— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: CODAF (OTC) · $vol 0M

CDA.AX ASX

Codan Limited
1W: +29.1% 1M: +44.5% 3M: +54.4% YTD: +88.4% 1Y: +126.3% 3Y: +756.0% 5Y: +437.0%
A$68.75 ($47.79)
+1.30 (+1.93%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±12.6%
A$51 A$59 A$67 A$76 A$84
ASX · Technology · Hardware, Equipment & Parts · Tech Score Strong Buy · Power 67 · A$12.3B mcap · 111M float · 0.524% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
2
P/E
1
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. CDA.AX receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (2/5), P/E (1/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B+ B
2026-08-11 B B+
2026-07-01 B+ B
2026-04-30 B B+
2026-04-01 B+ B
2026-02-20 B B+
2026-01-03 B+ B

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 85 Grade A+
Profitability
91
Balance Sheet
75
Earnings Quality
66
Growth
82
Value
39
Momentum
100
Safety
100
Cash Flow
93
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. CDA.AX scores highest in Safety (100/100) and lowest in Value (39/100). An overall grade of A+ places CDA.AX among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
20.09
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.74
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-11.13
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA+
Score: 93.7/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 1.42x
Accruals: -14.0%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. CDA.AX scores 20.09, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. CDA.AX scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. CDA.AX's score of -2.74 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. CDA.AX's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. CDA.AX receives an estimated rating of AA+ (score: 93.7/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). CDA.AX's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
70.83x
PEG
1.04x
P/S
14.13x
P/B
20.33x
P/FCF
21.30x
P/OCF
20.37x
EV/EBITDA
20.06x
EV/Revenue
5.21x
EV/EBIT
20.76x
EV/FCF
21.32x
Earnings Yield
3.46%
FCF Yield
4.69%
Shareholder Yield
1.35%
Graham Number
$10.69
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 70.8x earnings, CDA.AX is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $10.69 per share, 531% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.753
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.952
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.251
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.847
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.589
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
52.8%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. CDA.AX's ROE of 52.8% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.847), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$58.72
Price/Value
0.75x
Margin of Safety
24.83%
Premium
-24.83%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with CDA.AX's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. CDA.AX actually compounded EPS at 36.1% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. CDA.AX trades at a -25% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $58.72, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 70.8x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$67.45
Median 1Y
$91.78
5th Pctile
$42.74
95th Pctile
$197.10
Ann. Volatility
46.6%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 31.9% 40.2% 45.7% 52.0% 48.5% 46.4% 51.2% 50.3% 55.5% 59.9% 62.1% 62.1% 56.2% 47.4% 41.8% 36.6% 37.6% 39.7% 44.7% 52.8% 52.79%
ROA 20.7% 26.7% 30.8% 36.5% 36.8% 34.4% 36.8% 36.1% 41.1% 39.7% 40.0% 40.5% 35.8% 28.2% 24.3% 21.9% 21.6% 23.1% 26.4% 33.2% 33.22%
ROIC 33.0% 46.7% 44.1% 54.7% 47.7% 50.7% 49.0% 62.7% 73.1% 49.4% 45.4% 46.6% 40.4% 34.8% 30.6% 28.9% 27.1% 28.8% 30.5% 45.0% 45.01%
ROCE 38.7% 50.8% 52.8% 58.8% 56.3% 53.3% 52.7% 54.7% 61.1% 60.8% 57.4% 57.9% 49.7% 41.1% 35.2% 33.3% 31.1% 36.8% 42.3% 56.2% 56.24%
Gross Margin 61.6% 59.1% 57.7% 57.0% 57.5% 45.6% 48.3% 49.8% 48.2% 50.8% 50.2% 49.7% 48.2% 47.6% 48.1% 55.9% 56.4% 56.0% 52.4% 54.0% 53.99%
Operating Margin 29.1% 26.1% 22.4% 24.3% 23.7% 23.3% 25.7% 30.3% 31.4% 32.6% 27.6% 27.0% 20.3% 20.0% 20.5% 21.1% 21.7% 16.0% 25.4% 29.6% 29.58%
Net Margin 21.4% 17.4% 16.7% 19.1% 17.2% 16.5% 17.8% 18.9% 21.2% 20.2% 19.5% 20.3% 14.6% 15.1% 14.3% 15.2% 15.1% 15.6% 18.1% 21.6% 21.60%
EBITDA Margin 31.4% 24.6% 25.7% 25.9% 25.8% 23.8% 26.7% 27.6% 32.6% 29.4% 27.6% 29.0% 21.5% 20.7% 21.7% 22.8% 23.0% 23.2% 26.5% 29.6% 29.58%
FCF Margin 27.8% 29.0% 25.7% 25.5% 20.1% 18.2% 21.2% 20.6% 23.0% 24.1% 15.2% 13.3% 8.4% 5.0% 9.9% 10.8% 13.6% 17.6% 18.2% 24.4% 24.44%
OCF Margin 29.8% 31.2% 27.8% 27.1% 21.9% 22.0% 26.5% 26.8% 29.7% 30.0% 20.8% 19.4% 15.9% 13.7% 19.1% 18.5% 18.8% 20.7% 19.6% 25.6% 25.56%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 43.68%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 44.10%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 27.47%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 35.89%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 43.61%
Cash ROA snapshot only 43.57%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 64.38%
CROIC snapshot only 61.54%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 17.87%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 23.89%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 3.92%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 26.88%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.11%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio 6.59 5.86 4.85 5.39 5.29 6.27 11.57 10.33 14.01 19.03 8.81 6.09 3.87 8.28 9.63 14.33 17.59 19.74 23.80 28.94 70.833
P/S Ratio 0.84 0.87 0.78 1.01 0.94 1.09 2.04 1.83 2.63 3.74 1.76 1.23 0.73 1.45 1.55 2.12 2.63 2.98 3.84 5.21 14.135
P/B Ratio 1.90 2.09 1.97 2.44 2.29 2.59 5.16 4.57 6.73 9.66 4.63 3.16 1.86 3.43 3.61 4.78 5.80 6.97 9.30 13.26 20.327
P/FCF 3.03 3.01 3.05 3.95 4.65 6.01 9.64 8.89 11.44 15.49 11.57 9.24 8.63 29.01 15.70 19.72 19.35 16.90 21.11 21.30 21.305
P/OCF 2.82 2.80 2.82 3.71 4.27 4.95 7.71 6.81 8.86 12.47 8.46 6.35 4.57 10.60 8.11 11.47 13.99 14.42 19.53 20.37 20.367
EV/EBITDA 3.86 3.41 3.08 3.53 3.57 4.03 7.85 6.62 8.97 12.94 6.34 4.40 3.06 6.24 7.23 10.32 12.57 13.56 16.47 20.06 20.062
EV/Revenue 0.84 0.82 0.79 0.95 0.91 1.02 2.01 1.73 2.51 3.78 1.85 1.30 0.83 1.55 1.69 2.24 2.78 3.08 3.96 5.21 5.210
EV/EBIT 4.42 3.69 3.33 3.77 3.82 4.33 8.27 6.96 9.35 13.35 6.50 4.51 3.14 6.55 7.69 11.07 13.46 14.43 17.45 20.76 20.764
EV/FCF 3.02 2.83 3.09 3.71 4.52 5.59 9.48 8.40 10.92 15.67 12.19 9.71 9.83 31.13 17.07 20.84 20.50 17.46 21.77 21.32 21.323
Earnings Yield 15.2% 17.1% 20.6% 18.5% 18.9% 16.0% 8.6% 9.7% 7.1% 5.3% 11.3% 16.4% 25.8% 12.1% 10.4% 7.0% 5.7% 5.1% 4.2% 3.5% 3.46%
FCF Yield 33.0% 33.2% 32.8% 25.3% 21.5% 16.7% 10.4% 11.2% 8.7% 6.5% 8.6% 10.8% 11.6% 3.4% 6.4% 5.1% 5.2% 5.9% 4.7% 4.7% 4.69%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.035
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 82.420
EV/OCF snapshot only 20.384
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 9.553
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 21.950
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 1.35%
Graham Number snapshot only $10.69
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.54 1.34 1.86 1.60 1.88 1.90 2.14 2.22 2.42 1.11 1.57 1.67 1.81 1.69 1.81 1.67 1.95 1.66 1.78 1.49 1.490
Quick Ratio 0.75 0.82 0.98 1.07 0.91 1.22 1.50 1.73 1.81 0.62 0.82 0.78 0.88 0.78 0.94 0.96 1.13 0.94 1.02 0.78 0.780
Debt/Equity 0.06 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.18 0.28 0.22 0.31 0.31 0.37 0.32 0.40 0.31 0.33 0.09 0.094
Net Debt/Equity -0.00 -0.13 0.03 -0.15 -0.07 -0.18 -0.08 -0.25 -0.31 0.11 0.25 0.16 0.26 0.25 0.31 0.27 0.34 0.23 0.29 0.01 0.011
Debt/Assets 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.17 0.14 0.19 0.18 0.21 0.18 0.22 0.18 0.20 0.06 0.063
Debt/EBITDA 0.12 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.19 0.15 0.24 0.36 0.30 0.45 0.52 0.68 0.64 0.82 0.58 0.57 0.14 0.143
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.01 -0.23 0.04 -0.23 -0.11 -0.30 -0.13 -0.39 -0.43 0.15 0.32 0.21 0.37 0.42 0.58 0.55 0.70 0.44 0.50 0.02 0.017
Interest Coverage — — — — — 1030.96 228.01 141.03 119.23 91.36 92.96 84.54 52.54 32.05 19.25 13.70 12.32 11.95 13.75 18.56 18.563
Equity Multiplier 1.39 1.41 1.37 1.35 1.27 1.30 1.41 1.42 1.41 1.66 1.65 1.60 1.68 1.70 1.77 1.72 1.79 1.73 1.64 1.49 1.494
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.233
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 19.213
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.884
FCF to Debt snapshot only 6.593
Defensive Interval snapshot only 111.4 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.62 1.79 1.91 1.95 2.08 1.98 2.09 2.04 2.19 2.02 2.00 2.00 1.90 1.61 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.53 1.64 1.85 1.847
Inventory Turnover 4.43 5.28 5.17 6.26 5.24 6.80 7.98 9.34 7.92 7.66 7.21 6.65 6.01 5.07 4.91 4.60 4.27 4.18 4.65 5.32 5.319
Receivables Turnover 16.61 19.43 20.32 18.77 26.24 24.94 28.10 21.92 33.02 29.17 20.57 22.21 21.65 18.63 13.99 13.69 12.60 13.18 14.10 17.59 17.587
Payables Turnover 5.90 10.66 7.38 10.64 6.30 11.08 8.44 13.10 7.93 12.22 7.06 14.96 6.65 10.99 5.18 10.98 4.69 10.33 4.74 15.84 15.839
DSO 22 19 18 19 14 15 13 17 11 13 18 16 17 20 26 27 29 28 26 21 20.8 days
DIO 82 69 71 58 70 54 46 39 46 48 51 55 61 72 74 79 85 87 79 69 68.6 days
DPO 62 34 49 34 58 33 43 28 46 30 52 24 55 33 70 33 78 35 77 23 23.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 42 54 39 43 26 35 15 28 11 30 17 47 23 58 30 73 37 80 27 66 66.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 21.508
Operating Cycle snapshot only 89.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 30.536
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.587
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 14.0% 43.3% 51.9% 45.5% 37.7% 26.6% 35.6% 35.7% 42.5% 56.8% 50.9% 52.4% 40.2% 22.6% 11.6% 6.8% 14.6% 27.2% 39.2% 53.9% 53.85%
Net Income 31.2% 1.7% 2.0% 2.0% 90.9% 47.8% 48.3% 28.6% 51.2% 76.7% 70.6% 74.6% 40.5% 9.3% -9.9% -21.9% -9.1% 9.7% 39.3% 86.8% 86.82%
EPS 30.6% 1.7% 2.0% 2.0% 89.7% 47.1% 46.9% 28.4% 50.3% 76.3% 70.4% 74.1% 40.5% 9.2% -10.3% -22.0% -9.5% 9.2% 38.9% 85.7% 85.72%
FCF 3.4% 2.2% 91.5% 65.1% -0.2% -20.7% 11.9% 9.4% 62.9% 1.1% 8.2% -1.0% -48.6% -74.6% -27.5% -13.9% 84.4% 3.5% 1.6% 2.5% 2.49%
EBITDA 38.9% 1.6% 2.0% 1.3% 61.5% 32.9% 34.7% 32.3% 56.6% 81.5% 72.3% 72.2% 35.7% 4.6% -11.0% -21.3% -6.5% 16.1% 43.4% 83.9% 83.87%
Op. Income 50.7% 2.2% 2.5% 1.6% 75.6% 31.3% 36.0% 38.8% 64.9% 1.0% 88.5% 72.6% 35.5% -3.4% -19.4% -25.9% -11.8% 4.3% 33.7% 78.3% 78.33%
OCF Growth snapshot only 1.13%
Asset Growth snapshot only 18.24%
Equity Growth snapshot only 35.99%
Debt Growth snapshot only -59.29%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.60%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 35.94%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 8.0% 9.5% 8.6% 9.7% 8.2% 7.8% 15.4% 19.1% 30.8% 41.7% 46.0% 44.4% 40.1% 34.5% 31.7% 30.2% 31.8% 34.7% 32.8% 35.8% 35.78%
Revenue 5Y — 42.9% 26.9% 18.8% 13.9% 15.3% 19.4% 20.7% 19.8% 21.1% 21.3% 22.2% 20.4% 19.2% 21.0% 22.4% 29.2% 34.7% 37.0% 37.7% 37.66%
EPS 3Y 28.7% 30.0% 21.8% 24.0% 11.1% 7.9% 17.2% 25.1% 55.0% 91.0% 95.5% 88.2% 58.8% 41.5% 30.9% 20.4% 24.1% 28.1% 28.5% 36.1% 36.11%
EPS 5Y — 42.7% 30.4% 25.5% 21.6% 24.5% 37.6% 43.0% 43.5% 41.6% 35.2% 33.6% 23.7% 19.3% 19.7% 21.6% 36.5% 52.7% 56.2% 57.4% 57.37%
Net Income 3Y 32.1% 33.9% 25.2% 28.0% 12.3% 8.5% 17.9% 25.8% 55.9% 92.2% 96.3% 89.7% 59.5% 41.9% 31.6% 20.6% 24.5% 28.4% 28.9% 36.5% 36.55%
Net Income 5Y — 47.9% 33.1% 28.2% 24.2% 27.3% 40.7% 46.2% 46.1% 44.3% 37.8% 36.3% 24.7% 19.8% 20.3% 22.1% 37.1% 53.5% 56.8% 58.3% 58.33%
EBITDA 3Y 26.9% 16.2% 13.7% 13.7% 3.2% 5.4% 13.5% 23.0% 52.0% 83.7% 90.5% 72.6% 50.8% 36.1% 27.4% 21.5% 25.7% 30.1% 30.1% 35.6% 35.58%
EBITDA 5Y — 35.8% 22.3% 15.5% 13.3% 18.6% 31.7% 41.1% 38.9% 30.5% 27.8% 27.4% 18.5% 17.3% 17.5% 20.3% 34.8% 49.7% 54.6% 49.4% 49.40%
Gross Profit 3Y 14.9% 15.1% 13.4% 12.3% 8.2% 4.4% 10.1% 14.2% 26.0% 39.5% 43.6% 39.5% 33.4% 26.8% 23.4% 23.6% 27.5% 35.0% 35.6% 39.8% 39.77%
Gross Profit 5Y — 48.7% 32.2% 23.8% 18.7% 19.1% 22.5% 23.1% 19.9% 20.7% 20.4% 20.0% 16.9% 14.7% 16.1% 19.5% 28.5% 36.1% 38.4% 37.3% 37.28%
Op. Income 3Y 11.2% 23.2% 21.4% 18.8% 9.6% 4.1% 14.4% 28.5% 63.4% 1.0% 1.1% 83.9% 57.7% 36.9% 27.4% 21.1% 25.4% 26.8% 26.7% 31.6% 31.63%
Op. Income 5Y — 54.9% 37.3% 29.1% 24.8% 26.1% 33.3% 37.6% 31.8% 37.8% 35.6% 32.1% 24.1% 17.1% 17.9% 22.1% 39.2% 53.3% 57.8% 52.4% 52.36%
FCF 3Y 27.5% 29.0% 38.9% 37.4% 28.0% 34.7% 69.0% 46.7% 92.0% 74.7% 32.4% 21.4% -5.8% -25.2% -4.2% -2.3% 15.6% 33.4% 26.2% 43.8% 43.84%
FCF 5Y — — — — — 53.7% 47.5% 36.7% 27.5% 28.8% 26.6% 22.9% 11.9% 5.2% 30.5% 21.9% 46.3% 43.5% 33.9% 40.0% 39.98%
OCF 3Y 19.0% 18.8% 22.0% 19.6% 15.0% 25.1% 57.0% 51.6% 88.3% 77.5% 42.0% 32.6% 13.8% 2.1% 16.3% 14.6% 25.2% 31.9% 20.3% 33.6% 33.59%
OCF 5Y — — 69.3% 48.7% 38.6% 25.8% 34.2% 33.4% 27.0% 26.2% 22.7% 20.4% 17.2% 18.5% 36.4% 31.3% 46.6% 43.2% 33.2% 38.2% 38.19%
Assets 3Y 9.4% 12.5% 16.2% 14.3% 5.2% 9.0% 14.2% 18.3% 20.3% 34.1% 36.5% 40.6% 43.5% 43.9% 47.4% 44.6% 53.0% 48.9% 41.5% 37.2% 37.25%
Assets 5Y — 19.6% 19.4% 19.2% 18.9% 23.6% 15.5% 16.7% 18.2% 25.2% 30.0% 28.3% 24.2% 26.8% 27.9% 29.3% 32.6% 34.1% 33.5% 33.7% 33.74%
Equity 3Y 33.3% 36.4% 33.0% 33.3% 19.7% 19.2% 24.0% 27.2% 28.9% 33.3% 35.9% 38.4% 34.6% 35.1% 35.2% 33.5% 36.5% 35.3% 34.7% 35.0% 35.00%
Book Value 3Y 29.9% 32.5% 29.4% 29.1% 18.4% 18.6% 23.3% 26.4% 28.2% 32.4% 35.4% 37.3% 34.0% 34.7% 34.5% 33.2% 36.0% 35.0% 34.3% 34.6% 34.56%
Dividend 3Y -18.1% 3.8% 39.2% 30.3% 30.1% 16.0% 5.6% 20.6% 14.5% 17.9% 26.2% 18.7% 18.9% 13.4% 0.3% -4.9% -9.6% -6.1% 2.9% 10.6% 10.64%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.17 0.67 0.68 0.75 0.65 0.62 0.72 0.80 0.77 0.72 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.78 0.87 0.89 0.95 0.97 0.97 0.93 0.929
Earnings Stability 0.22 0.42 0.50 0.56 0.54 0.50 0.64 0.74 0.72 0.66 0.70 0.75 0.78 0.75 0.77 0.76 0.92 0.96 0.94 0.87 0.867
Margin Stability 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.91 0.91 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.948
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.88 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.81 0.81 0.89 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.84 0.96 0.96 0.91 0.96 0.96 0.84 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.73 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.61 0.61 0.75 0.59 0.45 0.48 0.46 0.66 0.91 0.90 0.75 0.90 0.91 0.67 0.39 0.395
ROE Trend -0.11 -0.00 0.06 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.02 -0.05 -0.11 -0.15 -0.15 -0.11 -0.06 0.03 0.032
Gross Margin Trend 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.04 -0.07 -0.10 -0.07 -0.05 -0.05 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.045
FCF Margin Trend 0.18 0.18 0.12 0.09 0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 -0.08 -0.10 -0.13 -0.16 -0.08 -0.06 -0.02 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.124
Sustainable Growth Rate 19.9% 23.3% 23.2% 33.6% 26.7% 25.4% 30.9% 25.5% 30.2% 34.3% 32.7% 32.1% 25.3% 20.2% 19.3% 17.0% 20.6% 22.4% 25.7% 32.1% 32.13%
Internal Growth Rate 14.8% 18.3% 18.6% 30.8% 25.3% 23.3% 28.6% 22.5% 28.9% 29.4% 26.7% 26.6% 19.2% 13.6% 12.7% 11.4% 13.4% 15.0% 17.9% 25.3% 25.35%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 2.33 2.09 1.72 1.45 1.24 1.26 1.50 1.52 1.58 1.53 1.04 0.96 0.85 0.78 1.19 1.25 1.26 1.37 1.22 1.42 1.421
FCF/OCF 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.94 0.92 0.82 0.80 0.77 0.77 0.80 0.73 0.69 0.53 0.37 0.52 0.58 0.72 0.85 0.93 0.96 0.956
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.358
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.984
CapEx/Revenue 2.0% 2.2% 2.1% 1.6% 1.8% 3.9% 5.3% 6.3% 6.7% 5.9% 5.6% 6.1% 7.5% 8.7% 9.3% 7.7% 5.2% 3.0% 1.5% 1.1% 1.12%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.280
Accruals Ratio -0.28 -0.29 -0.22 -0.17 -0.09 -0.09 -0.18 -0.19 -0.24 -0.21 -0.02 0.02 0.05 0.06 -0.05 -0.05 -0.06 -0.09 -0.06 -0.14 -0.140
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.012
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 3.131
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield 5.7% 7.2% 10.1% 6.6% 8.5% 7.2% 3.4% 4.8% 3.2% 2.2% 5.4% 7.9% 14.2% 6.9% 5.6% 3.7% 2.6% 2.2% 1.8% 1.4% 0.71%
Dividend/Share $0.09 $0.14 $0.19 $0.17 $0.21 $0.22 $0.22 $0.30 $0.32 $0.36 $0.45 $0.51 $0.55 $0.53 $0.46 $0.44 $0.41 $0.44 $0.51 $0.60 $0.48
Payout Ratio 37.8% 42.0% 49.1% 35.5% 45.1% 45.1% 39.6% 49.2% 45.5% 42.7% 47.3% 48.2% 55.1% 57.5% 53.8% 53.5% 45.2% 43.7% 42.5% 39.1% 39.13%
FCF Payout Ratio 17.4% 21.6% 30.9% 26.0% 39.6% 43.2% 33.0% 42.3% 37.1% 34.8% 62.1% 73.2% 1.2% 2.0% 87.8% 73.6% 49.8% 37.4% 37.7% 28.8% 28.81%
Total Payout Ratio 37.8% 42.0% 49.1% 35.5% 45.1% 45.1% 39.6% 49.2% 45.5% 42.7% 47.3% 48.2% 55.1% 57.5% 53.8% 53.5% 45.2% 43.7% 42.5% 39.1% 39.13%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
Chowder Number -0.35 0.29 2.03 1.50 1.36 0.66 0.23 0.83 0.56 0.70 1.09 0.79 0.84 0.54 0.08 -0.10 -0.23 -0.14 0.12 0.38 0.381
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 5.7% 7.2% 10.1% 6.6% 8.5% 7.2% 3.4% 4.8% 3.2% 2.2% 5.4% 7.9% 14.2% 6.9% 5.6% 3.7% 2.6% 2.2% 1.8% 1.4% 1.35%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.73 0.72 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.74 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.753
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.88 0.90 0.91 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.952
EBIT Margin 0.19 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.251
Asset Turnover 1.62 1.79 1.91 1.95 2.08 1.98 2.09 2.04 2.19 2.02 2.00 2.00 1.90 1.61 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.53 1.64 1.85 1.847
Equity Multiplier 1.54 1.50 1.48 1.43 1.32 1.35 1.39 1.39 1.35 1.51 1.55 1.53 1.57 1.68 1.72 1.67 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.59 1.589
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.25 $0.33 $0.38 $0.47 $0.47 $0.48 $0.56 $0.60 $0.71 $0.85 $0.96 $1.05 $1.00 $0.93 $0.86 $0.82 $0.90 $1.01 $1.19 $1.53 $1.53
Book Value/Share $0.86 $0.92 $0.94 $1.04 $1.09 $1.17 $1.26 $1.37 $1.48 $1.67 $1.83 $2.03 $2.07 $2.24 $2.30 $2.46 $2.74 $2.87 $3.06 $3.33 $3.35
Tangible Book/Share $0.37 $0.44 $0.46 $0.56 $0.61 $0.68 $0.78 $0.05 $1.01 $-1.23 $0.51 $-1.18 $0.68 $-1.32 $0.65 $0.79 $0.82 $1.00 $0.30 $0.54 $0.54
Revenue/Share $1.95 $2.20 $2.37 $2.52 $2.67 $2.77 $3.19 $3.42 $3.78 $4.33 $4.81 $5.20 $5.30 $5.30 $5.34 $5.54 $6.05 $6.71 $7.41 $8.48 $4.81
FCF/Share $0.54 $0.64 $0.61 $0.64 $0.54 $0.50 $0.68 $0.70 $0.87 $1.04 $0.73 $0.69 $0.45 $0.26 $0.53 $0.60 $0.82 $1.18 $1.35 $2.07 $1.32
OCF/Share $0.58 $0.69 $0.66 $0.69 $0.59 $0.61 $0.84 $0.92 $1.12 $1.30 $1.00 $1.01 $0.85 $0.72 $1.02 $1.03 $1.14 $1.39 $1.46 $2.17 $1.37
Cash/Share $0.05 $0.12 $0.06 $0.15 $0.07 $0.21 $0.28 $0.51 $0.61 $0.12 $0.06 $0.12 $0.11 $0.13 $0.13 $0.11 $0.15 $0.22 $0.12 $0.28 $0.28
EBITDA/Share $0.42 $0.53 $0.61 $0.68 $0.68 $0.70 $0.82 $0.89 $1.06 $1.26 $1.40 $1.53 $1.44 $1.32 $1.24 $1.20 $1.34 $1.52 $1.78 $2.20 $2.20
Debt/Share $0.05 $0.00 $0.08 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.18 $0.17 $0.16 $0.31 $0.51 $0.45 $0.65 $0.69 $0.85 $0.78 $1.09 $0.88 $1.01 $0.31 $0.31
Net Debt/Share $-0.00 $-0.12 $0.02 $-0.15 $-0.07 $-0.21 $-0.10 $-0.34 $-0.45 $0.19 $0.45 $0.33 $0.53 $0.56 $0.72 $0.67 $0.94 $0.66 $0.89 $0.04 $0.04
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 20.088
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 33.522
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 6 6
Beneish M-Score -3.87 -3.55 -3.35 -2.69 -2.50 -2.68 -2.75 -3.13 -3.14 -2.32 -0.98 -1.32 -0.14 -1.47 -2.44 -2.27 -2.23 -2.30 -2.21 -2.74 -2.745
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -11.135
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 2.17%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $0.13
EVA snapshot only $215354955.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA+
Credit Score 93.73 82.36 93.16 85.78 83.98 85.80 94.98 95.80 94.81 94.76 93.91 94.49 94.64 89.19 92.16 89.71 89.47 89.64 89.97 93.66 93.656
Credit Grade snapshot only 2
Credit Trend snapshot only 3.950
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 65.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 87
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 86

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