$102.69

-0.50 (-0.48%)

Weekly Expected Move ±4.9%

$84 $88 $93 $98 $102

NYSE · Technology · Information Technology Services · Alpha Radar Sell · Power 45 · $5.4B mcap · 50M float · 3.03% daily turnover · Short 63% of daily vol

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

WEAK EDGE

41.0 / 100

NoneWeakNarrowWide

Primary source: Efficient Scale · ROIC: 15.9% · 5Y Avg: 20.7%

Cost Advantage

Intangibles

Switching Cost

Network Effect

Scale ★

The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. EPAM shows a Weak competitive edge (41.0/100) — limited structural advantages that may face competitive pressure. The primary source of advantage is Efficient Scale. ROIC of 15.9% confirms the company is generating returns well above its cost of capital — a hallmark of durable competitive advantages.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets

$110

Low

$111

Avg Target

$112

High

Based on 3 analysts since May 7, 2026 earnings

Analyst Recommendations

Strong Buy: 0Buy: 25Hold: 11Sell: 1Strong Sell: 0

Rating Summary

ConsensusBuy

Avg Target$141.50

Analysts6

Price Target Change History

Date	Firm	Analyst	Old	New	Change	Upside @ Call	Stock@Call
2026-05-08	Morgan Stanley	—	$148	$112	-36	+12.2%	$99.81
2026-05-08	Truist Financial	—	$146	$112	-34	+12.0%	$100.03
2026-05-08	Goldman Sachs	—	$235	$110	-125	+5.5%	$104.24
2026-05-05	Morgan Stanley	—	$160	$148	-12	+33.8%	$110.60
2026-05-04	Guggenheim	—	$350	$200	-150	+78.0%	$112.33
2026-05-04	Susquehanna	James Friedman	$300	$167	-133	+48.7%	$112.33
2026-02-20	Truist Financial	Arvind Ramnani	$220	$146	-74	+3.4%	$141.14
2026-02-20	Morgan Stanley	—	$175	$160	-15	+15.0%	$139.16
2026-02-19	Goldman Sachs	James Schneider	Initiated	$235	—	+68.9%	$139.16
2026-01-14	Wells Fargo	Jason Kupferberg	$185	$247	+62	+16.5%	$211.99
2026-01-06	Truist Financial	—	Initiated	$220	—	+6.5%	$206.61
2025-10-21	Wells Fargo	Jason Kupferberg	$510	$185	-325	+19.3%	$155.08
2025-09-09	Morgan Stanley	James Faucette	$256	$175	-81	+6.1%	$164.94
2025-04-25	Barclays	—	$265	$200	-65	+25.7%	$159.12
2025-01-31	Morgan Stanley	James Faucette	$225	$256	+31	+0.8%	$253.96
2024-11-13	Mizuho Securities	Dan Dolev	$245	$282	+37	+46.0%	$193.21
2024-09-24	Piper Sandler	Arvind Ramnani	$230	$225	-5	+13.3%	$198.63
2024-09-05	Mizuho Securities	Dan Dolev	$258	$245	-13	+20.4%	$203.54
2024-08-21	Deutsche Bank	Bryan Keane	Initiated	$204	—	+1.6%	$200.85
2024-07-16	Jefferies	Surinder Thind	$202	$237	+35	+13.2%	$209.35
2024-06-13	Piper Sandler	Arvind Ramnani	$403	$230	-173	+27.7%	$180.05
2024-05-14	Mizuho Securities	Sean Kennedy	Initiated	$258	—	+35.3%	$190.72
2024-05-10	Needham	Mayank Tandon	$275	$210	-65	+15.4%	$182.04
2024-05-10	Jefferies	Surinder Thind	Initiated	$202	—	+11.4%	$181.37
2024-05-10	Scotiabank	Sector Perform	Initiated	$245	—	+34.7%	$181.93
2024-05-09	Wedbush	Moshe Katri	$400	$230	-170	+26.4%	$181.93
2024-04-26	Barclays	Ramsey El-Assal	$410	$265	-145	+11.8%	$237.13
2024-04-25	Morgan Stanley	James Faucette	$465	$225	-240	-5.1%	$237.13
2024-03-18	Guggenheim	Jonathan Lee	Initiated	$350	—	+19.6%	$292.70
2024-01-07	HSBC	Phani Kanumuri	Initiated	$350	—	+17.7%	$297.44
2023-06-09	Susquehanna	James E Friedman	$475	$300	-175	+42.0%	$211.33
2023-06-05	Needham	Mayank Tandon	$285	$275	-10	+33.0%	$206.77
2022-09-23	Susquehanna	James Friedman Friedman	$370	$475	+105	+30.5%	$364.12
2022-08-04	Stifel Nicolaus	David Grossman	$411	$500	+89	+23.8%	$403.71
2022-06-11	Wedbush	Moshe Katri	Initiated	$400	—	+31.8%	$303.49
2022-06-08	Piper Sandler	Arvind Ramnani	$348	$403	+55	+21.7%	$331.13
2022-05-16	Susquehanna	James Friedman	$490	$370	-120	+15.9%	$319.25
2022-05-09	Barclays	Ramsey El-Assal	Initiated	$410	—	+18.2%	$347.00
2022-05-06	Stifel Nicolaus	David Grossman	$385	$411	+26	+19.6%	$343.52
2022-05-05	Morgan Stanley	James Faucette	$450	$465	+15	+34.0%	$347.00
2022-05-02	Piper Sandler	Arvind Ramnani	$359	$348	-11	+31.3%	$264.99
2022-04-12	Wolfe Research	Darrin Peller	$550	$390	-160	+26.6%	$307.99
2022-04-09	Morgan Stanley	James Faucette	Initiated	$450	—	+45.8%	$308.69
2022-04-02	Piper Sandler	Arvind Ramnani	Initiated	$359	—	+25.1%	$287.04
2022-03-10	Needham	Mayank Tandon	Initiated	$285	—	+42.4%	$200.14
2022-03-03	Cowen & Co.	Bryan Bergin	Initiated	$355	—	+78.8%	$198.52
2022-03-01	Stifel Nicolaus	David Grossman	Initiated	$385	—	+57.0%	$245.17
2022-02-17	Wolfe Research	Darrin Peller	Initiated	$550	—	+24.1%	$443.23
2022-02-17	Susquehanna	James Friedman	Initiated	$490	—	+10.6%	$443.23
2021-11-22	VTB Capital	Vladimir Bespalov	Initiated	$750	—	+24.4%	$602.94

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

May 22, 2026

DCF

ROE

ROA

D/E

P/E

P/B

The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. EPAM receives an overall rating of A. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5).

Rating Change History

Date	From	To
2026-05-07	A-	A
2026-05-04	B+	A-
2026-04-01	A-	B+
2026-03-20	B+	A-
2026-03-04	A-	B+
2026-02-27	B+	A-
2026-02-24	A-	B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 64 Grade A

Profitability

Balance Sheet

Earnings Quality

Growth

Value

Momentum

Safety

100

Cash Flow

The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. EPAM scores highest in Safety (100/100) and lowest in Profitability (34/100). An overall grade of A places EPAM among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score

6.12

Safe Zone

Piotroski F-Score

6/9

✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓

Beneish M-Score

-2.55

Unlikely Manipulator

Ohlson O-Score

-10.38

Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%

Low Risk

Credit Rating

AA+

Score: 91.7/100

Trend: Improving

Earnings Quality

100/100

OCF/NI: 1.54x

Accruals: -4.3%

The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. EPAM scores 6.12, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. EPAM scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. EPAM's score of -2.55 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. EPAM's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. EPAM receives an estimated rating of AA+ (score: 91.7/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). EPAM's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E

14.28x

PEG

-4.69x

P/S

0.97x

P/B

1.61x

P/FCF

13.49x

P/OCF

12.34x

EV/EBITDA

9.11x

EV/Revenue

1.11x

EV/EBIT

11.61x

EV/FCF

11.38x

Earnings Yield

5.27%

FCF Yield

7.41%

Shareholder Yield

8.21%

Graham Number

$104.40

Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 14.3x earnings, EPAM trades at a reasonable valuation. An earnings yield of 5.3% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $104.40 per share, suggesting a potential 2% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden

0.727

NI / EBT

Interest Burden

0.999

EBT / EBIT

EBIT Margin

0.096

EBIT / Rev

Asset Turnover

1.151

Rev / Assets

Equity Multiplier

1.321

Assets / Equity

ROE

10.6%

The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. EPAM's ROE of 10.6% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.151), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Adj. Growth Rate

0.00%

Fair P/E

8.50x

Intrinsic Value

$60.67

Price/Value

2.23x

Margin of Safety

-123.19%

Premium

123.19%

Assessment

Overvalued

Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with EPAM's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR — what the company actually delivered, not what analysts hope for. EPAM trades at a 123% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $60.67, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 14.3x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price

$102.70

Median 1Y

$83.37

5th Pctile

$32.73

95th Pctile

$212.37

Ann. Volatility

53.8%

Analyst Target

$141.50

25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target

Executive Compensation

C-suite compensation breakdown including salary, stock awards, options, and incentive pay. The CEO-to-employee pay ratio and Gini coefficient measure pay distribution fairness.

C-Suite Compensation

Executive	Salary	Stock	Total
Arkadiy Dobkin Executive Chair	$850,000	$6,192,284	$8,133,013
Balazs Fejes President and Chief Executive Officer	$756,300	$3,721,288	$5,244,588
Jason Peterson President, e President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer	$600,000	$2,996,096	$4,217,221
Larry Solomon President, e President, Chief People Officer and Head of Operations	$475,000	$1,997,583	$2,944,083
Viktar Dvorkin President, e President, Global Head of Engineering, Cloud and Enterprise Platforms	$475,000	$1,997,583	$2,944,083
Elaina Shekhter President, e President, Chief Strategy and Transformation Officer	$425,000	$1,498,048	$2,344,048

CEO Pay Ratio

355:1

CEO-to-Employee Pay Ratio

CEO Total Comp: $5,244,588

Avg Employee Cost (SGA/emp): $14,777

Employees: 62,850

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees

62,850

+2.7% YoY

Revenue / Employee

$86,827

Rev: $5,457,056,000

Profit / Employee

$6,009

NI: $377,678,000

SGA / Employee

$14,777

Avg labor cost proxy

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
ROE	22.3%	23.7%	21.5%	20.7%	16.4%	18.2%	15.3%	15.7%	19.4%	17.3%	12.9%	13.3%	12.7%	13.9%	12.8%	11.6%	11.3%	10.5%	10.3%	10.6%	10.59%
ROA	16.1%	17.1%	15.4%	14.8%	11.7%	13.0%	11.1%	11.5%	14.2%	12.6%	10.0%	10.3%	9.8%	10.7%	10.0%	9.0%	8.8%	8.2%	7.8%	8.0%	8.01%
ROIC	45.6%	50.4%	38.3%	38.9%	37.1%	38.7%	32.6%	31.7%	33.7%	29.4%	25.2%	25.7%	24.0%	26.8%	16.9%	15.8%	15.8%	15.4%	15.7%	15.9%	15.85%
ROCE	19.5%	21.7%	19.7%	20.4%	19.3%	20.6%	17.6%	17.3%	18.9%	17.6%	14.2%	14.0%	13.3%	14.3%	13.9%	13.6%	13.7%	12.9%	13.1%	13.6%	13.57%
Gross Margin	33.8%	33.9%	34.3%	33.4%	29.2%	32.6%	32.4%	29.3%	30.9%	31.1%	31.1%	28.4%	29.3%	34.6%	30.4%	26.9%	28.8%	27.2%	30.1%	25.6%	25.59%
Operating Margin	14.2%	14.6%	15.0%	11.0%	7.8%	14.7%	13.8%	9.9%	12.3%	9.9%	10.6%	9.5%	10.5%	15.2%	10.9%	7.6%	9.3%	11.2%	10.6%	8.5%	8.47%
Net Margin	13.0%	11.7%	12.8%	7.7%	1.6%	12.7%	12.6%	8.4%	10.3%	8.4%	8.4%	10.0%	8.6%	11.7%	8.3%	5.6%	6.5%	7.7%	7.8%	5.9%	5.89%
EBITDA Margin	18.3%	18.3%	18.4%	14.4%	10.7%	17.4%	16.6%	12.7%	15.2%	15.0%	13.5%	12.2%	13.2%	17.6%	13.8%	10.8%	12.4%	12.5%	12.4%	11.5%	11.47%
FCF Margin	11.7%	11.1%	12.3%	9.3%	8.9%	9.5%	7.9%	11.0%	11.6%	11.3%	11.4%	12.4%	11.9%	12.4%	11.1%	8.6%	8.1%	8.7%	11.2%	9.8%	9.79%
OCF Margin	13.7%	13.3%	15.2%	12.2%	11.6%	12.0%	9.6%	12.4%	12.7%	12.1%	12.0%	13.0%	12.4%	12.9%	11.8%	9.3%	8.9%	9.5%	12.0%	10.7%	10.70%
ROE 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				11.43%
ROE 5Y Avg	snapshot only																				13.45%
ROA 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				8.82%
ROIC 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				13.56%
ROIC Economic	snapshot only																				10.79%
Cash ROA	snapshot only																				12.13%
Cash ROIC	snapshot only																				23.54%
CROIC	snapshot only																				21.53%
NOPAT Margin	snapshot only																				7.20%
Pretax Margin	snapshot only																				9.57%
R&D / Revenue	snapshot only																				0.00%
SGA / Revenue	snapshot only																				16.89%
SBC / Revenue	snapshot only																				3.21%

Valuation

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
P/E Ratio	75.63	79.48	82.23	37.81	47.50	52.87	46.38	41.04	24.94	31.76	42.00	37.76	26.70	25.47	29.55	23.48	25.08	22.65	30.02	18.97	14.284
P/S Ratio	9.93	10.01	10.54	4.21	3.90	4.57	4.03	3.65	2.75	3.16	3.73	3.50	2.37	2.46	2.84	1.99	1.98	1.59	2.08	1.32	0.966
P/B Ratio	15.21	17.03	15.93	7.03	7.00	8.64	6.48	5.91	4.43	5.02	5.05	4.69	3.15	3.29	3.70	2.66	2.77	2.32	3.08	2.00	1.610
P/FCF	85.03	90.36	85.95	45.52	43.80	48.21	50.86	33.02	23.76	28.05	32.79	28.16	19.96	19.92	25.48	23.09	24.55	18.33	18.51	13.49	13.495
P/OCF	72.37	75.53	69.21	34.44	33.70	38.21	41.91	29.39	21.63	26.11	31.13	26.89	19.08	19.04	24.02	21.32	22.38	16.76	17.31	12.34	12.342
EV/EBITDA	50.42	52.02	55.86	22.76	23.78	28.45	25.11	23.19	15.70	19.10	23.63	22.12	14.49	14.51	18.32	12.75	12.99	11.11	15.47	9.11	9.114
EV/Revenue	9.56	9.68	10.22	3.92	3.63	4.32	3.71	3.33	2.43	2.84	3.32	3.09	1.95	2.05	2.60	1.76	1.76	1.38	1.87	1.11	1.113
EV/EBIT	65.86	66.83	70.81	28.84	30.43	35.71	31.25	28.69	19.10	23.51	29.58	27.74	18.26	17.91	22.59	16.02	16.57	14.41	19.85	11.61	11.612
EV/FCF	81.88	87.37	83.33	42.38	40.76	45.51	46.81	30.13	20.99	25.16	29.19	24.83	16.44	16.56	23.35	20.41	21.81	15.88	16.62	11.38	11.375
Earnings Yield	1.3%	1.3%	1.2%	2.6%	2.1%	1.9%	2.2%	2.4%	4.0%	3.1%	2.4%	2.6%	3.7%	3.9%	3.4%	4.3%	4.0%	4.4%	3.3%	5.3%	5.27%
FCF Yield	1.2%	1.1%	1.2%	2.2%	2.3%	2.1%	2.0%	3.0%	4.2%	3.6%	3.0%	3.6%	5.0%	5.0%	3.9%	4.3%	4.1%	5.5%	5.4%	7.4%	7.41%
Price/Tangible Book	snapshot only																				3.561
EV/OCF	snapshot only																				10.404
EV/Gross Profit	snapshot only																				3.987
Acquirers Multiple	snapshot only																				11.235
Shareholder Yield	snapshot only																				8.21%
Graham Number	snapshot only																				$104.40

Leverage & Solvency

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Current Ratio	4.11	4.11	2.97	2.97	2.97	2.97	3.69	3.69	3.69	3.69	4.79	4.79	4.79	4.79	2.96	2.96	2.96	2.96	2.59	2.59	2.594
Quick Ratio	4.11	4.11	2.97	2.97	2.97	2.97	3.69	3.69	3.69	3.69	4.79	4.79	4.79	4.79	2.96	2.96	2.96	2.96	2.59	2.59	2.594
Debt/Equity	0.13	0.13	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.039
Net Debt/Equity	-0.56	-0.56	-0.49	-0.49	-0.49	-0.49	-0.52	-0.52	-0.52	-0.52	-0.55	-0.55	-0.55	-0.55	-0.31	-0.31	-0.31	-0.31	-0.31	-0.31	-0.313
Debt/Assets	0.10	0.10	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.029
Debt/EBITDA	0.46	0.42	0.35	0.33	0.35	0.34	0.27	0.28	0.26	0.27	0.26	0.27	0.28	0.26	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.25	0.22	0.21	0.212
Net Debt/EBITDA	-1.94	-1.78	-1.76	-1.69	-1.77	-1.69	-2.17	-2.22	-2.07	-2.19	-2.92	-2.97	-3.09	-2.94	-1.67	-1.68	-1.64	-1.71	-1.75	-1.70	-1.698
Interest Coverage	214.77	66.23	56.02	57.31	54.04	125.67	3472.52	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Equity Multiplier	1.37	1.37	1.42	1.42	1.42	1.42	1.34	1.34	1.34	1.34	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.33	1.33	1.333
Cash Ratio	snapshot only																				1.327
Cash to Debt	snapshot only																				9.019
FCF to Debt	snapshot only																				3.783
Defensive Interval	snapshot only																				877.2 days

Efficiency & Turnover

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Asset Turnover	1.22	1.36	1.20	1.33	1.43	1.51	1.28	1.29	1.28	1.27	1.12	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.04	1.07	1.11	1.16	1.13	1.15	1.151
Inventory Turnover	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Receivables Turnover	6.08	6.76	5.92	6.53	7.03	7.40	5.67	5.72	5.69	5.60	5.13	5.08	5.05	5.07	4.98	5.12	5.34	5.58	5.17	5.26	5.265
Payables Turnover	221.11	246.64	141.78	156.71	171.70	181.60	118.02	120.71	119.36	118.19	103.64	102.95	103.02	102.06	85.47	88.54	92.53	99.06	78.27	80.07	80.066
DSO	60	54	62	56	52	49	64	64	64	65	71	72	72	72	73	71	68	65	71	69	69.3 days
DIO	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0 days
DPO	2	1	3	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	4.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle	58	53	59	54	50	47	61	61	61	62	68	68	69	68	69	67	64	62	66	65	64.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover	snapshot only																				17.511
Cash Velocity	snapshot only																				4.286
Capital Intensity	snapshot only																				0.882

Growth (YoY)

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Revenue	21.3%	31.4%	41.3%	48.8%	46.9%	39.3%	28.4%	17.2%	8.4%	1.4%	-2.8%	-4.5%	-4.5%	-2.7%	0.8%	4.7%	9.7%	14.3%	15.4%	14.2%	14.21%
Net Income	35.7%	34.4%	47.2%	31.9%	-8.1%	-4.3%	-12.9%	-6.6%	45.6%	16.7%	-0.6%	-0.2%	-23.2%	-5.4%	9.0%	-4.5%	-2.1%	-17.2%	-16.9%	-6.1%	-6.08%
EPS	34.0%	33.1%	46.0%	31.5%	-8.1%	-4.5%	-13.1%	-7.1%	45.2%	17.5%	0.2%	0.4%	-21.8%	-2.9%	11.8%	-1.7%	0.1%	-14.8%	-13.8%	-0.7%	-0.75%
FCF	4.8%	-9.3%	-3.1%	-13.3%	12.0%	19.3%	-17.0%	39.8%	41.0%	20.5%	39.7%	7.6%	-2.1%	6.8%	-1.3%	-27.6%	-25.2%	-20.0%	16.3%	29.8%	29.85%
EBITDA	26.7%	31.5%	35.2%	34.9%	18.2%	13.6%	3.7%	-2.4%	9.9%	-0.7%	-7.5%	-7.0%	-16.9%	-7.5%	1.8%	3.3%	10.5%	0.3%	-1.9%	1.2%	1.24%
Op. Income	31.1%	38.8%	43.0%	41.4%	20.7%	16.3%	5.7%	-0.0%	15.7%	-3.3%	-12.5%	-12.9%	-24.0%	-3.4%	8.6%	8.5%	15.3%	-2.3%	-2.5%	3.2%	3.19%
OCF Growth	snapshot only																				31.10%
Asset Growth	snapshot only																				3.19%
Equity Growth	snapshot only																				1.32%
Debt Growth	snapshot only																				-11.98%
Shares Change	snapshot only																				-5.38%

Growth (CAGR)

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Revenue 3Y	22.6%	24.8%	26.8%	28.8%	29.7%	29.5%	28.1%	26.1%	24.6%	22.9%	20.8%	18.5%	15.0%	11.2%	8.0%	5.4%	4.4%	4.1%	4.2%	4.5%	4.53%
Revenue 5Y	23.8%	25.0%	26.5%	27.7%	28.3%	28.1%	27.2%	25.7%	24.1%	22.4%	20.5%	19.1%	17.7%	16.4%	15.6%	14.9%	15.2%	15.6%	15.5%	14.8%	14.78%
EPS 3Y	44.6%	39.9%	24.4%	23.8%	13.4%	17.1%	16.2%	14.0%	21.4%	14.3%	8.3%	7.0%	1.4%	2.9%	-0.9%	-2.9%	4.3%	-0.9%	-1.2%	-0.7%	-0.68%
EPS 5Y	29.5%	30.5%	34.3%	33.7%	24.9%	24.1%	38.7%	29.3%	32.2%	25.1%	10.9%	12.1%	10.6%	12.9%	11.9%	7.9%	6.9%	4.3%	4.2%	3.7%	3.65%
Net Income 3Y	46.6%	41.7%	26.1%	25.0%	14.3%	18.2%	17.1%	14.8%	22.0%	14.5%	8.4%	7.1%	0.9%	1.8%	-1.9%	-3.8%	3.1%	-3.0%	-3.4%	-3.6%	-3.62%
Net Income 5Y	32.2%	33.0%	37.1%	36.1%	26.8%	25.9%	42.0%	30.6%	33.4%	26.0%	11.7%	12.7%	10.8%	12.7%	11.7%	7.6%	6.4%	3.3%	2.9%	2.0%	1.98%
EBITDA 3Y	34.6%	35.3%	34.5%	31.8%	25.2%	23.5%	20.8%	17.0%	18.1%	14.1%	9.1%	7.0%	2.6%	1.4%	-0.8%	-2.1%	0.3%	-2.7%	-2.6%	-0.9%	-0.93%
EBITDA 5Y	32.2%	33.1%	34.3%	35.0%	32.2%	30.9%	28.8%	25.9%	25.9%	22.8%	18.5%	15.7%	12.4%	11.6%	10.7%	9.0%	8.6%	6.6%	5.3%	5.1%	5.06%
Gross Profit 3Y	21.3%	23.3%	24.8%	26.9%	26.1%	25.5%	24.1%	20.6%	20.1%	18.2%	15.7%	13.6%	9.8%	7.5%	4.4%	1.5%	1.5%	-0.5%	0.1%	1.1%	1.07%
Gross Profit 5Y	21.8%	23.0%	24.7%	26.0%	25.4%	24.9%	23.8%	21.9%	20.9%	19.1%	16.9%	15.5%	13.8%	13.2%	12.5%	11.4%	11.8%	10.9%	10.7%	10.0%	10.05%
Op. Income 3Y	29.2%	30.6%	30.2%	29.2%	23.8%	24.2%	23.7%	20.1%	22.3%	16.0%	9.7%	7.2%	2.0%	2.8%	0.1%	-1.9%	0.5%	-3.0%	-2.5%	-0.8%	-0.82%
Op. Income 5Y	29.3%	30.7%	32.3%	33.3%	30.1%	29.1%	27.1%	24.2%	24.7%	20.1%	15.3%	13.4%	10.8%	12.4%	12.5%	10.4%	9.9%	8.0%	7.0%	6.6%	6.64%
FCF 3Y	28.9%	23.2%	21.9%	16.3%	20.7%	25.9%	26.7%	31.5%	18.3%	9.2%	3.9%	9.3%	15.6%	15.4%	4.6%	2.9%	1.0%	1.0%	17.0%	0.4%	0.41%
FCF 5Y	30.4%	30.4%	27.7%	19.7%	21.9%	24.1%	18.2%	31.5%	27.6%	21.8%	16.0%	18.8%	19.4%	20.7%	22.9%	12.2%	3.9%	2.2%	5.2%	4.2%	4.18%
OCF 3Y	27.1%	23.0%	25.1%	21.3%	24.2%	25.3%	17.3%	19.8%	10.7%	4.3%	1.1%	7.0%	11.2%	10.3%	-0.8%	-3.7%	-4.5%	-3.7%	12.2%	-0.5%	-0.49%
OCF 5Y	29.0%	29.5%	28.3%	22.3%	24.2%	25.9%	18.9%	28.6%	24.8%	19.1%	14.0%	16.3%	16.3%	16.0%	14.2%	5.3%	-0.2%	-0.3%	3.8%	3.8%	3.77%
Assets 3Y	29.6%	29.6%	29.8%	29.8%	29.8%	29.8%	21.3%	21.3%	21.3%	21.3%	16.9%	16.9%	16.9%	16.9%	10.5%	10.5%	10.5%	10.5%	6.9%	6.9%	6.93%
Assets 5Y	28.4%	28.4%	30.6%	30.6%	30.6%	30.6%	26.2%	26.2%	26.2%	26.2%	22.0%	22.0%	22.0%	22.0%	16.2%	16.2%	16.2%	16.2%	12.5%	12.5%	12.49%
Equity 3Y	26.7%	26.7%	25.4%	25.4%	25.4%	25.4%	23.4%	23.4%	23.4%	23.4%	20.5%	20.5%	20.5%	20.5%	13.4%	13.4%	13.4%	13.4%	7.0%	7.0%	7.00%
Book Value 3Y	24.9%	25.1%	23.7%	24.1%	24.4%	24.3%	22.5%	22.6%	22.8%	23.2%	20.4%	20.4%	21.1%	21.7%	14.6%	14.5%	14.8%	15.8%	9.5%	10.3%	10.27%
Dividend 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Growth Quality

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Revenue Stability	0.98	0.96	0.93	0.91	0.91	0.92	0.93	0.94	0.94	0.94	0.93	0.90	0.88	0.85	0.83	0.81	0.80	0.79	0.80	0.83	0.831
Earnings Stability	0.92	0.94	0.91	0.97	0.91	0.94	0.87	0.92	0.92	0.93	0.70	0.80	0.65	0.81	0.57	0.47	0.26	0.15	0.03	0.00	0.001
Margin Stability	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.96	0.95	0.95	0.94	0.95	0.94	0.94	0.93	0.93	0.94	0.94	0.93	0.94	0.93	0.92	0.92	0.923
Rev. Growth Consistency	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	1.00	1.00	1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.50	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.000
FCF Positive Streak	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Earnings Persistence	0.86	0.86	0.81	0.87	0.97	0.98	0.95	0.97	0.82	0.93	1.00	1.00	0.91	0.98	0.96	0.98	0.99	0.93	0.93	0.98	0.976
Earnings Smoothness	0.70	0.71	0.62	0.73	0.92	0.96	0.86	0.93	0.63	0.85	0.99	1.00	0.74	0.94	0.91	0.95	0.98	0.81	0.82	0.94	0.937
ROE Trend	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.01	-0.05	-0.04	-0.04	-0.04	0.00	-0.03	-0.05	-0.04	-0.04	-0.03	-0.00	-0.02	-0.04	-0.04	-0.02	-0.01	-0.014
Gross Margin Trend	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	-0.02	-0.02	-0.03	-0.03	-0.02	-0.02	-0.02	-0.02	-0.02	-0.01	-0.01	-0.00	-0.01	-0.03	-0.02	-0.02	-0.024
FCF Margin Trend	-0.01	-0.02	-0.01	-0.04	-0.04	-0.04	-0.07	-0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	-0.03	-0.04	-0.03	-0.00	-0.01	-0.007
Sustainable Growth Rate	22.3%	23.7%	21.5%	20.7%	16.4%	18.2%	15.3%	15.7%	19.4%	17.3%	12.9%	13.3%	12.7%	13.9%	12.8%	11.6%	11.3%	10.5%	10.3%	10.6%	10.59%
Internal Growth Rate	19.1%	20.6%	18.2%	17.4%	13.3%	15.0%	12.5%	13.0%	16.5%	14.4%	11.1%	11.5%	10.9%	12.0%	11.1%	9.9%	9.7%	8.9%	8.5%	8.7%	8.71%

Cash Flow Quality

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
OCF/Net Income	1.05	1.05	1.19	1.10	1.41	1.38	1.11	1.40	1.15	1.22	1.35	1.40	1.40	1.34	1.23	1.10	1.12	1.35	1.73	1.54	1.537
FCF/OCF	0.85	0.84	0.81	0.76	0.77	0.79	0.82	0.89	0.91	0.93	0.95	0.95	0.96	0.96	0.94	0.92	0.91	0.91	0.94	0.91	0.915
FCF/Net Income	snapshot only																				1.406
OCF/EBITDA	snapshot only																				0.876
CapEx/Revenue	2.0%	2.2%	3.0%	3.0%	2.7%	2.5%	1.7%	1.4%	1.1%	0.8%	0.6%	0.6%	0.5%	0.6%	0.7%	0.7%	0.8%	0.8%	0.8%	0.9%	0.91%
CapEx/Depreciation	snapshot only																				0.348
Accruals Ratio	-0.01	-0.01	-0.03	-0.01	-0.05	-0.05	-0.01	-0.05	-0.02	-0.03	-0.03	-0.04	-0.04	-0.04	-0.02	-0.01	-0.01	-0.03	-0.06	-0.04	-0.043
Sloan Accruals	snapshot only																				-0.040
Cash Flow Adequacy	snapshot only																				11.708
Earnings Quality Score	snapshot only																				1.000

Dividends & Buybacks

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Dividend Yield	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00%
Dividend/Share	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00
Payout Ratio	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00%
FCF Payout Ratio	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00%
Total Payout Ratio	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	2.0%	9.4%	27.1%	39.5%	64.3%	1.1%	93.9%	87.6%	1.1%	1.0%	1.2%	1.2%	1.6%	1.56%
Div. Increase Streak	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Chowder Number	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Buyback Yield	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.4%	0.9%	0.9%	1.7%	4.1%	3.7%	3.0%	4.5%	4.2%	5.4%	3.9%	8.2%	8.21%
Net Buyback Yield	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.4%	0.9%	0.9%	1.7%	4.1%	3.7%	3.0%	4.5%	4.2%	4.9%	3.6%	7.7%	7.73%
Total Shareholder Return	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.4%	0.9%	0.9%	1.7%	4.1%	3.7%	3.0%	4.5%	4.2%	4.9%	3.6%	7.7%	7.73%

DuPont Factors

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT)	0.90	0.89	0.90	0.88	0.89	0.87	0.83	0.82	0.80	0.78	0.78	0.81	0.79	0.78	0.78	0.74	0.74	0.74	0.75	0.73	0.727
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT)	1.01	0.97	0.98	0.93	0.77	0.82	0.89	0.94	1.09	1.06	1.02	1.03	1.05	1.08	1.07	1.04	1.01	0.99	0.99	1.00	0.999
EBIT Margin	0.15	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.096
Asset Turnover	1.22	1.36	1.20	1.33	1.43	1.51	1.28	1.29	1.28	1.27	1.12	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.04	1.07	1.11	1.16	1.13	1.15	1.151
Equity Multiplier	1.39	1.39	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.37	1.37	1.37	1.37	1.29	1.29	1.29	1.29	1.28	1.28	1.28	1.28	1.32	1.32	1.321

Per Share

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
EPS (Diluted TTM)	$6.76	$7.18	$8.13	$7.84	$6.21	$6.85	$7.07	$7.29	$9.01	$8.05	$7.08	$7.31	$7.04	$7.82	$7.91	$7.19	$7.05	$6.66	$6.82	$7.14	$7.14
Book Value/Share	$33.60	$33.50	$41.97	$42.20	$42.14	$41.90	$50.57	$50.62	$50.72	$50.92	$58.92	$58.90	$59.69	$60.44	$63.19	$63.38	$63.78	$65.02	$66.45	$67.87	$63.79
Tangible Book/Share	$29.13	$29.04	$31.31	$31.48	$31.43	$31.26	$40.35	$40.39	$40.47	$40.63	$48.16	$48.15	$48.79	$49.41	$35.02	$35.12	$35.35	$36.03	$37.23	$38.02	$38.02
Revenue/Share	$51.48	$56.99	$63.42	$70.39	$75.61	$79.20	$81.29	$82.03	$81.77	$80.83	$79.62	$78.82	$79.48	$80.75	$82.32	$84.95	$89.12	$94.91	$98.61	$102.53	$103.27
FCF/Share	$6.01	$6.31	$7.78	$6.52	$6.73	$7.51	$6.44	$9.06	$9.46	$9.12	$9.07	$9.81	$9.43	$9.99	$9.18	$7.31	$7.20	$8.23	$11.07	$10.03	$10.11
OCF/Share	$7.06	$7.55	$9.66	$8.61	$8.75	$9.48	$7.82	$10.17	$10.39	$9.79	$9.55	$10.27	$9.86	$10.45	$9.74	$7.92	$7.90	$9.00	$11.83	$10.97	$11.05
Cash/Share	$23.42	$23.35	$24.41	$24.54	$24.51	$24.37	$29.35	$29.37	$29.43	$29.55	$35.59	$35.58	$36.06	$36.52	$22.42	$22.49	$22.64	$23.07	$23.42	$23.92	$19.28
EBITDA/Share	$9.76	$10.60	$11.60	$12.13	$11.53	$12.02	$12.01	$11.77	$12.65	$12.01	$11.20	$11.01	$10.70	$11.40	$11.69	$11.71	$12.09	$11.76	$11.90	$12.52	$12.52
Debt/Share	$4.51	$4.50	$4.04	$4.06	$4.05	$4.03	$3.26	$3.26	$3.26	$3.28	$2.92	$2.92	$2.96	$2.99	$2.84	$2.85	$2.87	$2.92	$2.60	$2.65	$2.65
Net Debt/Share	$-18.91	$-18.85	$-20.38	$-20.49	$-20.46	$-20.34	$-26.09	$-26.11	$-26.16	$-26.27	$-32.68	$-32.67	$-33.11	$-33.52	$-19.58	$-19.64	$-19.77	$-20.15	$-20.82	$-21.27	$-21.27

Academic Models

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Altman Z-Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	6.116
Altman Z-Prime	snapshot only																				10.614
Piotroski F-Score	8	7	6	6	5	5	6	6	8	7	6	6	6	7	6	6	6	6	6	6	6
Beneish M-Score	-2.38	-2.31	-1.80	-1.79	-1.88	-1.92	-2.32	-2.41	-2.39	-2.38	-2.64	-2.66	-2.64	-2.72	-2.01	-1.93	-1.96	-1.89	-2.63	-2.55	-2.552
Ohlson O-Score	snapshot only																				-10.379
ROIC (Greenblatt)	snapshot only																				28.41%
Net-Net WC	snapshot only																				$24.17
EVA	snapshot only																				$147715951.84

Credit

Metric	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Q3'22	Q4'22	Q1'23	Q2'23	Q3'23	Q4'23	Q1'24	Q2'24	Q3'24	Q4'24	Q1'25	Q2'25	Q3'25	Q4'25	Q1'26	Current
Credit Rating	snapshot only																				AA+
Credit Score	94.38	94.09	94.45	94.10	94.51	94.35	95.00	91.49	91.24	90.80	90.87	90.59	90.97	90.47	90.75	90.49	90.61	91.00	91.67	91.66	91.660
Credit Grade	snapshot only																				2
Credit Trend	snapshot only																				1.171
Implied Spread (bps)	snapshot only																				65.000
Industry Credit Rank	snapshot only																				83
Sector Credit Rank	snapshot only																				82

EPAM NYSE

Edge Score

Analyst Insights

Financial Rating

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Risk & Quality Signals

Valuation

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Profitability Trends

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Earnings Stability

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Executive Compensation

C-Suite Compensation

CEO Pay Ratio

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Scaling Efficiency

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