— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: A2M.AX (ASX) · $vol 14M · ATM.NZ (NZE) · $vol 2M

ACOPF OTC

The a2 Milk Company Limited
1W: +0.0% 1M: -6.4% 3M: -7.2% YTD: -21.7% 1Y: -19.8% 3Y: +67.9% 5Y: +15.1%
$4.50
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Consumer Defensive · Packaged Foods · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 40 · $3.3B mcap · 717M float · 0.0001% daily turnover · Short 42% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$0
Low
$8
Avg Target
$8
High
Based on 1 analyst ratings (12 mo)
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 0Hold: 1Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusHold
Avg Target$7.90
Analysts1
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2026-06-23 Goldman Sachs Peter Marks Initiated $8 — +116.4% $3.65

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
2
P/E
2
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. ACOPF receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (2/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 A- B+
2026-08-25 B+ A-
2026-08-11 A- B+
2026-08-05 B+ A-
2026-08-03 A- B+
2026-07-01 B+ A-
2026-07-01 None ADDED
2026-06-16 EXISTED None
2026-06-11 None ADDED
2026-05-27 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
70
Balance Sheet
90
Earnings Quality
74
Growth
79
Value
—
Momentum
86
Safety
—
Cash Flow
60

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-0.90
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.94
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 82.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
50/100
OCF/NI: 0.80x
Accruals: 4.6%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. ACOPF scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. ACOPF's score of -0.90 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. ACOPF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. ACOPF receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 82.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). ACOPF's score of 50/100 is moderate — some divergence between reported earnings and underlying cash flows.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
26.61x
PEG
0.27x
P/S
3.04x
P/B
5.58x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$4.33
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 26.6x earnings, ACOPF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $4.33 per share, 4% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.716
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.015
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.149
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
2.098
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.579
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
35.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. ACOPF's ROE of 35.9% is driven by Asset Turnover (2.098), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$22.03
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with ACOPF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. ACOPF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $22.03, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 26.6x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$4.50
Median 1Y
$3.47
5th Pctile
$1.44
95th Pctile
$8.44
Ann. Volatility
52.6%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 58.3% 80.7% 83.9% 83.1% 98.2% 95.2% 85.0% 80.8% 70.8% 50.1% 32.4% 17.6% 13.2% 25.0% 22.4% 19.6% 20.0% 22.1% 27.7% 35.9% 35.90%
ROA 41.5% 56.0% 58.2% 61.8% 77.2% 72.6% 66.8% 62.9% 59.0% 39.4% 24.3% 12.8% 10.1% 18.7% 16.3% 13.9% 14.3% 16.1% 20.8% 22.7% 22.74%
ROIC 1.0% 1.0% 1.4% 1.3% 1.1% 1.5% 1.6% 2.3% 1.5% 2.1% 71.2% 47.3% 26.1% 54.6% 47.5% 53.9% 47.4% 46.7% 54.1% 1.1% 1.10%
ROCE 67.3% 80.3% 80.9% 75.7% 89.3% 88.5% 83.9% 84.1% 76.7% 61.4% 40.7% 23.8% 17.7% 30.7% 27.3% 22.9% 21.6% 26.3% 35.0% 51.9% 51.89%
Gross Margin 46.5% 49.3% 49.8% 50.8% 55.7% 54.1% 57.2% 54.8% 50.4% 31.9% 46.2% 45.7% 47.6% 45.4% 46.7% 45.0% 44.8% 47.2% 48.9% 46.4% 46.42%
Operating Margin 25.4% 26.0% 32.0% 28.8% 36.0% 28.8% 32.9% 30.6% 25.9% -9.3% 13.6% 11.2% 12.6% 12.6% 12.9% 11.3% 11.6% 11.4% 15.5% 13.4% 13.42%
Net Margin 15.4% 17.5% 22.7% 19.9% 25.4% 20.2% 23.4% 21.6% 17.7% -7.5% 9.1% 8.0% 9.4% 10.1% 10.5% 9.5% 10.3% 11.0% 11.5% 10.5% 10.49%
EBITDA Margin 26.0% 25.8% 32.2% 28.9% 36.1% 28.9% 33.1% 30.6% 26.4% -9.2% 14.8% 11.9% 13.8% 13.1% 14.0% 13.4% 13.3% 19.8% 16.4% 14.4% 14.42%
FCF Margin 7.7% 13.2% 20.4% 22.2% 21.9% 23.2% 21.6% 23.4% 18.9% 17.2% 15.9% 10.7% 10.4% 9.9% 8.2% 9.1% 12.1% 11.6% 11.4% 6.7% 6.65%
OCF Margin 8.1% 13.5% 20.7% 22.5% 22.2% 23.4% 21.8% 23.6% 19.2% 17.6% 16.3% 11.1% 10.9% 10.4% 8.9% 9.9% 12.7% 12.0% 11.8% 8.6% 8.65%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 25.13%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 37.42%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 15.71%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 58.21%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 33.88%
Cash ROA snapshot only 17.14%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 1.07%
CROIC snapshot only 82.64%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 8.89%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 15.13%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 33.18%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 26.609
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.035
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.580
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.266
Graham Number snapshot only $4.33
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 3.12 2.52 2.63 3.12 3.21 3.15 4.14 3.69 5.48 3.99 2.71 2.66 2.75 2.96 3.26 3.09 2.97 3.22 2.96 1.60 1.600
Quick Ratio 2.70 2.25 2.29 2.72 2.73 2.65 3.58 3.21 4.48 3.58 2.38 2.34 2.31 2.45 2.69 2.66 2.56 2.91 2.56 1.26 1.255
Debt/Equity 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.023
Net Debt/Equity -0.62 -0.50 -0.62 -0.61 -0.45 -0.59 -0.63 -0.74 -0.64 -0.79 -0.58 -0.65 -0.55 -0.61 -0.61 -0.71 -0.69 -0.69 -0.62 -0.71 -0.708
Debt/Assets 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.012
Debt/EBITDA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.39 0.49 0.25 0.16 0.20 0.28 0.23 0.06 0.04 0.039
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.90 -0.62 -0.76 -0.80 -0.50 -0.66 -0.74 -0.86 -0.82 -1.26 -1.28 -2.38 -2.62 -1.73 -2.02 -2.75 -2.79 -2.31 -1.60 -1.22 -1.217
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 158.73 169.61 166.30 166.303
Equity Multiplier 1.41 1.42 1.41 1.29 1.23 1.28 1.22 1.28 1.18 1.27 1.43 1.45 1.42 1.41 1.33 1.37 1.38 1.34 1.33 1.83 1.827
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.929
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 179.212
Cash to Debt snapshot only 32.266
FCF to Debt snapshot only 10.637
Defensive Interval snapshot only 265.4 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 4.23 4.17 3.33 3.18 3.51 3.29 2.99 2.79 2.82 2.47 1.99 1.67 1.78 2.03 1.73 1.41 1.41 1.54 1.93 2.10 2.098
Inventory Turnover 20.47 29.28 17.89 12.75 17.08 15.27 13.64 12.76 10.43 13.21 11.93 10.27 8.14 10.68 9.21 8.17 7.41 8.89 9.56 8.76 8.760
Receivables Turnover 13.99 17.21 17.01 30.00 25.33 35.09 35.24 51.85 44.03 55.54 36.84 40.51 38.50 57.58 33.28 41.14 29.45 45.80 36.99 41.92 41.917
Payables Turnover 9.58 19.78 6.89 14.43 10.44 17.68 7.49 13.77 9.43 23.29 5.84 13.85 5.73 34.11 4.89 15.63 3.78 22.61 5.19 22.30 22.300
DSO 26 21 21 12 14 10 10 7 8 7 10 9 9 6 11 9 12 8 10 9 8.7 days
DIO 18 12 20 29 21 24 27 29 35 28 31 36 45 34 40 45 49 41 38 42 41.7 days
DPO 38 18 53 25 35 21 49 27 39 16 63 26 64 11 75 23 97 16 70 16 16.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 6 15 -11 16 1 14 -12 9 5 19 -22 18 -9 30 -24 30 -35 33 -22 34 34.0 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 14.927
Operating Cycle snapshot only 50.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 4.954
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.505
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 2.3% 2.4% 2.4% 1.9% 1.7% 1.5% 1.2% 1.1% 69.6% 32.0% 7.5% -12.6% -11.1% 3.4% -0.3% -8.3% -7.8% -9.8% 19.4% 59.2% 59.24%
Net Income 57.0% 59.2% 27.4% 9.1% 4.9% 3.0% 1.8% 1.4% 61.2% -4.4% -41.3% -70.2% -75.8% -40.6% -23.2% 17.8% 63.9% 3.0% 37.0% 75.0% 75.01%
EPS 48.5% 51.3% 24.7% 9.0% 4.9% 3.1% 1.8% 1.4% 61.4% -4.8% -41.4% -70.5% -75.8% -39.6% -21.3% 20.4% 67.6% 3.3% 36.5% 74.0% 74.01%
FCF 12.3% 13.5% 15.3% 27.4% 6.5% 3.3% 1.3% 1.2% 46.0% -1.9% -20.9% -60.1% -50.9% -40.6% -48.3% -21.9% 6.9% 5.6% 65.4% 16.6% 16.64%
EBITDA 13.5% 28.2% 12.9% 6.4% 3.8% 2.6% 1.6% 1.3% 60.7% -3.0% -38.3% -66.9% -73.0% -40.4% -28.8% 2.3% 35.7% 6.8% 48.0% 89.1% 89.14%
Op. Income 16.3% 42.7% 14.6% 6.7% 3.9% 2.6% 1.6% 1.3% 60.2% -3.4% -39.4% -68.5% -75.3% -43.8% -31.5% -0.5% 35.2% -15.4% 23.6% 66.7% 66.66%
OCF Growth snapshot only 39.82%
Asset Growth snapshot only 12.45%
Equity Growth snapshot only -15.71%
Debt Growth snapshot only -63.47%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.58%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — 3.6% 2.2% 1.8% 1.5% 1.2% 99.6% 73.4% 58.7% 49.8% 32.4% 18.1% 11.6% 7.2% 8.6% 8.4% 8.44%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.6% 1.0% 78.4% 64.7% 59.4% 56.8% 50.1% 50.07%
EPS 3Y — — — — — 6.4% 5.5% 7.6% 6.8% — 2.5% 92.4% 31.8% 32.7% 8.5% -5.1% -13.2% -15.9% -14.3% -14.8% -14.80%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.0% 1.6% 2.0% 1.9% — 1.1% 71.7% 71.66%
Net Income 3Y — — — — — 6.8% 6.0% 7.7% 7.2% — 2.6% 92.8% 32.4% 32.0% 7.6% -5.8% -13.8% -16.4% -14.9% -15.0% -15.02%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.1% 1.7% 2.0% 1.9% — 1.2% 71.4% 71.38%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — 6.6% 4.8% 4.8% 3.8% 3.7% 1.8% 77.5% 27.5% 27.3% 4.6% -8.1% -16.2% -14.9% -13.3% -13.8% -13.80%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.0% 1.4% 1.3% 1.1% 1.3% 88.1% 61.0% 61.00%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — 4.2% 2.7% 2.3% 1.8% 1.5% 1.2% 78.6% 59.1% 50.1% 30.9% 15.5% 6.6% 2.2% 3.0% 2.5% 2.53%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.8% 1.1% 87.5% 72.8% 67.7% 63.8% 54.5% 54.49%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — 5.9% 5.0% 5.0% 4.1% 4.3% 1.9% 76.9% 24.6% 25.0% 2.7% -10.4% -18.8% -22.9% -20.0% -19.5% -19.50%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.8% 1.5% 1.3% 1.1% 1.4% 83.7% 55.8% 55.80%
FCF 3Y — — — — — 17.4% — — — — — 1.9% 75.1% 36.2% -2.2% -12.3% -8.5% -14.9% -12.2% -28.6% -28.64%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.2% — — — — — 86.1% 86.14%
OCF 3Y — — — — — 7.3% — 7.1% — — — 1.8% 75.2% 37.4% -0.0% -10.3% -7.5% -14.1% -11.3% -22.4% -22.43%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.2% — 1.8% — — — 90.3% 90.27%
Assets 3Y — — — — — 1.4% 1.6% 1.7% 1.6% 1.5% 1.1% 1.0% 90.3% 67.3% 43.0% 34.3% 33.6% 24.5% 15.7% 10.3% 10.31%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 86.0% 86.2% 86.6% 88.5% 85.3% 60.6% 56.1% 56.15%
Equity 3Y — — — — — 1.4% 1.5% 1.7% 1.7% 1.6% 1.2% 1.1% 90.0% 68.0% 45.6% 31.6% 28.7% 22.6% 12.4% -2.0% -1.99%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — 1.2% 1.4% 1.7% 1.6% 1.5% 1.1% 1.1% 89.1% 69.0% 46.8% 32.6% 29.7% 23.2% 13.2% -1.7% -1.74%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability — 0.94 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.97 0.98 0.94 0.80 0.80 0.94 0.89 0.72 0.71 0.77 0.83 0.72 0.722
Earnings Stability — 0.73 0.77 0.82 0.87 0.78 0.85 0.88 0.95 0.84 0.66 0.37 0.28 0.58 0.43 0.21 0.16 0.28 0.22 0.10 0.103
Margin Stability — 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.88 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.882
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.98 0.83 0.50 0.50 0.84 0.91 0.93 0.50 0.99 0.85 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.18 0.53 0.96 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.74 0.84 0.52 0.97 0.69 0.45 0.455
ROE Trend — 0.51 0.49 0.40 0.42 0.39 0.29 0.24 0.04 -0.13 -0.26 -0.39 -0.45 -0.28 -0.23 -0.20 -0.15 -0.14 -0.00 0.21 0.212
Gross Margin Trend — 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.01 -0.04 -0.08 -0.09 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 -0.02 -0.00 0.02 0.016
FCF Margin Trend — 0.15 0.25 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.04 -0.01 -0.05 -0.12 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.08 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.032
Sustainable Growth Rate 58.3% 80.7% 83.9% 83.1% 98.2% 95.2% 85.0% 80.8% 70.8% 50.1% 32.4% 17.6% 13.2% 25.0% 22.4% 19.6% 20.0% 17.3% 16.5% 16.4% 16.37%
Internal Growth Rate 70.8% 1.3% 1.4% 1.6% 3.4% 2.6% 2.0% 1.7% 1.4% 65.1% 32.1% 14.7% 11.3% 22.9% 19.4% 16.1% 16.7% 14.5% 14.1% 11.6% 11.57%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.82 1.00 1.18 1.16 1.01 1.06 0.97 1.05 0.92 1.10 1.34 1.44 1.91 1.13 0.95 1.00 1.25 1.15 1.10 0.80 0.798
FCF/OCF 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.77 0.769
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.614
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.538
CapEx/Revenue 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.8% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 2.0% 1.99%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.723
Accruals Ratio 0.07 -0.00 -0.11 -0.10 -0.01 -0.04 0.02 -0.03 0.05 -0.04 -0.08 -0.06 -0.09 -0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 0.05 0.046
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.224
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.096
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.500
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.68%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.08 $0.20 $0.31 $0.63
Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 21.5% 40.5% 54.4% 54.40%
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.4% 38.3% 88.6% 88.59%
Total Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 2.0% 2.7% 7.6% 6.5% 66.0% 58.3% 57.1% 62.3% 22.8% 21.5% 40.5% 54.4% 54.40%
Div. Increase Streak — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.59 0.63 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.72 0.716
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.02 1.07 1.10 1.13 1.17 1.04 1.03 1.01 1.015
EBIT Margin 0.17 0.21 0.26 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.23 0.18 0.11 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.149
Asset Turnover 4.23 4.17 3.33 3.18 3.51 3.29 2.99 2.79 2.82 2.47 1.99 1.67 1.78 2.03 1.73 1.41 1.41 1.54 1.93 2.10 2.098
Equity Multiplier 1.41 1.44 1.44 1.34 1.27 1.31 1.27 1.28 1.20 1.27 1.33 1.37 1.30 1.34 1.38 1.41 1.40 1.37 1.33 1.58 1.579
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.09 $0.16 $0.28 $0.38 $0.54 $0.66 $0.78 $0.93 $0.87 $0.63 $0.46 $0.27 $0.21 $0.38 $0.36 $0.33 $0.35 $0.39 $0.49 $0.57 $0.57
Book Value/Share $0.24 $0.33 $0.52 $0.75 $0.87 $1.07 $1.31 $1.54 $1.60 $1.46 $1.52 $1.59 $1.61 $1.57 $1.66 $1.74 $1.89 $1.99 $1.90 $1.46 $1.48
Tangible Book/Share $0.22 $0.31 $0.51 $0.73 $0.84 $1.05 $1.29 $1.52 $1.57 $1.44 $1.37 $1.44 $1.46 $1.42 $1.51 $1.59 $1.74 $1.84 $1.61 $1.15 $1.15
Revenue/Share $0.94 $1.22 $1.61 $1.98 $2.46 $3.01 $3.49 $4.11 $4.17 $3.95 $3.75 $3.56 $3.70 $4.16 $3.84 $3.33 $3.49 $3.76 $4.57 $5.28 $2.72
FCF/Share $0.07 $0.16 $0.33 $0.44 $0.54 $0.70 $0.75 $0.96 $0.79 $0.68 $0.60 $0.38 $0.39 $0.41 $0.32 $0.30 $0.42 $0.44 $0.52 $0.35 $0.08
OCF/Share $0.08 $0.16 $0.33 $0.44 $0.54 $0.70 $0.76 $0.97 $0.80 $0.70 $0.61 $0.39 $0.40 $0.43 $0.34 $0.33 $0.44 $0.45 $0.54 $0.46 $0.18
Cash/Share $0.15 $0.16 $0.32 $0.46 $0.39 $0.63 $0.83 $1.16 $1.04 $1.18 $1.00 $1.19 $1.05 $1.10 $1.09 $1.33 $1.43 $1.51 $1.23 $1.07 $1.08
EBITDA/Share $0.16 $0.26 $0.43 $0.57 $0.78 $0.95 $1.11 $1.31 $1.25 $0.91 $0.69 $0.43 $0.34 $0.55 $0.50 $0.45 $0.47 $0.59 $0.74 $0.85 $0.85
Debt/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.13 $0.17 $0.16 $0.14 $0.08 $0.09 $0.13 $0.14 $0.05 $0.03 $0.03
Net Debt/Share $-0.15 $-0.16 $-0.32 $-0.46 $-0.39 $-0.63 $-0.82 $-1.13 $-1.02 $-1.16 $-0.88 $-1.03 $-0.88 $-0.96 $-1.01 $-1.24 $-1.30 $-1.37 $-1.19 $-1.03 $-1.03
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 6 7 7 7 7 8 7 8 6 5 3 3 3 5 7 6 7 7 7 6 6
Beneish M-Score -0.60 -0.44 -0.90 -1.04 0.58 -1.70 -1.99 -2.14 -2.46 -2.61 -2.61 -2.72 -2.78 -2.53 -2.26 -1.96 -2.52 -2.07 -1.54 -0.90 -0.899
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.944
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 75.61%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $0.62
EVA snapshot only $312543117.95
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 80.00 79.55 79.55 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.750
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only 2.500
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000

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