— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: CEU.TO (TSX) · $vol 7M

CESDF OTC

CES Energy Solutions Corp.
1W: -2.6% 1M: -8.7% 3M: +11.2% YTD: +39.6% 1Y: +82.3% 3Y: +373.2% 5Y: +945.0%
$12.54
-0.33 (-2.56%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±4.8%
$11 $12 $13 $13 $14
OTC · Energy · Oil & Gas Equipment & Services · Tech Score Sell · Power 40 · $2.6B mcap · 163M float · 0.062% daily turnover · Short 25% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 1Buy: 3Hold: 1Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2024-05-09 BMO Capital John Gibson Initiated $9 — +109.4% $4.30

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. CESDF receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 A- B+
2026-09-15 B+ A-
2026-09-14 A- B+
2026-08-12 B+ A-
2026-08-10 A- B+
2026-07-25 B+ A-
2026-07-01 A- B+
2026-05-27 B+ A-
2026-05-26 None ADDED
2026-05-26 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
49
Balance Sheet
66
Earnings Quality
68
Growth
54
Value
—
Momentum
81
Safety
—
Cash Flow
64

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.46
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.34
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 72.5/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 1.46x
Accruals: -5.5%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. CESDF scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. CESDF's score of -2.46 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. CESDF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. CESDF receives an estimated rating of A (score: 72.5/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). CESDF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
19.24x
PEG
1.30x
P/S
1.41x
P/B
4.27x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$9.33
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 19.2x earnings, CESDF trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $9.33 per share, 34% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.782
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.910
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.103
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.615
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.987
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
23.6%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. CESDF's ROE of 23.6% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.615), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$35.82
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with CESDF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. CESDF actually compounded EPS at 22.2% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. CESDF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $35.82, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 19.2x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$12.54
Median 1Y
$14.77
5th Pctile
$5.51
95th Pctile
$39.77
Ann. Volatility
58.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 14.4% 10.6% 11.8% 14.1% 15.1% 17.4% 21.1% 22.7% 23.6% 24.4% 26.3% 27.2% 28.4% 26.0% 23.5% 23.8% 22.9% 25.3% 25.2% 23.6% 23.62%
ROA 7.2% 5.1% 5.4% 6.4% 6.7% 7.6% 9.2% 10.2% 10.7% 11.1% 12.6% 13.9% 14.1% 13.1% 12.0% 12.5% 11.5% 13.0% 12.8% 11.9% 11.89%
ROIC 12.9% 7.3% 7.2% 8.4% 9.4% 10.3% 12.7% 13.9% 14.4% 16.2% 17.6% 17.7% 18.2% 17.2% 16.7% 17.4% 16.1% 16.8% 15.3% 15.8% 15.81%
ROCE 6.4% 8.1% 8.4% 10.1% 11.7% 14.6% 17.9% 19.6% 20.2% 20.8% 22.4% 21.8% 22.8% 21.9% 21.5% 22.0% 20.8% 21.3% 19.2% 20.3% 20.28%
Gross Margin 21.6% 20.5% 18.6% 21.9% 20.7% 21.1% 20.9% 22.4% 22.5% 22.7% 24.7% 25.5% 24.2% 24.4% 23.1% 23.4% 23.8% 23.7% 23.0% 23.6% 23.63%
Operating Margin 7.2% 6.0% 5.0% 9.2% 9.8% 9.9% 9.9% 10.0% 10.1% 11.3% 12.4% 10.1% 11.5% 11.2% 11.7% 10.2% 10.5% 10.7% 8.3% 11.9% 11.89%
Net Margin 4.3% 6.7% 2.6% 4.6% 4.7% 7.2% 5.9% 6.6% 7.2% 8.9% 9.3% 8.7% 7.7% 6.9% 7.0% 9.0% 6.5% 10.3% 7.4% 5.4% 5.40%
EBITDA Margin 12.6% 10.4% 9.4% 13.2% 13.4% 13.4% 13.3% 13.4% 13.7% 13.0% 15.9% 13.9% 15.1% 15.4% 15.7% 14.7% 14.8% 14.8% 12.3% 15.8% 15.83%
FCF Margin -5.1% -8.5% -8.7% -10.1% -7.6% -2.9% 1.2% 5.6% 10.6% 10.5% 10.7% 10.2% 8.4% 9.1% 7.3% 6.3% 5.8% 7.6% 8.1% 7.4% 7.37%
OCF Margin -3.3% -6.2% -6.1% -7.3% -4.7% -0.1% 4.0% 8.6% 13.9% 13.9% 14.3% 13.8% 12.2% 12.9% 11.6% 10.8% 9.9% 11.4% 11.6% 10.8% 10.76%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 23.57%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 20.89%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 12.17%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 13.69%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 15.81%
Cash ROA snapshot only 16.14%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 21.04%
CROIC snapshot only 14.41%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 8.09%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 9.42%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 13.34%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.24%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 19.237
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.406
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.267
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.298
Graham Number snapshot only $9.33
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 3.28 3.52 3.34 3.35 3.45 3.49 3.44 3.64 3.21 2.95 2.76 3.18 2.82 3.06 2.92 3.12 3.02 2.86 2.75 2.70 2.698
Quick Ratio 1.85 1.97 1.88 1.83 1.86 1.89 1.81 1.88 1.75 1.58 1.52 1.70 1.52 1.62 1.60 1.69 1.74 1.67 1.64 1.56 1.560
Debt/Equity 0.79 0.90 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.90 0.81 0.74 0.69 0.70 0.60 0.51 0.57 0.54 0.55 0.60 0.62 0.60 0.56 0.55 0.554
Net Debt/Equity 0.86 0.98 1.08 1.08 1.06 1.00 0.91 0.84 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.51 0.57 0.54 0.55 0.60 0.62 0.60 0.56 0.55 0.554
Debt/Assets 0.37 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.33 0.34 0.30 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.273
Debt/EBITDA 3.25 3.09 3.24 2.98 2.75 2.29 1.85 1.63 1.54 1.61 1.38 1.24 1.28 1.23 1.26 1.28 1.35 1.29 1.31 1.26 1.262
Net Debt/EBITDA 3.56 3.39 3.54 3.25 3.03 2.53 2.08 1.87 1.78 1.61 1.38 1.24 1.28 1.23 1.26 1.28 1.35 1.29 1.31 1.26 1.262
Interest Coverage 2.37 3.20 3.77 3.91 3.31 4.91 4.99 5.99 8.97 5.87 7.02 8.79 9.27 6.84 5.40 5.46 5.60 8.47 10.93 6.49 6.495
Equity Multiplier 2.11 2.23 2.40 2.43 2.38 2.32 2.20 2.07 2.06 2.09 1.99 1.86 1.98 1.89 1.92 1.94 2.01 2.02 2.01 2.03 2.025
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.000
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 9.067
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.000
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.404
Defensive Interval snapshot only 588.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.14 1.23 1.31 1.42 1.45 1.54 1.63 1.67 1.59 1.55 1.56 1.63 1.63 1.61 1.60 1.64 1.57 1.58 1.55 1.61 1.615
Inventory Turnover 3.85 4.14 4.38 4.37 4.23 4.35 4.43 4.43 4.23 4.03 4.00 4.14 4.30 4.14 4.28 4.42 4.37 4.43 4.46 4.55 4.555
Receivables Turnover 5.24 6.93 4.58 5.07 4.70 6.29 5.02 5.42 4.87 5.92 4.70 5.44 5.25 6.57 4.97 5.58 4.96 5.58 4.85 5.27 5.270
Payables Turnover 7.70 8.17 7.41 7.68 7.42 8.07 8.23 8.59 7.56 7.41 7.38 8.46 7.34 7.75 7.40 8.67 7.24 7.69 7.30 7.78 7.783
DSO 70 53 80 72 78 58 73 67 75 62 78 67 70 56 73 65 74 65 75 69 69.3 days
DIO 95 88 83 83 86 84 82 82 86 91 91 88 85 88 85 83 83 82 82 80 80.1 days
DPO 47 45 49 48 49 45 44 42 48 49 49 43 50 47 49 42 50 47 50 47 46.9 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 117 96 114 108 115 97 111 107 113 103 119 112 105 97 109 106 107 100 107 103 102.5 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 5.190
Operating Cycle snapshot only 149.4 days
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.667
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 5.1% 34.7% 67.3% 69.8% 65.9% 60.7% 55.5% 42.4% 25.8% 12.5% 5.6% 3.3% 5.9% 8.8% 9.3% 8.4% 5.8% 5.9% 6.1% 11.0% 11.02%
Net Income 1.3% 1.2% 5.9% 73.2% 21.2% 90.9% 1.1% 92.5% 83.4% 62.4% 49.3% 44.5% 36.0% 23.6% 2.6% -3.1% -10.2% 7.1% 16.7% 7.2% 7.18%
EPS 1.3% 1.2% 6.0% 74.3% 21.7% 1.0% 1.1% 95.4% 89.0% 73.4% 63.0% 55.9% 44.7% 26.2% 7.4% 3.4% -2.6% 19.0% 25.5% 13.1% 13.13%
FCF -1.3% -1.8% -1.9% -5.2% -1.4% 45.1% 1.2% 1.8% 2.8% 5.1% 8.1% 87.1% -16.0% -6.6% -25.5% -32.3% -27.7% -11.0% 17.9% 29.0% 29.05%
EBITDA 1.7% 1.8% 1.5% 93.4% 78.2% 70.3% 86.9% 67.2% 43.6% 19.8% 11.2% 9.2% 14.3% 23.0% 17.1% 16.6% 10.3% 5.2% -0.5% 5.3% 5.31%
Op. Income 4.0% 20.9% 17.4% 2.6% 1.4% 1.3% 1.5% 1.0% 62.4% 33.6% 19.2% 14.8% 20.6% 19.3% 11.2% 10.2% 2.2% 1.2% -6.0% 2.7% 2.69%
OCF Growth snapshot only 10.63%
Asset Growth snapshot only 16.62%
Equity Growth snapshot only 11.96%
Debt Growth snapshot only 3.99%
Shares Change snapshot only -5.27%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 36.52%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y -4.7% -2.0% 0.8% 4.4% 9.7% 14.6% 17.1% 23.7% 29.9% 34.6% 40.0% 35.7% 30.3% 25.3% 21.5% 16.8% 12.1% 9.1% 7.0% 7.5% 7.50%
Revenue 5Y 13.8% 16.1% 14.4% 13.0% 13.0% 13.3% 14.0% 14.0% 12.6% 11.2% 11.0% 10.9% 11.9% 13.0% 13.1% 16.2% 19.7% 22.9% 26.1% 24.6% 24.62%
EPS 3Y 25.2% 1.3% 16.1% 30.8% 35.0% 48.8% — — — — 1.9% 74.4% 49.3% 63.7% 55.4% 46.6% 38.6% 37.6% 30.0% 22.2% 22.18%
EPS 5Y — — — — 22.8% 22.5% 24.4% 23.8% 35.2% 29.3% 40.5% 46.8% 46.4% 48.4% — — — — 1.0% 44.1% 44.09%
Net Income 3Y 23.4% 1.5% 14.5% 29.0% 33.2% 46.8% — — — — 1.8% 68.9% 44.6% 56.5% 48.7% 39.2% 30.9% 29.1% 21.4% 14.5% 14.47%
Net Income 5Y — — — — 21.9% 21.3% 23.1% 22.1% 33.1% 26.5% 36.9% 43.0% 42.6% 44.7% — — — — 92.7% 38.0% 37.98%
EBITDA 3Y -3.3% -0.6% 0.6% 4.9% 10.6% 19.2% — — — — 74.0% 52.3% 43.0% 35.9% 34.5% 28.6% 21.9% 15.8% 9.0% 10.3% 10.28%
EBITDA 5Y — 41.3% 21.6% 14.7% 13.3% 15.5% 17.7% 18.7% 18.3% 14.9% 16.2% 16.1% 17.3% 20.1% — — — — 43.7% 34.1% 34.10%
Gross Profit 3Y -6.6% -2.8% -0.6% 3.3% 8.5% 13.2% 17.3% 27.1% 36.0% 42.4% 48.3% 39.9% 34.4% 30.6% 27.9% 22.4% 17.7% 13.9% 10.9% 11.2% 11.23%
Gross Profit 5Y 18.9% 18.5% 13.5% 10.5% 9.7% 9.7% 11.0% 11.2% 10.8% 10.9% 12.4% 13.4% 15.1% 16.3% 16.4% 20.8% 25.2% 28.8% 30.9% 26.6% 26.59%
Op. Income 3Y -9.5% 0.4% 4.7% 14.1% 23.5% 33.6% 44.8% 83.8% 1.7% — — 1.0% 67.9% 53.1% 49.2% 37.2% 26.0% 17.3% 7.6% 9.1% 9.14%
Op. Income 5Y — — — 31.2% 22.2% 20.3% 22.6% 23.7% 23.8% 24.9% 28.0% 28.4% 29.8% 30.6% 32.1% 51.0% 89.4% — — 57.3% 57.31%
FCF 3Y — — — — — — -35.6% -5.7% 13.0% 20.3% 24.0% 83.1% — — — — — — 99.6% 17.8% 17.79%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — 54.7% 33.7% 11.4% 9.3% 12.5% 1.2% -2.6% 7.7% 10.9% 39.9% 39.93%
OCF 3Y — — — — — — -17.5% -0.6% 15.0% 24.4% 31.5% 81.9% — — — — — — 52.6% 16.0% 16.00%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — 19.1% 18.7% 28.2% 31.2% 24.4% 20.9% 11.7% 10.2% 13.5% 6.7% 3.9% 12.7% 16.3% 41.3% 41.30%
Assets 3Y -8.0% -6.3% -3.4% 1.0% 4.0% 5.0% 9.1% 15.8% 17.0% 17.1% 16.9% 17.3% 14.1% 12.3% 11.1% 6.6% 5.2% 4.6% 6.8% 10.6% 10.58%
Assets 5Y 1.0% 2.1% 1.6% 3.4% 4.6% 4.3% 3.3% 1.9% 1.1% 0.8% 1.8% 2.9% 3.6% 4.8% 8.3% 12.5% 14.1% 13.5% 14.0% 15.4% 15.36%
Equity 3Y -10.1% -11.3% -10.9% -8.1% -5.2% -3.6% 7.0% 10.9% 13.6% 13.0% 16.7% 19.5% 16.6% 18.7% 19.6% 14.8% 11.4% 9.6% 10.2% 11.4% 11.40%
Book Value 3Y -8.8% -11.5% -9.6% -6.9% -4.0% -2.3% 7.3% 11.7% 15.1% 15.8% 20.6% 23.4% 20.3% 24.2% 25.0% 21.0% 18.0% 16.8% 18.0% 18.9% 18.89%
Dividend 3Y — -1.7% 2.0% — — 61.0% 29.0% 15.4% 9.5% 14.1% 14.1% 14.8% 11.6% 11.0% 10.7% 11.8% 14.1% 16.2% 17.9% 16.3% 16.28%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.31 0.32 0.25 0.32 0.39 0.40 0.39 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.59 0.71 0.81 0.85 0.93 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.89 0.889
Earnings Stability 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.17 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.52 0.86 0.78 0.71 0.78 0.95 0.89 0.891
Margin Stability 0.89 0.93 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.91 0.95 0.946
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.80 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.97 0.93 0.97 0.971
Earnings Smoothness — — 0.00 0.46 0.81 0.38 0.27 0.37 0.41 0.52 0.60 0.64 0.69 0.79 0.97 0.97 0.89 0.93 0.85 0.93 0.931
ROE Trend 0.40 0.32 0.30 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.01 -0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.02 -0.018
Gross Margin Trend 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.003
FCF Margin Trend -0.18 -0.21 -0.20 -0.18 -0.13 -0.06 -0.02 0.09 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.009
Sustainable Growth Rate 14.4% 9.7% 10.1% 11.6% 12.0% 14.4% 18.0% 19.5% 20.3% 20.9% 22.8% 23.6% 24.7% 22.3% 19.9% 19.9% 18.8% 21.0% 20.8% 18.9% 18.95%
Internal Growth Rate 7.7% 4.9% 4.8% 5.5% 5.6% 6.7% 8.5% 9.6% 10.1% 10.5% 12.2% 13.7% 14.0% 12.7% 11.3% 11.7% 10.4% 12.1% 11.8% 10.5% 10.54%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income -0.53 -1.49 -1.47 -1.62 -1.02 -0.03 0.70 1.40 2.07 1.95 1.79 1.62 1.42 1.59 1.54 1.42 1.35 1.39 1.40 1.46 1.462
FCF/OCF 1.54 1.37 1.43 1.38 1.61 20.42 0.31 0.65 0.77 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.69 0.70 0.63 0.59 0.58 0.66 0.70 0.68 0.685
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.001
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.745
CapEx/Revenue 1.8% 2.3% 2.6% 2.8% 2.9% 2.8% 2.7% 3.0% 3.2% 3.4% 3.7% 3.7% 3.9% 4.0% 4.4% 4.5% 4.1% 3.8% 3.5% 3.4% 3.39%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.827
Accruals Ratio 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.17 0.13 0.08 0.03 -0.04 -0.11 -0.11 -0.10 -0.09 -0.06 -0.08 -0.07 -0.05 -0.04 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 -0.055
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.014
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.220
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.16%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.01 $0.03 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.08 $0.09 $0.10 $0.11 $0.11 $0.11 $0.12 $0.13 $0.15 $0.16 $0.17 $0.18 $0.21
Payout Ratio 0.0% 8.2% 14.8% 17.8% 20.5% 17.2% 14.7% 14.0% 14.1% 14.6% 13.3% 13.3% 13.1% 14.1% 15.3% 16.4% 18.2% 17.0% 17.6% 19.8% 19.78%
FCF Payout Ratio — — — — — — 67.0% 15.2% 8.9% 9.9% 10.0% 11.2% 13.4% 12.6% 15.9% 19.7% 23.2% 18.4% 18.0% 19.8% 19.76%
Total Payout Ratio 24.0% 40.6% 27.5% 26.9% 28.0% 22.7% 22.5% 26.7% 52.2% 60.4% 61.2% 53.7% 55.4% 68.0% 74.3% 91.2% 89.4% 85.4% 81.8% 79.2% 79.24%
Div. Increase Streak — 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 2.05 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.85 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.81 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.782
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.60 0.71 0.76 0.76 0.71 0.76 0.77 0.81 0.86 0.85 0.87 0.92 0.93 0.88 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.95 1.05 0.91 0.910
EBIT Margin 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.103
Asset Turnover 1.14 1.23 1.31 1.42 1.45 1.54 1.63 1.67 1.59 1.55 1.56 1.63 1.63 1.61 1.60 1.64 1.57 1.58 1.55 1.61 1.615
Equity Multiplier 2.00 2.06 2.20 2.21 2.26 2.28 2.29 2.23 2.22 2.20 2.09 1.95 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.90 1.99 1.95 1.97 1.99 1.987
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.25 $0.18 $0.21 $0.26 $0.30 $0.36 $0.45 $0.51 $0.57 $0.63 $0.74 $0.80 $0.83 $0.80 $0.79 $0.82 $0.81 $0.95 $0.99 $0.93 $0.93
Book Value/Share $1.79 $1.77 $1.86 $1.99 $2.23 $2.33 $2.42 $2.48 $2.55 $2.69 $2.96 $3.18 $3.12 $3.40 $3.63 $3.52 $3.66 $3.72 $3.98 $4.16 $4.19
Tangible Book/Share $1.46 $1.47 $1.51 $1.65 $1.88 $2.01 $2.11 $2.17 $2.24 $2.37 $2.64 $2.85 $2.76 $3.02 $3.23 $3.06 $3.18 $3.22 $3.46 $3.63 $3.63
Revenue/Share $3.96 $4.36 $5.13 $5.79 $6.58 $7.37 $7.97 $8.37 $8.53 $8.85 $9.18 $9.32 $9.61 $9.83 $10.50 $10.78 $11.03 $11.57 $11.98 $12.64 $12.73
FCF/Share $-0.20 $-0.37 $-0.44 $-0.58 $-0.50 $-0.21 $0.10 $0.47 $0.91 $0.93 $0.98 $0.95 $0.81 $0.89 $0.77 $0.68 $0.64 $0.88 $0.97 $0.93 $0.94
OCF/Share $-0.13 $-0.27 $-0.31 $-0.42 $-0.31 $-0.01 $0.32 $0.72 $1.18 $1.23 $1.32 $1.29 $1.18 $1.27 $1.22 $1.16 $1.09 $1.32 $1.39 $1.36 $1.37
Cash/Share $-0.13 $-0.15 $-0.18 $-0.18 $-0.22 $-0.23 $-0.24 $-0.26 $-0.28 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
EBITDA/Share $0.43 $0.52 $0.57 $0.66 $0.78 $0.92 $1.06 $1.12 $1.15 $1.18 $1.29 $1.32 $1.40 $1.48 $1.58 $1.64 $1.67 $1.73 $1.69 $1.83 $1.83
Debt/Share $1.41 $1.59 $1.84 $1.97 $2.14 $2.11 $1.97 $1.83 $1.76 $1.90 $1.78 $1.64 $1.79 $1.82 $2.00 $2.10 $2.26 $2.23 $2.22 $2.30 $2.30
Net Debt/Share $1.54 $1.75 $2.02 $2.15 $2.35 $2.34 $2.21 $2.09 $2.05 $1.90 $1.78 $1.64 $1.79 $1.82 $2.00 $2.10 $2.26 $2.23 $2.22 $2.30 $2.30
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 3 5 4 5 6 7 9 8 8 8 7 8 9 7 5 6 6 7 7 7
Beneish M-Score -1.08 -1.15 -1.28 -0.99 -1.28 -1.71 -2.21 -2.74 -3.26 -3.13 -3.06 -2.98 -2.74 -2.86 -2.65 -2.50 -2.43 -2.52 -2.62 -2.46 -2.461
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.345
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 22.56%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $1.08
EVA snapshot only $79844254.60
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A
Credit Score 53.40 57.15 57.15 58.65 58.65 58.65 63.75 69.90 73.75 71.55 75.25 75.25 75.55 73.50 73.05 72.90 72.00 74.95 78.05 72.45 72.450
Credit Grade snapshot only 6
Credit Trend snapshot only -0.450
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 150.000

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