— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 1925.T (JPX) · $vol 59M · DWAHF (OTC) · $vol 0M

DWAHY OTC

Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd.
1W: -7.7% 1M: -8.9% 3M: -3.0% YTD: -18.1% 1Y: -22.9% 3Y: +3.1% 5Y: -12.6%
$27.29
-0.17 (-0.62%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±4.9%
$25 $26 $27 $29 $30
OTC · Real Estate · Real Estate - Development · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 32 · $16.9B mcap · 604M float · 0.017% daily turnover · Short 68% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
4
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. DWAHY receives an overall rating of A. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5), P/E (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-09-08 A- A
2026-09-04 A A-
2026-05-06 A- A
2026-04-28 A A-
2026-04-27 A- A
2026-02-24 B+ A-
2026-02-20 B B+
2026-01-03 B- B

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
41
Balance Sheet
58
Earnings Quality
80
Growth
49
Value
—
Momentum
71
Safety
—
Cash Flow
28

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.06
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.12
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB+
Score: 60.9/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.03x
Accruals: -0.1%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. DWAHY scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. DWAHY's score of -2.06 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. DWAHY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. DWAHY receives an estimated rating of BBB+ (score: 60.9/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). DWAHY's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
7.43x
PEG
0.44x
P/S
0.47x
P/B
0.91x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$7791.90
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 7.4x earnings, DWAHY trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $7791.90 per share, suggesting a potential 28452% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.646
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.805
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.121
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.730
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.806
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
12.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. DWAHY's ROE of 12.9% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.730), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
7.05%
Fair P/E
22.60x
Intrinsic Value
$12979.54
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with DWAHY's realized 7.1% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. DWAHY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $12979.54, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 22.6x compares to the current market P/E of 7.4x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$27.29
Median 1Y
$26.94
5th Pctile
$17.84
95th Pctile
$40.70
Ann. Volatility
25.1%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 11.3% 11.5% 11.1% 11.7% 11.5% 11.0% 10.8% 14.3% 15.3% 15.6% 15.5% 12.7% 13.7% 12.0% 12.9% 12.9% 12.1% 11.7% 12.1% 12.9% 12.87%
ROA 4.0% 4.2% 3.9% 4.3% 4.1% 4.0% 3.8% 5.3% 5.5% 5.8% 5.6% 4.7% 5.1% 4.5% 4.7% 4.8% 4.4% 4.3% 4.3% 4.6% 4.59%
ROIC 7.9% 8.0% 7.5% 7.7% 7.3% 6.8% 6.4% 8.6% 9.1% 8.7% 8.2% 6.7% 7.2% 7.1% 7.2% 7.8% 7.5% 7.2% 6.9% 7.9% 7.92%
ROCE 8.5% 8.6% 8.4% 9.0% 8.8% 8.5% 7.4% 10.0% 10.6% 10.9% 11.5% 9.7% 10.0% 9.1% 9.7% 10.5% 10.3% 10.1% 10.2% 11.8% 11.83%
Gross Margin 19.4% 20.1% 20.0% 18.5% 18.5% 18.5% 18.1% 22.0% 19.1% 18.1% 19.3% 18.7% 20.6% 19.2% 21.2% 20.1% 21.2% 19.8% 21.9% 24.3% 24.31%
Operating Margin 6.3% 9.1% 8.5% 10.0% 5.9% 7.6% 5.9% 16.3% 7.7% 7.4% 7.7% 9.6% 9.5% 8.3% 9.4% 12.7% 9.1% 7.7% 10.2% 19.9% 19.88%
Net Margin 4.2% 6.2% 5.4% 4.5% 3.6% 5.5% 5.2% 9.6% 4.9% 7.1% 5.1% 5.7% 7.1% 4.8% 6.2% 5.9% 5.9% 4.6% 6.3% 8.1% 8.10%
EBITDA Margin 8.5% 11.2% 10.2% 9.8% 8.4% 10.6% 8.5% 17.0% 10.3% 11.5% 10.6% 12.8% 11.7% 10.6% 11.7% 15.0% 11.7% 10.5% 12.7% 21.7% 21.70%
FCF Margin -0.6% 0.9% 2.2% 1.2% 0.2% 0.9% 1.6% 3.1% 4.5% 4.4% 4.4% 3.1% 1.7% 0.4% -1.0% -0.6% -0.1% 0.3% 0.7% -0.9% -0.91%
OCF Margin 7.0% 8.6% 10.1% 9.2% 8.5% 7.2% 6.0% 5.2% 4.5% 4.4% 4.4% 4.8% 5.1% 5.4% 5.6% 6.1% 6.6% 7.2% 7.6% 6.5% 6.47%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 12.30%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 12.31%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.46%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.15%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 7.50%
Cash ROA snapshot only 4.33%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 6.42%
CROIC snapshot only -0.91%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 7.98%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 9.73%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 9.87%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.426
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.467
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.913
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.443
Graham Number snapshot only $7791.90
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.95 1.91 1.84 1.86 1.78 1.81 1.94 2.13 2.13 2.47 2.32 2.38 2.39 2.35 2.12 2.12 2.04 2.00 1.81 1.77 1.767
Quick Ratio 0.86 0.85 0.83 0.78 0.68 0.65 0.69 0.76 0.78 0.87 0.81 0.89 0.95 0.90 0.81 0.71 0.72 0.64 0.59 0.57 0.572
Debt/Equity 0.77 0.74 0.82 0.76 0.88 0.85 0.98 0.85 0.88 0.84 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.90 1.00 0.93 1.00 1.01 1.15 1.11 1.109
Net Debt/Equity 0.57 0.54 0.60 0.59 0.69 0.70 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.67 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.70 0.83 0.80 0.85 0.88 1.00 0.96 0.959
Debt/Assets 0.28 0.27 0.29 0.28 0.31 0.30 0.34 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.40 0.38 0.382
Debt/EBITDA 3.59 3.46 3.87 3.46 3.98 3.97 4.80 3.43 3.32 3.24 3.40 3.73 3.70 3.82 4.00 3.63 3.90 4.01 4.50 3.95 3.951
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.68 2.54 2.84 2.68 3.13 3.27 3.92 2.80 2.63 2.59 2.82 2.97 2.78 2.95 3.32 3.14 3.31 3.49 3.94 3.42 3.416
Interest Coverage 31.14 30.63 28.05 28.11 26.09 23.71 19.83 24.39 22.76 21.71 20.22 15.46 14.68 12.93 13.90 15.35 17.26 16.40 15.29 16.71 16.712
Equity Multiplier 2.79 2.77 2.82 2.73 2.86 2.79 2.88 2.69 2.71 2.62 2.67 2.68 2.69 2.67 2.77 2.70 2.77 2.77 2.89 2.90 2.904
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.163
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 19.966
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.135
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.016
Defensive Interval snapshot only 771.2 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.83 0.83 0.81 0.84 0.82 0.82 0.80 0.84 0.85 0.84 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.73 0.730
Inventory Turnover 2.58 2.54 2.55 2.61 2.25 2.22 2.10 2.16 2.09 1.97 1.84 1.93 1.94 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.77 1.66 1.66 1.53 1.531
Receivables Turnover 10.31 10.04 9.96 10.98 11.08 10.83 10.45 11.39 11.95 11.47 10.49 10.98 11.65 11.03 10.12 11.23 11.41 11.03 10.58 9.60 9.599
Payables Turnover 12.55 12.17 13.17 10.96 13.20 12.37 12.57 10.74 13.44 12.85 12.87 11.40 13.87 13.36 13.36 12.12 14.35 13.61 13.63 11.76 11.757
DSO 35 36 37 33 33 34 35 32 31 32 35 33 31 33 36 33 32 33 35 38 38.0 days
DIO 141 144 143 140 162 165 174 169 175 185 199 189 188 200 202 205 206 220 220 238 238.3 days
DPO 29 30 28 33 28 30 29 34 27 28 28 32 26 27 27 30 25 27 27 31 31.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 148 150 152 140 167 169 180 167 178 188 205 190 193 205 211 207 212 226 228 245 245.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.403
Operating Cycle snapshot only 276.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 12.954
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.494
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue -2.4% 0.8% 1.2% 7.6% 9.0% 10.9% 10.4% 10.6% 13.0% 11.4% 11.2% 6.0% 3.1% 2.3% 2.9% 4.5% 3.1% 2.4% 3.1% 4.0% 4.03%
Net Income -0.4% 19.0% 7.3% 15.5% 11.2% 5.8% 8.1% 36.9% 48.7% 59.6% 60.0% -3.1% -0.5% -15.8% -10.9% 8.8% -6.1% 2.3% -1.0% 9.4% 9.37%
EPS 0.6% 20.1% 7.2% 15.3% 11.1% 5.6% 7.5% 36.2% 48.1% 59.4% 60.4% -0.2% 2.4% -13.2% -6.5% 11.9% -2.9% 5.5% 0.2% 9.9% 9.91%
FCF -9.6% 1.4% 1.7% 1.6% 1.5% 21.6% -19.4% 1.9% 20.6% 4.2% 2.0% 3.3% -60.1% -91.7% -1.2% -1.2% -1.1% -17.9% 1.7% -68.7% -68.67%
EBITDA -6.2% 3.6% -0.4% 10.9% 13.2% 10.7% 7.4% 28.4% 35.4% 37.4% 48.8% 3.9% 1.3% -3.1% -4.1% 13.3% 8.5% 9.6% 10.2% 21.9% 21.92%
Op. Income 1.1% 10.3% 5.1% 7.3% 8.6% 4.4% -2.2% 21.4% 29.7% 32.9% 49.8% -9.0% -9.3% -7.0% -6.0% 29.0% 20.0% 14.5% 12.4% 24.7% 24.68%
OCF Growth snapshot only 10.16%
Asset Growth snapshot only 19.85%
Equity Growth snapshot only 11.29%
Debt Growth snapshot only 32.57%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.49%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 9.02%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 2.3% 1.9% 1.8% 2.3% 2.1% 2.4% 2.7% 3.9% 6.3% 7.6% 7.5% 8.0% 8.3% 8.1% 8.1% 7.0% 6.3% 5.3% 5.7% 4.8% 4.83%
Revenue 5Y 4.7% 4.6% 4.3% 4.8% 5.1% 5.2% 5.0% 5.3% 5.7% 5.5% 5.3% 4.7% 4.4% 4.1% 4.4% 4.4% 5.0% 5.5% 5.7% 6.5% 6.50%
EPS 3Y -5.1% -4.3% -5.1% -1.3% -3.3% -3.7% -3.3% 9.8% 18.3% 26.5% 22.7% 16.2% 19.0% 13.5% 17.3% 15.0% 13.7% 13.4% 14.5% 7.1% 7.05%
EPS 5Y 15.0% 14.9% 10.7% 2.5% 1.2% -0.3% -0.8% 5.7% 7.1% 8.1% 8.1% 5.5% 6.5% 4.3% 6.3% 8.1% 10.5% 13.1% 11.6% 14.0% 14.02%
Net Income 3Y -5.5% -4.7% -5.5% -1.7% -3.7% -4.1% -3.4% 9.7% 18.1% 26.2% 22.9% 15.3% 18.0% 12.5% 15.5% 13.0% 11.6% 11.2% 12.2% 4.9% 4.85%
Net Income 5Y 14.7% 14.6% 10.5% 2.2% 1.0% -0.5% -1.0% 5.5% 6.9% 7.9% 7.9% 4.7% 5.7% 3.5% 5.1% 6.8% 9.0% 11.6% 10.4% 12.8% 12.75%
EBITDA 3Y 2.7% 1.9% 0.2% 0.3% -0.6% -0.3% -1.7% 7.8% 12.8% 16.4% 16.7% 13.9% 15.8% 13.8% 15.3% 14.7% 14.2% 13.4% 16.3% 12.8% 12.79%
EBITDA 5Y 20.3% 19.7% 16.3% 7.4% 6.7% 5.6% 4.5% 10.1% 10.7% 10.0% 9.9% 6.1% 6.2% 5.7% 6.3% 8.1% 9.6% 10.8% 11.0% 15.3% 15.35%
Gross Profit 3Y 1.3% 1.2% 0.9% 0.9% 0.3% 0.3% -0.4% 3.2% 6.3% 7.5% 7.6% 5.7% 6.6% 7.0% 8.2% 8.4% 8.4% 8.4% 10.0% 9.1% 9.07%
Gross Profit 5Y 5.4% 5.0% 4.2% 3.7% 3.3% 2.7% 2.0% 3.8% 4.5% 4.4% 4.6% 3.0% 3.1% 3.5% 4.1% 4.8% 5.9% 6.6% 6.9% 8.4% 8.43%
Op. Income 3Y 0.4% 0.5% -0.3% 1.0% -0.4% -1.2% -3.7% 6.9% 12.5% 15.3% 15.5% 5.8% 8.5% 8.9% 11.3% 12.5% 12.2% 12.3% 16.5% 13.5% 13.54%
Op. Income 5Y 7.6% 7.0% 5.0% 4.3% 3.7% 1.8% -0.0% 6.0% 7.4% 7.1% 7.8% 2.6% 3.0% 3.6% 4.7% 7.5% 9.2% 10.3% 10.2% 13.8% 13.78%
FCF 3Y — -19.8% -3.2% -20.1% -53.2% -24.2% -8.2% 57.7% — — — — — -19.3% — — — -29.2% -20.5% — —
FCF 5Y — -7.0% -1.0% -4.4% -20.1% — — — 45.5% 26.6% 17.0% 8.9% -2.4% -28.4% — — — — — — —
OCF 3Y -4.7% 0.1% 4.0% 2.7% 1.3% -2.7% -7.4% -5.5% -3.4% 4.4% 15.6% 4.1% -2.5% -7.4% -11.1% -6.6% -1.9% 5.5% 14.2% 12.5% 12.48%
OCF 5Y 6.8% 8.1% 9.1% 7.7% 6.3% 3.1% -0.4% -3.8% -7.4% -8.6% -9.6% -7.9% -6.1% -4.6% -3.2% 1.8% 7.4% 14.2% 23.0% 10.7% 10.71%
Assets 3Y 8.8% 8.8% 8.8% 8.4% 10.3% 10.3% 10.7% 9.9% 9.0% 9.4% 9.5% 8.9% 9.1% 8.9% 8.1% 8.5% 7.6% 7.2% 7.8% 11.2% 11.21%
Assets 5Y 10.1% 10.2% 9.8% 9.2% 10.0% 9.7% 9.7% 8.8% 9.2% 8.8% 8.9% 8.6% 9.2% 9.2% 8.4% 8.8% 8.4% 8.8% 9.6% 10.8% 10.83%
Equity 3Y 8.0% 7.7% 8.1% 8.2% 7.9% 8.2% 8.6% 9.8% 10.7% 11.3% 11.1% 9.9% 10.4% 10.3% 8.8% 9.0% 8.7% 7.4% 7.7% 8.4% 8.40%
Book Value 3Y 8.6% 8.2% 8.5% 8.6% 8.3% 8.5% 8.8% 9.9% 10.8% 11.5% 11.0% 10.8% 11.2% 11.3% 10.5% 10.9% 10.8% 9.5% 10.0% 10.7% 10.67%
Dividend 3Y 0.1% -1.1% -2.4% -1.0% 0.5% -7.7% -18.2% -35.5% — — — 4.2% — — — 62.8% 30.4% 14.8% 5.2% 4.9% 4.90%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.78 0.73 0.75 0.75 0.77 0.75 0.79 0.79 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.82 0.77 0.76 0.80 0.89 0.94 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.981
Earnings Stability 0.23 0.14 0.11 0.00 0.08 0.16 0.30 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.46 0.51 0.41 0.49 0.74 0.75 0.66 0.69 0.90 0.898
Margin Stability 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.941
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 1.00 0.92 0.97 0.94 0.96 0.98 0.97 0.85 0.81 0.50 0.50 0.99 1.00 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.98 0.99 1.00 0.96 0.963
Earnings Smoothness 1.00 0.83 0.93 0.86 0.89 0.94 0.92 0.69 0.61 0.54 0.54 0.97 0.99 0.83 0.88 0.92 0.94 0.98 0.99 0.91 0.910
ROE Trend -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 -0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.00 -0.001
Gross Margin Trend 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.024
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.022
Sustainable Growth Rate 7.0% 7.5% 7.2% 7.8% 7.6% 8.2% 8.9% 13.4% 15.3% 15.6% 15.5% 11.7% 11.9% 9.4% 9.3% 9.3% 8.6% 8.2% 8.4% 9.4% 9.36%
Internal Growth Rate 2.6% 2.8% 2.6% 2.9% 2.8% 3.0% 3.2% 5.2% 5.8% 6.2% 5.9% 4.6% 4.6% 3.7% 3.6% 3.6% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.4% 3.45%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.44 1.70 2.08 1.81 1.72 1.49 1.26 0.83 0.69 0.64 0.64 0.83 0.81 0.95 0.95 1.02 1.17 1.27 1.33 1.03 1.028
FCF/OCF -0.08 0.10 0.22 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.27 0.60 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.64 0.34 0.07 -0.18 -0.09 -0.02 0.04 0.09 -0.14 -0.141
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.145
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.448
CapEx/Revenue 7.5% 7.7% 7.8% 8.0% 8.2% 6.2% 4.4% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.7% 3.4% 5.0% 6.6% 6.7% 6.8% 6.9% 6.9% 7.4% 7.38%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 3.136
Accruals Ratio -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.001
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.017
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.711
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.34%
Dividend/Share $115.75 $113.20 $110.68 $113.21 $115.76 $87.96 $60.13 $30.07 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $34.20 $68.39 $102.92 $139.79 $143.93 $148.04 $151.30 $154.53 $156.91 $93.00
Payout Ratio 37.8% 35.1% 35.0% 32.9% 34.0% 25.8% 17.7% 6.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.3% 13.3% 21.8% 27.4% 27.5% 29.6% 30.4% 30.2% 27.3% 27.32%
FCF Payout Ratio — 2.0% 75.9% 1.4% 7.2% 1.3% 51.4% 12.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.7% 48.2% 3.4% — — — 6.0% 2.5% — —
Total Payout Ratio 44.3% 44.4% 47.6% 41.6% 39.8% 28.7% 17.7% 6.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.6% 26.5% 43.6% 54.7% 55.4% 59.8% 61.9% 61.9% 48.4% 48.42%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — — — 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.63 0.64 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.646
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.97 0.95 0.97 0.89 0.87 0.87 0.85 0.81 0.805
EBIT Margin 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.121
Asset Turnover 0.83 0.83 0.81 0.84 0.82 0.82 0.80 0.84 0.85 0.84 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.73 0.730
Equity Multiplier 2.81 2.77 2.81 2.74 2.82 2.78 2.86 2.71 2.78 2.70 2.77 2.68 2.70 2.65 2.72 2.69 2.73 2.72 2.83 2.81 2.806
Per Share
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $306.57 $322.53 $316.23 $343.58 $340.45 $340.66 $340.04 $468.07 $504.04 $543.12 $545.49 $466.93 $515.98 $471.32 $510.01 $522.46 $500.99 $497.03 $510.99 $574.24 $574.24
Book Value/Share $2838.71 $2941.24 $2978.27 $3081.07 $3097.81 $3265.79 $3311.63 $3466.85 $3500.52 $3679.99 $3734.73 $3810.21 $3907.43 $4051.28 $4016.52 $4201.78 $4213.08 $4290.34 $4408.66 $4699.08 $2424.02
Tangible Book/Share $2628.37 $2691.87 $2716.30 $2820.39 $2833.54 $2983.34 $3027.06 $3173.03 $3190.78 $3361.59 $3417.07 $3492.06 $3569.95 $3696.88 $3674.87 $3872.17 $3893.11 $3970.57 $4090.14 $4078.16 $4078.16
Revenue/Share $6344.99 $6413.89 $6513.48 $6771.01 $6903.89 $7094.92 $7154.70 $7449.40 $7768.58 $7900.66 $7979.52 $8131.81 $8245.27 $8326.61 $8620.14 $8735.22 $8793.94 $8787.19 $8989.63 $9132.07 $4596.05
FCF/Share $-35.28 $55.34 $145.86 $80.95 $16.07 $67.15 $117.01 $233.95 $346.01 $347.95 $351.75 $248.93 $141.90 $29.89 $-85.86 $-49.22 $-12.11 $25.28 $62.65 $-83.42 $0.00
OCF/Share $442.88 $549.66 $656.44 $620.50 $584.71 $507.53 $428.89 $389.89 $346.01 $347.95 $351.75 $388.05 $420.14 $448.57 $482.85 $533.39 $584.28 $631.98 $679.56 $590.50 $0.00
Cash/Share $556.12 $583.96 $650.80 $526.49 $580.78 $484.76 $590.56 $548.90 $638.29 $617.44 $578.17 $704.22 $883.81 $829.32 $682.69 $536.19 $643.06 $563.22 $631.61 $704.95 $371.25
EBITDA/Share $607.22 $630.76 $629.40 $676.05 $686.32 $696.66 $672.33 $863.50 $925.40 $956.70 $1003.16 $923.99 $964.64 $954.66 $1009.54 $1076.17 $1082.28 $1078.61 $1125.51 $1318.51 $1318.51
Debt/Share $2180.59 $2183.97 $2437.03 $2339.67 $2728.47 $2764.05 $3229.16 $2962.75 $3074.25 $3096.28 $3408.46 $3444.98 $3570.05 $3645.06 $4035.06 $3910.21 $4225.61 $4325.87 $5062.27 $5209.12 $5209.12
Net Debt/Share $1624.47 $1600.01 $1786.24 $1813.18 $2147.70 $2279.29 $2638.60 $2413.85 $2435.97 $2478.84 $2830.29 $2740.76 $2686.25 $2815.74 $3352.37 $3374.03 $3582.55 $3762.65 $4430.66 $4504.17 $4504.17
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 4 6 5 4 6 6 6 5 7 5 5 4 4 7 5 5 5 5 5
Beneish M-Score -2.53 -2.55 -2.60 -2.47 -2.61 -2.51 -2.46 -2.50 -2.28 -2.29 -2.29 -2.06 -2.31 -2.43 -2.30 -2.49 -2.41 -2.46 -2.41 -2.06 -2.058
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -10.121
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 15.52%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-1115.17
EVA snapshot only $-118448222986.54
Credit
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB+
Credit Score 65.40 66.90 67.80 65.70 65.10 65.10 61.75 66.75 67.65 68.85 68.85 66.70 64.55 64.55 63.65 63.70 63.70 60.25 60.25 60.85 60.850
Credit Grade snapshot only 8
Credit Trend snapshot only -2.850
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 225.000

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