— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: ELKEF (OTC) · $vol 0M

ELK.OL OSL

Elkem ASA
1W: -0.1% 1M: -1.9% 3M: +8.7% YTD: +18.0% 1Y: +31.6% 3Y: +53.7% 5Y: +27.6%
kr 33.96 ($3.53)
+1.46 (+4.49%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±5.0%
kr 31 kr 32 kr 34 kr 36 kr 37
OSL · Basic Materials · Chemicals - Specialty · Tech Score Sell · Power 37 · kr 12.3B mcap · 188M float · 0.473% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. ELK.OL receives an overall rating of C-. Strongest factors: P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-07-01 C C-
2026-05-18 C- C
2026-04-07 None ADDED
2026-04-06 EXISTED None
2026-04-01 C C-
2026-03-02 C- C
2026-01-03 C C-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 21 Grade D
Profitability
5
Balance Sheet
63
Earnings Quality
52
Growth
13
Value
49
Momentum
20
Safety
50
Cash Flow
30
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. ELK.OL scores highest in Balance Sheet (63/100) and lowest in Profitability (5/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
1.92
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
3/9
✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
8.90
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.83
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BB
Score: 43.6/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -2.48x
Accruals: -8.0%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. ELK.OL scores 1.92, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. ELK.OL scores 3/9, suggesting weak financial fundamentals — the company fails the majority of these accounting tests. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. ELK.OL's score of 8.90 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. ELK.OL's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. ELK.OL receives an estimated rating of BB (score: 43.6/100), with a deteriorating trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-17.49x
PEG
0.10x
P/S
0.79x
P/B
1.19x
P/FCF
23.12x
P/OCF
6.35x
EV/EBITDA
9.46x
EV/Revenue
1.32x
EV/EBIT
28.84x
EV/FCF
33.98x
Earnings Yield
-6.34%
FCF Yield
4.32%
Shareholder Yield
0.00%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. ELK.OL currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
-1.517
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.821
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.046
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.404
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.120
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-4.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. ELK.OL's ROE of -4.9% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.404), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of -1.52 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$33.96
Median 1Y
$34.07
5th Pctile
$17.22
95th Pctile
$67.62
Ann. Volatility
41.5%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 18.5% 28.6% 36.6% 42.9% 45.7% 39.5% 29.9% 19.2% 5.4% 0.4% -4.8% -2.0% 0.2% 1.9% 2.9% -1.8% -2.1% -2.7% -1.8% -4.9% -4.89%
ROA 7.9% 12.7% 17.0% 21.1% 23.0% 20.2% 15.4% 9.7% 2.7% 0.2% -2.4% -1.0% 0.1% 0.9% 1.4% -0.9% -1.0% -1.3% -0.9% -2.3% -2.31%
ROIC 12.2% 18.4% 24.5% 29.6% 32.8% 28.0% 21.6% 13.2% 3.7% 0.9% 0.8% 0.2% 1.7% 7.6% 7.0% 2.8% 2.9% 2.7% 1.7% 2.2% 2.23%
ROCE 13.1% 20.3% 26.2% 31.4% 33.9% 30.4% 23.6% 17.6% 7.7% 4.5% 0.8% 0.8% 2.0% 3.8% 5.0% 4.0% 3.2% 3.1% 1.2% 3.0% 2.97%
Gross Margin 53.0% 41.1% 53.9% 55.1% 55.0% 26.1% 44.7% 39.9% 39.7% -4.9% -1.3% 46.1% 49.9% 54.3% 54.3% 52.2% 6.9% 54.5% -4.9% 2.4% 2.41%
Operating Margin 19.5% 24.4% 28.9% 31.1% 35.1% 2.3% 15.7% 5.1% -2.8% 0.0% 1.5% 2.5% 6.1% 7.9% 10.2% 7.6% 7.3% 5.2% -3.5% 6.6% 6.57%
Net Margin 15.9% 19.2% 22.8% 24.5% 27.6% 8.8% 9.9% 0.7% -5.9% -5.7% -5.6% 10.3% 1.2% -0.4% -5.0% -7.2% 0.7% -4.5% 0.7% -21.8% -21.76%
EBITDA Margin 25.3% 31.4% 33.5% 35.8% 40.5% 17.7% 21.4% 11.1% 6.7% 8.1% 8.6% 12.3% 15.2% 30.8% 27.2% 15.0% 16.8% 23.2% 2.8% 13.1% 13.06%
FCF Margin 5.2% 5.0% 8.3% 10.1% 11.1% 11.3% 6.9% 2.8% -0.8% -5.4% -5.3% -6.0% -6.9% -4.5% -7.1% -5.7% -8.2% -6.9% -2.0% 3.9% 3.89%
OCF Margin 14.7% 14.9% 17.7% 19.2% 19.9% 20.7% 17.5% 15.3% 13.9% 8.7% 9.1% 7.0% 3.5% 7.4% 4.8% 8.3% 8.0% 7.1% 10.2% 14.2% 14.17%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only -3.66%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 8.58%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only -1.67%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 0.03%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 1.80%
Cash ROA snapshot only 7.66%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 11.56%
CROIC snapshot only 3.17%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 2.73%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 3.76%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 6.60 3.09 2.76 1.83 1.72 1.92 2.35 3.14 9.33 135.99 -10.27 -25.15 277.86 22.39 18.22 -33.63 -32.73 -28.97 -41.81 -15.76 -17.490
P/S Ratio 0.61 0.43 0.48 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.39 0.37 0.38 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.53 0.73 0.99 1.17 1.10 0.90 0.791
P/B Ratio 1.05 0.72 0.80 0.64 0.63 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.50 0.50 0.42 0.53 0.63 0.70 0.81 0.76 1.12 1.189
P/FCF 11.87 8.68 5.84 3.81 3.65 3.60 6.19 13.83 -48.88 -7.13 -7.69 -6.59 -5.83 -8.62 -7.47 -12.76 -11.96 -16.93 -55.87 23.12 23.122
P/OCF 4.18 2.91 2.72 2.00 2.04 1.97 2.46 2.56 2.66 4.39 4.50 5.67 11.49 5.29 11.06 8.83 12.36 16.45 10.73 6.35 6.349
EV/EBITDA 4.29 2.46 2.12 1.53 1.36 1.47 1.79 2.59 4.10 5.47 8.24 7.94 6.79 4.65 4.72 5.68 6.80 8.42 11.50 9.46 9.460
EV/Revenue 0.81 0.60 0.60 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.53 0.61 0.60 0.67 0.72 0.71 0.75 0.69 0.90 1.19 1.53 1.73 1.66 1.32 1.322
EV/EBIT 6.38 3.28 2.63 1.81 1.57 1.71 2.15 3.40 6.94 12.86 69.53 75.12 28.82 13.21 11.96 16.64 18.23 26.73 54.35 28.84 28.843
EV/FCF 15.63 11.98 7.25 4.86 4.32 4.19 7.58 21.52 -79.73 -12.53 -13.56 -11.89 -10.90 -15.34 -12.63 -20.70 -18.56 -25.04 -84.66 33.98 33.984
Earnings Yield 15.1% 32.4% 36.3% 54.6% 58.0% 52.1% 42.5% 31.8% 10.7% 0.7% -9.7% -4.0% 0.4% 4.5% 5.5% -3.0% -3.1% -3.5% -2.4% -6.3% -6.34%
FCF Yield 8.4% 11.5% 17.1% 26.3% 27.4% 27.8% 16.2% 7.2% -2.0% -14.0% -13.0% -15.2% -17.1% -11.6% -13.4% -7.8% -8.4% -5.9% -1.8% 4.3% 4.32%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.104
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 1.161
EV/OCF snapshot only 9.331
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 8.881
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 34.612
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.00%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.01 1.75 1.92 2.05 2.21 2.25 2.41 1.98 2.11 2.03 2.00 2.00 2.20 2.86 2.95 3.05 3.27 0.94 2.02 2.70 2.702
Quick Ratio 1.38 1.12 1.28 1.36 1.44 1.38 1.54 1.12 1.26 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.28 2.44 2.49 2.56 1.67 0.47 1.12 1.77 1.770
Debt/Equity 0.74 0.63 0.55 0.49 0.45 0.43 0.51 0.59 0.65 0.67 0.67 0.62 0.71 0.50 0.48 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.92 0.916
Net Debt/Equity 0.33 0.27 0.19 0.18 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.33 0.34 0.41 0.41 0.40 0.44 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.53 0.526
Debt/Assets 0.34 0.30 0.28 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.34 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.40 0.398
Debt/EBITDA 2.31 1.56 1.18 0.92 0.82 0.85 1.21 1.64 3.06 3.86 5.75 5.43 5.12 3.09 2.57 2.85 3.19 3.52 5.14 5.26 5.264
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.03 0.68 0.41 0.33 0.21 0.21 0.33 0.93 1.59 2.36 3.56 3.54 3.16 2.03 1.93 2.18 2.42 2.73 3.91 3.02 3.023
Interest Coverage 14.20 27.56 41.88 55.42 62.89 44.65 28.74 11.26 3.68 1.75 0.29 0.30 0.91 1.69 2.45 2.18 2.50 2.16 1.11 1.49 1.491
Equity Multiplier 2.21 2.11 1.98 1.93 1.85 1.84 1.91 2.03 2.09 2.08 2.07 1.99 2.05 2.06 2.01 2.03 1.99 1.98 1.99 2.30 2.301
Cash Ratio snapshot only 1.020
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 4.545
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.426
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.053
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1495.6 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.84 0.78 0.69 0.67 0.60 0.62 0.61 0.54 0.49 0.42 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.40 0.404
Inventory Turnover 2.73 2.65 2.89 2.89 2.71 2.59 2.51 2.40 2.33 2.47 2.75 2.73 2.64 2.42 1.70 1.40 1.29 1.60 2.11 2.58 2.582
Receivables Turnover 8.94 9.33 9.36 9.72 9.84 10.54 9.41 8.57 8.30 9.24 8.22 8.22 8.91 11.46 8.79 6.88 6.11 9.35 8.09 7.20 7.200
Payables Turnover 4.78 4.43 4.93 5.16 5.47 4.69 4.83 4.74 4.91 4.50 4.94 5.07 5.08 4.94 3.52 2.99 3.06 4.93 7.31 8.06 8.055
DSO 41 39 39 38 37 35 39 43 44 40 44 44 41 32 42 53 60 39 45 51 50.7 days
DIO 134 138 126 126 135 141 145 152 157 148 133 133 138 151 214 261 283 228 173 141 141.3 days
DPO 76 82 74 71 67 78 76 77 74 81 74 72 72 74 104 122 119 74 50 45 45.3 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 98 94 91 93 105 98 109 118 126 106 103 106 107 109 152 193 223 193 169 147 146.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 1.969
Operating Cycle snapshot only 192.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 3.193
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.849
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 32.4% 37.7% 48.6% 58.9% 51.4% 36.1% 13.9% -6.7% -19.0% -23.5% -24.2% -19.9% -12.7% -18.5% -24.8% -35.6% -46.9% -41.0% -33.3% -24.2% -24.21%
Net Income 17.5% 18.4% 8.8% 5.9% 2.8% 1.1% 19.0% -44.7% -86.3% -99.0% -1.2% -1.1% -96.8% 4.0% 1.6% 11.0% -12.1% -2.4% -1.6% -98.9% -98.88%
EPS 15.8% 16.7% 8.0% 5.8% 2.9% 1.1% 18.8% -44.6% -86.3% -99.0% -1.2% -1.1% -96.8% 4.0% 1.6% 11.0% -12.1% -2.4% -1.6% -1.9% -1.88%
FCF 3.8% 8.0% 12.8% 4.4% 2.3% 2.1% -4.1% -73.9% -1.1% -1.4% -1.6% -2.7% -6.9% 31.6% -0.9% 38.5% 36.3% 9.8% 81.6% 1.5% 1.51%
EBITDA 1.5% 2.1% 2.5% 2.6% 1.8% 81.5% 19.2% -31.6% -66.3% -70.8% -77.6% -69.3% -34.6% -1.4% 64.0% 49.8% 8.2% -18.7% -49.3% -49.3% -49.30%
Op. Income 5.1% 6.0% 5.8% 4.7% 2.8% 94.4% 11.5% -46.3% -85.3% -84.4% -96.2% -98.2% -59.8% -35.6% 3.0% 13.1% 74.9% 11.3% -52.4% -62.0% -62.03%
OCF Growth snapshot only 29.59%
Asset Growth snapshot only -40.34%
Equity Growth snapshot only -47.51%
Debt Growth snapshot only -6.53%
Shares Change snapshot only -30.92%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -1.00%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 15.3% 8.9% 14.5% 21.4% 24.5% 25.9% 24.4% 21.4% 17.5% 12.8% 8.7% 5.9% 2.3% -5.3% -13.4% -21.6% -27.8% -28.3% -27.6% -26.9% -26.87%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — 46.4% 24.2% 13.4% 6.1% 5.3% 6.0% 6.4% 4.5% 1.9% -1.6% -5.5% -7.2% -8.4% -10.3% -10.33%
EPS 3Y -5.3% 8.3% 24.8% 62.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.3% 1.1% 1.1% -28.1% — — -74.4% -52.8% -52.3% — — — — — —
EPS 5Y — — — — — — 58.2% 17.1% -14.8% -51.6% — — -48.9% -12.2% 1.2% — — — — — —
Net Income 3Y -2.2% 11.5% 28.6% 67.0% 1.1% 1.2% 1.3% 1.2% 1.1% -26.0% — — -74.5% -52.8% -52.3% — — — — — —
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — 61.1% 19.3% -13.3% -50.7% — — -48.0% -10.6% 3.0% — — — — — —
EBITDA 3Y 7.1% 13.6% 26.4% 49.4% 68.5% 70.4% 67.1% 53.8% 33.7% 18.0% -2.2% -9.3% -14.4% -19.5% -24.0% -32.0% -37.9% -38.4% -42.9% -38.5% -38.45%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — 58.9% 24.8% 3.3% -4.9% -11.6% -6.9% 1.1% 7.3% 11.4% 10.9% 11.1% 5.6% -4.9% -10.7% -10.73%
Gross Profit 3Y 9.1% 5.3% 12.5% 22.4% 27.4% 31.2% 27.8% 20.8% 13.2% 2.2% -16.8% -18.1% -19.3% -14.6% -13.0% -21.0% -32.5% -31.5% -39.0% -48.1% -48.12%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — 42.1% 17.9% 5.3% -4.9% -14.1% -11.6% -8.6% 0.6% 5.4% 2.6% -5.3% -6.8% -15.9% -27.6% -27.57%
Op. Income 3Y -0.1% 11.8% 29.7% 61.6% 94.5% 1.0% 1.1% 94.8% 50.0% 28.6% -34.0% -61.8% -39.5% -41.9% -44.4% -48.3% -53.1% -51.8% -58.1% -53.9% -53.92%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — 58.3% 20.0% -11.3% -15.7% -37.8% -47.1% -15.4% -3.9% 6.7% 13.7% 18.9% 8.8% -11.1% -21.5% -21.52%
FCF 3Y -3.3% -14.0% 14.1% 47.9% 91.1% — 5.1% — — — — — — — — — — — — -18.6% -18.63%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — 55.3% -0.8% — — — — — — — — — — — -5.4% -5.43%
OCF 3Y 15.8% 3.0% 20.7% 37.1% 47.4% 71.8% 43.8% 44.2% 40.5% 12.5% 11.4% -10.2% -36.7% -25.1% -43.9% -40.8% -46.8% -49.8% -39.4% -28.7% -28.67%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — 59.3% 25.2% 12.5% -7.8% -4.9% -6.9% -16.9% 2.4% -14.1% -3.4% -5.9% -11.0% -4.8% -6.4% -6.38%
Assets 3Y 12.4% 10.4% 13.4% 19.9% 22.2% 22.1% 20.2% 17.6% 18.2% 17.8% 16.1% 12.6% 10.9% 8.5% 3.4% -1.0% -4.0% -3.5% -6.0% -18.2% -18.22%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — 15.4% 13.5% 14.1% 10.2% 10.5% 11.7% 12.2% 13.0% 8.8% 8.3% 8.4% 9.0% 7.7% -3.9% -3.90%
Equity 3Y 10.6% 13.3% 17.4% 27.0% 31.0% 30.6% 31.3% 27.1% 25.8% 24.8% 22.6% 16.4% 13.6% 9.4% 2.8% -2.5% -6.4% -5.8% -7.2% -21.6% -21.59%
Book Value 3Y 7.2% 10.0% 13.9% 23.2% 27.1% 26.7% 27.4% 23.3% 22.2% 21.2% 19.4% 16.0% 13.8% 9.4% 2.9% -2.4% -6.4% -5.8% -7.1% -11.2% -11.19%
Dividend 3Y 60.8% 62.7% -58.7% 3.6% 3.7% 1.9% 1.3% 21.4% 21.5% 22.5% 22.9% — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.80 0.43 0.59 0.71 0.80 0.91 0.98 0.89 0.72 0.50 0.45 0.38 0.29 0.12 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.10 0.19 0.33 0.327
Earnings Stability 0.03 0.04 0.32 0.37 0.42 0.47 0.58 0.38 0.11 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.13 0.20 0.36 0.364
Margin Stability 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.85 0.80 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.81 0.69 0.69 0.73 0.83 0.64 0.53 0.532
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.92 0.82 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.83 0.42 0.00 0.00 — — 0.00 0.00 — — — — — — —
ROE Trend 0.11 0.19 0.24 0.29 0.28 0.21 0.09 -0.02 -0.20 -0.28 -0.33 -0.29 -0.21 -0.15 -0.08 -0.10 -0.05 -0.04 -0.01 -0.05 -0.052
Gross Margin Trend 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.00 -0.05 -0.11 -0.17 -0.29 -0.26 -0.22 -0.04 0.18 0.21 0.12 0.09 -0.07 -0.21 -0.212
FCF Margin Trend 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.03 -0.04 -0.09 -0.14 -0.13 -0.12 -0.12 -0.07 -0.08 -0.04 -0.04 -0.02 0.04 0.10 0.098
Sustainable Growth Rate 7.8% 18.5% 35.8% 33.6% 37.4% 31.6% 22.7% 4.4% -8.7% -14.0% — — 0.2% 1.9% 2.9% — — — — — —
Internal Growth Rate 3.5% 9.0% 20.0% 19.8% 23.2% 19.3% 13.2% 2.3% — — — — 0.1% 0.9% 1.4% — — — — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.58 1.06 1.01 0.91 0.85 0.97 0.96 1.23 3.50 30.99 -2.29 -4.43 24.17 4.24 1.65 -3.81 -2.65 -1.76 -3.90 -2.48 -2.483
FCF/OCF 0.35 0.34 0.47 0.53 0.56 0.55 0.40 0.19 -0.05 -0.62 -0.58 -0.86 -1.97 -0.61 -1.48 -0.69 -1.03 -0.97 -0.19 0.27 0.275
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.682
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 1.014
CapEx/Revenue 9.5% 9.9% 9.4% 9.1% 8.8% 9.4% 10.5% 12.4% 14.7% 14.1% 14.4% 13.0% 10.4% 11.9% 11.9% 14.0% 16.2% 14.0% 12.2% 10.3% 10.28%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.094
Accruals Ratio -0.05 -0.01 -0.00 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.07 -0.06 -0.08 -0.05 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.08 -0.080
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.454
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.379
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 8.7% 11.5% 0.8% 11.9% 10.6% 10.4% 10.3% 24.5% 28.2% 28.9% 28.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 0.0% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $2.50 $2.59 $0.22 $3.05 $3.06 $2.99 $2.98 $5.99 $6.01 $6.02 $6.02 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.30 $0.30 $0.30 $0.30 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio 57.5% 35.4% 2.2% 21.7% 18.3% 19.9% 24.2% 77.0% 2.6% 39.3% — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — — — —
FCF Payout Ratio 1.0% 99.6% 4.6% 45.2% 38.8% 37.2% 63.6% 3.4% — — — — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.00%
Total Payout Ratio 68.7% 41.6% 5.9% 24.5% 18.9% 20.5% 24.9% 78.2% 2.6% 39.8% — — 2.2% 0.2% 0.1% — — — — — —
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 — — — — 0 0 0 0 — —
Chowder Number 3.65 3.81 -0.92 0.34 0.33 0.26 12.48 1.21 1.24 1.30 1.29 — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield 1.7% 2.0% 1.4% 1.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield -8.7% -11.4% -8.9% 1.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% -0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% 0.0% -12.4% -12.45%
Total Shareholder Return -0.0% 0.1% -8.2% 13.3% 10.9% 10.6% 10.3% 24.7% 28.0% 29.0% 29.0% 0.3% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% -12.4% -12.45%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.77 0.74 0.59 0.10 2.20 0.59 -0.19 1.15 0.84 -0.61 -0.63 -1.25 -0.85 -1.52 -1.517
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.94 0.78 0.53 -1.74 -2.82 -0.30 0.29 0.46 0.50 0.57 0.50 1.01 0.82 0.821
EBIT Margin 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.28 0.25 0.18 0.09 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.046
Asset Turnover 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.84 0.78 0.69 0.67 0.60 0.62 0.61 0.54 0.49 0.42 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.40 0.404
Equity Multiplier 2.34 2.25 2.15 2.03 1.98 1.95 1.94 1.98 1.96 1.95 1.99 2.01 2.07 2.07 2.04 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.00 2.12 2.120
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $4.34 $7.30 $10.38 $14.05 $16.73 $15.04 $12.33 $7.78 $2.29 $0.15 $-2.04 $-0.79 $0.07 $0.77 $1.13 $-0.70 $-0.80 $-1.05 $-0.68 $-2.03 $-2.03
Book Value/Share $27.29 $31.21 $35.78 $40.39 $45.74 $45.04 $46.64 $40.77 $39.54 $38.37 $38.77 $39.74 $40.27 $40.86 $39.02 $37.58 $37.56 $37.68 $37.39 $28.56 $28.82
Tangible Book/Share $23.43 $27.20 $31.70 $36.59 $41.85 $41.32 $42.74 $36.68 $35.55 $34.47 $34.73 $36.65 $36.59 $40.00 $38.23 $36.80 $36.80 $36.94 $36.69 $27.54 $27.54
Revenue/Share $46.65 $52.18 $59.32 $66.95 $70.93 $70.81 $67.49 $62.54 $57.50 $54.34 $51.40 $50.32 $50.29 $44.26 $38.64 $32.39 $26.68 $26.10 $25.77 $35.54 $35.54
FCF/Share $2.41 $2.60 $4.90 $6.76 $7.89 $8.02 $4.69 $1.77 $-0.44 $-2.92 $-2.73 $-3.02 $-3.46 $-2.00 $-2.75 $-1.86 $-2.20 $-1.80 $-0.51 $1.38 $1.38
OCF/Share $6.86 $7.75 $10.50 $12.85 $14.14 $14.65 $11.80 $9.55 $8.01 $4.74 $4.66 $3.51 $1.75 $3.26 $1.86 $2.68 $2.13 $1.85 $2.64 $5.04 $5.04
Cash/Share $11.24 $11.10 $12.78 $12.64 $15.34 $14.56 $17.49 $10.38 $12.45 $10.04 $9.81 $8.58 $10.92 $6.93 $4.72 $4.58 $4.62 $4.24 $4.56 $11.13 $11.13
EBITDA/Share $8.80 $12.63 $16.72 $21.43 $25.09 $22.85 $19.91 $14.66 $8.47 $6.70 $4.49 $4.52 $5.55 $6.60 $7.36 $6.77 $6.00 $5.36 $3.73 $4.97 $4.97
Debt/Share $20.32 $19.68 $19.70 $19.77 $20.59 $19.31 $23.99 $23.97 $25.90 $25.83 $25.80 $24.57 $28.44 $20.35 $18.89 $19.33 $19.13 $18.86 $19.14 $26.15 $26.15
Net Debt/Share $9.07 $8.58 $6.92 $7.13 $5.25 $4.75 $6.51 $13.60 $13.45 $15.78 $15.99 $15.99 $17.52 $13.42 $14.17 $14.75 $14.51 $14.61 $14.57 $15.02 $15.02
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.916
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 3.943
Piotroski F-Score 8 8 8 7 8 6 6 4 4 4 3 5 6 7 7 6 4 3 2 3 3
Beneish M-Score -2.27 -2.23 -1.99 -1.79 -1.94 -1.96 -2.28 -2.53 -2.88 -6.58 -21.23 -2.82 -2.67 -3.29 -3.58 -3.11 1.80 0.05 -6.11 8.90 8.902
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.832
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 4.45%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-7.41
EVA snapshot only $-1484064846.42
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BB
Credit Score 61.78 64.51 71.00 79.03 84.21 84.89 74.33 63.52 51.28 44.25 31.36 30.78 30.24 49.15 52.15 51.76 43.99 31.58 33.62 43.63 43.631
Credit Grade snapshot only 12
Credit Trend snapshot only -8.134
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 475.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 30
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 32

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