Also trades as: CAE.TO (TSX) · $vol 23M

$25.74

-0.35 (-1.34%)

After Hours: $24.90 (-0.84, -3.26%)

Weekly Expected Move ±3.2%

$23 $24 $25 $26 $27

NASDAQ · Industrials · Aerospace & Defense · Tech Score Buy · Power 65 · $8.4B mcap · 289M float · 0.251% daily turnover · Short 66% of daily vol

Credit Risk of going bust: lower than 65% of companies Debt: 21.5% of company value Bonds: none of note held by US funds details ▾

If the stock fell to about $0.57 (down 98%), CAE Inc. would be worth roughly what it owes.
Total debt $2.29B against a stock market value of $8.40B.
Distance to default 6.83 (Merton model): prices to 2026-10-26, balance sheet 2026-06-30, debt counted $1.36B (short-term plus half of long-term), stock volatility 33.3%; Altman Z'' 1.76. A ranking and a back-test, not a forecast.
US fund filings (SEC N-PORT) show under $25M of this company's bonds, so there is no bond page. Its debt may be bank loans or privately placed. How these are computed.

Overview Chart Smart Money Financials Income Statement Cash Flow Balance Sheet Earnings

Analysis Technicals Weather Peers ESG Institutions ETF Exposure Dark Pool Short Interest

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets

Low

$29

Avg Target

$29

High

Based on 3 analyst ratings (12 mo)

Analyst Recommendations

Strong Buy: 0Buy: 10Hold: 7Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0

Rating Summary

ConsensusBuy

Avg Target$29.00

Analysts3

Price Target Change History

Date	Firm	Analyst	Old	New	Change	Upside @ Call	Stock@Call
2026-06-25	Jefferies	—	$27	$26	-1	+4.2%	$24.95
2026-05-26	RBC Capital	Ken Herbert	Initiated	$34	—	+40.6%	$24.19
2026-04-17	Jefferies	—	$30	$27	-3	-0.3%	$27.08
2025-07-21	Jefferies	Sheila Kahyaoglu	$28	$30	+2	+1.4%	$29.58
2025-06-25	Jefferies	Sheila Kahyaoglu	$19	$28	+9	+6.7%	$26.24
2024-12-04	CIBC	Kevin Chiang	Initiated	$33	—	+41.0%	$23.41
2024-10-14	Jefferies	Sheila Kahyaoglu	$21	$19	-2	+2.9%	$18.46
2024-10-14	BMO Capital	Fadi Chamoun	Initiated	$33	—	+80.3%	$18.30
2024-06-06	Jefferies	Sheila Kahyaoglu	Initiated	$21	—	+12.3%	$18.70

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C+

Oct 27, 2026

DCF

ROE

ROA

D/E

P/E

P/B

The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. CAE receives an overall rating of C+. Areas of concern: ROE (2/5), ROA (2/5), D/E (2/5), P/E (1/5).

Rating Change History

Date	From	To
2026-10-27	B-	C+
2026-10-01	B	B-
2026-09-02	B-	B
2026-09-01	B	B-
2026-08-31	B-	B
2026-08-27	B	B-
2026-08-24	B-	B
2026-08-21	B	B-
2026-08-18	B-	B
2026-08-10	C+	B-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B

Profitability

Balance Sheet

Earnings Quality

Growth

Value

—

Momentum

Safety

—

Cash Flow

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score

—

Piotroski F-Score

7/9

✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓

Beneish M-Score

-3.23

Unlikely Manipulator

Ohlson O-Score

-7.79

Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%

Low Risk

Credit Rating

BBB-

Score: 53.1/100

Trend: Stable

Earnings Quality

75/100

OCF/NI: 3.31x

Accruals: -6.0%

The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. CAE scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. CAE's score of -3.23 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. CAE's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. CAE receives an estimated rating of BBB- (score: 53.1/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). CAE's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E

40.33x

PEG

-1.33x

P/S

2.33x

P/B

2.15x

P/FCF

—

P/OCF

—

EV/EBITDA

—

EV/Revenue

—

EV/EBIT

—

EV/FCF

—

Earnings Yield

—

FCF Yield

—

Shareholder Yield

—

Graham Number

$19.07

Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 40.3x earnings, CAE is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $19.07 per share, 37% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden

0.792

NI / EBT

Interest Burden

0.704

EBT / EBIT

EBIT Margin

0.103

EBIT / Rev

Asset Turnover

0.453

Rev / Assets

Equity Multiplier

2.138

Assets / Equity

ROE

5.6%

The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. CAE's ROE of 5.6% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.453), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate

4.24%

Fair P/E

16.98x

Intrinsic Value

$15.73

Price/Value

—

Margin of Safety

—

Premium

—

Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with CAE's realized 4.2% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. CAE trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $15.73, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 17.0x compares to the current market P/E of 40.3x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price

$25.74

Median 1Y

$23.64

5th Pctile

$11.54

95th Pctile

$48.30

Ann. Volatility

42.8%

25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees

—

Revenue / Employee

—

Rev: $4,926,699,075

Profit / Employee

—

NI: $313,909,133

SGA / Employee

—

Avg labor cost proxy

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
ROE	4.8%	3.2%	3.4%	2.7%	3.8%	4.5%	4.6%	7.9%	7.1%	5.6%	-7.0%	-8.3%	-7.3%	-4.6%	8.9%	9.0%	9.2%	7.6%	6.1%	5.6%	5.57%
ROA	1.8%	1.2%	1.3%	1.1%	1.6%	1.9%	2.0%	3.4%	3.1%	2.4%	-3.0%	-3.6%	-3.2%	-2.0%	3.9%	4.0%	4.1%	3.4%	2.8%	2.6%	2.60%
ROIC	5.7%	5.4%	3.7%	4.3%	4.5%	4.0%	4.2%	7.0%	5.5%	5.4%	-2.1%	-2.2%	-2.0%	-0.4%	7.3%	7.4%	7.5%	7.0%	6.9%	6.3%	6.33%
ROCE	4.5%	4.8%	4.0%	4.4%	5.2%	4.1%	4.7%	7.8%	5.7%	5.9%	5.9%	5.5%	5.9%	6.8%	8.4%	8.6%	8.3%	7.6%	6.3%	6.0%	6.04%
Gross Margin	27.9%	28.6%	28.4%	25.0%	26.0%	28.5%	28.1%	28.2%	27.1%	27.6%	25.0%	26.0%	25.6%	27.8%	30.6%	28.1%	25.8%	28.9%	30.2%	29.2%	29.22%
Operating Margin	4.8%	7.7%	9.7%	5.0%	11.7%	14.7%	13.8%	12.7%	9.3%	11.1%	-47.3%	10.1%	10.4%	21.5%	18.8%	12.2%	12.6%	15.6%	15.2%	6.2%	6.22%
Net Margin	1.7%	3.1%	5.8%	0.2%	4.9%	8.1%	8.2%	6.5%	5.6%	5.2%	-43.0%	4.5%	4.6%	13.8%	10.7%	5.2%	6.0%	8.7%	5.5%	2.6%	2.64%
EBITDA Margin	19.1%	20.9%	16.8%	12.1%	21.6%	22.2%	20.8%	20.9%	18.0%	19.9%	12.5%	18.7%	19.2%	29.7%	27.1%	22.0%	17.2%	24.9%	18.9%	17.7%	17.67%
FCF Margin	2.5%	2.6%	2.4%	1.0%	2.9%	0.7%	-0.0%	4.2%	5.0%	4.2%	4.3%	4.9%	4.7%	9.2%	10.0%	8.3%	8.6%	9.2%	9.4%	14.6%	14.63%
OCF Margin	10.3%	11.1%	12.0%	10.5%	12.5%	11.8%	10.6%	13.3%	14.8%	13.6%	12.4%	13.0%	12.3%	16.4%	17.2%	16.8%	16.5%	16.0%	15.5%	19.1%	19.05%
ROE 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				2.11%
ROE 5Y Avg	snapshot only																				3.34%
ROA 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				1.06%
ROIC 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				2.14%
ROIC Economic	snapshot only																				5.99%
Cash ROA	snapshot only																				8.51%
Cash ROIC	snapshot only																				11.81%
CROIC	snapshot only																				9.06%
NOPAT Margin	snapshot only																				10.22%
Pretax Margin	snapshot only																				7.26%
R&D / Revenue	snapshot only																				2.96%
SGA / Revenue	snapshot only																				10.01%
SBC / Revenue	snapshot only																				0.35%

Valuation

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
P/E Ratio	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	40.334
P/S Ratio	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.333
P/B Ratio	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.149
P/FCF	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
P/OCF	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
EV/EBITDA	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
EV/Revenue	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
EV/EBIT	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
EV/FCF	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Earnings Yield	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
FCF Yield	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Graham Number	snapshot only																				$19.07

Leverage & Solvency

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
Current Ratio	1.27	1.18	1.03	1.06	1.03	0.97	0.99	1.03	0.94	0.90	0.85	0.89	0.84	0.86	0.80	0.87	0.83	0.91	0.96	0.83	0.833
Quick Ratio	0.95	0.89	0.78	0.79	0.76	0.71	0.74	0.73	0.67	0.68	0.61	0.61	0.59	0.63	0.58	0.60	0.59	0.69	0.77	0.65	0.651
Debt/Equity	0.72	0.70	0.76	0.79	0.80	0.75	0.72	0.74	0.73	0.69	0.73	0.76	0.74	0.78	0.71	0.69	0.66	0.63	0.61	0.59	0.594
Net Debt/Equity	0.63	0.59	0.67	0.74	0.75	0.70	0.67	0.70	0.69	0.66	0.69	0.72	0.70	0.72	0.65	0.66	0.63	0.54	0.51	0.49	0.489
Debt/Assets	0.31	0.30	0.32	0.33	0.34	0.32	0.31	0.32	0.32	0.31	0.31	0.33	0.32	0.33	0.31	0.31	0.30	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.288
Debt/EBITDA	4.10	3.95	5.22	4.57	4.16	5.20	4.75	3.10	4.21	4.00	4.05	4.37	4.17	3.96	3.08	2.92	2.90	2.92	3.20	3.27	3.273
Net Debt/EBITDA	3.61	3.29	4.63	4.28	3.92	4.90	4.44	2.96	3.98	3.84	3.84	4.18	3.94	3.63	2.82	2.77	2.74	2.51	2.66	2.69	2.694
Interest Coverage	2.10	2.18	2.50	2.08	2.27	2.44	2.60	2.99	2.78	2.53	2.41	2.30	2.34	3.20	3.72	3.77	5.03	4.26	3.58	3.38	3.378
Equity Multiplier	2.32	2.34	2.39	2.39	2.38	2.35	2.32	2.29	2.28	2.25	2.33	2.32	2.31	2.37	2.29	2.22	2.18	2.13	2.10	2.07	2.066
Cash Ratio	snapshot only																				0.214
Debt Service Coverage	snapshot only																				6.443
Cash to Debt	snapshot only																				0.177
FCF to Debt	snapshot only																				0.227
Defensive Interval	snapshot only																				502.9 days

Efficiency & Turnover

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
Asset Turnover	0.46	0.40	0.33	0.39	0.45	0.38	0.35	0.49	0.44	0.39	0.42	0.49	0.43	0.42	0.45	0.45	0.46	0.44	0.44	0.45	0.453
Inventory Turnover	4.49	3.83	3.73	4.63	5.69	4.76	4.62	5.94	5.30	4.87	5.41	5.67	5.08	5.69	5.83	5.44	5.70	6.28	6.71	6.50	6.496
Receivables Turnover	3.51	3.36	7.72	3.14	3.60	3.23	8.01	3.85	3.55	3.30	9.45	4.13	4.70	5.19	10.78	5.69	5.74	9.03	7.62	9.32	9.320
Payables Turnover	3.36	2.65	4.84	3.13	3.73	3.03	5.31	3.90	3.44	3.05	5.77	3.88	3.36	3.25	5.40	3.56	3.47	3.33	5.83	3.92	3.917
DSO	104	109	47	116	101	113	46	95	103	111	39	88	78	70	34	64	64	40	48	39	39.2 days
DIO	81	95	98	79	64	77	79	61	69	75	67	64	72	64	63	67	64	58	54	56	56.2 days
DPO	109	138	75	117	98	120	69	94	106	120	63	94	109	112	68	102	105	110	63	93	93.2 days
Cash Conversion Cycle	76	66	70	78	68	69	56	63	65	66	43	58	41	22	29	29	22	-11	40	2	2.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover	snapshot only																				1.333
Operating Cycle	snapshot only																				95.4 days
Cash Velocity	snapshot only																				8.778
Capital Intensity	snapshot only																				2.239

Growth (YoY)

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
Revenue	18.3%	13.5%	14.4%	10.3%	9.4%	12.9%	15.0%	19.9%	20.7%	20.0%	22.7%	15.0%	13.1%	12.8%	9.9%	9.0%	9.1%	6.7%	4.5%	5.5%	5.45%
Net Income	1.6%	4.3%	6.6%	-11.6%	0.0%	79.8%	61.6%	2.0%	1.4%	50.6%	-2.5%	-2.2%	-2.2%	-1.8%	2.3%	2.3%	2.3%	2.8%	-22.7%	-30.7%	-30.69%
EPS	1.0%	3.4%	5.9%	-17.9%	10.1%	85.0%	64.6%	2.0%	1.4%	50.2%	-2.5%	-2.2%	-2.2%	-1.8%	2.3%	2.3%	2.3%	2.7%	-23.2%	-28.2%	-28.20%
FCF	-73.4%	-64.5%	-64.8%	-69.7%	27.9%	-70.2%	-1.0%	4.0%	1.1%	6.2%	147.3%	33.8%	6.9%	1.5%	1.6%	84.0%	98.1%	7.6%	-1.5%	85.2%	85.21%
EBITDA	13.1%	17.8%	43.4%	1.6%	8.8%	13.0%	17.1%	47.2%	35.6%	27.9%	11.0%	-7.3%	-2.7%	14.9%	48.6%	56.0%	49.4%	20.4%	-9.9%	-15.9%	-15.90%
Op. Income	9.3%	13.6%	31.0%	-17.5%	3.8%	41.0%	64.5%	1.3%	73.3%	30.7%	-1.5%	-1.4%	-1.4%	-1.1%	4.9%	4.7%	5.3%	17.6%	-5.8%	-17.0%	-16.96%
OCF Growth	snapshot only																				19.54%
Asset Growth	snapshot only																				2.75%
Equity Growth	snapshot only																				10.23%
Debt Growth	snapshot only																				-5.65%
Shares Change	snapshot only																				-3.46%

Growth (CAGR)

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
Revenue 3Y	0.2%	-0.9%	-2.8%	-2.6%	-3.0%	-0.9%	3.8%	11.8%	16.0%	15.4%	17.3%	15.0%	14.3%	15.2%	15.8%	14.5%	14.2%	13.0%	12.1%	9.7%	9.74%
Revenue 5Y	2.5%	2.1%	2.3%	2.7%	3.3%	3.9%	4.3%	5.8%	5.8%	5.7%	5.3%	5.0%	4.5%	5.7%	8.6%	11.9%	14.0%	13.1%	13.1%	11.8%	11.81%
EPS 3Y	-36.5%	-37.2%	-32.8%	-39.3%	-34.0%	-25.2%	-14.6%	20.9%	73.2%	1.3%	—	—	—	—	49.7%	68.7%	54.9%	30.2%	16.1%	4.2%	4.24%
EPS 5Y	-17.5%	-20.6%	-16.6%	-21.7%	-17.9%	-14.6%	-13.7%	-9.0%	-7.8%	-7.2%	—	—	—	—	4.9%	22.7%	52.3%	78.4%	—	23.1%	23.12%
Net Income 3Y	-30.7%	-32.8%	-28.3%	-35.7%	-29.8%	-20.4%	-9.5%	28.4%	84.1%	1.4%	—	—	—	—	49.3%	69.2%	55.4%	30.8%	16.8%	3.3%	3.27%
Net Income 5Y	-13.1%	-17.4%	-13.5%	-19.1%	-15.1%	-11.7%	-10.7%	-5.9%	-4.6%	-3.8%	—	—	—	—	8.8%	27.5%	58.2%	84.7%	—	24.3%	24.28%
EBITDA 3Y	-4.2%	-2.5%	-3.4%	-7.5%	-8.2%	-6.9%	-1.5%	15.4%	18.6%	19.4%	23.1%	11.5%	12.8%	18.4%	24.6%	28.6%	25.4%	20.9%	14.1%	6.7%	6.75%
EBITDA 5Y	-0.1%	-0.1%	1.1%	0.2%	1.7%	1.7%	2.5%	5.8%	5.3%	6.0%	3.2%	1.5%	0.4%	3.5%	9.5%	17.3%	19.4%	18.7%	20.1%	12.7%	12.72%
Gross Profit 3Y	-3.0%	-3.1%	-3.0%	-3.5%	-4.3%	-2.8%	0.7%	11.3%	15.4%	16.0%	18.8%	13.7%	12.2%	12.7%	14.8%	15.3%	15.7%	14.8%	13.8%	10.8%	10.80%
Gross Profit 5Y	1.6%	1.1%	1.2%	0.8%	1.0%	1.4%	1.5%	3.5%	4.1%	4.2%	4.2%	3.5%	2.9%	3.7%	7.1%	11.8%	13.7%	14.0%	15.1%	12.8%	12.80%
Op. Income 3Y	-15.5%	-17.3%	-19.9%	-24.1%	-18.3%	-11.2%	-4.1%	13.0%	25.3%	27.9%	—	—	—	—	43.4%	51.8%	41.0%	26.4%	19.1%	7.9%	7.91%
Op. Income 5Y	-4.9%	-6.9%	-7.5%	-10.4%	-7.0%	-3.1%	-2.5%	1.5%	1.7%	0.8%	—	—	—	—	9.6%	16.9%	26.0%	26.4%	29.5%	19.1%	19.11%
FCF 3Y	-32.0%	-29.5%	-28.1%	-36.1%	—	-32.2%	—	-8.4%	-10.8%	-8.8%	-3.4%	26.9%	41.8%	74.4%	87.3%	1.3%	64.0%	1.7%	—	65.8%	65.85%
FCF 5Y	-16.4%	-7.1%	-20.7%	-27.4%	-16.5%	-38.0%	—	-3.0%	-3.5%	-5.6%	-0.9%	11.9%	—	40.8%	23.9%	13.6%	8.5%	15.2%	17.9%	47.4%	47.41%
OCF 3Y	-13.5%	-13.0%	-11.9%	-13.0%	3.9%	-5.2%	-12.1%	-1.1%	3.4%	7.8%	13.3%	20.0%	21.3%	31.3%	30.6%	34.1%	25.4%	25.3%	27.1%	23.9%	23.86%
OCF 5Y	-4.1%	0.8%	-4.8%	-3.4%	-1.3%	-3.1%	-1.7%	5.0%	4.2%	1.8%	0.1%	2.4%	8.6%	10.0%	8.2%	9.0%	8.7%	12.2%	15.7%	23.9%	23.89%
Assets 3Y	7.4%	5.0%	10.2%	0.7%	-0.1%	21.4%	20.5%	11.7%	23.8%	10.4%	4.0%	5.7%	12.0%	15.0%	5.4%	12.8%	15.0%	2.4%	2.3%	12.8%	12.81%
Assets 5Y	7.1%	7.1%	12.3%	7.4%	7.0%	13.4%	12.8%	6.1%	12.6%	10.7%	6.5%	6.3%	6.7%	14.1%	13.5%	14.3%	14.8%	7.2%	5.0%	5.6%	5.58%
Equity 3Y	12.1%	10.8%	19.8%	11.5%	10.5%	33.9%	37.1%	27.1%	39.8%	18.7%	10.4%	10.8%	12.1%	14.5%	6.9%	15.7%	18.4%	5.7%	5.7%	16.8%	16.81%
Book Value 3Y	2.7%	3.6%	12.3%	5.2%	3.8%	25.8%	29.4%	19.6%	31.6%	12.4%	6.1%	8.1%	15.6%	15.4%	7.1%	15.4%	17.9%	5.2%	5.1%	17.9%	17.91%
Dividend 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Growth Quality

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
Revenue Stability	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.12	0.34	0.58	0.50	0.49	0.37	0.42	0.39	0.54	0.79	0.96	0.99	0.99	0.98	0.99	0.988
Earnings Stability	0.31	0.43	0.48	0.64	0.51	0.46	0.40	0.29	0.15	0.09	0.56	0.45	0.36	0.29	0.00	0.01	0.03	0.06	0.18	0.08	0.080
Margin Stability	0.96	0.96	0.94	0.96	0.96	0.95	0.93	0.95	0.95	0.96	0.96	0.97	0.97	0.96	0.96	0.97	0.96	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.970
Rev. Growth Consistency	0.50	0.50	0.50	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.50	1.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.00	0.00	0.000
FCF Positive Streak	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Earnings Persistence	0.50	0.50	0.20	0.95	1.00	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.50	0.50	0.500
Earnings Smoothness	0.10	0.00	—	0.88	1.00	0.43	0.53	0.00	0.19	0.60	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.74	0.64	0.637
ROE Trend	-0.05	-0.06	-0.04	-0.03	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.02	-0.11	-0.13	-0.12	-0.09	0.10	0.08	0.09	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.048
Gross Margin Trend	-0.01	-0.00	0.01	-0.00	-0.01	-0.01	-0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.013
FCF Margin Trend	-0.02	-0.03	-0.04	-0.05	-0.04	-0.05	-0.05	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.07	0.08	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.08	0.080
Sustainable Growth Rate	4.8%	3.2%	3.4%	2.7%	3.8%	4.5%	4.6%	7.9%	7.1%	5.6%	—	—	—	—	8.9%	9.0%	9.2%	7.6%	6.1%	5.6%	5.57%
Internal Growth Rate	1.8%	1.3%	1.3%	1.1%	1.6%	2.0%	2.0%	3.5%	3.2%	2.5%	—	—	—	—	4.0%	4.1%	4.3%	3.5%	2.9%	2.7%	2.67%

Cash Flow Quality

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
OCF/Net Income	2.63	3.54	2.98	3.85	3.49	2.36	1.88	1.92	2.12	2.17	-1.75	-1.75	-1.67	-3.49	2.00	1.92	1.83	2.08	2.43	3.31	3.313
FCF/OCF	0.24	0.24	0.20	0.10	0.23	0.06	-0.00	0.32	0.34	0.31	0.34	0.38	0.38	0.56	0.58	0.50	0.52	0.58	0.61	0.77	0.768
FCF/Net Income	snapshot only																				2.544
OCF/EBITDA	snapshot only																				0.968
CapEx/Revenue	7.8%	8.5%	9.6%	9.4%	9.6%	11.1%	10.6%	9.0%	9.8%	9.4%	8.2%	8.0%	7.6%	7.3%	7.2%	8.5%	7.9%	6.8%	6.1%	4.4%	4.42%
CapEx/Depreciation	snapshot only																				0.473
Accruals Ratio	-0.03	-0.03	-0.03	-0.03	-0.04	-0.03	-0.02	-0.03	-0.03	-0.03	-0.08	-0.10	-0.08	-0.09	-0.04	-0.04	-0.03	-0.04	-0.04	-0.06	-0.060
Sloan Accruals	snapshot only																				-0.055
Cash Flow Adequacy	snapshot only																				4.307
Earnings Quality Score	snapshot only																				0.750

Dividends & Buybacks

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
Dividend Yield	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.00%
Dividend/Share	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00
Payout Ratio	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	—	—	—	—	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00%
FCF Payout Ratio	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	—	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00%
Total Payout Ratio	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	—	—	—	—	4.5%	2.3%	0.4%	0.9%	2.0%	15.8%	15.80%
Div. Increase Streak	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Chowder Number	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Buyback Yield	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Net Buyback Yield	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total Shareholder Return	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

DuPont Factors

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT)	1.03	0.99	0.93	0.99	0.80	0.81	0.78	0.80	0.87	0.87	0.78	0.79	0.83	0.84	0.79	0.78	0.77	0.75	0.78	0.79	0.792
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT)	0.43	0.34	0.43	0.33	0.48	0.63	0.66	0.68	0.68	0.63	-0.88	-0.95	-0.88	-0.44	0.72	0.72	0.79	0.77	0.72	0.70	0.704
EBIT Margin	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.08	0.09	0.10	0.11	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.13	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.11	0.10	0.103
Asset Turnover	0.46	0.40	0.33	0.39	0.45	0.38	0.35	0.49	0.44	0.39	0.42	0.49	0.43	0.42	0.45	0.45	0.46	0.44	0.44	0.45	0.453
Equity Multiplier	2.66	2.56	2.56	2.54	2.35	2.35	2.35	2.34	2.32	2.30	2.32	2.31	2.30	2.31	2.31	2.27	2.24	2.25	2.19	2.14	2.138

Per Share

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
EPS (Diluted TTM)	$0.33	$0.29	$0.38	$0.27	$0.37	$0.53	$0.62	$0.82	$0.86	$0.79	$-0.96	$-1.01	$-1.02	$-0.67	$1.26	$1.29	$1.36	$1.16	$0.97	$0.93	$0.93
Book Value/Share	$8.88	$9.51	$12.39	$9.95	$9.64	$13.74	$14.18	$10.65	$14.52	$14.57	$13.27	$13.58	$13.73	$14.61	$15.23	$15.28	$15.81	$16.01	$16.46	$17.45	$17.05
Tangible Book/Share	$1.16	$1.23	$0.66	$0.50	$0.41	$1.05	$1.44	$1.21	$1.84	$2.57	$2.99	$3.24	$3.46	$2.52	$3.18	$3.67	$4.07	$4.52	$5.00	$5.50	$5.50
Revenue/Share	$8.48	$9.11	$9.37	$9.90	$10.21	$10.58	$10.98	$11.85	$12.27	$12.67	$13.46	$13.62	$13.88	$14.25	$14.66	$14.74	$15.04	$15.07	$15.21	$16.10	$15.52
FCF/Share	$0.21	$0.24	$0.22	$0.10	$0.30	$0.07	$-0.00	$0.50	$0.61	$0.53	$0.58	$0.67	$0.66	$1.30	$1.46	$1.23	$1.29	$1.39	$1.43	$2.36	$2.29
OCF/Share	$0.87	$1.01	$1.12	$1.04	$1.27	$1.25	$1.16	$1.57	$1.82	$1.72	$1.67	$1.77	$1.71	$2.34	$2.52	$2.48	$2.48	$2.42	$2.35	$3.07	$2.98
Cash/Share	$0.77	$1.12	$1.07	$0.50	$0.46	$0.60	$0.68	$0.36	$0.57	$0.39	$0.50	$0.45	$0.56	$0.95	$0.91	$0.53	$0.56	$1.44	$1.71	$1.83	$1.77
EBITDA/Share	$1.55	$1.70	$1.80	$1.72	$1.85	$1.97	$2.15	$2.53	$2.50	$2.52	$2.38	$2.35	$2.44	$2.88	$3.51	$3.64	$3.62	$3.44	$3.14	$3.17	$3.17
Debt/Share	$6.35	$6.70	$9.41	$7.89	$7.72	$10.26	$10.22	$7.85	$10.55	$10.06	$9.66	$10.27	$10.17	$11.43	$10.81	$10.61	$10.47	$10.06	$10.07	$10.37	$10.37
Net Debt/Share	$5.59	$5.58	$8.34	$7.38	$7.26	$9.65	$9.54	$7.49	$9.98	$9.67	$9.16	$9.82	$9.61	$10.48	$9.89	$10.08	$9.92	$8.62	$8.36	$8.54	$8.54

Academic Models

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
Altman Z-Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Piotroski F-Score	8	7	6	4	5	5	7	7	6	6	3	4	4	4	7	7	7	8	6	7	7
Beneish M-Score	-2.30	-2.64	-2.30	-2.43	-2.60	-2.11	-2.36	-2.57	-2.22	-2.63	-2.72	-2.68	-2.94	-2.91	-2.73	-2.72	-2.50	-2.78	-2.64	-3.23	-3.226
Ohlson O-Score	snapshot only																				-7.789
ROIC (Greenblatt)	snapshot only																				15.60%
Net-Net WC	snapshot only																				$-11.24
EVA	snapshot only																				$-295330651.25

Credit

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'27	Current
Credit Rating	snapshot only																				BBB-
Credit Score	47.85	48.60	44.30	45.30	45.90	42.95	43.05	48.30	45.45	46.95	45.45	45.45	45.45	51.60	50.25	53.10	56.85	53.10	51.60	53.10	53.100
Credit Grade	snapshot only																				10
Credit Trend	snapshot only																				0.000
Implied Spread (bps)	snapshot only																				350.000

CAE NASDAQ

Analyst Insights

Financial Rating

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Risk & Quality Signals

Valuation

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Profitability Trends

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Earnings Stability

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Workforce & Productivity

Scaling Efficiency

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