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Also trades as: CGEAF (OTC) · $vol 0M

CCA.TO TSX

Cogeco Communications Inc.
1W: -4.3% 1M: -11.8% 3M: -18.4% YTD: -22.9% 1Y: -15.9% 3Y: -4.9% 5Y: -44.6%
C$52.14 ($36.59)
+0.19 (+0.37%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.8%
C$48 C$50 C$52 C$54 C$56
TSX · Communication Services · Telecommunications Services · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 30 · C$2.2B mcap · 42M float · 0.333% daily turnover

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 0Hold: 2Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusHold
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. CCA.TO receives an overall rating of C. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5). Areas of concern: ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-07-22 B C
2026-07-02 B+ B
2026-04-01 B B+
2026-03-30 B+ B
2026-03-02 B B+
2026-02-24 B+ B
2026-02-20 B B+
2026-02-19 B+ B
2026-01-30 B B+
2026-01-26 B+ B

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 16 Grade D
Profitability
37
Balance Sheet
11
Earnings Quality
36
Growth
29
Value
40
Momentum
32
Safety
15
Cash Flow
29
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. CCA.TO scores highest in Value (40/100) and lowest in Balance Sheet (11/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
0.12
Distress Zone
Piotroski F-Score
4/9
✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-3.40
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-5.36
Bankruptcy prob: 0.5%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
B-
Score: 20.6/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -0.84x
Accruals: -23.5%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. CCA.TO scores 0.12, placing it in the Distress Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Historically, companies in this range face elevated bankruptcy risk. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. CCA.TO scores 4/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. CCA.TO's score of -3.40 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. CCA.TO's implied 0.5% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. CCA.TO receives an estimated rating of B- (score: 20.6/100), with a deteriorating trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-1.97x
PEG
0.00x
P/S
0.78x
P/B
1.18x
P/FCF
7.58x
P/OCF
3.03x
EV/EBITDA
-8.68x
EV/Revenue
2.57x
EV/EBIT
-4.81x
EV/FCF
19.38x
Earnings Yield
-39.31%
FCF Yield
13.19%
Shareholder Yield
6.11%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. CCA.TO currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.630
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.174
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
-0.535
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.323
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.488
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-44.6%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. CCA.TO's ROE of -44.6% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.49x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$52.46
Median 1Y
$48.50
5th Pctile
$31.77
95th Pctile
$74.03
Ann. Volatility
26.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
ROE 17.1% 16.7% 16.6% 16.6% 16.4% 16.1% 15.3% 14.8% 13.7% 12.7% 12.6% 11.6% 11.3% 11.4% 10.7% 10.7% 10.5% 9.8% 9.9% -44.6% -44.62%
ROA 5.7% 5.1% 5.1% 5.2% 5.1% 4.6% 4.5% 4.4% 4.1% 3.9% 3.8% 3.5% 3.5% 3.6% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.2% 3.2% -12.8% -12.79%
ROIC 7.9% 6.2% 6.3% 8.2% 8.7% 8.6% 8.5% 8.7% 8.6% 8.6% 8.4% 10.3% 10.3% 9.8% 9.3% 7.7% 7.6% 7.3% 7.4% 9.2% 9.25%
ROCE 10.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.9% 8.9% 8.8% 8.6% 8.3% 8.3% 8.3% 8.1% 8.1% 8.3% 8.2% 7.8% 7.7% 7.7% 7.5% 7.6% -22.1% -22.07%
Gross Margin 63.7% 64.1% 63.4% 63.8% 99.8% 64.8% 64.9% 30.9% 30.5% 31.5% 83.6% 49.4% 30.0% 1.0% 28.4% 1.0% 30.8% 30.8% 29.4% 1.0% 1.00%
Operating Margin 25.2% 23.3% 27.2% 24.9% 26.8% 28.0% 27.1% 26.9% 26.7% 26.8% 25.3% 48.7% 25.1% 25.6% 23.7% 24.7% 26.1% 25.7% 24.9% 27.5% 27.52%
Net Margin 15.2% 14.9% 15.3% 13.8% 14.5% 14.6% 13.4% 12.9% 11.6% 12.0% 12.8% 9.4% 11.0% 13.6% 10.2% 9.6% 10.9% 12.5% 11.5% -1.9% -1.95%
EBITDA Margin 46.4% 45.8% 47.9% 47.4% 46.1% 48.2% 47.7% 47.4% 45.3% 45.7% 47.5% 48.7% 46.7% 50.8% 48.4% 46.8% 48.8% 50.0% 48.2% -2.7% -2.68%
FCF Margin 17.0% 17.1% 8.7% 9.0% 9.7% 3.2% 7.5% 3.4% 3.4% 7.5% 8.8% 13.1% 16.1% 15.4% 16.2% 20.0% 18.3% 17.0% 15.7% 13.3% 13.27%
OCF Margin 40.6% 40.8% 41.2% 42.8% 42.8% 39.0% 36.2% 33.7% 32.3% 33.9% 36.7% 38.3% 39.5% 39.0% 37.9% 40.4% 39.1% 38.0% 35.7% 33.2% 33.21%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only -12.71%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only -1.67%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only -2.68%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.68%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 9.22%
Cash ROA snapshot only 12.44%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 14.92%
CROIC snapshot only 5.96%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 20.58%
Pretax Margin snapshot only -62.84%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 12.92%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.20%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
P/E Ratio 11.05 9.36 9.52 9.81 7.40 6.81 6.48 6.02 6.61 5.58 6.28 5.96 7.57 8.06 8.17 8.72 8.34 9.34 9.71 -2.54 -1.973
P/S Ratio 1.77 1.44 1.44 1.45 1.08 0.99 0.91 0.83 0.87 0.70 0.77 0.68 0.85 0.94 0.90 0.97 0.92 1.01 1.08 1.01 0.781
P/B Ratio 1.84 1.52 1.52 1.54 1.14 1.02 0.94 0.85 0.88 0.69 0.78 0.68 0.85 0.90 0.84 0.91 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.53 1.184
P/FCF 10.39 8.40 16.67 16.14 11.18 31.10 12.19 24.75 25.90 9.22 8.80 5.22 5.31 6.12 5.57 4.84 5.05 5.93 6.89 7.58 7.581
P/OCF 4.35 3.53 3.50 3.38 2.53 2.54 2.52 2.47 2.69 2.05 2.11 1.78 2.16 2.41 2.38 2.39 2.36 2.65 3.03 3.03 3.030
EV/EBITDA 6.11 6.58 6.60 6.37 5.48 5.34 5.25 5.13 5.17 4.88 5.19 4.94 5.19 5.32 5.26 5.20 5.06 5.36 5.51 -8.68 -8.679
EV/Revenue 2.93 3.08 3.09 2.99 2.57 2.53 2.48 2.43 2.44 2.27 2.41 2.31 2.45 2.58 2.56 2.51 2.46 2.60 2.67 2.57 2.573
EV/EBIT 10.65 11.79 11.89 11.72 10.12 9.73 9.65 9.36 9.45 9.06 9.69 9.22 9.94 10.20 10.36 10.61 10.23 10.94 11.10 -4.81 -4.805
EV/FCF 17.21 17.99 35.65 33.34 26.58 79.61 33.23 72.20 72.67 30.10 27.36 17.69 15.24 16.74 15.82 12.53 13.47 15.27 17.00 19.38 19.381
Earnings Yield 9.1% 10.7% 10.5% 10.2% 13.5% 14.7% 15.4% 16.6% 15.1% 17.9% 15.9% 16.8% 13.2% 12.4% 12.2% 11.5% 12.0% 10.7% 10.3% -39.3% -39.31%
FCF Yield 9.6% 11.9% 6.0% 6.2% 8.9% 3.2% 8.2% 4.0% 3.9% 10.8% 11.4% 19.2% 18.8% 16.3% 17.9% 20.7% 19.8% 16.9% 14.5% 13.2% 13.19%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.004
EV/OCF snapshot only 7.747
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 5.401
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 9.876
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 6.11%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.87 0.86 0.84 0.56 0.53 0.68 0.71 1.09 1.09 0.59 0.55 0.41 0.28 0.37 0.46 0.49 0.47 0.40 0.47 0.47 0.469
Quick Ratio 0.64 0.86 0.84 0.56 0.53 0.68 0.71 1.09 1.09 0.59 0.55 0.33 0.28 0.37 0.46 0.49 0.47 0.40 0.47 0.47 0.469
Debt/Equity 1.36 1.89 1.80 1.72 1.70 1.74 1.75 1.76 1.71 1.58 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.59 1.59 1.53 1.44 1.44 1.42 2.42 2.418
Net Debt/Equity 1.21 1.73 1.74 1.64 1.57 1.60 1.62 1.63 1.58 1.56 1.65 1.63 1.59 1.56 1.55 1.45 1.42 1.42 1.40 2.38 2.376
Debt/Assets 0.45 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.50 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.60 0.597
Debt/EBITDA 2.72 3.84 3.65 3.46 3.45 3.55 3.57 3.63 3.59 3.45 3.58 3.52 3.44 3.44 3.50 3.36 3.21 3.32 3.32 -5.38 -5.377
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.42 3.51 3.51 3.29 3.17 3.25 3.32 3.37 3.33 3.38 3.52 3.49 3.38 3.38 3.41 3.19 3.16 3.28 3.28 -5.28 -5.284
Interest Coverage 5.42 5.00 4.70 4.36 3.96 3.86 3.51 3.23 2.99 2.75 2.64 2.61 2.69 2.73 2.70 2.63 2.58 2.59 2.63 -5.91 -5.912
Equity Multiplier 3.04 3.60 3.47 3.39 3.37 3.37 3.36 3.36 3.30 3.16 3.27 3.29 3.25 3.20 3.20 3.16 3.07 3.04 3.00 4.05 4.049
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.113
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only -3.273
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.017
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.083
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.35 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.32 0.323
Inventory Turnover 11.43 — — — 9.27 — — — — — — 72.63 — — — 49.83 — — — — —
Receivables Turnover 34.59 27.13 23.29 28.93 36.64 25.65 22.45 25.38 34.25 25.33 22.63 25.73 34.31 24.72 22.50 26.38 35.97 21.46 18.66 20.52 20.520
Payables Turnover 4.05 3.23 3.62 3.57 2.43 2.31 2.62 3.22 4.45 5.67 5.53 4.76 4.52 3.33 4.73 2.99 2.74 4.56 4.87 4.26 4.263
DSO 11 13 16 13 10 14 16 14 11 14 16 14 11 15 16 14 10 17 20 18 17.8 days
DIO 32 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 90 113 101 102 150 158 139 113 82 64 66 77 81 109 77 122 133 80 75 86 85.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -48 -99 -85 -89 -101 -144 -123 -99 -71 -50 -50 -57 -70 -95 -61 -101 -123 -63 -55 -68 -67.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 0.905
Cash Velocity snapshot only 36.299
Capital Intensity snapshot only 2.669
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue 5.3% 8.0% 9.7% 13.1% 15.5% 12.8% 9.2% 5.6% 2.9% 0.9% 0.4% 0.2% -0.3% -0.1% 0.2% -0.8% -2.2% -3.0% -4.4% -4.9% -4.86%
Net Income 7.0% 1.0% 4.8% 4.6% 5.4% 6.5% 1.2% -0.9% -7.3% -13.5% -11.9% -17.2% -14.5% -6.4% -10.4% -3.8% -3.9% -10.4% -3.5% -4.4% -4.39%
EPS 9.6% 3.5% 7.9% 7.4% 6.5% 9.5% 5.5% 3.6% -2.7% -11.1% -7.1% -12.8% -10.3% -1.6% -10.4% -4.5% -4.5% -10.7% -3.4% -4.4% -4.43%
FCF -1.6% -15.8% -55.5% -50.2% -34.4% -79.1% -5.7% -60.3% -64.3% 1.4% 18.2% 2.9% 3.8% 1.0% 84.0% 51.6% 11.4% 7.2% -7.2% -36.8% -36.84%
EBITDA 3.2% 2.6% 5.5% 9.8% 12.9% 14.1% 10.4% 6.6% 3.6% -1.0% -1.5% -0.9% -0.2% 4.1% 4.9% 2.1% 0.9% -2.9% -4.8% -1.6% -1.59%
Op. Income -15.3% -21.6% -21.9% 25.9% 34.6% 48.2% 43.6% 14.1% 9.4% 1.4% -0.6% 17.8% 16.0% 16.4% 17.1% -23.0% -22.5% -22.4% -21.5% -0.0% -0.01%
OCF Growth snapshot only -21.82%
Asset Growth snapshot only -24.09%
Equity Growth snapshot only -40.83%
Debt Growth snapshot only -6.36%
Shares Change snapshot only -1.16%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 8.29%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 1.2% 1.3% 2.7% 4.7% 6.5% 7.9% 8.0% 7.9% 7.8% 7.1% 6.3% 6.2% 5.8% 4.4% 3.2% 1.7% 0.1% -0.7% -1.3% -1.8% -1.83%
Revenue 5Y 2.9% 3.6% 4.3% 4.8% 5.4% 5.7% 5.4% 4.8% 4.2% 3.4% 3.5% 4.0% 4.4% 4.8% 4.8% 4.5% 4.1% 3.6% 2.9% 2.5% 2.48%
EPS 3Y 6.9% 7.6% 16.2% 3.9% 2.8% 2.7% -0.4% 6.2% 4.3% 0.3% 1.9% -1.0% -2.4% -1.4% -4.2% -4.8% -5.9% -7.9% -7.0% — —
EPS 5Y — — — 7.9% 8.7% 9.2% 4.9% 5.7% 4.8% 3.9% 9.0% 0.3% -1.0% -1.1% -3.8% -0.0% -0.5% -2.4% -1.7% — —
Net Income 3Y 5.0% 5.6% 13.8% 1.5% 0.6% -0.1% -3.5% 3.2% 1.5% -2.4% -2.2% -5.0% -5.8% -4.8% -7.2% -7.6% -8.7% -10.1% -8.7% — —
Net Income 5Y — — — 6.5% 7.2% 7.3% 2.7% 3.4% 2.5% 1.7% 5.6% -3.0% -4.2% -4.2% -6.7% -2.6% -3.0% -4.8% -4.2% — —
EBITDA 3Y 3.9% 3.9% 4.3% 5.8% 7.2% 7.7% 7.0% 6.9% 6.5% 5.0% 4.7% 5.1% 5.3% 5.5% 4.5% 2.6% 1.4% -0.0% -0.5% — —
EBITDA 5Y 4.4% 4.6% 5.2% 5.5% 6.2% 6.8% 6.8% 6.2% 5.6% 4.8% 4.3% 4.6% 4.9% 5.2% 4.8% 4.3% 4.0% 3.2% 2.8% — —
Gross Profit 3Y 0.9% 3.0% 3.8% 5.0% 12.3% 13.0% 13.3% 8.7% -2.6% -9.5% -8.6% -7.2% -2.1% 5.0% -3.8% 2.0% -3.5% -13.8% -14.1% -11.5% -11.45%
Gross Profit 5Y 2.6% 4.3% 4.9% 5.4% 8.8% 9.2% 9.1% 6.2% -0.9% -5.3% -3.4% -1.3% -0.7% 5.5% 0.7% 4.9% 4.1% -2.7% -4.3% -5.9% -5.87%
Op. Income 3Y -0.2% -2.1% -2.3% 5.2% 6.0% 7.2% 7.6% 8.3% 7.6% 5.6% 3.7% 19.2% 19.5% 20.5% 18.7% 1.2% -0.6% -2.9% -3.0% -3.2% -3.20%
Op. Income 5Y 3.0% 1.7% 1.8% 6.0% 6.9% 8.2% 8.1% 8.2% 7.9% 7.1% 5.9% 9.4% 8.6% 7.8% 7.7% 2.9% 2.3% 1.2% 0.5% 5.5% 5.45%
FCF 3Y 42.9% 45.2% 12.2% -1.0% -6.8% -41.3% -22.7% -40.2% -38.7% -25.0% -20.9% -8.4% 3.8% 0.7% 27.1% 32.8% 23.9% 73.5% 26.4% 55.1% 55.09%
FCF 5Y 9.0% 4.7% -11.2% -12.1% -11.9% -25.6% -8.3% -18.2% -7.3% 8.9% 9.5% 8.4% 6.7% -0.3% 0.1% 4.8% 4.2% -1.6% -3.3% -5.9% -5.94%
OCF 3Y 13.7% 15.4% 18.0% 16.7% 17.0% 7.7% 4.0% 1.1% 1.6% -0.2% 2.5% 4.7% 4.9% 2.8% 0.3% -0.3% -2.8% -1.5% -1.8% -2.3% -2.34%
OCF 5Y 6.5% 6.6% 6.5% 6.6% 5.3% 6.5% 5.8% 5.8% 6.8% 7.7% 9.9% 8.5% 8.7% 4.7% 3.4% 4.3% 4.4% 1.6% 0.1% -1.2% -1.25%
Assets 3Y 0.8% 7.0% 7.4% 9.2% 10.1% 11.1% 11.2% 11.0% 12.8% 11.5% 11.0% 11.7% 9.6% 3.6% 4.5% 3.2% 1.5% 0.7% 0.2% -8.5% -8.50%
Assets 5Y 6.6% 10.8% 11.0% 10.9% 11.6% 12.6% 6.0% 6.8% 6.4% 5.4% 6.0% 7.3% 6.8% 7.2% 7.7% 6.6% 7.3% 7.4% 6.6% 1.3% 1.30%
Equity 3Y 7.1% 6.5% 7.1% 6.7% 7.7% 8.1% 8.3% 8.5% 9.3% 8.7% 7.4% 8.2% 7.3% 7.7% 7.4% 5.7% 4.7% 4.3% 4.0% -14.0% -13.98%
Book Value 3Y 9.1% 8.5% 9.4% 9.2% 10.1% 11.1% 11.8% 11.7% 12.3% 11.6% 11.9% 12.7% 11.1% 11.6% 10.9% 8.9% 7.9% 6.8% 6.0% -12.3% -12.35%
Dividend 3Y 4.5% -5.8% 4.7% 4.8% 4.6% 25.6% 5.5% 5.1% 4.9% -2.7% 6.3% 6.1% 5.4% 4.9% 4.8% 4.9% 5.3% 5.1% 4.3% 4.2% 4.23%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.77 0.61 0.72 0.76 0.77 0.84 0.86 0.81 0.74 0.69 0.79 0.86 0.86 0.88 0.87 0.80 0.66 0.56 0.47 0.37 0.375
Earnings Stability 0.56 0.58 0.53 0.79 0.71 0.67 0.25 0.70 0.28 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.30 0.60 0.75 0.35 0.45 0.69 0.73 0.48 0.477
Margin Stability 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.85 0.79 0.82 0.86 0.82 0.79 0.81 0.89 0.81 0.76 0.77 0.81 0.814
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.97 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.94 0.97 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.99 0.20 0.200
Earnings Smoothness 0.93 0.99 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.99 0.99 0.92 0.86 0.87 0.81 0.84 0.93 0.89 0.96 0.96 0.89 0.96 — —
ROE Trend -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.71 -0.710
Gross Margin Trend -0.02 -0.00 -0.02 -0.04 0.10 0.08 0.07 -0.03 -0.19 -0.29 -0.25 -0.16 -0.12 0.09 -0.07 0.08 0.17 -0.05 0.00 -0.09 -0.089
FCF Margin Trend 0.01 -0.04 -0.12 -0.11 -0.08 -0.16 -0.08 -0.11 -0.10 -0.03 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.03 -0.03 -0.033
Sustainable Growth Rate 12.0% 12.9% 11.5% 11.5% 11.4% 9.9% 10.4% 9.9% 8.9% 7.9% 7.7% 6.7% 6.4% 6.6% 5.8% 5.7% 5.5% 4.8% 4.9% — —
Internal Growth Rate 4.1% 4.1% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 2.9% 3.1% 3.0% 2.7% 2.5% 2.4% 2.0% 2.0% 2.1% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% 1.6% 1.6% — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 2.54 2.65 2.72 2.90 2.93 2.68 2.58 2.44 2.45 2.72 2.98 3.34 3.50 3.34 3.43 3.64 3.53 3.53 3.21 -0.84 -0.839
FCF/OCF 0.42 0.42 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.08 0.21 0.10 0.10 0.22 0.24 0.34 0.41 0.39 0.43 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.40 0.400
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.336
CapEx/Revenue 23.6% 23.6% 32.5% 33.9% 33.1% 35.8% 28.7% 30.4% 28.9% 26.3% 27.9% 25.2% 23.4% 23.6% 21.7% 20.4% 20.8% 21.0% 20.0% 19.9% 19.94%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.834
Accruals Ratio -0.09 -0.08 -0.09 -0.10 -0.10 -0.08 -0.07 -0.06 -0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.08 -0.09 -0.08 -0.08 -0.09 -0.08 -0.08 -0.07 -0.24 -0.235
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.070
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.291
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Dividend Yield 2.7% 2.4% 3.2% 3.1% 4.1% 5.7% 5.0% 5.5% 5.3% 6.8% 6.2% 7.1% 5.7% 5.2% 5.6% 5.3% 5.8% 5.4% 5.2% 5.8% 7.57%
Dividend/Share $2.58 $1.93 $2.68 $2.75 $2.80 $3.61 $2.99 $3.06 $3.12 $3.16 $3.34 $3.40 $3.44 $3.45 $3.50 $3.57 $3.64 $3.71 $3.77 $3.87 $3.95
Payout Ratio 30.1% 22.5% 30.6% 30.8% 30.7% 38.6% 32.3% 33.1% 35.2% 38.0% 38.9% 42.2% 43.3% 42.1% 45.4% 46.4% 48.0% 50.7% 50.6% — —
FCF Payout Ratio 28.4% 20.2% 53.5% 50.7% 46.4% 1.8% 60.7% 1.4% 1.4% 62.8% 54.5% 36.9% 30.4% 32.0% 31.0% 25.7% 29.1% 32.2% 35.9% 43.6% 43.63%
Total Payout Ratio 62.9% 63.4% 66.8% 62.2% 58.7% 68.4% 73.7% 67.5% 62.4% 55.2% 72.1% 78.0% 78.0% 75.7% 47.0% 48.0% 48.0% 50.7% 53.8% — —
Div. Increase Streak 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number 0.11 -0.18 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.88 0.12 0.12 0.12 -0.08 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.128
Buyback Yield 3.0% 4.4% 3.8% 3.2% 3.8% 4.4% 6.4% 5.7% 4.1% 3.1% 5.3% 6.0% 4.6% 4.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.4% 0.36%
Net Buyback Yield 2.9% 4.3% 3.7% 3.1% 3.6% 4.2% 6.2% 5.6% 4.0% 2.9% 5.2% 6.0% 4.6% 4.1% 0.1% 0.1% -0.1% -0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.04%
Total Shareholder Return 5.6% 6.7% 7.0% 6.2% 7.8% 9.9% 11.2% 11.1% 9.3% 9.7% 11.4% 13.1% 10.3% 9.3% 5.6% 5.4% 5.6% 5.1% 5.2% 5.8% 5.79%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.71 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.77 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.63 0.630
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.82 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.69 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.61 1.17 1.174
EBIT Margin 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 -0.54 -0.535
Asset Turnover 0.35 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.32 0.323
Equity Multiplier 3.02 3.27 3.23 3.20 3.22 3.48 3.42 3.38 3.34 3.26 3.32 3.32 3.27 3.18 3.23 3.22 3.15 3.12 3.10 3.49 3.488
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $8.55 $8.55 $8.77 $8.92 $9.11 $9.37 $9.26 $9.24 $8.86 $8.33 $8.60 $8.05 $7.95 $8.19 $7.71 $7.70 $7.59 $7.31 $7.45 $-26.42 $-26.42
Book Value/Share $51.41 $52.80 $54.86 $56.95 $59.18 $62.26 $63.83 $65.38 $66.79 $67.57 $69.08 $70.49 $70.57 $73.34 $74.73 $73.55 $74.38 $75.95 $75.92 $44.03 $47.60
Tangible Book/Share $-38.34 $-57.86 $-61.77 $-59.66 $-60.29 $-61.67 $-62.83 $-65.49 $-63.72 $-62.47 $-67.17 $-71.59 $-70.22 $-70.65 $-71.31 $-67.40 $-66.25 $-66.13 $-63.79 $-47.97 $-47.97
Revenue/Share $53.44 $55.56 $57.87 $60.40 $62.40 $64.44 $65.85 $66.74 $67.38 $66.80 $69.70 $70.40 $70.49 $70.15 $69.86 $69.39 $68.50 $67.78 $66.95 $66.79 $66.79
FCF/Share $9.09 $9.52 $5.01 $5.42 $6.02 $2.05 $4.92 $2.25 $2.26 $5.04 $6.14 $9.21 $11.32 $10.80 $11.30 $13.87 $12.53 $11.52 $10.50 $8.87 $8.87
OCF/Share $21.69 $22.66 $23.85 $25.87 $26.68 $25.11 $23.85 $22.52 $21.74 $22.62 $25.59 $26.94 $27.83 $27.35 $26.46 $28.04 $26.78 $25.79 $23.87 $22.18 $22.18
Cash/Share $7.78 $8.71 $3.81 $4.94 $7.98 $8.92 $7.87 $8.21 $8.19 $1.90 $1.91 $1.29 $1.81 $2.16 $3.20 $5.65 $1.77 $1.53 $1.28 $1.84 $1.84
EBITDA/Share $25.61 $26.04 $27.10 $28.34 $29.21 $30.55 $31.18 $31.59 $31.76 $31.07 $32.39 $32.96 $33.25 $33.99 $33.99 $33.43 $33.35 $32.86 $32.42 $-19.80 $-19.80
Debt/Share $69.75 $99.98 $99.01 $98.08 $100.72 $108.35 $111.46 $114.81 $113.88 $107.07 $115.89 $116.19 $114.25 $116.87 $119.01 $112.36 $107.22 $109.18 $107.48 $106.46 $106.46
Net Debt/Share $61.97 $91.27 $95.19 $93.14 $92.74 $99.43 $103.59 $106.60 $105.68 $105.17 $113.98 $114.90 $112.45 $114.70 $115.81 $106.72 $105.45 $107.65 $106.20 $104.62 $104.62
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.124
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only -0.751
Piotroski F-Score 7 5 5 4 6 8 7 6 6 6 7 7 6 6 5 6 6 5 7 4 4
Beneish M-Score -2.37 -5.18 -2.60 -2.45 -2.68 -2.80 -2.46 -1.77 -1.13 -2.13 -3.10 -3.36 -4.48 -3.21 -5.34 -6.79 -2.81 -1.59 -2.72 -3.40 -3.402
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -5.361
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-123.07
EVA snapshot only $-47013160.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only B-
Credit Score 47.53 35.93 36.69 34.63 35.75 34.28 33.88 40.08 35.49 29.57 30.70 29.33 28.87 29.38 28.96 29.91 29.61 30.51 29.43 20.58 20.579
Credit Grade snapshot only 16
Credit Trend snapshot only -9.328
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 900.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 11
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 12

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