— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 0ROG.L (LSE) · $vol 2M · GALNF (OTC) · $vol 0M

GALE.SW SIX

Galenica AG
1W: -1.3% 1M: -1.9% 3M: -5.9% YTD: -18.9% 1Y: -3.5% 3Y: +24.9% 5Y: +27.5%
CHF 81.50 ($98.37)
-0.10 (-0.12%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±1.8%
CHF 79 CHF 80 CHF 82 CHF 83 CHF 84
SIX · Healthcare · Medical - Distribution · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 33 · CHF 4.1B mcap · 50M float · 0.170% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. GALE.SW receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B B+
2026-08-14 B+ B
2026-08-10 B B+
2026-05-20 B+ B
2026-05-18 B B+
2026-04-30 B+ B
2026-04-07 None ADDED
2026-04-07 EXISTED None
2026-04-01 B B+
2026-03-11 B+ B

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 57 Grade B
Profitability
39
Balance Sheet
59
Earnings Quality
78
Growth
32
Value
72
Momentum
62
Safety
100
Cash Flow
69
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. GALE.SW scores highest in Safety (100/100) and lowest in Growth (32/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
4.87
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.64
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.49
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA
Score: 88.7/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 1.65x
Accruals: -7.3%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. GALE.SW scores 4.87, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. GALE.SW scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. GALE.SW's score of -2.64 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. GALE.SW's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. GALE.SW receives an estimated rating of AA (score: 88.7/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). GALE.SW's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
25.55x
PEG
-1.47x
P/S
0.95x
P/B
2.88x
P/FCF
8.12x
P/OCF
7.23x
EV/EBITDA
7.68x
EV/Revenue
0.64x
EV/EBIT
12.23x
EV/FCF
10.21x
Earnings Yield
8.36%
FCF Yield
12.32%
Shareholder Yield
6.30%
Graham Number
$66.98
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 25.5x earnings, GALE.SW commands a growth premium. An earnings yield of 8.4% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $66.98 per share, 22% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.839
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.968
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.052
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
2.620
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.247
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
24.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. GALE.SW's ROE of 24.9% is driven by Asset Turnover (2.620), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
7.22%
Fair P/E
22.93x
Intrinsic Value
$161.59
Price/Value
0.52x
Margin of Safety
47.83%
Premium
-47.83%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with GALE.SW's realized 7.2% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. GALE.SW trades at a -48% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $161.59, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 22.9x compares to the current market P/E of 25.5x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$81.50
Median 1Y
$87.42
5th Pctile
$64.31
95th Pctile
$118.74
Ann. Volatility
19.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 7.4% 13.9% 21.0% 28.7% 32.2% 29.5% 31.8% 30.1% 30.9% 30.6% 33.9% 29.0% 36.2% 33.4% 34.8% 33.5% 26.7% 24.7% 24.9% 24.95%
ROA 3.1% 6.6% 9.6% 14.3% 13.4% 13.6% 13.7% 14.4% 13.2% 14.1% 15.0% 13.5% 16.6% 16.1% 16.4% 16.3% 12.6% 11.5% 11.1% 11.10%
ROIC 5.2% 9.5% 14.0% 12.8% 15.0% 11.0% 11.5% 18.3% 18.0% 19.5% 19.4% 17.9% 15.3% 20.6% 15.2% 15.5% 15.8% 15.1% 14.2% 14.19%
ROCE 5.4% 10.3% 15.6% 17.3% 15.9% 16.4% 17.3% 21.9% 22.2% 21.1% 26.6% 22.6% 19.2% 18.1% 18.1% 18.1% 19.9% 18.7% 19.0% 18.96%
Gross Margin 10.5% 9.8% 10.9% 8.2% 11.5% 9.0% 8.4% 11.1% 8.8% 9.1% 9.1% 9.2% 9.8% 10.3% 10.1% 9.9% 9.6% 10.6% 9.1% 9.07%
Operating Margin 4.5% 3.8% 4.3% 2.4% 4.9% 5.0% 4.8% 7.2% 5.1% 5.3% 5.2% 4.8% 4.8% 5.4% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.6% 3.9% 3.91%
Net Margin 3.7% 3.8% 3.6% 5.7% 4.0% 3.5% 3.9% 5.9% 4.3% 4.5% 4.2% 4.0% 10.1% 5.2% 4.1% 5.1% 4.4% 4.3% 3.1% 3.11%
EBITDA Margin 5.8% 4.7% 5.6% 3.4% 6.2% 7.8% 7.6% 9.9% 7.7% 7.9% 7.7% 7.3% 7.6% 8.6% 6.8% 8.7% 8.3% 8.5% 7.8% 7.81%
FCF Margin 3.7% 3.7% 4.0% 4.2% 4.2% 5.5% 4.9% 5.6% 6.1% 6.0% 5.4% 5.6% 3.8% 4.1% 4.3% 4.9% 6.4% 6.2% 6.2% 6.25%
OCF Margin 4.6% 4.6% 4.8% 5.0% 5.0% 6.6% 6.2% 7.0% 7.7% 7.6% 7.0% 7.3% 5.6% 6.0% 6.1% 6.4% 7.6% 7.0% 7.0% 7.01%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 29.14%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 27.68%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 13.32%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 15.06%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 14.19%
Cash ROA snapshot only 17.49%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 23.26%
CROIC snapshot only 20.73%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 4.28%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 5.05%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.17%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 5.13%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 30.69 16.09 12.03 6.53 7.48 9.15 10.26 8.51 9.24 8.92 9.35 10.39 7.71 7.60 7.99 7.69 11.72 13.39 11.96 25.549
P/S Ratio 1.14 0.61 0.45 0.28 0.32 0.39 0.44 0.37 0.41 0.41 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.47 0.55 0.60 0.51 0.949
P/B Ratio 2.26 2.23 2.53 1.87 2.24 2.51 3.08 2.42 2.60 2.47 2.88 2.78 2.56 2.33 2.54 2.33 3.00 3.29 2.98 2.880
P/FCF 30.87 16.43 11.27 6.62 7.65 7.03 8.97 6.72 6.71 6.87 8.09 7.87 11.39 10.84 10.83 9.55 8.70 9.75 8.12 8.116
P/OCF 24.81 13.24 9.33 5.47 6.37 5.88 7.11 5.33 5.35 5.44 6.27 6.07 7.78 7.40 7.64 7.35 7.29 8.64 7.23 7.233
EV/EBITDA 23.11 13.41 9.76 6.67 7.08 8.20 8.53 5.79 6.03 5.85 6.36 6.74 7.01 5.85 7.36 6.98 8.11 8.93 7.68 7.677
EV/Revenue 1.35 0.71 0.52 0.32 0.35 0.47 0.54 0.46 0.50 0.48 0.53 0.52 0.54 0.46 0.56 0.55 0.66 0.72 0.64 0.638
EV/EBIT 29.85 16.03 11.93 8.33 8.77 11.26 12.41 8.31 8.98 8.62 9.27 10.07 10.58 8.81 10.65 10.06 11.60 12.88 12.23 12.234
EV/FCF 36.31 19.09 13.17 7.78 8.37 8.63 10.94 8.26 8.16 8.02 9.70 9.22 14.09 11.22 13.04 11.27 10.30 11.64 10.21 10.214
Earnings Yield 3.3% 6.2% 8.3% 15.3% 13.4% 10.9% 9.7% 11.8% 10.8% 11.2% 10.7% 9.6% 13.0% 13.2% 12.5% 13.0% 8.5% 7.5% 8.4% 8.36%
FCF Yield 3.2% 6.1% 8.9% 15.1% 13.1% 14.2% 11.1% 14.9% 14.9% 14.6% 12.4% 12.7% 8.8% 9.2% 9.2% 10.5% 11.5% 10.3% 12.3% 12.32%
EV/OCF snapshot only 9.103
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 6.514
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 12.666
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 6.30%
Graham Number snapshot only $66.98
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.51 1.72 1.57 1.77 1.34 1.49 1.37 1.49 1.29 1.45 1.06 1.11 1.27 1.34 1.33 1.41 1.29 1.15 1.07 1.070
Quick Ratio 1.01 1.12 1.05 1.14 0.89 0.98 0.92 0.92 0.92 1.01 0.71 0.75 0.82 0.88 0.88 0.91 0.86 0.73 0.69 0.689
Debt/Equity 0.54 0.47 0.51 0.44 0.27 0.66 0.79 0.61 0.68 0.55 0.59 0.55 0.62 0.16 0.57 0.50 0.60 0.72 0.80 0.798
Net Debt/Equity 0.40 0.36 0.43 0.33 0.21 0.57 0.68 0.55 0.56 0.41 0.57 0.48 0.61 0.08 0.52 0.42 0.55 0.64 0.77 0.770
Debt/Assets 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.11 0.30 0.32 0.28 0.30 0.26 0.28 0.26 0.29 0.08 0.27 0.25 0.28 0.32 0.34 0.339
Debt/EBITDA 4.67 2.45 1.68 1.34 0.78 1.76 1.79 1.19 1.29 1.11 1.09 1.14 1.37 0.39 1.37 1.27 1.36 1.63 1.63 1.634
Net Debt/EBITDA 3.46 1.87 1.41 1.00 0.60 1.52 1.54 1.08 1.07 0.84 1.06 0.99 1.34 0.20 1.25 1.06 1.26 1.45 1.58 1.577
Interest Coverage — — — — — 73.68 44.36 40.63 33.40 38.98 41.17 38.21 34.20 21.40 18.14 16.28 15.42 17.30 15.71 15.709
Equity Multiplier 2.35 2.10 2.19 2.00 2.44 2.22 2.43 2.16 2.27 2.13 2.12 2.14 2.12 2.03 2.14 1.98 2.12 2.26 2.35 2.354
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.038
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 25.032
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.035
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.460
Defensive Interval snapshot only 618.7 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.84 1.75 2.58 3.40 3.13 3.23 3.20 3.29 2.97 3.03 3.19 3.19 2.95 2.77 2.82 2.68 2.66 2.55 2.62 2.620
Inventory Turnover 5.17 10.31 16.15 20.58 20.80 21.13 21.62 20.92 22.54 23.14 23.32 22.96 22.96 21.51 21.38 20.36 20.30 19.54 19.94 19.945
Receivables Turnover 3.76 8.35 11.04 17.53 14.60 16.55 14.93 18.09 14.33 17.32 15.31 17.55 14.51 16.78 13.82 15.90 13.24 17.03 13.69 13.691
Payables Turnover 3.64 10.75 13.50 21.17 17.01 21.03 19.57 21.85 19.25 21.11 21.62 23.29 19.42 19.46 18.28 18.62 16.08 17.13 16.04 16.040
DSO 97 44 33 21 25 22 24 20 25 21 24 21 25 22 26 23 28 21 27 26.7 days
DIO 71 35 23 18 18 17 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 18 18.3 days
DPO 100 34 27 17 21 17 19 17 19 17 17 16 19 19 20 20 23 21 23 22.8 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 68 45 29 21 21 22 23 21 23 20 23 21 22 20 24 21 23 19 22 22.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 17.385
Operating Cycle snapshot only 45.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 209.396
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.401
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue — — — — 3.1% 1.1% 40.0% 7.3% 10.6% 13.0% 15.0% 15.8% 11.4% 6.1% 1.6% -2.2% -0.3% 3.9% 7.6% 7.61%
Net Income — — — — 3.7% 1.3% 61.1% 11.6% 14.1% 24.7% 26.4% 12.0% 41.3% 32.5% 25.2% 40.7% -16.1% -19.2% -21.3% -21.27%
EPS — — — — 3.8% 1.2% 60.1% 11.0% 13.8% 23.9% 25.7% 11.0% 40.5% 31.8% 24.5% 41.0% -16.1% -19.1% -21.2% -21.21%
FCF — — — — 3.6% 2.0% 72.6% 43.3% 60.7% 24.6% 27.6% 16.7% -30.6% -28.5% -20.0% -14.2% 66.9% 58.3% 57.2% 57.22%
EBITDA — — — — 2.5% 1.3% 63.9% 75.2% 84.0% 62.3% 51.7% 11.8% 3.2% 0.1% -7.0% 1.3% 5.5% 7.6% 18.0% 18.03%
Op. Income — — — — 2.5% 1.1% 42.6% 57.9% 58.6% 52.1% 52.0% 7.1% 1.1% -4.5% -9.2% 0.2% 5.7% 11.1% 7.0% 7.01%
OCF Growth snapshot only 24.45%
Asset Growth snapshot only 10.55%
Equity Growth snapshot only 0.42%
Debt Growth snapshot only 41.10%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.08%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 9.02%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 71.6% 35.1% 17.8% 6.7% 7.1% 7.6% 7.9% 7.93%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EPS 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 96.7% 54.2% 35.8% 20.3% 10.3% 9.7% 7.2% 7.22%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 96.7% 55.9% 36.6% 20.7% 10.6% 10.1% 7.6% 7.59%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 87.9% 54.1% 32.2% 25.7% 26.0% 20.4% 18.5% 18.52%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 64.9% 32.6% 15.6% 7.3% 6.6% 8.2% 9.9% 9.93%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 78.3% 44.1% 25.3% 19.2% 19.3% 17.3% 13.9% 13.87%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 73.1% 39.5% 20.8% 12.8% 23.0% 12.1% 17.1% 17.07%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
OCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 82.7% 47.4% 27.4% 15.5% 22.8% 10.0% 12.6% 12.60%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Assets 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.1% 18.5% 18.1% 18.2% 11.3% 14.8% 13.2% 13.17%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Equity 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 19.0% 19.7% 19.1% 18.6% 16.6% 14.3% 14.4% 14.45%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 19.0% 18.4% 18.4% 18.1% 16.3% 13.9% 14.1% 14.06%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — -1.5% -17.2% -17.1% -9.3% -10.7% 1.3% 2.5% 2.54%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — — — — — — — — 0.84 0.89 0.97 0.95 0.79 0.82 0.86 0.83 0.89 0.95 0.91 0.914
Earnings Stability — — — — — — — — 0.86 0.95 0.99 1.00 0.93 0.98 1.00 0.87 0.75 0.73 0.66 0.656
Margin Stability — — — — — — — — 0.94 0.96 0.94 0.95 0.94 0.97 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.973
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — — — — — — — — 0.94 0.90 0.89 0.95 0.83 0.87 0.90 0.84 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.915
Earnings Smoothness — — — — 0.00 0.21 0.53 0.89 0.87 0.78 0.77 0.89 0.66 0.72 0.78 0.66 0.83 0.79 0.76 0.762
ROE Trend — — — — — — — — 0.09 0.07 0.05 -0.02 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.03 -0.05 -0.05 -0.06 -0.064
Gross Margin Trend — — — — — — — — -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.001
FCF Margin Trend — — — — — — — — 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.014
Sustainable Growth Rate 7.4% 13.9% 11.3% 19.9% 12.8% 5.1% 5.5% -2.5% -1.6% -2.3% -2.3% 3.6% 10.5% 17.5% 17.6% 17.7% 10.4% 9.4% 7.9% 7.90%
Internal Growth Rate 3.2% 7.1% 5.4% 11.1% 5.6% 2.4% 2.4% — — — — 1.7% 5.0% 9.2% 9.0% 9.5% 5.2% 4.6% 3.6% 3.65%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.24 1.22 1.29 1.19 1.18 1.56 1.44 1.60 1.73 1.64 1.49 1.71 0.99 1.03 1.05 1.05 1.61 1.55 1.65 1.654
FCF/OCF 0.80 0.81 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.79 0.79 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.77 0.68 0.68 0.71 0.77 0.84 0.89 0.89 0.891
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.474
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.843
CapEx/Revenue 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 1.1% 1.3% 1.4% 1.5% 1.6% 1.6% 1.7% 1.8% 1.9% 1.8% 1.5% 1.2% 0.8% 0.8% 0.76%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.246
Accruals Ratio -0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.08 -0.06 -0.09 -0.10 -0.09 -0.07 -0.10 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.08 -0.06 -0.07 -0.073
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.139
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.917
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.0% 0.0% 3.8% 4.7% 8.1% 9.0% 8.0% 12.7% 11.4% 12.1% 11.4% 8.4% 9.2% 6.3% 6.2% 6.1% 5.2% 4.6% 5.7% 3.07%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $1.65 $1.64 $3.33 $4.56 $4.72 $6.50 $6.61 $7.36 $7.67 $5.85 $6.28 $4.30 $4.41 $4.42 $4.51 $4.51 $4.81 $2.50
Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 46.2% 30.4% 60.3% 82.6% 82.6% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 87.8% 71.1% 47.7% 49.4% 47.1% 60.9% 61.9% 68.3% 68.31%
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 43.3% 30.8% 61.7% 63.5% 72.2% 85.5% 76.2% 82.8% 92.4% 66.4% 1.1% 68.0% 66.9% 58.5% 45.2% 45.1% 46.3% 46.34%
Total Payout Ratio 0.0% 34.7% 69.9% 46.0% 75.5% 82.8% 82.8% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 88.0% 72.5% 50.2% 53.1% 51.5% 66.8% 68.4% 75.4% 75.43%
Div. Increase Streak — — 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — 1.96 3.10 1.10 0.74 0.75 -0.01 0.05 -0.35 -0.36 -0.18 -0.23 0.10 0.15 0.146
Buyback Yield 0.0% 2.2% 2.0% 2.4% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.59%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 2.0% 1.9% 2.1% 1.8% -0.2% -0.2% -0.2% -0.2% -0.3% -0.2% -0.2% -0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.35%
Total Shareholder Return 0.0% 2.0% 5.7% 6.8% 9.8% 8.8% 7.9% 12.5% 11.1% 11.8% 11.2% 8.2% 9.1% 6.3% 6.4% 6.4% 5.5% 4.9% 6.1% 6.06%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.82 0.85 0.84 1.06 1.05 1.00 1.00 0.81 0.82 0.85 0.85 0.85 1.14 1.17 1.17 1.17 0.88 0.84 0.84 0.839
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.968
EBIT Margin 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.052
Asset Turnover 0.84 1.75 2.58 3.40 3.13 3.23 3.20 3.29 2.97 3.03 3.19 3.19 2.95 2.77 2.82 2.68 2.66 2.55 2.62 2.620
Equity Multiplier 2.35 2.10 2.19 2.00 2.40 2.17 2.32 2.08 2.35 2.17 2.26 2.15 2.19 2.08 2.13 2.05 2.12 2.15 2.25 2.247
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.16 $2.46 $3.57 $5.40 $5.52 $5.52 $5.72 $6.00 $6.29 $6.84 $7.18 $6.66 $8.83 $9.02 $8.94 $9.39 $7.41 $7.30 $7.05 $7.05
Book Value/Share $15.75 $17.76 $16.97 $18.85 $18.42 $20.12 $19.08 $21.14 $22.35 $24.70 $23.35 $24.93 $26.58 $29.46 $28.16 $31.06 $28.94 $29.70 $28.30 $28.36
Tangible Book/Share $1.98 $3.40 $2.29 $3.28 $1.74 $2.98 $1.67 $-13.33 $3.12 $-13.05 $2.51 $-15.40 $5.15 $7.87 $6.00 $8.68 $6.16 $1.36 $-0.36 $-0.36
Revenue/Share $31.13 $65.16 $96.03 $128.11 $128.64 $131.09 $133.59 $136.84 $141.98 $147.20 $152.75 $157.10 $157.28 $155.36 $154.36 $153.92 $156.76 $161.58 $166.23 $85.72
FCF/Share $1.15 $2.41 $3.81 $5.33 $5.40 $7.18 $6.54 $7.60 $8.66 $8.89 $8.30 $8.80 $5.98 $6.32 $6.60 $7.56 $9.98 $10.02 $10.39 $4.41
OCF/Share $1.43 $2.99 $4.61 $6.45 $6.49 $8.59 $8.25 $9.58 $10.87 $11.22 $10.71 $11.41 $8.75 $9.26 $9.36 $9.84 $11.92 $11.31 $11.65 $5.04
Cash/Share $2.19 $1.99 $1.38 $2.13 $1.12 $1.83 $2.12 $1.21 $2.51 $3.32 $0.42 $1.88 $0.31 $2.33 $1.39 $2.60 $1.34 $2.31 $0.79 $0.79
EBITDA/Share $1.81 $3.43 $5.15 $6.22 $6.38 $7.55 $8.39 $10.85 $11.73 $12.19 $12.65 $12.03 $12.03 $12.13 $11.70 $12.22 $12.68 $13.06 $13.82 $13.82
Debt/Share $8.46 $8.42 $8.65 $8.33 $4.96 $13.29 $15.01 $12.93 $15.11 $13.54 $13.79 $13.74 $16.47 $4.73 $15.99 $15.56 $17.29 $21.26 $22.59 $22.59
Net Debt/Share $6.27 $6.42 $7.27 $6.20 $3.85 $11.45 $12.88 $11.72 $12.60 $10.22 $13.36 $11.86 $16.17 $2.40 $14.60 $12.96 $15.95 $18.95 $21.79 $21.79
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.871
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 4.727
Piotroski F-Score 4 4 4 4 8 5 5 5 5 7 7 6 6 6 7 8 5 5 5 5
Beneish M-Score — — — — -2.49 -2.68 -2.47 -2.88 -2.54 -2.63 -2.67 -2.53 -2.44 -2.41 -2.46 -2.55 -2.72 -2.75 -2.64 -2.637
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.486
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-15.92
EVA snapshot only $104802344.56
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA
Credit Score 63.96 82.64 87.23 91.11 93.21 91.83 88.38 91.23 91.29 91.22 91.32 92.10 88.33 96.49 87.46 89.42 91.63 88.71 88.72 88.717
Credit Grade snapshot only 3
Credit Trend snapshot only 1.259
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 80.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 91
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 83

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