— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: GFTU.L (LSE) · $vol 4M

GROUF OTC

Grafton Group plc
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.0% YTD: -7.7% 1Y: +0.5% 3Y: +78.5% 5Y: -27.6%
$11.05
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Industrials · Industrial - Distribution · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 45 · $2.1B mcap · 157M float · 0.0003% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 3Hold: 0Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. GROUF receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROA (5/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 A A-
2026-08-14 A- A
2026-08-11 A A-
2026-07-25 A- A
2026-07-02 A A-
2026-07-01 None ADDED
2026-06-16 EXISTED None
2026-06-09 None ADDED
2026-06-08 EXISTED None
2026-06-03 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
32
Balance Sheet
79
Earnings Quality
76
Growth
37
Value
—
Momentum
67
Safety
—
Cash Flow
58

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.15
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.47
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A+
Score: 77.8/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 1.86x
Accruals: -7.9%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. GROUF scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. GROUF's score of -2.15 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. GROUF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. GROUF receives an estimated rating of A+ (score: 77.8/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). GROUF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
13.74x
PEG
9.21x
P/S
0.70x
P/B
1.09x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$16.31
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 13.7x earnings, GROUF trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $16.31 per share, suggesting a potential 48% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.814
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.920
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.070
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.737
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.795
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
16.4%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. GROUF's ROE of 16.4% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.737), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
11.60%
Fair P/E
31.69x
Intrinsic Value
$43.98
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with GROUF's realized 11.6% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. GROUF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $43.98, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 31.7x compares to the current market P/E of 13.7x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$11.05
Median 1Y
$11.07
5th Pctile
$6.24
95th Pctile
$19.76
Ann. Volatility
34.4%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 19.4% 19.9% 20.5% 21.5% 23.1% 21.3% 23.1% 18.2% 18.5% 23.4% 21.8% 27.4% 27.2% 22.7% 21.2% 18.2% 16.2% 16.1% 15.7% 16.4% 16.43%
ROA 10.3% 10.3% 10.9% 11.1% 12.6% 10.0% 11.6% 9.2% 9.7% 11.6% 11.5% 14.6% 14.6% 12.9% 12.4% 10.5% 9.4% 9.2% 9.2% 9.2% 9.15%
ROIC 17.7% 18.5% 19.4% 19.3% 20.5% 15.9% 16.2% 13.2% 15.6% 16.8% 21.3% 25.6% 23.7% 22.5% 20.4% 18.5% 15.6% 18.9% 14.5% 13.9% 13.90%
ROCE 17.4% 18.0% 18.5% 19.6% 20.2% 16.1% 16.6% 14.0% 15.3% 17.2% 18.1% 22.8% 21.9% 21.2% 20.7% 18.5% 17.5% 16.3% 15.1% 15.2% 15.25%
Gross Margin 56.9% 5.8% 58.6% 6.3% 66.1% 6.7% 7.6% 0.9% 10.1% 13.3% 11.1% 10.6% 10.4% 7.9% 66.0% 7.3% 66.6% 6.4% 24.0% 6.4% 6.43%
Operating Margin 5.6% 5.6% 5.9% 6.1% 7.7% 6.7% 7.6% 0.9% 10.0% 13.3% 11.1% 10.6% 10.4% 7.9% 7.9% 6.3% 7.1% 13.4% -0.4% 6.4% 6.43%
Net Margin 3.3% 4.5% 4.9% 5.1% 6.1% 3.3% 8.2% 1.5% 6.3% 13.2% 8.5% 9.5% 8.6% 6.3% 6.5% 5.0% 5.6% 5.5% 5.4% 4.7% 4.66%
EBITDA Margin 7.0% 7.2% 7.4% 7.8% 9.7% 11.1% 12.6% 8.9% 12.8% 20.9% 15.8% 17.1% 16.5% 14.1% 14.7% 9.1% 18.3% 9.1% 12.5% 12.5% 12.47%
FCF Margin 3.5% 3.9% 4.0% 3.6% 4.2% 4.8% 5.6% 6.4% 8.9% 11.6% 10.3% 10.1% 8.2% 6.7% 8.9% 9.6% 9.7% 8.6% 8.8% 8.2% 8.16%
OCF Margin 5.5% 6.1% 6.3% 6.1% 6.9% 7.1% 7.8% 8.4% 10.6% 13.4% 12.0% 12.0% 10.5% 9.1% 11.3% 12.0% 11.8% 10.5% 10.5% 9.8% 9.79%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 19.96%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 19.36%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 11.31%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 16.23%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 12.08%
Cash ROA snapshot only 16.30%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 25.38%
CROIC snapshot only 21.13%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 5.37%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 6.47%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 3.78%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 13.740
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.697
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.089
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 9.206
Graham Number snapshot only $16.31
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.62 1.54 1.64 1.45 1.59 1.61 1.77 2.03 1.79 2.81 2.47 2.15 2.73 2.36 2.48 2.21 2.16 1.94 2.11 1.83 1.825
Quick Ratio 1.10 1.05 1.10 0.96 1.05 1.16 1.25 1.44 1.28 2.36 1.87 1.57 1.94 1.66 1.74 1.56 1.47 1.32 1.43 1.17 1.167
Debt/Equity 0.28 0.29 0.27 0.23 0.21 0.68 0.65 0.66 0.55 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.44 0.435
Net Debt/Equity 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.41 0.39 0.35 0.24 0.15 -0.08 -0.04 -0.01 -0.00 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.19 0.193
Debt/Assets 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.27 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.234
Debt/EBITDA 0.93 0.93 0.85 0.72 0.65 1.85 1.64 1.72 1.36 1.09 1.06 0.92 0.91 0.88 0.88 0.96 0.99 1.09 1.06 1.09 1.087
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.30 0.23 0.17 0.26 0.13 1.11 0.99 0.91 0.60 0.38 -0.21 -0.10 -0.01 -0.01 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.25 0.21 0.48 0.483
Interest Coverage 20.57 24.31 26.04 28.15 15.21 13.78 16.30 16.21 53.48 — — — 49.37 21.32 13.75 7.04 7.90 9.10 8.58 12.54 12.540
Equity Multiplier 1.90 1.97 1.86 1.88 1.78 2.28 2.11 2.07 2.03 1.79 1.72 1.73 1.71 1.73 1.69 1.73 1.72 1.78 1.71 1.86 1.858
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.562
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 23.084
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.556
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.579
Defensive Interval snapshot only 327.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 2.54 2.50 2.57 2.49 2.46 2.08 2.08 1.91 1.96 1.61 1.58 1.60 1.48 1.57 1.60 1.59 1.60 1.62 1.71 1.74 1.737
Inventory Turnover 11.89 11.51 11.72 11.46 11.05 10.84 13.01 12.06 14.40 14.87 12.71 11.93 10.85 12.93 10.03 9.42 7.47 7.44 9.44 9.25 9.254
Receivables Turnover 18.94 12.04 19.53 11.75 18.06 11.56 19.11 12.47 19.02 7.45 22.25 16.21 21.13 8.34 28.25 15.94 23.97 13.93 24.15 14.15 14.154
Payables Turnover 8.72 6.07 8.77 5.92 8.17 5.73 10.07 7.17 11.21 8.00 12.65 9.26 11.71 8.77 13.23 7.64 10.99 6.09 12.56 7.56 7.557
DSO 19 30 19 31 20 32 19 29 19 49 16 23 17 44 13 23 15 26 15 26 25.8 days
DIO 31 32 31 32 33 34 28 30 25 25 29 31 34 28 36 39 49 49 39 39 39.4 days
DPO 42 60 42 62 45 64 36 51 33 46 29 39 31 42 28 48 33 60 29 48 48.3 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 8 2 8 1 9 2 11 9 12 28 16 14 20 30 22 14 31 15 25 17 16.9 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 6.837
Operating Cycle snapshot only 65.2 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 12.772
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.601
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 18.5% 19.8% 21.6% 19.8% 12.7% 8.9% 1.0% -8.6% -2.6% -11.9% -12.4% -4.4% -14.9% -4.2% 0.0% -2.3% 4.3% 2.0% 3.9% 8.7% 8.74%
Net Income 34.0% 37.2% 24.7% 25.8% 43.0% 27.1% 32.7% -1.5% -6.0% 33.3% 14.4% 80.3% 70.5% 8.7% 6.5% -28.9% -38.0% -29.5% -27.6% -13.6% -13.55%
EPS 34.2% 36.2% 23.5% 24.8% 42.2% 26.4% 32.2% -1.6% -6.3% 32.6% 13.8% 79.8% 78.3% 19.0% 22.1% -15.7% -29.8% -21.3% -21.5% -8.3% -8.26%
FCF 9.4% 18.7% 21.7% 4.8% 34.7% 36.0% 41.4% 65.1% 1.1% 1.1% 61.7% 50.5% -21.4% -44.8% -13.1% -7.7% 22.4% 30.6% 2.3% -7.3% -7.27%
EBITDA 30.7% 28.3% 27.4% 28.9% 31.2% 39.6% 45.3% 32.0% 40.4% 33.7% 23.6% 46.7% 29.9% 11.4% 8.1% -18.7% -16.5% -18.4% -18.9% 3.7% 3.70%
Op. Income 38.2% 32.0% 29.0% 29.9% 32.2% 29.7% 26.4% -6.4% 3.1% 8.4% 11.4% 78.4% 44.3% 17.9% 3.2% -28.6% -32.6% -9.8% -25.7% -11.6% -11.60%
OCF Growth snapshot only -11.14%
Asset Growth snapshot only 9.11%
Equity Growth snapshot only 1.61%
Debt Growth snapshot only 17.49%
Shares Change snapshot only -5.77%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -50.31%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 39.8% 24.4% 14.9% 15.9% 14.9% 15.0% 12.6% 8.9% 9.2% 4.7% 2.5% 1.5% -2.2% -2.8% -4.0% -5.2% -4.7% -4.9% -3.1% 0.5% 0.51%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — 41.7% 24.6% 13.0% 6.1% 6.3% 4.7% 5.1% 4.6% 3.8% 2.9% 2.4% 2.3% 2.1% 2.13%
EPS 3Y 50.2% 52.8% 55.8% 71.7% 85.6% 46.1% 41.4% 24.6% 21.4% 31.6% 22.9% 30.2% 33.5% 25.9% 22.5% 14.2% 5.5% 7.5% 2.9% 11.6% 11.60%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — 53.1% 35.2% 43.0% 41.6% 55.0% 60.6% 37.5% 31.5% 24.0% 17.5% 16.4% 12.2% 11.3% 11.29%
Net Income 3Y 51.2% 53.7% 56.9% 73.2% 87.3% 47.3% 42.4% 25.5% 21.7% 32.5% 23.7% 30.7% 31.9% 22.6% 17.4% 8.1% -0.2% 0.7% -4.1% 3.5% 3.50%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — 53.9% 36.0% 43.8% 42.4% 56.0% 60.1% 35.9% 28.6% 20.4% 13.7% 12.2% 7.8% 6.6% 6.56%
EBITDA 3Y 62.8% 49.5% 39.7% 43.2% 41.8% 43.3% 40.5% 33.2% 34.0% 33.8% 31.8% 35.6% 33.8% 27.7% 24.8% 16.3% 15.1% 6.7% 2.7% 7.3% 7.34%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — 69.4% 51.4% 44.2% 37.4% 41.5% 39.0% 34.4% 30.0% 23.0% 21.2% 16.8% 15.0% 16.0% 16.03%
Gross Profit 3Y -4.8% -16.3% -21.3% -15.9% -11.3% 1.6% -8.8% -5.6% -35.0% -33.0% -32.8% -27.5% -30.7% -33.1% -13.7% -15.1% -1.6% -2.2% 4.6% 7.4% 7.44%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — 2.9% -27.5% -31.6% -34.6% -28.8% -27.8% -23.2% -5.3% -2.5% 6.0% 5.4% -2.0% -2.2% -2.20%
Op. Income 3Y 1.1% 89.7% 83.3% 84.5% 66.5% 57.5% 41.9% 22.9% 23.5% 22.9% 22.0% 29.5% 25.3% 18.3% 13.3% 6.0% 0.1% 4.8% -5.1% 4.0% 4.04%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — 75.8% 64.7% 57.2% 54.0% 60.0% 47.0% 37.9% 26.9% 18.8% 12.9% 14.5% 6.9% 6.5% 6.49%
FCF 3Y 37.1% 32.8% 27.8% 28.5% 43.5% 40.1% 46.6% 33.5% 44.9% 50.8% 40.7% 37.6% 29.7% 16.8% 25.7% 31.9% 25.6% 15.2% 12.8% 8.8% 8.82%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — 57.9% 48.3% 46.6% 36.7% 39.4% 36.8% 26.3% 34.7% 27.0% 23.9% 19.8% 19.8% 17.4% 17.40%
OCF 3Y 52.5% 42.4% 34.2% 34.5% 40.5% 38.8% 42.1% 29.3% 36.4% 39.9% 30.0% 28.2% 21.7% 11.2% 16.4% 18.7% 14.3% 8.2% 7.0% 5.9% 5.91%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — 62.5% 49.9% 43.6% 32.3% 33.1% 28.8% 23.5% 29.5% 23.6% 20.1% 15.9% 14.8% 12.7% 12.74%
Assets 3Y 5.0% 6.8% 10.8% 12.4% 12.3% 20.3% 20.4% 18.2% 20.6% 18.1% 16.3% 14.5% 14.0% 9.7% 8.7% 6.0% 6.0% -1.5% -0.7% 1.9% 1.86%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — 9.6% 11.4% 10.1% 12.9% 13.3% 12.8% 11.0% 11.2% 9.8% 10.1% 10.0% 8.5% 8.2% 8.21%
Equity 3Y 7.6% 9.1% 12.7% 15.5% 16.7% 15.4% 16.1% 16.2% 17.6% 20.5% 20.4% 20.2% 18.0% 14.4% 12.1% 9.0% 7.2% 7.0% 6.6% 5.6% 5.56%
Book Value 3Y 6.9% 8.5% 12.0% 14.5% 15.6% 14.4% 15.3% 15.4% 17.3% 19.8% 19.6% 19.7% 19.5% 17.5% 17.0% 15.1% 13.3% 14.2% 14.4% 13.8% 13.82%
Dividend 3Y 12.5% 10.9% 9.0% 7.5% 7.4% 7.9% 8.2% -6.2% -15.5% -0.4% 0.3% 32.7% 55.3% 25.4% 25.1% 19.3% 2.7% 6.7% 7.2% -16.3% -16.27%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.92 0.99 0.94 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.92 0.85 0.90 0.77 0.59 0.54 0.37 0.30 0.21 0.16 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.32 0.318
Earnings Stability 0.85 0.97 0.99 0.97 0.92 0.99 0.99 0.94 0.90 0.98 0.99 0.90 0.92 0.99 0.98 0.69 0.53 0.55 0.45 0.23 0.230
Margin Stability 0.43 0.37 0.34 0.41 0.53 0.77 0.76 0.24 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.21 0.17 0.35 0.54 0.64 0.42 0.43 0.62 0.67 0.674
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.86 0.85 0.90 0.90 0.83 0.89 0.87 0.99 0.98 0.87 0.94 0.50 0.50 0.97 0.97 0.88 0.85 0.88 0.89 0.95 0.946
Earnings Smoothness 0.71 0.69 0.78 0.77 0.65 0.76 0.72 0.98 0.94 0.71 0.87 0.43 0.48 0.92 0.94 0.66 0.53 0.65 0.68 0.85 0.855
ROE Trend 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 -0.02 -0.02 0.02 -0.01 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.05 -0.06 -0.055
Gross Margin Trend -0.20 -0.09 -0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 -0.12 -0.11 -0.26 -0.24 -0.17 -0.15 -0.09 -0.11 0.09 0.07 0.28 0.27 0.09 0.08 0.077
FCF Margin Trend 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.017
Sustainable Growth Rate 13.6% 13.8% 14.6% 15.4% 17.0% 14.8% 16.6% 13.8% 15.4% 18.0% 16.3% 18.6% 17.3% 13.9% 12.5% 6.4% 7.5% 7.2% 6.8% 10.7% 10.65%
Internal Growth Rate 7.8% 7.7% 8.4% 8.6% 10.2% 7.4% 9.1% 7.5% 8.7% 9.8% 9.4% 11.0% 10.3% 8.5% 7.9% 3.8% 4.6% 4.3% 4.2% 6.3% 6.31%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.35 1.49 1.50 1.37 1.34 1.49 1.41 1.73 2.15 1.86 1.66 1.32 1.07 1.11 1.46 1.81 2.01 1.85 1.96 1.86 1.859
FCF/OCF 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.58 0.61 0.67 0.71 0.77 0.84 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.78 0.73 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.833
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.548
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.756
CapEx/Revenue 1.9% 2.2% 2.4% 2.6% 2.6% 2.3% 2.3% 1.9% 1.7% 1.8% 1.8% 1.9% 2.3% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.2% 1.9% 1.7% 1.6% 1.64%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.277
Accruals Ratio -0.04 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 -0.11 -0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 -0.09 -0.10 -0.08 -0.09 -0.08 -0.079
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.132
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.805
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.07%
Dividend/Share $0.24 $0.26 $0.27 $0.29 $0.30 $0.33 $0.35 $0.24 $0.18 $0.33 $0.35 $0.58 $0.69 $0.67 $0.70 $0.98 $0.72 $0.74 $0.76 $0.49 $0.38
Payout Ratio 29.8% 30.3% 28.8% 28.7% 26.5% 30.7% 28.1% 24.5% 17.2% 23.2% 25.3% 32.1% 36.4% 38.8% 41.0% 64.9% 53.8% 55.1% 56.4% 35.2% 35.16%
FCF Payout Ratio 34.2% 32.2% 30.7% 36.1% 32.3% 30.5% 28.1% 18.4% 9.5% 14.4% 17.9% 28.9% 43.7% 47.6% 35.5% 45.0% 32.8% 36.5% 34.6% 22.7% 22.72%
Total Payout Ratio 29.8% 30.3% 28.8% 28.7% 27.6% 34.2% 31.3% 28.3% 19.5% 23.2% 25.3% 44.1% 69.1% 98.6% 1.3% 1.6% 1.4% 1.3% 1.1% 77.2% 77.20%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.76 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.96 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.814
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.86 0.85 0.88 0.89 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.87 0.91 0.94 0.92 0.920
EBIT Margin 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.070
Asset Turnover 2.54 2.50 2.57 2.49 2.46 2.08 2.08 1.91 1.96 1.61 1.58 1.60 1.48 1.57 1.60 1.59 1.60 1.62 1.71 1.74 1.737
Equity Multiplier 1.89 1.94 1.88 1.94 1.83 2.14 2.00 1.98 1.91 2.01 1.89 1.88 1.86 1.76 1.71 1.73 1.72 1.76 1.70 1.79 1.795
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.80 $0.86 $0.93 $1.01 $1.14 $1.09 $1.23 $1.00 $1.07 $1.44 $1.40 $1.80 $1.91 $1.71 $1.71 $1.51 $1.34 $1.35 $1.34 $1.39 $1.39
Book Value/Share $4.48 $4.72 $4.94 $5.17 $5.44 $5.51 $5.71 $5.78 $6.14 $6.83 $7.17 $7.35 $7.64 $7.65 $7.92 $7.90 $7.91 $8.21 $8.55 $8.52 $8.58
Tangible Book/Share $1.90 $2.02 $2.22 $2.12 $2.39 $2.51 $2.52 $2.52 $2.71 $4.11 $4.06 $4.07 $4.18 $4.15 $4.17 $4.11 $4.10 $4.19 $4.45 $3.60 $3.60
Revenue/Share $19.91 $20.98 $21.97 $22.66 $22.31 $22.72 $22.11 $20.69 $21.68 $19.91 $19.25 $19.72 $19.30 $20.88 $22.09 $22.82 $22.80 $23.78 $24.91 $26.34 $13.69
FCF/Share $0.70 $0.81 $0.87 $0.81 $0.94 $1.10 $1.23 $1.33 $1.93 $2.32 $1.98 $2.00 $1.59 $1.40 $1.97 $2.18 $2.20 $2.04 $2.19 $2.15 $1.16
OCF/Share $1.09 $1.28 $1.39 $1.39 $1.53 $1.62 $1.73 $1.73 $2.31 $2.68 $2.32 $2.37 $2.04 $1.90 $2.50 $2.74 $2.70 $2.50 $2.62 $2.58 $1.38
Cash/Share $0.87 $1.03 $1.07 $0.77 $0.94 $1.51 $1.46 $1.77 $1.91 $1.92 $3.52 $3.27 $3.11 $2.92 $2.79 $2.74 $2.52 $2.52 $2.57 $2.06 $2.08
EBITDA/Share $1.36 $1.47 $1.56 $1.67 $1.78 $2.04 $2.26 $2.20 $2.49 $2.72 $2.78 $3.22 $3.38 $3.31 $3.44 $3.10 $3.20 $3.01 $3.03 $3.41 $3.41
Debt/Share $1.27 $1.36 $1.33 $1.20 $1.16 $3.77 $3.70 $3.78 $3.39 $2.95 $2.94 $2.97 $3.07 $2.91 $3.03 $2.97 $3.18 $3.27 $3.21 $3.71 $3.71
Net Debt/Share $0.40 $0.34 $0.26 $0.43 $0.22 $2.27 $2.24 $2.01 $1.48 $1.03 $-0.58 $-0.31 $-0.04 $-0.02 $0.24 $0.23 $0.65 $0.75 $0.64 $1.65 $1.65
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 8 6 7 7 7 6 5 4 4 7 7 7 8 6 9 7 7 5 6 5 5
Beneish M-Score -2.30 -2.39 -2.52 -2.53 -2.63 -2.58 0.88 0.03 -0.00 -2.37 -3.07 -3.08 -2.47 -2.55 -3.41 -3.37 -3.32 -2.34 -1.14 -2.15 -2.146
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.466
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 26.95%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-0.62
EVA snapshot only $75416656.87
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A+
Credit Score 81.75 81.75 81.75 81.75 80.50 71.90 74.05 75.40 78.75 77.75 77.75 79.25 81.75 81.15 79.25 76.75 76.75 75.25 75.25 77.75 77.750
Credit Grade snapshot only 5
Credit Trend snapshot only 1.000
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 125.000

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