%
Pretax Margin snapshot only -2.53%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 7.27%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
P/E Ratio 22.66 21.80 20.05 21.70 18.48 17.73 16.64 21.60 16.98 19.03 24.95 18.99 12.71 15.28 16.95 17.28 19.61 27.22 29.05 -15.64 -34.030
P/S Ratio 0.81 0.81 0.72 0.58 0.45 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.38 0.44 0.56 0.55 0.45 0.54 0.52 0.53 0.44 0.42 0.32 0.28 0.631
P/B Ratio 3.31 3.34 3.26 2.60 2.08 2.01 1.99 2.01 1.88 2.06 2.76 2.69 2.10 2.38 2.49 2.56 2.02 1.85 1.60 1.69 3.762
P/FCF 10.63 11.19 12.54 10.78 9.37 8.02 8.91 12.00 6.40 9.01 9.69 7.75 6.33 9.63 6.36 8.48 6.16 4.94 6.93 5.48 5.479
P/OCF 8.69 9.13 9.25 8.26 7.23 6.41 6.13 7.57 4.92 6.63 8.86 7.20 5.64 8.39 5.72 7.29 5.55 4.55 6.19 5.08 5.081
EV/EBITDA 7.51 7.76 7.12 6.65 5.23 5.65 5.64 6.25 5.45 6.05 7.78 6.86 5.00 6.07 6.23 6.38 5.37 6.34 6.01 11.07 11.072
EV/Revenue 0.85 0.89 0.82 0.70 0.54 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.50 0.57 0.72 0.70 0.56 0.67 0.64 0.66 0.52 0.56 0.50 0.49 0.490
EV/EBIT 15.51 16.04 15.02 16.84 14.12 15.15 15.06 19.20 15.00 15.31 19.55 14.81 9.54 11.48 12.50 12.66 12.97 18.02 19.42 -28.98 -28.985
EV/FCF 11.12 12.25 14.20 12.92 11.38 10.29 12.07 16.69 8.40 11.51 12.41 9.81 7.78 12.01 7.86 10.54 7.29 6.63 10.96 9.52 9.516
Earnings Yield 4.4% 4.6% 5.0% 4.6% 5.4% 5.6% 6.0% 4.6% 5.9% 5.3% 4.0% 5.3% 7.9% 6.5% 5.9% 5.8% 5.1% 3.7% 3.4% -6.4% -6.39%
FCF Yield 9.4% 8.9% 8.0% 9.3% 10.7% 12.5% 11.2% 8.3% 15.6% 11.1% 10.3% 12.9% 15.8% 10.4% 15.7% 11.8% 16.2% 20.2% 14.4% 18.3% 18.25%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.210
EV/OCF snapshot only 8.826
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 4.872
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 9.78%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.50 1.32 1.34 1.78 1.80 1.43 1.44 1.37 1.37 1.44 1.48 1.55 1.53 1.56 1.47 1.51 1.54 2.10 1.48 1.34 1.345
Quick Ratio 1.49 1.32 1.34 1.78 1.78 1.43 1.44 1.37 1.35 1.44 1.48 1.55 1.52 1.56 1.47 1.51 1.53 2.10 1.48 1.34 1.345
Debt/Equity 0.97 0.91 0.94 1.26 1.24 1.20 1.25 1.25 1.21 1.10 1.19 1.13 1.08 1.01 1.07 1.06 1.01 1.59 1.68 1.99 1.985
Net Debt/Equity 0.15 0.31 0.43 0.52 0.44 0.57 0.71 0.79 0.59 0.57 0.77 0.71 0.48 0.59 0.59 0.62 0.37 0.63 0.93 1.24 1.244
Debt/Assets 0.34 0.29 0.30 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.37 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.33 0.48 0.42 0.43 0.433
Debt/EBITDA 2.11 1.94 1.82 2.68 2.57 2.63 2.61 2.81 2.68 2.54 2.63 2.28 2.09 2.06 2.16 2.12 2.27 4.08 4.01 7.49 7.494
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.33 0.67 0.83 1.10 0.92 1.24 1.48 1.76 1.30 1.31 1.70 1.44 0.93 1.20 1.19 1.25 0.83 1.61 2.21 4.70 4.697
Interest Coverage 15.43 17.52 18.52 12.68 10.26 8.59 7.56 5.63 6.32 7.12 6.94 8.76 10.30 10.33 9.02 9.22 7.30 4.93 3.60 -2.02 -2.019
Equity Multiplier 2.90 3.20 3.20 3.45 3.48 3.34 3.34 3.35 3.43 3.19 3.15 3.06 3.13 2.90 3.03 3.01 3.03 3.29 4.02 4.59 4.587
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.455
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 5.286
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.373
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.155
Defensive Interval snapshot only 849.8 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.45 1.40 1.54 1.47 1.50 1.39 1.48 1.44 1.43 1.45 1.53 1.56 1.49 1.51 1.59 1.61 1.50 1.41 1.38 1.42 1.420
Inventory Turnover 245.88 1255.56 — — 264.32 — — — 187.44 — — — 235.69 — — — 334.28 — — — —
Receivables Turnover 8.06 6.81 7.61 8.02 7.63 6.50 7.02 8.16 6.68 6.41 6.92 7.74 7.03 6.61 7.15 7.14 7.20 6.56 6.14 7.23 7.232
Payables Turnover 17.43 12.68 18.00 16.85 19.04 11.31 16.04 17.72 15.90 12.46 16.94 17.10 13.23 14.81 16.23 16.32 12.61 16.11 13.94 17.23 17.228
DSO 45 54 48 46 48 56 52 45 55 57 53 47 52 55 51 51 51 56 59 50 50.5 days
DIO 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 21 29 20 22 19 32 23 21 23 29 22 21 28 25 22 22 29 23 26 21 21.2 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 26 25 28 24 30 24 29 24 34 28 31 26 26 31 29 29 23 33 33 29 29.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 9.000
Cash Velocity snapshot only 8.076
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.767
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue 4.9% 10.6% 16.4% 17.1% 21.4% 14.5% 11.5% 10.7% 7.8% 10.4% 7.6% 5.3% 4.8% 2.1% 2.3% 2.0% -1.5% -3.2% -3.1% -1.9% -1.95%
Net Income 4.9% 10.6% 9.5% -16.5% -17.7% -20.7% -20.7% -21.0% 0.7% -0.3% -5.1% 59.6% 64.3% 53.9% 39.0% 8.9% -38.1% -58.0% -65.4% -1.6% -1.57%
EPS 5.1% 10.4% 10.7% -16.8% -17.7% -20.4% -21.0% -21.0% 0.6% -0.3% -5.1% 66.6% 66.1% 57.2% 41.4% 6.1% -37.3% -57.3% -63.6% -1.6% -1.61%
FCF -16.0% -10.9% -33.5% -31.5% -23.9% -10.0% -7.3% -29.4% 35.5% -4.7% 30.7% 1.2% 24.5% 15.6% 43.9% -9.4% -2.1% 45.8% -45.6% -19.9% -19.91%
EBITDA 1.9% 8.1% 13.6% 7.3% 11.9% 3.9% -0.5% -2.9% -4.1% -0.4% -2.6% 16.4% 25.5% 20.3% 13.8% 4.5% -14.4% -23.0% -21.5% -58.3% -58.31%
Op. Income -2.9% 0.3% 2.8% -17.0% -10.8% -17.4% -17.6% -15.7% 42.9% 51.4% 43.9% 1.1% 14.1% 8.9% -1.7% -17.2% -37.7% -57.5% -63.2% -1.5% -1.49%
OCF Growth snapshot only -25.80%
Asset Growth snapshot only 19.41%
Equity Growth snapshot only -21.69%
Debt Growth snapshot only 47.31%
Shares Change snapshot only -5.64%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -24.22%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 3.9% 5.8% 6.8% 7.1% 8.0% 8.3% 8.9% 9.9% 11.1% 11.8% 11.8% 10.9% 11.1% 8.9% 7.0% 5.9% 3.6% 2.9% 2.2% 1.7% 1.74%
Revenue 5Y 7.0% 7.6% 8.4% 8.3% 8.5% 7.7% 7.7% 7.9% 8.0% 8.4% 7.9% 7.5% 7.3% 7.5% 7.3% 7.4% 7.2% 6.7% 6.7% 6.4% 6.42%
EPS 3Y -1.6% 3.8% -3.4% -12.5% 2.6% 6.9% 24.9% -1.0% -4.5% -4.3% -6.0% 3.0% 11.2% 7.7% 2.0% 11.7% 1.6% -12.6% -21.3% — —
EPS 5Y 1.8% 2.6% 3.1% -2.1% -3.4% -2.4% -1.8% -5.5% -4.6% -2.3% -7.5% -2.5% 12.5% 13.9% 21.2% 11.4% -1.9% -10.1% -15.6% — —
Net Income 3Y -1.7% 4.0% -3.4% -8.1% 2.5% 7.0% 24.9% -0.9% -4.6% -4.4% -6.2% 1.7% 10.8% 6.8% 1.5% 11.1% 0.8% -13.6% -23.0% — —
Net Income 5Y 1.7% 2.6% 3.0% -2.1% -3.5% -2.4% -1.8% -5.5% -4.7% -2.3% -7.5% -0.4% 12.2% 13.5% 20.8% 11.1% -2.5% -10.8% -16.9% — —
EBITDA 3Y 10.2% 14.4% 15.6% 15.7% 22.9% 19.5% 16.7% 6.2% 3.0% 3.8% 3.3% 6.6% 10.5% 7.5% 3.3% 5.7% 1.0% -2.7% -4.5% -20.3% -20.26%
EBITDA 5Y 7.7% 9.0% 10.2% 8.6% 9.6% 9.1% 9.0% 8.2% 7.5% 9.1% 8.4% 11.8% 17.5% 15.4% 12.0% 7.8% 3.3% 0.7% -0.3% -12.0% -11.99%
Gross Profit 3Y -5.4% -3.0% -1.8% -1.7% 0.1% 0.1% 0.4% -1.1% 8.8% 10.7% 11.3% 12.6% 6.5% 7.2% 6.6% 8.7% 4.0% -0.4% -5.1% -12.7% -12.67%
Gross Profit 5Y 0.6% 2.1% 3.0% 2.8% 3.2% 2.3% 2.1% 1.3% 3.1% 2.3% 0.3% 0.0% -1.0% 1.5% 2.2% 3.5% 6.1% 4.5% 3.8% -1.2% -1.22%
Op. Income 3Y -3.1% 1.9% 2.0% -2.1% 6.2% 8.8% 10.2% -7.6% 7.3% 7.8% 6.8% 14.5% 13.3% 10.8% 5.2% 14.4% 0.5% -11.2% -19.6% — —
Op. Income 5Y -0.8% 0.3% 1.1% -3.6% -3.7% -3.8% -3.3% -6.2% 3.0% 5.8% 4.7% 11.2% 14.3% 16.2% 13.6% 7.0% -2.6% -10.3% -15.1% — —
FCF 3Y 21.8% 34.9% 35.0% 83.0% 29.4% 19.4% 15.2% -9.4% -4.7% -8.5% -6.9% 1.7% 8.7% -0.3% 20.4% 11.6% 18.2% 17.1% 0.8% 16.3% 16.34%
FCF 5Y 16.8% 27.9% 17.0% 11.5% 5.4% 6.8% 1.1% -9.1% 13.3% 16.1% 24.4% 56.5% 29.6% 13.4% 23.5% 7.9% 1.1% 5.2% -8.8% -5.3% -5.29%
OCF 3Y 14.1% 19.7% 14.9% 17.3% 11.9% 7.9% 10.2% -2.7% -2.7% -4.0% -7.5% -1.0% 5.6% -2.4% 12.7% 7.4% 12.3% 11.8% -7.6% 2.3% 2.34%
OCF 5Y 15.5% 24.2% 17.0% 11.8% 5.7% 7.5% 5.7% -3.1% 10.3% 10.3% 8.2% 15.3% 15.4% 4.9% 14.0% 5.9% -0.8% 3.6% -8.7% -6.7% -6.73%
Assets 3Y 13.1% 17.1% 17.3% 20.7% 19.4% 11.6% 11.6% 10.5% 10.9% 10.4% 9.0% 7.1% 9.0% 2.7% 3.0% -1.0% -0.9% 2.0% 6.1% 5.5% 5.46%
Assets 5Y 11.2% 14.5% 14.9% 15.6% 15.0% 13.4% 14.7% 13.6% 13.3% 12.4% 11.9% 10.7% 11.5% 6.1% 6.2% 5.8% 5.7% 7.4% 9.9% 8.5% 8.53%
Equity 3Y 5.7% 5.4% 3.9% 5.3% 5.8% 6.6% 6.5% 4.7% 4.0% 7.8% 6.9% 5.7% 6.4% 6.1% 5.0% 3.6% 3.8% 2.4% -0.3% -5.1% -5.07%
Book Value 3Y 5.8% 5.2% 3.9% 0.3% 5.8% 6.5% 6.5% 4.6% 4.0% 7.8% 7.2% 7.1% 6.7% 7.0% 5.4% 4.2% 4.7% 3.7% 2.0% -2.7% -2.68%
Dividend 3Y -0.1% -0.3% 6.4% 1.4% 6.8% 6.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.2% 1.1% -0.9% -0.4% 2.4% 2.7% 3.7% 4.1% -8.3% -8.3% -8.33%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.89 0.96 0.92 0.91 0.84 0.90 0.87 0.89 0.86 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.90 0.95 0.98 0.97 0.89 0.81 0.79 0.79 0.788
Earnings Stability 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.36 0.38 0.34 0.38 0.02 0.09 0.33 0.30 0.305
Margin Stability 0.87 0.87 0.84 0.82 0.86 0.86 0.84 0.81 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.83 0.85 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.91 0.96 0.91 0.80 0.799
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.92 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.84 0.96 0.85 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.200
Earnings Smoothness 0.95 0.90 0.91 0.82 0.81 0.77 0.77 0.76 0.99 1.00 0.95 0.54 0.51 0.58 0.67 0.91 0.53 0.18 0.03 — —
ROE Trend 0.01 0.02 0.04 -0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.05 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 -0.04 -0.06 -0.07 -0.25 -0.253
Gross Margin Trend -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.07 -0.067
FCF Margin Trend 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.00 -0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.016
Sustainable Growth Rate 8.2% 9.6% 8.8% 4.7% 3.9% 4.4% 4.8% 1.8% 3.7% 4.1% 4.0% 7.2% 10.5% 9.8% 7.6% 7.7% 3.2% -0.1% -0.1% — —
Internal Growth Rate 2.9% 3.2% 2.9% 1.5% 1.2% 1.4% 1.5% 0.5% 1.1% 1.3% 1.2% 2.3% 3.3% 3.3% 2.5% 2.6% 1.1% — — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 2.61 2.39 2.17 2.63 2.56 2.77 2.71 2.85 3.45 2.87 2.82 2.64 2.26 1.82 2.96 2.37 3.53 5.99 4.70 -3.08 -3.078
FCF/OCF 0.82 0.82 0.74 0.77 0.77 0.80 0.69 0.63 0.77 0.74 0.91 0.93 0.89 0.87 0.90 0.86 0.90 0.92 0.89 0.93 0.927
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -2.854
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 1.254
CapEx/Revenue 1.7% 1.6% 2.0% 1.6% 1.4% 1.4% 2.2% 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 0.4% 0.4% 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.71%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.116
Accruals Ratio -0.08 -0.07 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.05 -0.08 -0.06 -0.06 -0.07 -0.07 -0.04 -0.10 -0.07 -0.08 -0.11 -0.06 -0.10 -0.104
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.106
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 3.060
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Dividend Yield 2.0% 1.9% 2.4% 2.9% 3.6% 3.5% 3.7% 3.7% 3.9% 3.3% 2.6% 2.6% 3.1% 2.6% 2.9% 2.8% 3.5% 3.8% 3.5% 3.9% 1.75%
Dividend/Share $1.21 $1.20 $1.46 $1.46 $1.47 $1.47 $1.46 $1.47 $1.49 $1.48 $1.46 $1.53 $1.45 $1.46 $1.58 $1.58 $1.60 $1.61 $1.20 $1.20 $1.20
Payout Ratio 45.0% 40.6% 48.3% 63.0% 66.6% 62.3% 61.2% 80.3% 66.8% 63.0% 64.5% 50.0% 39.2% 39.4% 49.2% 48.9% 68.8% 1.0% 1.0% — —
FCF Payout Ratio 21.1% 20.8% 30.2% 31.3% 33.8% 28.2% 32.8% 44.6% 25.2% 29.8% 25.0% 20.4% 19.5% 24.9% 18.5% 24.0% 21.6% 18.6% 24.5% 21.4% 21.43%
Total Payout Ratio 45.0% 40.6% 48.3% 63.0% 66.6% 70.8% 69.6% 91.3% 81.3% 73.3% 86.6% 69.2% 54.3% 57.9% 74.2% 73.5% 1.1% 1.6% 2.4% — —
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number 0.02 0.01 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.12 -0.24 -0.25 -0.246
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.9% 0.5% 0.9% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.5% 1.4% 2.1% 2.1% 4.8% 5.9% 5.87%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.9% 0.5% 0.9% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.5% 1.4% 2.1% 2.1% 4.8% 5.9% 5.87%
Total Shareholder Return 2.0% 1.9% 2.4% 2.9% 3.6% 4.0% 4.2% 4.2% 4.8% 3.9% 3.5% 3.6% 4.3% 3.8% 4.4% 4.3% 5.6% 5.9% 8.4% 9.8% 9.78%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.69 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.80 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.71 0.714
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.83 0.84 0.86 0.86 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.86 0.80 0.72 1.50 1.495
EBIT Margin 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 -0.02 -0.017
Asset Turnover 1.45 1.40 1.54 1.47 1.50 1.39 1.48 1.44 1.43 1.45 1.53 1.56 1.49 1.51 1.59 1.61 1.50 1.41 1.38 1.42 1.420
Equity Multiplier 2.87 3.09 3.09 3.21 3.20 3.27 3.27 3.40 3.45 3.26 3.24 3.20 3.27 3.04 3.09 3.04 3.08 3.09 3.51 3.70 3.702
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $2.69 $2.96 $3.03 $2.32 $2.21 $2.36 $2.39 $1.83 $2.23 $2.35 $2.27 $3.05 $3.70 $3.70 $3.21 $3.24 $2.32 $1.58 $1.17 $-1.96 $-1.96
Book Value/Share $18.38 $19.34 $18.64 $19.36 $19.68 $20.83 $20.01 $19.73 $20.08 $21.72 $20.50 $21.53 $22.35 $23.69 $21.83 $21.91 $22.56 $23.20 $21.24 $18.18 $18.29
Tangible Book/Share $6.17 $0.02 $-0.92 $-1.77 $-1.50 $-0.06 $-0.50 $-0.77 $0.02 $1.60 $0.82 $1.25 $2.77 $4.22 $2.62 $2.97 $4.09 $4.69 $-6.32 $-9.02 $-9.02
Revenue/Share $75.15 $79.29 $84.18 $86.59 $91.20 $91.11 $93.47 $95.86 $98.25 $100.62 $100.58 $105.40 $104.12 $104.90 $104.58 $104.68 $104.01 $103.11 $106.61 $108.78 $108.78
FCF/Share $5.73 $5.77 $4.84 $4.67 $4.36 $5.21 $4.47 $3.30 $5.91 $4.97 $5.84 $7.48 $7.43 $5.86 $8.55 $6.60 $7.38 $8.68 $4.89 $5.60 $5.60
OCF/Share $7.01 $7.07 $6.56 $6.10 $5.65 $6.52 $6.49 $5.23 $7.68 $6.74 $6.39 $8.06 $8.34 $6.73 $9.50 $7.68 $8.20 $9.44 $5.48 $6.04 $6.38
Cash/Share $15.11 $11.60 $9.56 $14.36 $15.61 $13.18 $10.81 $9.25 $12.60 $11.55 $8.62 $9.01 $13.30 $10.04 $10.52 $9.54 $14.47 $22.39 $16.07 $13.47 $13.47
EBITDA/Share $8.48 $9.10 $9.66 $9.08 $9.49 $9.49 $9.57 $8.81 $9.10 $9.45 $9.32 $10.71 $11.55 $11.60 $10.79 $10.90 $10.03 $9.07 $8.91 $4.82 $4.82
Debt/Share $17.90 $17.67 $17.61 $24.35 $24.35 $24.96 $24.97 $24.75 $24.40 $23.96 $24.48 $24.39 $24.09 $23.94 $23.30 $23.12 $22.76 $36.98 $35.76 $36.09 $36.09
Net Debt/Share $2.79 $6.08 $8.05 $9.99 $8.74 $11.78 $14.15 $15.50 $11.79 $12.41 $15.87 $15.38 $10.79 $13.90 $12.78 $13.58 $8.29 $14.59 $19.69 $22.62 $22.62
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.661
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 1.150
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 7 5 6 6 5 5 7 7 6 8 8 8 8 7 7 5 5 3 3
Beneish M-Score -3.16 -2.39 -2.37 -2.41 -2.31 -2.73 -2.67 -2.36 -2.86 -2.47 -2.49 -2.64 -2.61 -2.97 -3.07 -2.93 -2.93 -2.63 -1.90 0.78 0.775
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -4.371
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-25.27
EVA snapshot only $-28537380.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only B
Credit Score 72.36 69.41 72.58 61.46 65.26 57.46 60.71 52.76 59.33 56.76 63.85 65.12 68.27 67.61 69.40 65.12 66.91 52.49 46.41 25.88 25.880
Credit Grade snapshot only 15
Credit Trend snapshot only -39.243
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 750.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 11
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 12

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