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Not Investment Advice

CDAY NYSE

Dayforce Inc.
1W: -0.7% 1M: +4.2% 3M: +5.7% 1Y: -2.6% 3Y: -21.2% 5Y: +45.9%
$69.52
Last traded 2024-02-28 — delisted
NYSE · Technology · Software - Application · $10.9B mcap · 137M float · 0.929% daily turnover

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

WEAK EDGE
40.4 / 100
NoneWeakNarrowWide
Primary source: Network Effects  ·  ROIC: 3.9%  ·  5Y Avg: -0.1%
Cost Advantage
37
Intangibles
18
Switching Cost
57
Network Effect
62
Scale
33
The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. CDAY shows a Weak competitive edge (40.4/100) — limited structural advantages that may face competitive pressure. The primary source of advantage is Network Effects. ROIC of 3.9% suggests modest returns relative to capital deployed.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$95
Low
$95
Avg Target
$95
High
Based on 1 analyst since Feb 7, 2024 earnings
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 15Hold: 12Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2025-06-30 New Street — Initiated $95 — +33.7% $71.05
2023-01-09 MoffettNathanson — Initiated $68 — +7.0% $63.53
2022-11-14 Cowen & Co. — $130 $77 -53 +13.6% $67.79
2022-10-31 Barclays Raimo Lenschow Initiated $64 — -3.0% $65.95
2022-08-18 Deutsche Bank Bhavin Shah Initiated $80 — +20.4% $66.46
2022-08-04 BMO Capital Daniel Jester Initiated $73 — +12.6% $64.81
2022-01-12 Piper Sandler Arvind Ramnani Initiated $105 — +23.1% $85.28
2022-01-05 Jefferies Samad Samana Initiated $110 — +21.9% $90.25
2021-12-12 Cowen & Co. Bryan Bergin Initiated $130 — +26.1% $103.07

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 24 Grade D
Profitability
4
Balance Sheet
51
Earnings Quality
55
Growth
44
Value
28
Momentum
44
Safety
30
Cash Flow
47
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. CDAY scores highest in Earnings Quality (55/100) and lowest in Profitability (4/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
1.26
Distress Zone
Piotroski F-Score
4/9
✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.44
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-5.97
Bankruptcy prob: 0.3%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BB-
Score: 35.5/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -1.83x
Accruals: -5.1%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. CDAY scores 1.26, placing it in the Distress Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Historically, companies in this range face elevated bankruptcy risk. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. CDAY scores 4/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. CDAY's score of -2.44 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. CDAY's implied 0.3% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. CDAY receives an estimated rating of BB- (score: 35.5/100), with a deteriorating trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-63.20x
PEG
0.17x
P/S
11.47x
P/B
4.12x
P/FCF
51.58x
P/OCF
41.36x
EV/EBITDA
105.13x
EV/Revenue
5.98x
EV/EBIT
-122.40x
EV/FCF
51.44x
Earnings Yield
-1.32%
FCF Yield
1.94%
Shareholder Yield
0.59%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. CDAY currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
1.584
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.023
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
-0.049
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.225
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.198
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-5.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. CDAY's ROE of -5.7% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.20x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance. A tax burden ratio of 1.58 indicates minimal tax leakage — the company retains over 90% of pre-tax earnings.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1469 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$71.05
Median 1Y
$73.76
5th Pctile
$32.92
95th Pctile
$164.61
Ann. Volatility
46.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
ROE 0.6% -0.2% -1.6% -3.0% -3.9% -3.5% -3.9% -3.6% -3.6% -3.4% -1.7% -0.6% 0.2% 2.4% 2.2% 2.1% 2.7% 1.4% 1.9% -5.7% -5.71%
ROA 0.2% -0.1% -0.4% -1.0% -1.1% -1.1% -0.9% -1.0% -0.9% -1.0% -0.3% -0.2% 0.0% 0.6% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.4% 0.5% -1.8% -1.78%
ROIC 1.2% 0.2% -0.6% -1.2% -1.6% -1.2% -1.6% -1.3% -0.8% -0.5% 1.0% -1.1% 0.2% 2.5% 2.5% 2.3% 5.8% 2.8% 2.9% 3.9% 3.92%
ROCE 1.0% 1.0% -0.1% -1.0% -1.7% -1.7% -2.0% -1.4% -0.6% -0.5% 1.0% 2.0% 2.5% 3.5% 1.2% 1.6% 1.3% 0.8% 1.1% -1.2% -1.19%
Gross Margin 37.5% 38.4% 39.7% 36.8% 36.2% 36.8% 35.2% 38.5% 37.7% 40.2% 43.3% 42.6% 42.5% 42.5% 47.6% 45.8% 47.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Operating Margin -0.3% -9.8% -1.0% -7.9% -6.2% -2.8% -6.3% -2.2% 0.8% 1.0% 10.4% 8.0% 7.0% 9.7% 9.4% 4.7% 6.1% 6.4% 9.1% 6.3% 6.33%
Net Margin -0.4% -7.8% -8.2% -10.3% -8.1% -3.4% -9.3% -6.6% -6.7% -1.5% 2.7% 0.8% -1.0% 11.4% 1.6% 0.5% 2.3% 3.1% 4.6% -40.9% -40.86%
EBITDA Margin 6.2% -9.8% 3.4% -1.8% -0.6% 6.4% 0.8% 5.3% 8.2% 8.4% 15.2% 14.2% 15.9% 23.2% 11.6% 10.9% 6.5% 16.8% 21.2% -21.2% -21.16%
FCF Margin 1.5% -10.7% -11.2% -10.1% -9.3% -1.5% -0.9% -0.9% 0.7% 3.1% 2.7% 5.6% 3.7% 6.9% 8.3% 13.6% 14.1% 12.7% 18.1% 11.6% 11.63%
OCF Margin 8.7% -3.6% -4.2% -3.4% -3.0% 4.8% 5.4% 5.7% 7.6% 10.6% 10.5% 13.5% 11.8% 14.5% 13.8% 13.8% 15.7% 12.7% 18.1% 14.5% 14.50%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only -1.39%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only -2.15%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only -0.42%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 1.60%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 3.21%
Cash ROA snapshot only 3.16%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 10.31%
CROIC snapshot only 8.27%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 5.52%
Pretax Margin snapshot only -5.00%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 12.30%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 34.79%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 11.46%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
P/E Ratio 1030.61 -3945.03 -394.10 -226.95 -203.65 -213.85 -124.39 -92.68 -110.17 -134.31 -319.86 -799.35 2640.95 194.13 218.48 222.92 175.51 330.55 233.45 -75.79 -63.200
P/S Ratio 14.45 18.73 14.67 15.70 17.56 15.74 9.60 6.34 7.18 7.91 8.72 7.60 7.28 7.03 7.22 6.88 6.62 6.33 6.18 6.00 11.470
P/B Ratio 5.97 7.52 5.80 6.51 7.63 7.24 4.86 3.43 4.17 4.67 5.26 4.71 4.66 4.44 4.67 4.44 4.51 4.44 4.23 4.21 4.123
P/FCF 988.72 -175.33 -131.09 -154.98 -188.47 -1082.17 -1094.65 -705.06 1097.43 258.76 326.18 135.10 197.45 101.22 86.53 50.68 46.79 49.69 34.14 51.58 51.585
P/OCF 165.91 — — — — 330.42 176.86 111.67 94.38 74.35 83.43 56.45 61.63 48.47 52.28 49.90 42.30 49.69 34.14 41.36 41.362
EV/EBITDA 152.18 388.19 922.21 -2570.04 -887.06 846.67 790.96 231.69 151.31 147.54 97.93 69.71 57.47 43.32 47.85 48.17 49.50 55.21 44.32 105.13 105.125
EV/Revenue 14.99 19.35 15.65 16.62 18.39 16.53 10.44 7.13 7.89 8.57 9.35 8.15 7.79 7.47 7.75 7.33 6.30 6.35 6.16 5.98 5.980
EV/EBIT 384.63 603.85 -3614.05 -429.55 -309.08 -294.50 -163.69 -172.78 -461.36 -643.47 342.61 160.71 128.55 87.96 96.73 97.03 98.12 172.05 141.23 -122.40 -122.400
EV/FCF 1025.69 -181.15 -139.87 -164.10 -197.34 -1136.47 -1190.60 -792.73 1206.62 280.36 349.39 144.87 211.20 107.63 92.98 54.00 44.53 49.87 34.05 51.44 51.440
Earnings Yield 0.1% -0.0% -0.3% -0.4% -0.5% -0.5% -0.8% -1.1% -0.9% -0.7% -0.3% -0.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 0.4% -1.3% -1.32%
FCF Yield 0.1% -0.6% -0.8% -0.6% -0.5% -0.1% -0.1% -0.1% 0.1% 0.4% 0.3% 0.7% 0.5% 1.0% 1.2% 2.0% 2.1% 2.0% 2.9% 1.9% 1.94%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.168
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 63.007
EV/OCF snapshot only 41.246
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 51.793
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 85.578
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.59%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Current Ratio 1.23 1.07 1.09 1.11 1.07 1.11 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.07 1.10 1.09 1.12 3.48 3.30 3.38 1.15 1.22 1.24 1.235
Quick Ratio 1.23 1.07 1.09 1.11 1.07 1.11 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.07 1.10 1.09 0.17 3.48 3.30 3.38 1.15 1.22 1.24 1.235
Debt/Equity 0.50 0.34 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.53 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.52 0.51 0.48 0.01 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.221
Net Debt/Equity 0.22 0.25 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.43 0.43 0.42 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.32 0.28 0.35 0.29 -0.22 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.012
Debt/Assets 0.17 0.11 0.15 0.17 0.13 0.16 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.069
Debt/EBITDA 12.17 16.95 81.33 -199.69 -58.81 58.84 88.55 36.26 20.26 17.33 9.90 7.70 6.34 4.76 4.86 4.93 0.11 2.86 2.32 5.53 5.532
Net Debt/EBITDA 5.48 12.47 57.91 -142.88 -39.88 40.46 63.74 25.62 13.69 11.37 6.50 4.70 3.74 2.58 3.32 2.96 -2.52 0.20 -0.11 -0.30 -0.295
Interest Coverage 1.23 1.08 -0.16 -1.30 -1.84 -1.60 -1.91 -1.42 -0.67 -0.58 1.13 2.05 2.45 3.56 3.14 3.12 2.90 1.79 2.59 -3.18 -3.179
Equity Multiplier 2.91 3.19 3.61 3.09 4.05 3.22 5.17 4.34 3.90 3.75 4.59 3.62 3.95 3.76 4.43 3.18 3.58 3.66 3.15 3.22 3.220
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.706
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 3.701
Cash to Debt snapshot only 1.053
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.369
Defensive Interval snapshot only 390.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Asset Turnover 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.13 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.15 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.23 0.225
Inventory Turnover — 0.31 — — — — — — — — — — — 0.34 — — — 0.47 — — —
Receivables Turnover 10.46 9.28 8.32 8.64 9.28 8.28 8.11 8.41 8.77 7.64 7.60 7.78 7.40 7.40 6.56 7.15 6.93 6.95 6.77 6.52 6.519
Payables Turnover 16.08 12.21 13.44 14.96 17.42 14.17 15.03 15.95 15.14 14.58 14.35 14.07 13.61 14.33 13.55 13.17 13.12 15.63 18.56 20.68 20.675
DSO 35 39 44 42 39 44 45 43 42 48 48 47 49 49 56 51 53 53 54 56 56.0 days
DIO 0 1167 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1058 0 0 0 769 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 23 30 27 24 21 26 24 23 24 25 25 26 27 25 27 28 28 23 20 18 17.7 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 12 1176 17 18 18 18 21 21 18 23 23 21 22 1082 29 23 25 798 34 38 38.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 7.775
Cash Velocity snapshot only 3.017
Capital Intensity snapshot only 4.583
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Revenue 4.8% 2.2% 1.3% 8.7% 14.7% 21.6% 26.8% 24.3% 23.6% 21.7% 22.2% 22.4% 21.6% 21.5% 19.0% 18.8% 19.7% 20.1% 17.6% 14.8% 14.84%
Net Income -85.2% -1.1% -1.4% -1.8% -8.1% -17.9% -1.6% -23.0% 6.6% 2.7% 56.8% 83.0% 1.1% 1.7% 2.4% 4.9% 15.4% -36.5% -5.8% -3.9% -3.94%
EPS -85.0% -1.0% -1.4% -1.9% -7.9% -17.1% -1.6% -20.2% 8.3% 2.2% 58.3% 83.5% 1.1% 1.7% 2.4% 4.8% 14.8% -37.8% -6.4% -3.9% -3.94%
FCF 4.3% -18.6% -25.5% -16.9% -8.3% 83.4% 90.1% 89.0% 1.1% 3.6% 4.7% 8.7% 5.9% 1.8% 2.7% 1.9% 3.6% 1.2% 1.6% -1.7% -1.70%
EBITDA -36.1% -62.1% -86.3% -1.1% -1.2% -52.4% -1.4% 6.9% 4.1% 2.6% 7.8% 3.7% 2.2% 2.6% 1.0% 54.7% 12.4% -19.9% 0.9% -57.1% -57.09%
Op. Income -33.3% -89.2% -1.3% -1.8% -2.2% -6.9% -2.0% -10.1% 48.8% 57.9% 1.6% 2.5% 4.2% 7.9% 2.6% 72.5% 32.0% -9.1% -9.5% 4.3% 4.34%
OCF Growth snapshot only 20.71%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.89%
Equity Growth snapshot only 5.43%
Debt Growth snapshot only -51.84%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.06%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — 72.0% 39.0% 22.4% 12.4% 13.3% 14.1% 14.8% 16.2% 18.3% 19.9% 21.6% 22.6% 21.8% 21.6% 21.1% 19.6% 18.6% 18.64%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — 50.6% 32.2% 22.0% 15.6% 16.2% 16.7% 17.2% 17.0% 17.7% 17.67%
EPS 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — -31.6% — — — — — — — —
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.9% -5.5% -17.0% -9.6% — —
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — -30.3% — — — — — — — —
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 18.6% -3.9% -15.1% -8.4% — —
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — -33.9% -49.3% -37.0% -21.7% -13.2% 6.0% 21.7% 33.4% 83.9% 1.6% — — 1.2% 1.6% 45.6% 45.59%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — 1.4% 44.2% 30.3% 18.4% 12.5% 11.2% 13.5% 19.4% 3.6% 3.63%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — 68.4% 35.0% 16.9% 5.6% 6.1% 6.9% 8.7% 12.2% 16.0% 20.1% 23.7% 27.5% 28.5% 29.8% 17.8% 2.3% -19.3% -19.31%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — 50.9% 32.9% 22.0% 15.7% 16.2% 17.0% 11.2% 2.3% -9.8% -9.78%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — -19.2% 9.2% 25.5% 1.6% — — — — — — —
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 89.4% 39.2% 20.7% 8.9% 11.7% 10.8% 11.5% 18.6% 18.55%
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — 50.2% — 1.1% 1.4% 63.2% — — — — — — — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.0% — 99.4% 1.5% — 1.4% 1.1% 1.07%
OCF 3Y — — — — — 14.0% 34.6% 5.5% 20.2% 37.9% 31.5% 42.7% 32.7% — — — — 68.0% 78.6% 62.1% 62.14%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.0% 46.2% 55.2% 32.9% 39.1% 35.5% 40.7% 33.7% 33.68%
Assets 3Y — — — 3.0% 14.7% 10.9% 15.1% 10.5% 13.8% 9.2% 15.9% 11.5% 14.8% 10.4% 11.4% 6.0% 0.4% 9.9% -8.4% -1.5% -1.51%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — 5.5% 8.4% 11.4% 8.2% 3.8% 10.9% 9.3% 5.6% 8.2% 8.19%
Equity 3Y — — — 13.3% 13.0% 11.3% 8.3% 6.0% 3.4% 3.9% 5.2% 4.1% 3.6% 4.6% 4.1% 5.1% 4.6% 5.2% 8.1% 8.8% 8.77%
Book Value 3Y — — — 3.3% 11.7% 7.8% 7.0% 5.0% 2.5% 1.7% 3.7% 2.7% 1.7% 2.2% 1.6% 2.8% 2.1% 3.5% 6.0% 7.1% 7.14%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Revenue Stability 0.81 0.80 0.84 0.75 0.82 0.91 0.83 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.97 0.99 0.98 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.982
Earnings Stability 0.27 0.17 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.07 0.19 0.18 0.12 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.21 0.207
Margin Stability 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.76 0.61 0.613
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.99 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.200
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.55 0.94 — —
ROE Trend 0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -0.05 -0.06 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 -0.06 -0.063
Gross Margin Trend -0.01 -0.03 -0.05 -0.06 -0.06 -0.05 -0.06 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 -0.06 -0.19 -0.31 -0.313
FCF Margin Trend 0.03 -0.11 -0.10 -0.11 -0.10 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.12 0.08 0.13 0.02 0.020
Sustainable Growth Rate 0.6% — — — — — — — — — — — 0.2% 2.4% 2.2% 2.1% 2.7% 1.4% 1.9% — —
Internal Growth Rate 0.2% — — — — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.7% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.4% 0.5% — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
OCF/Net Income 6.21 7.55 1.14 0.49 0.34 -0.65 -0.70 -0.83 -1.17 -1.81 -3.83 -14.16 42.85 4.01 4.18 4.47 4.15 6.65 6.84 -1.83 -1.832
FCF/OCF 0.17 2.98 2.65 2.98 3.14 -0.31 -0.16 -0.16 0.09 0.29 0.26 0.42 0.31 0.48 0.60 0.98 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.80 0.802
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -1.469
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 2.549
CapEx/Revenue 7.2% 7.1% 7.0% 6.7% 6.4% 6.2% 6.3% 6.6% 7.0% 7.6% 7.8% 7.8% 8.1% 7.6% 5.5% 0.2% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% 2.87%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.314
Accruals Ratio -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.05 -0.051
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.071
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 5.046
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Dividend Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio 0.0% — — — — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — —
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Payout Ratio 0.0% — — — — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 56.6% 55.1% 1.9% 1.8% — —
Div. Increase Streak — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.6% 0.8% 0.6% 0.59%
Net Buyback Yield -5.0% -0.7% -0.8% -0.7% -0.6% -0.7% -1.0% -1.4% -1.2% -0.5% -0.5% -0.5% -0.5% -0.1% -0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.58%
Total Shareholder Return -5.0% -0.7% -0.8% -0.7% -0.6% -0.7% -1.0% -1.4% -1.2% -0.5% -0.5% -0.5% -0.5% -0.1% -0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.58%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.61 0.20 0.64 0.75 0.77 0.83 0.82 0.93 1.10 1.17 3.57 -0.46 0.07 0.57 0.60 0.60 0.90 0.61 0.64 1.58 1.584
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.59 -0.74 13.35 2.39 1.87 1.57 1.48 1.78 3.48 3.79 -0.28 0.40 0.66 0.75 0.68 0.68 0.66 0.85 0.95 1.02 1.023
EBIT Margin 0.04 0.03 -0.00 -0.04 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.04 -0.05 -0.049
Asset Turnover 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.13 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.15 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.23 0.225
Equity Multiplier 2.92 3.21 3.53 3.02 3.50 3.21 4.39 3.70 3.98 3.48 4.87 3.97 3.93 3.76 4.50 3.39 3.75 3.71 3.75 3.20 3.198
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.08 $-0.03 $-0.21 $-0.42 $-0.55 $-0.49 $-0.55 $-0.51 $-0.51 $-0.48 $-0.23 $-0.08 $0.03 $0.35 $0.33 $0.32 $0.40 $0.21 $0.30 $-0.94 $-0.94
Book Value/Share $13.84 $14.17 $14.52 $14.73 $14.77 $14.43 $14.07 $13.71 $13.39 $13.73 $13.91 $14.22 $14.56 $15.13 $15.21 $16.01 $15.74 $16.01 $16.78 $16.86 $16.86
Tangible Book/Share $-1.17 $-0.87 $-3.12 $-3.15 $-2.85 $-2.78 $-3.46 $-3.41 $-3.32 $-2.94 $-2.29 $-2.00 $-1.60 $-0.79 $-1.50 $-0.42 $0.13 $0.53 $1.10 $1.13 $1.13
Revenue/Share $5.72 $5.69 $5.74 $6.11 $6.41 $6.64 $7.12 $7.42 $7.78 $8.11 $8.39 $8.81 $9.31 $9.55 $9.85 $10.32 $10.73 $11.23 $11.50 $11.85 $5.92
FCF/Share $0.08 $-0.61 $-0.64 $-0.62 $-0.60 $-0.10 $-0.06 $-0.07 $0.05 $0.25 $0.22 $0.50 $0.34 $0.66 $0.82 $1.40 $1.52 $1.43 $2.08 $1.38 $0.90
OCF/Share $0.50 $-0.20 $-0.24 $-0.21 $-0.19 $0.32 $0.39 $0.42 $0.59 $0.86 $0.88 $1.19 $1.10 $1.38 $1.36 $1.42 $1.68 $1.43 $2.08 $1.72 $0.90
Cash/Share $3.77 $1.27 $2.28 $2.25 $2.52 $2.38 $2.33 $2.43 $2.67 $2.81 $2.72 $3.09 $3.28 $3.60 $2.45 $3.09 $3.58 $3.44 $3.88 $3.93 $3.93
EBITDA/Share $0.56 $0.28 $0.10 $-0.04 $-0.13 $0.13 $0.09 $0.23 $0.41 $0.47 $0.80 $1.03 $1.26 $1.65 $1.60 $1.57 $1.37 $1.29 $1.60 $0.67 $0.67
Debt/Share $6.86 $4.81 $7.93 $7.89 $7.82 $7.62 $8.32 $8.28 $8.23 $8.17 $7.93 $7.93 $8.00 $7.85 $7.75 $7.75 $0.15 $3.70 $3.71 $3.73 $3.73
Net Debt/Share $3.09 $3.54 $5.65 $5.65 $5.30 $5.24 $5.99 $5.85 $5.56 $5.36 $5.21 $4.84 $4.72 $4.25 $5.30 $4.65 $-3.44 $0.26 $-0.17 $-0.20 $-0.20
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.261
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 1.870
Piotroski F-Score 6 1 2 3 2 4 4 5 5 7 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 4 4
Beneish M-Score -2.13 -2.20 -1.96 -2.15 -2.24 -2.06 -2.31 -2.34 -2.30 -2.47 -2.29 -2.32 -2.20 -2.34 -1.41 -1.85 -1.82 -1.60 -2.73 -2.44 -2.436
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -5.972
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only -20.44%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-30.56
EVA snapshot only $-161773000.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'20 Q4'20 Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BB-
Credit Score 35.92 32.96 21.38 34.39 29.15 27.00 17.98 18.12 19.39 20.03 24.82 36.40 30.94 38.70 45.23 50.49 56.29 40.66 51.11 35.47 35.471
Credit Grade snapshot only 13
Credit Trend snapshot only -15.015
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 550.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 23
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 19

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