— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: COH.AX (ASX) · $vol 53M · CHEOY (OTC) · $vol 3M

CHEOF OTC

Cochlear Limited
1W: +0.0% 1M: -1.4% 3M: +15.0% YTD: -44.5% 1Y: -47.4% 3Y: -41.2% 5Y: -42.1%
$93.61
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Healthcare · Medical - Devices · Tech Score Sell · Power 44 · $6.1B mcap · 65M float · 0.0018% daily turnover · Short 92% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
2
P/E
1
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. CHEOF receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (2/5), P/E (1/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B+ B
2026-08-19 B B+
2026-08-18 B+ B
2026-07-31 B B+
2026-07-25 B+ B
2026-07-22 B B+
2026-07-02 B+ B
2026-06-29 None ADDED
2026-06-29 EXISTED None
2026-06-23 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
64
Balance Sheet
83
Earnings Quality
80
Growth
38
Value
—
Momentum
62
Safety
—
Cash Flow
60

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.44
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.21
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 82.8/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.13x
Accruals: -2.6%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. CHEOF scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. CHEOF's score of -2.44 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. CHEOF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. CHEOF receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 82.8/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). CHEOF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
55.73x
PEG
-0.90x
P/S
3.51x
P/B
4.71x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$70.02
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 55.7x earnings, CHEOF is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $70.02 per share, 34% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.732
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.892
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.175
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.755
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.493
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
30.0%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. CHEOF's ROE of 30.0% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.755), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$315.63
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with CHEOF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. CHEOF actually compounded EPS at 132.5% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. CHEOF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $315.63, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 55.7x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$93.61
Median 1Y
$79.88
5th Pctile
$37.22
95th Pctile
$172.01
Ann. Volatility
45.1%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 92.6% 91.8% 86.7% 88.6% 85.3% 82.3% 82.5% 3.8% 12.7% 7.3% 7.9% 39.9% 31.0% 34.2% 34.8% 37.3% 40.2% 40.3% 38.5% 30.0% 29.96%
ROA 41.4% 41.1% 40.7% 44.4% 43.6% 41.5% 40.3% 2.1% 8.1% 4.6% 4.9% 24.4% 21.6% 23.6% 24.7% 25.2% 27.4% 27.7% 26.9% 20.1% 20.06%
ROIC 65.4% 62.3% 61.7% 68.5% 68.2% 63.0% 48.7% 21.8% 42.1% 40.5% 37.3% 42.8% 36.6% 41.4% 41.5% 42.8% 42.1% 39.5% 33.2% 34.3% 34.33%
ROCE 70.0% 72.1% 69.3% 76.0% 74.1% 68.5% 55.6% 32.6% 29.2% 27.5% 29.1% 37.2% 36.5% 39.5% 41.1% 43.3% 46.0% 46.3% 44.4% 41.1% 41.12%
Gross Margin 71.1% 71.7% 72.8% 74.1% 74.5% 76.6% 75.3% 71.1% 71.8% 73.2% 74.5% 75.4% 74.6% 75.4% 74.3% 75.7% 74.6% 73.2% 72.9% 68.2% 68.17%
Operating Margin 25.2% 25.0% 24.7% 25.9% 25.1% 25.1% 25.7% 10.5% 24.4% 20.1% 25.4% 18.7% 21.8% 20.5% 24.1% 19.4% 23.4% 21.2% 18.8% 6.9% 6.92%
Net Margin 18.3% 17.4% 17.1% 18.9% 18.3% 20.2% 20.3% -70.1% 31.8% 12.0% 20.8% 14.5% 15.9% 15.0% 17.2% 14.5% 17.5% 15.5% 13.7% -1.2% -1.23%
EBITDA Margin 27.9% 26.1% 27.1% 27.4% 27.6% 26.9% 26.0% 7.6% 29.8% 26.4% 31.2% 24.2% 25.9% 24.1% 27.1% 22.2% 26.9% 24.8% 23.2% 11.6% 11.62%
FCF Margin 14.6% 15.2% 15.6% 16.7% 18.1% 15.5% 14.2% -3.1% -6.2% -3.2% -2.4% 15.9% 15.0% 15.7% 15.2% 13.6% 13.6% 10.4% 10.2% 10.3% 10.27%
OCF Margin 17.3% 18.7% 18.7% 19.8% 21.4% 19.8% 20.1% 5.0% 2.2% 4.0% 3.9% 20.7% 19.8% 20.5% 19.8% 17.9% 17.2% 13.6% 13.0% 12.9% 12.90%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 34.36%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 36.54%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 23.18%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 28.78%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 32.60%
Cash ROA snapshot only 23.28%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 34.33%
CROIC snapshot only 27.33%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 12.90%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 15.61%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 13.10%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 41.82%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 55.729
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.512
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.711
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $70.02
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.28 1.69 1.99 2.03 1.85 1.77 1.87 1.81 3.20 3.06 3.18 2.52 2.83 2.36 2.57 2.30 2.25 2.35 2.46 2.15 2.151
Quick Ratio 1.67 1.23 1.42 1.45 1.31 1.22 1.29 1.53 2.67 2.52 2.55 2.00 2.22 1.82 1.94 1.68 1.52 1.52 1.44 1.34 1.338
Debt/Equity 0.35 0.40 0.42 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.52 0.50 0.20 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.122
Net Debt/Equity 0.19 0.24 0.24 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.41 -0.16 -0.17 -0.20 -0.17 -0.22 -0.17 -0.20 -0.16 -0.15 -0.07 -0.02 0.12 0.01 0.014
Debt/Assets 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.26 0.27 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.15 0.08 0.082
Debt/EBITDA 0.31 0.36 0.38 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.54 1.11 0.50 0.40 0.37 0.29 0.28 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.38 0.21 0.209
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.17 0.21 0.21 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.42 -0.35 -0.42 -0.52 -0.40 -0.43 -0.34 -0.38 -0.28 -0.26 -0.12 -0.03 0.21 0.02 0.025
Interest Coverage — — — — — 317.32 99.79 45.09 29.47 24.90 27.41 35.02 39.92 43.73 45.99 66.85 110.47 107.23 85.47 44.39 44.386
Equity Multiplier 2.02 2.09 2.06 1.89 1.91 1.90 2.04 1.84 1.44 1.43 1.41 1.46 1.44 1.47 1.42 1.49 1.49 1.45 1.44 1.50 1.495
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.311
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 55.004
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.882
FCF to Debt snapshot only 2.268
Defensive Interval snapshot only 106.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 2.46 2.38 2.35 2.48 2.43 2.23 2.07 1.49 1.56 1.49 1.41 1.24 1.36 1.44 1.57 1.61 1.71 1.71 1.75 1.76 1.755
Inventory Turnover 4.49 4.52 4.25 4.48 4.37 4.01 3.82 3.61 3.94 3.72 3.53 3.32 3.48 3.41 3.49 3.17 3.00 2.90 2.73 2.95 2.953
Receivables Turnover 8.48 9.31 8.84 9.22 9.47 9.75 10.03 10.89 11.44 10.10 9.90 12.06 11.82 11.06 11.73 11.47 10.69 10.21 10.06 9.81 9.810
Payables Turnover 6.76 6.00 6.22 5.74 5.70 4.88 5.29 4.71 5.07 4.21 4.76 4.19 4.83 3.80 4.69 3.92 4.61 4.14 4.58 4.54 4.543
DSO 43 39 41 40 39 37 36 34 32 36 37 30 31 33 31 32 34 36 36 37 37.2 days
DIO 81 81 86 82 84 91 96 101 93 98 103 110 105 107 105 115 122 126 134 124 123.6 days
DPO 54 61 59 64 64 75 69 77 72 87 77 87 76 96 78 93 79 88 80 80 80.3 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 70 59 69 57 58 54 63 57 52 48 63 53 60 44 58 54 76 73 90 80 80.5 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 8.946
Operating Cycle snapshot only 160.8 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 25.023
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.554
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 38.8% 37.8% 29.1% 27.3% 21.8% 17.5% 18.3% 6.2% 4.0% 1.2% -1.9% 12.7% 16.5% 26.8% 35.5% 34.2% 36.6% 28.1% 19.9% 11.5% 11.51%
Net Income 70.4% 72.2% 37.4% 40.2% 29.8% 26.7% 32.6% -91.8% -70.0% -83.1% -82.5% 15.0% 2.6% 5.7% 5.1% 6.8% 38.4% 26.5% 17.0% -18.4% -18.44%
EPS 69.5% 71.6% 36.4% 39.4% 29.3% 26.2% 32.1% -92.0% -73.7% -85.2% -84.6% 13.4% 2.6% 5.7% 5.1% 6.9% 38.7% 27.2% 17.3% -18.0% -18.02%
FCF 63.2% 43.5% 33.0% 35.8% 50.3% 19.5% 8.2% -1.2% -1.4% -1.2% -1.2% 6.9% 3.8% 7.3% 9.6% 15.0% 23.8% -14.9% -19.8% -15.9% -15.89%
EBITDA 52.0% 53.0% 34.1% 40.4% 30.8% 24.1% 21.5% -10.3% -9.5% -12.9% -9.2% 37.3% 33.0% 41.5% 38.0% 19.2% 27.5% 23.7% 14.7% -2.4% -2.37%
Op. Income 58.7% 59.8% 40.2% 42.9% 32.4% 23.4% 22.7% -6.2% -8.6% -16.3% -19.7% 11.9% 13.1% 31.0% 39.6% 29.9% 38.9% 31.0% 15.7% -8.2% -8.24%
OCF Growth snapshot only -19.43%
Asset Growth snapshot only -5.31%
Equity Growth snapshot only -5.57%
Debt Growth snapshot only -12.84%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.51%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 26.84%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — 90.6% 55.0% 37.6% 21.3% 20.7% 17.9% 14.4% 15.1% 13.8% 14.7% 16.3% 17.1% 18.3% 18.0% 16.8% 19.0% 19.04%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 53.0% 36.7% 28.2% 22.0% 22.8% 21.6% 19.5% 17.9% 17.93%
EPS 3Y — — — — 83.7% 57.3% 54.1% -45.2% -16.7% -31.5% -34.8% 17.0% 6.7% 7.6% 7.7% 7.1% 9.2% 7.9% 3.5% 1.3% 1.33%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 42.2% 30.9% 28.2% 20.3% 23.3% 22.2% 14.8% 7.0% 7.01%
Net Income 3Y — — — — 84.4% 58.0% 54.8% -44.6% -12.8% -28.3% -31.6% 22.5% 11.6% 12.6% 12.5% 11.9% 14.0% 12.6% 7.9% 1.4% 1.41%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 46.3% 34.8% 31.8% 23.8% 26.8% 25.5% 18.0% 9.9% 9.88%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — 86.3% 57.6% 45.9% 20.0% 21.6% 18.3% 14.0% 20.0% 16.3% 15.2% 15.0% 13.6% 15.3% 15.1% 12.9% 16.9% 16.90%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 50.7% 37.0% 31.2% 23.1% 25.0% 23.7% 18.6% 15.0% 15.00%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — 90.4% 56.4% 40.5% 23.4% 22.8% 19.7% 15.8% 16.9% 15.9% 16.8% 17.9% 18.5% 19.1% 18.0% 16.3% 17.8% 17.77%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 53.4% 37.6% 29.7% 23.4% 24.5% 23.2% 20.8% 18.5% 18.54%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — 84.6% 57.4% 47.8% 22.9% 24.3% 18.2% 11.4% 14.5% 11.0% 10.6% 11.2% 10.9% 12.8% 12.8% 9.1% 10.1% 10.08%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 45.4% 33.7% 29.3% 22.0% 24.7% 23.2% 17.4% 12.3% 12.34%
FCF 3Y — — — — — 1.8% 1.1% — — — — 15.8% 14.7% 16.0% 15.5% 9.5% 7.5% 3.6% 4.5% — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 96.5% 69.3% 39.8% 25.0% 13.8% 10.5% 8.5% 8.46%
OCF 3Y — — — — 1.7% 99.6% 78.5% -8.6% -36.7% -27.7% -31.0% 20.1% 18.9% 18.4% 18.4% 13.2% 10.0% 4.2% 1.0% 63.6% 63.61%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 86.8% 60.3% 49.5% 32.9% 26.1% 15.9% 12.3% 10.1% 10.12%
Assets 3Y — — — — 21.1% 21.7% 26.5% 48.3% 41.8% 41.0% 38.1% 37.1% 35.9% 31.2% 28.8% 33.4% 30.7% 27.0% 19.3% 0.3% 0.30%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 28.6% 27.4% 25.5% 28.3% 27.5% 26.6% 24.8% 22.1% 22.11%
Equity 3Y — — — — 19.3% 26.7% 35.7% 62.1% 72.2% 68.5% 60.9% 55.5% 52.1% 47.6% 45.8% 44.4% 41.9% 39.0% 34.0% 7.4% 7.44%
Book Value 3Y — — — — 18.9% 26.2% 35.1% 60.4% 64.4% 61.0% 53.6% 48.5% 45.4% 41.0% 39.5% 38.2% 35.9% 33.2% 28.5% 3.7% 3.75%
Dividend 3Y — — — — 10.5% 8.7% 7.7% 6.1% -9.1% -11.9% -14.6% -14.5% 4.0% 8.2% 11.7% 12.9% 5.3% 5.6% 5.4% 4.3% 4.35%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.97 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.95 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.95 0.949
Earnings Stability 1.00 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.09 0.14 0.03 0.01 0.12 0.38 0.25 0.20 0.33 0.44 0.34 0.25 0.25 0.253
Margin Stability 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.974
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.84 0.88 0.89 0.87 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.97 0.85 0.89 0.93 0.93 0.926
Earnings Smoothness 0.48 0.47 0.69 0.67 0.74 0.76 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.68 0.77 0.84 0.80 0.797
ROE Trend 0.33 0.24 0.13 0.05 0.02 0.00 -0.04 -0.73 -0.67 -0.69 -0.67 -0.03 -0.11 -0.05 -0.04 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.17 -0.05 -0.053
Gross Margin Trend -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.022
FCF Margin Trend 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.01 -0.01 -0.19 -0.23 -0.18 -0.17 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.04 0.04 -0.04 -0.045
Sustainable Growth Rate 33.2% 33.1% 28.8% 31.1% 27.8% 28.3% 29.8% -33.5% -12.0% -14.9% -12.7% 22.4% 9.3% 11.5% 11.3% 12.2% 13.2% 12.0% 8.9% -1.3% -1.28%
Internal Growth Rate 17.4% 17.4% 15.6% 18.5% 16.6% 16.7% 17.0% — — — — 15.9% 6.9% 8.6% 8.7% 9.0% 9.9% 9.0% 6.7% — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.03 1.08 1.08 1.10 1.19 1.06 1.03 3.60 0.42 1.29 1.12 1.05 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.14 1.07 0.84 0.85 1.13 1.129
FCF/OCF 0.84 0.81 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.78 0.71 -0.61 -2.83 -0.79 -0.62 0.77 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.76 0.79 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.796
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.899
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.595
CapEx/Revenue 2.7% 3.5% 3.2% 3.1% 3.3% 4.3% 5.9% 8.0% 8.4% 7.2% 6.3% 4.8% 4.8% 4.8% 4.6% 4.2% 3.6% 3.1% 2.8% 2.6% 2.63%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.629
Accruals Ratio -0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 -0.08 -0.03 -0.01 -0.05 0.05 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.05 -0.06 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.04 0.04 -0.03 -0.026
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.121
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.887
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.75%
Dividend/Share $4.19 $4.58 $4.98 $5.29 $5.69 $5.94 $6.29 $6.38 $4.31 $4.10 $3.96 $4.10 $5.55 $5.93 $6.30 $6.74 $7.39 $7.99 $8.39 $8.55 $3.45
Payout Ratio 64.1% 63.9% 66.8% 64.9% 67.4% 65.6% 63.9% 9.8% 1.9% 3.1% 2.6% 43.8% 70.1% 66.4% 67.7% 67.4% 67.3% 70.3% 76.8% 1.0% 1.04%
FCF Payout Ratio 73.7% 72.7% 74.5% 69.9% 66.9% 79.2% 87.3% — — — — 54.1% 74.2% 69.2% 69.8% 77.4% 79.6% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.16%
Total Payout Ratio 64.1% 63.9% 66.8% 65.0% 67.5% 65.8% 64.0% 9.8% 1.9% 3.1% 2.6% 44.3% 70.7% 71.6% 79.5% 78.5% 80.1% 79.9% 84.1% 1.1% 1.15%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.40 0.91 0.96 0.92 0.81 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.73 0.732
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.01 1.06 0.17 0.28 0.16 0.18 1.05 0.97 1.00 0.99 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.89 0.892
EBIT Margin 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.17 0.175
Asset Turnover 2.46 2.38 2.35 2.48 2.43 2.23 2.07 1.49 1.56 1.49 1.41 1.24 1.36 1.44 1.57 1.61 1.71 1.71 1.75 1.76 1.755
Equity Multiplier 2.24 2.23 2.13 2.00 1.96 1.98 2.05 1.85 1.57 1.57 1.61 1.63 1.44 1.45 1.41 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.43 1.49 1.493
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $6.53 $7.17 $7.46 $8.15 $8.44 $9.05 $9.85 $0.65 $2.22 $1.34 $1.52 $9.36 $7.92 $8.93 $9.31 $10.00 $10.99 $11.37 $10.92 $8.20 $8.20
Book Value/Share $8.49 $9.45 $9.98 $10.60 $11.33 $12.57 $13.94 $23.80 $24.97 $25.88 $26.30 $25.63 $26.08 $26.50 $27.12 $28.00 $28.46 $29.73 $29.56 $26.58 $26.61
Tangible Book/Share $4.80 $3.54 $4.01 $4.61 $4.94 $5.22 $6.54 $16.83 $18.78 $19.76 $20.40 $19.66 $19.87 $19.77 $20.14 $21.14 $21.33 $22.10 $21.86 $19.20 $19.20
Revenue/Share $38.78 $41.46 $43.00 $45.42 $47.02 $48.53 $50.68 $47.22 $42.90 $43.13 $43.69 $47.65 $49.93 $54.50 $59.28 $63.99 $68.35 $70.26 $71.26 $71.72 $35.70
FCF/Share $5.68 $6.30 $6.69 $7.57 $8.50 $7.50 $7.21 $-1.44 $-2.65 $-1.36 $-1.05 $7.57 $7.48 $8.57 $9.03 $8.71 $9.28 $7.34 $7.26 $7.37 $4.69
OCF/Share $6.72 $7.74 $8.06 $8.99 $10.05 $9.60 $10.18 $2.35 $0.94 $1.73 $1.70 $9.85 $9.87 $11.20 $11.73 $11.43 $11.76 $9.55 $9.25 $9.25 $5.63
Cash/Share $1.38 $1.56 $1.86 $1.07 $1.60 $1.36 $1.55 $15.79 $9.32 $9.27 $8.41 $9.57 $8.31 $8.42 $7.38 $7.81 $5.84 $4.20 $2.85 $2.87 $2.87
EBITDA/Share $9.77 $10.70 $11.28 $12.32 $12.73 $13.22 $13.66 $10.81 $10.10 $10.12 $10.90 $13.29 $13.43 $14.26 $15.05 $15.85 $17.17 $17.76 $17.32 $15.55 $15.55
Debt/Share $3.01 $3.81 $4.24 $2.56 $2.86 $3.15 $7.31 $11.96 $5.07 $4.02 $4.05 $3.86 $3.81 $3.06 $3.15 $3.71 $3.76 $3.59 $6.53 $3.25 $3.25
Net Debt/Share $1.63 $2.25 $2.38 $1.50 $1.26 $1.78 $5.76 $-3.83 $-4.25 $-5.25 $-4.36 $-5.71 $-4.50 $-5.36 $-4.24 $-4.11 $-2.08 $-0.61 $3.67 $0.38 $0.38
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 8 8 8 7 7 8 5 3 3 5 5 8 7 7 7 8 8 5 5 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.23 -2.28 -2.48 -2.46 -2.75 -2.51 -2.41 -2.93 -2.39 -2.47 -2.48 -2.11 -2.35 -2.49 -2.50 -2.12 -2.11 -1.78 -1.81 -2.44 -2.440
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -10.214
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 67.32%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $6.68
EVA snapshot only $428884085.91
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 81.75 80.25 70.50 76.80 79.00 79.00 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.750
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only 0.000
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000

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