— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: GALP.LS (LIS) · $vol 33M · GLPEF (OTC) · $vol 0M

GLPEY OTC

Galp Energia, SGPS, S.A.
1W: -9.8% 1M: -11.4% 3M: -0.1% YTD: +32.8% 1Y: +15.6% 3Y: +54.3% 5Y: +117.8%
$11.37
-0.04 (-0.35%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.6%
$12 $12 $13 $13 $14
OTC · Energy · Oil & Gas Integrated · Tech Score Sell · Power 37 · $33.8B mcap · 652M float · 0.019% daily turnover · Short 33% of daily vol
Credit Risk of going bust: lower than 52% of companies Debt: 23.3% of company value Bonds: none of note held by US funds details ▾
If the stock fell to about $0.25 (down 98%), Galp Energia, SGPS, S.A. would be worth roughly what it owes.
Total debt $5.12B against a stock market value of $16.89B.
Distance to default 5.32 (Merton model): prices to 2026-10-27, balance sheet 2026-06-30, debt counted $2.04B (short-term plus half of long-term), stock volatility 45.7%; Altman Z'' 3.04. A ranking and a back-test, not a forecast.
US fund filings (SEC N-PORT) show under $25M of this company's bonds, so there is no bond page. Its debt may be bank loans or privately placed. How these are computed.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 1Hold: 2Sell: 1Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusHold
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 27, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. GLPEY receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-07-01 B- B
2026-06-24 B B-
2026-05-22 B- B
2026-05-14 B B-
2026-04-30 B+ B
2026-03-09 B B+
2026-02-09 B+ B
2026-01-21 B B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
52
Balance Sheet
72
Earnings Quality
70
Growth
53
Value
—
Momentum
80
Safety
—
Cash Flow
63

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.81
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.67
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 72.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.31x
Accruals: -8.8%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. GLPEY scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. GLPEY's score of -2.81 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. GLPEY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. GLPEY receives an estimated rating of A (score: 72.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). GLPEY's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
15.57x
PEG
701323911437848.12x
P/S
0.61x
P/B
3.22x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$3.35
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 15.6x earnings, GLPEY trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $3.35 per share, 240% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.452
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.937
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.120
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.330
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.555
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
24.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. GLPEY's ROE of 24.1% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.56x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance. A tax burden ratio of 0.45 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
4.22%
Fair P/E
16.94x
Intrinsic Value
$5.74
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with GLPEY's realized 4.2% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. GLPEY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $5.74, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 16.9x compares to the current market P/E of 15.6x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$11.37
Median 1Y
$11.63
5th Pctile
$6.29
95th Pctile
$21.59
Ann. Volatility
37.8%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE -4.4% 0.1% -3.2% 15.4% 33.8% 47.6% 57.0% 41.1% 38.7% 31.9% 27.6% 30.7% 30.6% 22.9% 21.5% 21.6% 22.2% 24.5% 14.4% 24.1% 24.06%
ROA -1.0% 0.0% -0.7% 3.5% 7.5% 11.1% 13.1% 10.0% 9.6% 8.4% 7.9% 8.6% 8.3% 6.2% 6.3% 6.1% 6.2% 7.0% 4.0% 6.8% 6.77%
ROIC 0.7% 5.8% 2.0% 19.1% 21.5% 26.7% 24.2% 18.4% 27.6% 24.3% 21.0% 23.7% 23.4% 18.5% 20.3% 21.4% 18.7% 20.0% 20.2% 24.2% 24.25%
ROCE 5.1% 7.8% 6.5% 15.3% 21.8% 28.1% 32.4% 27.8% 28.0% 23.2% 22.7% 24.8% 24.1% 20.9% 20.7% 19.2% 17.7% 18.8% 15.8% 21.0% 21.03%
Gross Margin 12.2% 8.0% 12.8% 16.0% 6.1% 5.2% 13.2% 14.7% 17.6% 9.0% 15.0% 13.1% 13.5% 7.5% 11.7% 13.1% 9.7% 9.3% 15.6% 19.6% 19.60%
Operating Margin 9.6% 6.9% 21.4% 17.9% -1.9% 13.6% 14.9% 13.6% 16.8% 8.8% 11.3% 11.7% 15.0% 7.1% 13.2% 10.9% 8.3% 9.6% 14.7% 17.8% 17.77%
Net Margin -7.7% 2.2% 0.9% 10.1% 4.0% 10.2% 9.3% 5.0% 5.6% 6.6% 7.4% 6.3% 4.8% 0.7% 7.5% 6.3% 5.2% 3.9% -2.2% 11.2% 11.21%
EBITDA Margin 1.1% 13.0% 18.5% 22.1% 12.9% 22.6% 16.8% 18.7% 19.1% 15.0% 19.7% 17.1% 15.6% 13.4% 17.7% 14.7% 13.6% 13.7% 8.5% 23.1% 23.05%
FCF Margin 6.9% 4.7% 3.8% 4.5% 1.7% 6.8% 7.8% 8.3% 11.8% 7.4% 6.1% 5.4% 4.4% 5.3% 2.1% 2.5% 3.7% 1.7% 5.4% 6.9% 6.91%
OCF Margin 14.6% 11.8% 9.3% 9.2% 4.6% 11.9% 13.3% 14.5% 18.6% 12.6% 12.1% 11.5% 10.2% 11.8% 8.6% 8.5% 10.2% 7.1% 10.3% 11.7% 11.73%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 24.91%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 25.66%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 7.02%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 15.07%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 18.51%
Cash ROA snapshot only 15.02%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 36.98%
CROIC snapshot only 21.79%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 7.69%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 11.26%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 1.24%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.573
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.614
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.220
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 701323911437848.125
Graham Number snapshot only $3.35
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.51 1.37 1.17 1.33 1.31 1.63 1.75 1.70 1.61 1.54 1.59 1.64 1.64 1.72 1.54 1.64 1.65 1.68 1.39 1.53 1.529
Quick Ratio 1.21 1.15 0.99 1.05 1.02 1.32 1.41 1.36 1.26 1.20 1.27 1.38 1.40 1.47 1.20 1.32 1.32 1.38 1.15 1.20 1.204
Debt/Equity 1.56 1.80 1.97 1.41 1.38 1.27 1.07 1.09 1.10 1.23 1.07 1.02 1.09 1.05 1.03 1.14 1.11 1.11 1.05 0.97 0.969
Net Debt/Equity 1.12 0.83 0.62 0.88 0.55 0.61 0.56 0.59 0.55 0.69 0.64 0.48 0.63 0.53 0.45 0.50 0.43 0.46 0.46 0.43 0.434
Debt/Assets 0.33 0.37 0.36 0.30 0.31 0.33 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.27 0.274
Debt/EBITDA 2.83 3.10 2.89 1.65 1.35 1.04 0.96 1.10 1.15 1.50 1.37 1.28 1.32 1.40 1.47 1.58 1.66 1.69 1.76 1.39 1.390
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.03 1.44 0.92 1.02 0.54 0.50 0.50 0.59 0.58 0.85 0.83 0.61 0.76 0.70 0.64 0.69 0.65 0.70 0.77 0.62 0.622
Interest Coverage 4.21 7.19 5.85 14.60 21.73 22.30 24.50 18.62 17.35 14.80 13.57 12.95 10.58 10.05 9.90 10.57 10.12 10.78 9.11 12.56 12.559
Equity Multiplier 4.75 4.89 5.54 4.73 4.37 3.87 3.52 3.56 3.67 3.77 3.43 3.54 3.66 3.59 3.40 3.58 3.48 3.47 3.79 3.53 3.530
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.566
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 16.108
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.552
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.322
Defensive Interval snapshot only 8115.8 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.07 1.18 1.22 1.42 1.60 1.73 1.61 1.45 1.26 1.26 1.29 1.34 1.34 1.28 1.29 1.26 1.27 1.21 1.23 1.33 1.330
Inventory Turnover 15.31 16.63 15.62 13.66 16.69 20.39 18.70 13.86 11.70 12.71 14.50 15.26 14.87 14.66 13.58 14.51 15.56 15.71 13.01 13.53 13.532
Receivables Turnover 13.88 15.92 13.67 13.18 17.87 19.83 16.29 13.09 13.62 14.46 13.71 13.24 13.00 16.19 14.01 13.01 12.10 15.24 12.81 14.07 14.071
Payables Turnover 15.41 19.53 14.95 13.23 21.28 26.62 19.69 14.43 16.79 15.71 19.08 17.15 19.07 16.88 17.67 16.11 20.36 19.18 17.00 16.82 16.819
DSO 26 23 27 28 20 18 22 28 27 25 27 28 28 23 26 28 30 24 28 26 25.9 days
DIO 24 22 23 27 22 18 20 26 31 29 25 24 25 25 27 25 23 23 28 27 27.0 days
DPO 24 19 24 28 17 14 19 25 22 23 19 21 19 22 21 23 18 19 21 22 21.7 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 26 26 26 27 25 23 23 29 36 31 33 30 33 26 32 31 36 28 35 31 31.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.796
Operating Cycle snapshot only 52.9 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 8.445
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.781
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 11.5% 41.5% 67.2% 73.4% 79.4% 66.6% 42.8% 9.4% -14.5% -23.0% -21.7% -11.6% -0.9% 3.1% 2.1% -4.5% -7.9% -8.7% -6.5% 5.4% 5.42%
Net Income 66.7% 1.0% 21.6% 5.1% 9.7% 427.8% 21.4% 2.0% 39.3% -20.2% -41.0% -17.4% -19.2% -24.0% -18.7% -28.8% -27.4% 7.5% -37.3% 11.4% 11.40%
EPS 66.7% 1.0% 20.3% 5.2% 10.7% 435.3% 21.4% 2.1% 31.7% -15.9% -37.2% -11.6% -15.4% -60.0% -58.7% -64.0% -63.0% 6.9% -36.1% 4.2% 4.22%
FCF -1.0% 2.2% 83.5% 22.3% -55.1% 1.4% 1.9% 1.0% 4.8% -15.3% -38.7% -43.2% -63.2% -26.4% -64.7% -55.8% -20.9% -71.3% 1.4% 1.9% 1.94%
EBITDA 29.7% 94.1% 40.7% 91.2% 1.7% 1.9% 1.3% 27.1% -0.8% -28.6% -23.2% -10.3% -14.4% -2.5% -10.0% -17.2% -18.9% -17.3% -26.1% 5.8% 5.84%
Op. Income 5.8% 6.8% 7.9% 2.9% 1.3% 1.0% 15.6% -34.1% 19.3% -12.1% -5.1% 21.5% -20.8% -13.4% -4.7% -9.0% -23.1% -16.2% -14.1% 18.4% 18.37%
OCF Growth snapshot only 44.79%
Asset Growth snapshot only 8.05%
Equity Growth snapshot only 9.66%
Debt Growth snapshot only -7.07%
Shares Change snapshot only 6.89%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -3.86%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y -5.3% -2.1% 3.1% 9.3% 15.2% 17.4% 16.4% 19.6% 19.6% 22.0% 23.2% 18.8% 15.0% 9.8% 4.5% -2.6% -8.0% -10.2% -9.2% -3.8% -3.82%
Revenue 5Y 1.7% 4.2% 5.5% 8.5% 11.1% 12.0% 11.5% 8.5% 5.5% 3.8% 4.1% 4.8% 5.3% 5.2% 4.7% 7.6% 9.3% 11.3% 12.3% 11.0% 11.05%
EPS 3Y — -82.5% — 1.9% 59.6% 64.9% 1.5% — — — — 1.6% — 4.3% — -0.7% -25.6% -28.9% -45.1% -30.8% -30.79%
EPS 5Y — -53.2% — 6.4% 22.8% 23.3% 28.5% 15.0% 13.9% 14.6% 17.0% 23.5% 35.3% 8.6% 32.2% — — — — 44.5% 44.53%
Net Income 3Y — -82.5% — 3.2% 53.9% 64.0% 1.5% — — — — 1.5% — 5.4% — 21.2% -6.5% -13.3% -33.0% -13.1% -13.12%
Net Income 5Y — -53.2% — 6.4% 20.1% 22.8% 28.6% 14.6% 12.7% 13.0% 16.0% 22.3% 32.6% 21.7% 49.0% — — — — 64.4% 64.37%
EBITDA 3Y -6.8% 0.4% 6.6% 22.5% 36.5% 32.0% 37.0% 43.6% 51.6% 58.1% 34.9% 29.7% 32.0% 25.6% 16.2% -1.9% -11.7% -16.8% -20.1% -7.7% -7.71%
EBITDA 5Y 31.7% 23.4% 18.1% 27.5% 27.6% 28.6% 27.4% 17.5% 16.9% 15.5% 16.1% 16.0% 16.7% 9.9% 12.2% 17.1% 19.3% 26.1% 10.3% 13.8% 13.83%
Gross Profit 3Y -9.7% 2.7% 13.8% 30.2% 34.1% 25.5% 26.0% 44.4% 75.8% 1.6% 69.7% 35.4% 22.6% 12.7% 5.3% -5.6% -8.6% -7.1% -3.5% 11.1% 11.12%
Gross Profit 5Y 18.7% 6.7% 5.1% 10.8% 8.8% 12.7% 12.5% 4.1% 5.9% 10.7% 15.4% 18.2% 19.2% 14.3% 13.2% 26.2% 33.4% 68.7% 31.8% 20.9% 20.91%
Op. Income 3Y -12.4% -0.8% 18.8% 36.8% 34.8% 37.4% 39.7% 69.5% 1.6% — 1.1% 45.7% 28.9% 15.0% 1.5% -10.0% -10.1% -13.9% -8.1% 9.4% 9.38%
Op. Income 5Y 31.2% 24.1% 23.4% 29.3% 21.3% 22.6% 18.4% 6.5% 12.7% 11.4% 13.0% 15.4% 18.3% 14.6% 19.8% 40.0% 62.0% — 51.5% 27.2% 27.22%
FCF 3Y 33.3% 27.3% 9.1% 22.3% 1.3% 32.6% 60.3% — 37.3% 86.1% 49.2% 12.1% -1.3% 14.2% -13.9% -20.1% 19.2% -43.7% -20.0% -9.6% -9.64%
FCF 5Y — 31.1% 31.2% 19.4% -6.8% 25.3% 23.6% 22.3% 44.0% 33.1% 18.6% 16.1% 93.1% 7.7% -2.3% — -5.5% 6.4% 22.6% 12.8% 12.85%
OCF 3Y 13.5% 8.7% 1.7% 5.8% 0.9% 19.1% 26.2% 44.8% 31.7% 43.0% 34.7% 19.6% 2.1% 9.7% 1.6% -5.0% 20.0% -24.5% -16.6% -10.3% -10.30%
OCF 5Y 14.5% 8.9% 9.7% 11.3% -3.5% 17.9% 19.5% 18.9% 23.3% 11.9% 8.9% 7.6% 14.0% 5.8% 0.7% 8.6% 2.8% 9.2% 14.8% 11.8% 11.84%
Assets 3Y 2.3% 5.5% 8.3% 9.3% 9.3% 5.3% 4.0% 5.1% 7.7% 10.0% 8.9% 9.4% 5.7% 4.1% -2.3% -5.3% -5.8% -1.6% 0.8% 3.5% 3.54%
Assets 5Y 0.5% 3.7% 6.5% 8.9% 9.0% 5.4% 4.8% 3.4% 4.9% 5.5% 3.7% 3.6% 2.7% 4.1% 3.5% 3.6% 3.5% 4.2% 4.3% 5.5% 5.55%
Equity 3Y -13.5% -12.7% -12.2% -5.6% -1.9% -2.0% 1.0% 4.9% 9.1% 11.7% 10.8% 13.1% 15.3% 15.4% 15.0% 3.9% 1.6% 2.0% -1.7% 3.8% 3.84%
Book Value 3Y -13.5% -12.7% -12.8% -6.7% 1.7% -1.4% 1.6% 5.4% 11.0% 14.4% 13.8% 17.1% 19.1% -4.6% -6.4% -14.9% -19.1% -16.3% -19.4% -17.3% -17.28%
Dividend 3Y -0.3% 8.1% 10.3% 8.1% -3.0% -0.2% -0.2% 6.2% 8.4% -2.7% -2.5% -1.9% -2.6% -17.5% -18.7% -15.2% -16.7% -14.0% -14.1% -19.6% -19.61%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.18 0.27 0.31 0.37 0.45 0.35 0.29 0.33 0.42 0.36 0.28 0.28 0.39 0.25 0.20 0.24 0.40 0.403
Earnings Stability 0.26 0.29 0.66 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.23 0.31 0.59 0.62 0.44 0.41 0.64 0.56 0.47 0.16 0.32 0.320
Margin Stability 0.53 0.51 0.71 0.68 0.62 0.51 0.74 0.70 0.65 0.50 0.67 0.75 0.78 0.81 0.79 0.68 0.64 0.50 0.69 0.80 0.796
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.92 0.50 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.93 0.88 0.89 0.97 0.85 0.95 0.954
Earnings Smoothness — — — 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.67 0.77 0.48 0.81 0.79 0.73 0.79 0.66 0.68 0.93 0.54 0.89 0.892
ROE Trend -0.02 0.04 -0.03 0.16 0.37 0.50 0.53 0.31 0.26 0.10 0.04 0.02 -0.02 -0.14 -0.16 -0.12 -0.12 -0.01 -0.08 -0.03 -0.029
Gross Margin Trend 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02 -0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.015
FCF Margin Trend 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.06 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 -0.05 0.01 0.03 0.030
Sustainable Growth Rate — -16.1% — 3.7% 22.1% 33.9% 43.9% 28.9% 27.1% 22.1% 18.4% 21.3% 21.0% 13.7% 12.7% 11.4% 11.3% 14.0% 3.6% 13.6% 13.55%
Internal Growth Rate — — — 0.9% 5.1% 8.6% 11.2% 7.6% 7.2% 6.1% 5.6% 6.4% 6.1% 3.9% 3.9% 3.3% 3.3% 4.1% 1.0% 4.0% 3.96%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income -15.12 475.25 -16.35 3.67 0.99 1.86 1.64 2.09 2.43 1.90 1.97 1.79 1.64 2.41 1.75 1.77 2.08 1.23 3.15 2.31 2.305
FCF/OCF 0.47 0.40 0.41 0.49 0.37 0.57 0.59 0.58 0.63 0.59 0.51 0.46 0.43 0.45 0.25 0.29 0.37 0.24 0.52 0.59 0.589
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.358
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.761
CapEx/Revenue 7.7% 7.1% 5.5% 4.7% 2.9% 5.1% 5.5% 6.1% 6.8% 5.1% 6.0% 6.2% 5.9% 6.5% 6.4% 6.1% 6.5% 5.4% 5.0% 4.8% 4.82%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.418
Accruals Ratio -0.17 -0.14 -0.12 -0.09 0.00 -0.10 -0.08 -0.11 -0.14 -0.08 -0.08 -0.07 -0.05 -0.09 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 -0.02 -0.09 -0.09 -0.088
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.054
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.666
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.33%
Dividend/Share $0.30 $0.30 $0.31 $0.25 $0.28 $0.30 $0.30 $0.30 $0.32 $0.27 $0.28 $0.27 $0.28 $0.14 $0.14 $0.15 $0.16 $0.16 $0.16 $0.15 $0.34
Payout Ratio — 125.8% — 76.2% 34.7% 28.7% 23.0% 29.7% 30.1% 30.8% 33.4% 30.5% 31.2% 40.3% 40.8% 47.3% 49.3% 43.2% 74.8% 43.7% 43.68%
FCF Payout Ratio 51.6% 66.1% 72.0% 42.4% 94.3% 27.0% 23.9% 24.6% 19.6% 27.4% 33.4% 36.7% 44.6% 37.0% 93.9% 91.9% 64.6% 1.5% 45.8% 32.2% 32.17%
Total Payout Ratio — 145.0% — 97.5% 44.5% 44.2% 39.0% 57.4% 57.7% 67.4% 70.6% 59.4% 69.7% 74.0% 74.0% 87.3% 70.5% 65.9% 1.2% 71.7% 71.72%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) -0.31 0.00 -0.16 0.31 0.45 0.53 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.48 0.51 0.54 0.45 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.55 0.40 0.45 0.452
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.82 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.90 0.93 0.91 0.94 0.937
EBIT Margin 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.120
Asset Turnover 1.07 1.18 1.22 1.42 1.60 1.73 1.61 1.45 1.26 1.26 1.29 1.34 1.34 1.28 1.29 1.26 1.27 1.21 1.23 1.33 1.330
Equity Multiplier 4.24 4.41 4.52 4.35 4.52 4.30 4.36 4.12 4.01 3.82 3.48 3.55 3.67 3.67 3.42 3.56 3.57 3.53 3.58 3.56 3.555
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $-0.08 $0.00 $-0.06 $0.33 $0.80 $1.05 $1.31 $1.02 $1.06 $0.88 $0.82 $0.90 $0.89 $0.35 $0.34 $0.32 $0.33 $0.38 $0.22 $0.34 $0.34
Book Value/Share $1.72 $1.84 $1.93 $2.33 $2.81 $2.55 $2.68 $2.60 $2.79 $2.85 $3.13 $3.10 $2.91 $1.60 $1.58 $1.43 $1.49 $1.50 $1.40 $1.47 $3.85
Tangible Book/Share $1.21 $1.40 $1.50 $1.95 $2.31 $2.10 $2.22 $2.15 $2.34 $2.40 $2.67 $2.65 $2.44 $1.35 $1.34 $1.21 $1.26 $1.29 $1.20 $1.17 $1.17
Revenue/Share $8.54 $9.72 $11.31 $13.28 $17.09 $16.47 $16.15 $14.79 $13.81 $13.37 $13.44 $13.98 $14.33 $7.26 $6.98 $6.75 $6.72 $6.59 $6.65 $6.65 $16.24
FCF/Share $0.59 $0.46 $0.43 $0.60 $0.29 $1.12 $1.26 $1.23 $1.62 $1.00 $0.83 $0.75 $0.63 $0.39 $0.15 $0.17 $0.25 $0.11 $0.36 $0.46 $1.16
OCF/Share $1.25 $1.15 $1.05 $1.22 $0.79 $1.96 $2.15 $2.14 $2.56 $1.68 $1.63 $1.61 $1.47 $0.85 $0.60 $0.58 $0.69 $0.47 $0.69 $0.78 $1.81
Cash/Share $0.76 $1.77 $2.60 $1.25 $2.32 $1.68 $1.37 $1.31 $1.53 $1.53 $1.32 $1.67 $1.34 $0.83 $0.93 $0.93 $1.01 $0.97 $0.83 $0.79 $1.94
EBITDA/Share $0.95 $1.07 $1.31 $2.00 $2.87 $3.10 $2.98 $2.58 $2.69 $2.33 $2.44 $2.48 $2.41 $1.20 $1.11 $1.04 $1.00 $0.98 $0.84 $1.03 $1.03
Debt/Share $2.68 $3.30 $3.80 $3.29 $3.87 $3.23 $2.87 $2.84 $3.08 $3.50 $3.33 $3.17 $3.17 $1.67 $1.64 $1.64 $1.65 $1.66 $1.47 $1.43 $1.43
Net Debt/Share $1.93 $1.53 $1.20 $2.04 $1.55 $1.55 $1.51 $1.53 $1.55 $1.97 $2.01 $1.50 $1.83 $0.84 $0.71 $0.71 $0.64 $0.69 $0.65 $0.64 $0.64
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 8 5 8 6 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 6 6 5 4 4 5 6 7 7
Beneish M-Score -2.91 -2.54 -1.71 -1.87 -1.28 -2.65 -3.49 -3.47 -4.50 -2.57 -2.86 -2.63 -3.71 -2.73 -2.17 -2.36 -2.42 -2.59 -2.86 -2.81 -2.807
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.667
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 25.67%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-1.31
EVA snapshot only $969533125.03
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A
Credit Score 60.15 61.05 57.50 67.55 68.55 74.40 77.40 74.65 77.50 71.90 71.90 71.90 71.00 71.90 67.00 70.40 71.00 69.50 68.05 72.80 72.800
Credit Grade snapshot only 6
Credit Trend snapshot only 2.400
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 150.000

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