— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: MSPAF (OTC) · $vol 0M

GROW.MI MIL

Growens S.p.A.
1W: -5.5% 1M: -6.5% 3M: -12.7% YTD: -34.1% 1Y: -52.1% 3Y: -63.6% 5Y: -47.7%
€1.72 ($1.94)
-0.04 (-2.27%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±9.7%
€1 €2 €2 €2 €2
MIL · Technology · Software - Application · Tech Score Sell · Power 44 · €24.0M mcap · 4M float · 0.515% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
2
P/E
1
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. GROW.MI receives an overall rating of B-. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), P/B (5/5). Areas of concern: ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (2/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B B-
2026-09-23 B- B
2026-09-22 B B-
2026-09-21 B- B
2026-04-28 C+ B-
2026-04-07 None ADDED
2026-04-07 EXISTED None
2026-04-01 B- C+
2026-03-24 C+ B-
2026-01-03 B- C+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 33 Grade D
Profitability
6
Balance Sheet
73
Earnings Quality
41
Growth
35
Value
41
Momentum
37
Safety
65
Cash Flow
48
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. GROW.MI scores highest in Balance Sheet (73/100) and lowest in Profitability (6/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
2.90
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
4/9
✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.98
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-5.52
Bankruptcy prob: 0.4%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 65.2/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -1.21x
Accruals: -14.6%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. GROW.MI scores 2.90, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. GROW.MI scores 4/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. GROW.MI's score of -2.98 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. GROW.MI's implied 0.4% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. GROW.MI receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 65.2/100), with a improving trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-19.03x
PEG
-0.22x
P/S
0.29x
P/B
0.79x
P/FCF
5.20x
P/OCF
5.10x
EV/EBITDA
6.03x
EV/Revenue
0.20x
EV/EBIT
-19.45x
EV/FCF
5.98x
Earnings Yield
-16.25%
FCF Yield
19.22%
Shareholder Yield
37.80%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. GROW.MI currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
1.282
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
2.143
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
-0.010
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
2.389
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.973
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-13.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. GROW.MI's ROE of -13.1% is driven by Asset Turnover (2.389), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 1.28 indicates minimal tax leakage — the company retains over 90% of pre-tax earnings.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$1.72
Median 1Y
$1.52
5th Pctile
$0.86
95th Pctile
$2.68
Ann. Volatility
35.4%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 12.7% 14.5% 12.6% 15.7% 15.8% 17.4% 15.6% 14.7% 10.3% 9.4% 5.5% -2.2% -12.4% -32.7% 67.3% 91.9% 97.5% 1.1% -10.6% -13.1% -13.08%
ROA 3.9% 4.4% 5.2% 6.0% 5.3% 5.6% 5.6% 5.3% 3.5% 3.1% 1.7% -0.6% -3.7% -8.7% 35.8% 35.8% 41.7% 41.9% -6.8% -6.6% -6.63%
ROIC 22.6% 21.5% 22.9% 34.2% 19.9% 17.8% 16.5% 16.7% 11.8% 10.3% 8.4% -25.6% 1.0% -9.1% -22.0% -25.9% -25.4% -10.6% -9.8% -5.3% -5.27%
ROCE 10.2% 16.5% 16.6% 19.5% 16.2% 14.3% 13.8% 12.0% 11.0% 9.4% 8.7% 0.7% 4.9% -8.8% -3.8% -7.9% -9.7% -9.4% -8.7% -4.5% -4.45%
Gross Margin 77.2% 43.8% 40.8% 35.2% 31.7% 29.1% 20.8% 25.6% 26.7% 28.7% 26.8% 16.4% 16.1% 20.2% 15.7% 21.8% 25.7% 26.2% 21.5% 20.5% 20.46%
Operating Margin 5.9% 3.7% 5.6% 5.6% 4.0% 2.8% 3.3% 1.7% 2.5% 1.4% 1.7% -3.7% 1.2% -7.6% -5.7% -7.9% 1.5% -0.6% -3.9% -2.6% -2.63%
Net Margin 6.0% 1.0% 2.9% 2.7% 3.5% 1.4% 2.3% 1.3% 0.5% 0.9% 0.2% -2.5% -4.0% -8.0% 77.2% -4.6% -2.0% -6.4% 0.1% -3.3% -3.27%
EBITDA Margin 11.7% 14.4% 11.9% 10.3% 8.4% 6.2% 8.5% 6.9% 8.4% 7.2% 7.6% -4.2% 5.3% -7.1% 4.1% -6.9% 3.5% -0.8% 6.8% 3.0% 2.96%
FCF Margin 27.9% 22.9% 6.7% 8.6% 5.6% 3.5% 3.6% 2.3% 2.1% 1.3% 4.4% 2.0% 1.6% 2.1% -5.5% -11.0% -6.8% -8.6% -3.3% 3.3% 3.28%
OCF Margin 29.8% 24.8% 8.5% 10.0% 7.0% 5.4% 7.0% 6.6% 7.0% 6.8% 9.6% 7.5% 7.8% 6.8% -2.3% -9.3% -6.8% -8.6% -3.2% 3.3% 3.35%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 17.41%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 15.47%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.00%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 14.68%
ROIC Economic snapshot only -5.20%
Cash ROA snapshot only 8.66%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 15.11%
CROIC snapshot only 14.81%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only -1.17%
Pretax Margin snapshot only -2.16%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 3.83%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 14.20%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 17.42 26.76 22.28 12.89 13.89 19.43 21.24 24.29 30.77 31.60 60.65 -122.47 -22.18 -13.51 1.95 2.95 2.87 1.56 -9.13 -6.15 -19.027
P/S Ratio 0.38 0.56 0.61 0.39 0.37 0.48 0.51 0.49 0.42 0.39 0.42 0.33 0.32 0.47 0.32 0.47 0.48 0.27 0.28 0.17 0.294
P/B Ratio 1.67 2.83 2.14 1.51 1.57 2.46 3.01 3.27 3.05 2.87 3.29 2.70 2.75 4.91 0.86 2.02 2.09 1.28 1.36 0.87 0.788
P/FCF 1.37 2.43 9.20 4.48 6.65 13.92 14.08 21.80 19.92 30.60 9.70 16.95 19.59 23.03 -5.82 -4.29 -7.05 -3.11 -8.63 5.20 5.203
P/OCF 1.28 2.24 7.26 3.85 5.29 9.03 7.23 7.53 6.02 5.72 4.42 4.42 4.10 6.99 — — — — — 5.10 5.099
EV/EBITDA 3.46 4.30 3.75 1.90 2.56 5.00 5.92 6.23 5.37 4.93 5.11 7.25 8.35 97.18 -35.63 -43.90 -28.48 335.79 33.89 6.03 6.030
EV/Revenue 0.35 0.50 0.46 0.23 0.28 0.43 0.48 0.46 0.40 0.38 0.38 0.33 0.33 0.55 0.09 0.39 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.196
EV/EBIT 10.15 10.35 7.94 3.88 5.29 10.32 12.88 16.11 16.07 17.49 21.18 222.29 35.20 -45.07 -5.62 -18.68 -16.03 -13.35 -14.59 -19.45 -19.448
EV/FCF 1.25 2.20 6.95 2.63 4.96 12.42 13.44 20.51 19.25 30.09 8.81 17.02 20.08 26.64 -1.55 -3.52 -5.90 -3.48 -9.07 5.98 5.983
Earnings Yield 5.7% 3.7% 4.5% 7.8% 7.2% 5.1% 4.7% 4.1% 3.2% 3.2% 1.6% -0.8% -4.5% -7.4% 51.2% 33.9% 34.9% 64.1% -11.0% -16.2% -16.25%
FCF Yield 73.1% 41.2% 10.9% 22.3% 15.0% 7.2% 7.1% 4.6% 5.0% 3.3% 10.3% 5.9% 5.1% 4.3% -17.2% -23.3% -14.2% -32.1% -11.6% 19.2% 19.22%
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 1.794
EV/OCF snapshot only 5.864
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 0.841
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 37.80%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.63 0.72 1.06 1.05 0.93 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.99 1.01 0.96 0.79 0.78 0.89 2.84 1.49 1.64 1.44 1.68 1.52 1.518
Quick Ratio 0.63 0.72 1.06 1.05 0.93 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.99 1.01 0.95 0.78 0.78 0.89 2.84 1.49 1.64 1.44 1.68 1.52 1.516
Debt/Equity 0.50 0.57 0.25 0.18 0.11 0.25 0.42 0.41 0.47 0.51 0.46 0.57 0.49 1.03 0.08 0.16 0.15 0.23 0.14 0.25 0.247
Net Debt/Equity -0.14 -0.26 -0.52 -0.62 -0.40 -0.27 -0.14 -0.19 -0.10 -0.05 -0.30 0.01 0.07 0.77 -0.63 -0.36 -0.34 0.15 0.07 0.13 0.131
Debt/Assets 0.14 0.16 0.11 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.23 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.13 0.125
Debt/EBITDA 1.15 0.96 0.58 0.39 0.25 0.57 0.86 0.82 0.85 0.89 0.78 1.53 1.44 17.64 -12.44 -4.28 -2.40 53.62 3.24 1.49 1.489
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.32 -0.44 -1.22 -1.33 -0.87 -0.61 -0.29 -0.39 -0.19 -0.08 -0.52 0.03 0.21 13.16 98.35 9.56 5.52 35.62 1.64 0.79 0.786
Interest Coverage 3826.73 — — — — — — — — — — — 3.67 -4.87 -6.17 -8.41 — — — — —
Equity Multiplier 3.65 3.52 2.32 2.40 2.70 2.96 3.17 3.12 3.16 3.16 3.31 3.78 3.57 4.49 1.44 1.97 1.73 1.84 1.80 1.97 1.973
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.143
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.472
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.677
Defensive Interval snapshot only 252.5 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.77 2.10 1.87 2.01 1.97 2.23 2.35 2.59 2.58 2.50 2.44 2.37 2.56 2.48 2.17 2.23 2.48 2.45 2.19 2.39 2.389
Inventory Turnover 8275.41 1857.44 1871.24 1074.17 6466.67 4066.25 12269.52 8412.38 4040.04 6790.69 6213.31 6398.92 4308.04 3201.76 9394.75 4158.00 4778.66 4097.36 — 2674.38 2674.383
Receivables Turnover 12.79 17.32 14.71 14.34 11.54 12.43 13.49 16.53 13.48 11.82 11.49 11.28 10.95 13.64 14.33 11.14 11.45 14.90 14.39 14.24 14.242
Payables Turnover 10.80 9.82 7.75 7.36 7.75 7.60 8.22 10.01 9.46 8.82 7.35 8.16 8.70 10.60 9.37 9.46 9.15 10.94 9.48 10.71 10.709
DSO 29 21 25 25 32 29 27 22 27 31 32 32 33 27 25 33 32 24 25 26 25.6 days
DIO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 days
DPO 34 37 47 50 47 48 44 36 39 41 50 45 42 34 39 39 40 33 39 34 34.1 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -5 -16 -22 -24 -15 -19 -17 -14 -11 -10 -18 -12 -9 -8 -13 -6 -8 -9 -13 -8 -8.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 130.409
Operating Cycle snapshot only 25.8 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 43.717
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.387
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 6.5% 3.0% 2.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 86.6% 55.7% 35.1% 24.0% 17.6% 15.1% 11.4% 6.6% 0.9% -0.1% -0.1% 2.5% 2.51%
Net Income 4.0% 4.6% 67.6% 10.6% 1.7% 1.6% 80.9% 38.4% -5.0% -23.1% -60.4% -1.2% -2.2% -4.3% 25.3% 64.3% 12.8% 5.9% -1.2% -1.2% -1.18%
EPS 4.6% 4.8% 46.6% 9.2% 65.9% 77.8% 96.6% 32.7% -14.6% -26.9% -62.8% -1.2% -2.4% -4.4% 31.9% 75.3% 12.7% 6.8% -1.2% -1.2% -1.16%
FCF 39.6% 4.8% -54.7% -39.5% -55.5% -66.6% 12.6% -46.5% -29.7% -43.1% 64.0% 6.8% -9.0% 86.6% -2.4% -7.0% -5.2% -5.2% 41.1% 1.3% 1.30%
EBITDA 5.2% 3.5% 4.1% 2.0% 1.4% 62.3% 37.9% 27.2% 30.0% 39.7% 24.6% -23.8% -38.9% -91.6% -1.0% -1.2% -1.4% -84.2% 4.6% 4.8% 4.77%
Op. Income 9.2% 2.0% 1.7% 1.0% 65.7% 79.7% 51.9% 11.2% 1.6% -17.2% -33.0% -81.2% -92.7% -2.0% -3.3% -13.1% -31.8% -62.4% 29.2% 69.0% 69.03%
OCF Growth snapshot only 1.37%
Asset Growth snapshot only -14.10%
Equity Growth snapshot only -14.10%
Debt Growth snapshot only 31.10%
Shares Change snapshot only 10.10%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -8.99%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — — — — 2.1% 1.4% 1.2% 82.5% 69.7% 58.1% 46.7% 39.1% 30.3% 21.5% 14.6% 10.6% 10.65%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.1% 73.9% 62.2% 46.0% 46.04%
EPS 3Y — — — — — — — — 1.0% 95.9% 2.3% — — — 1.9% 1.5% 1.4% 1.4% — — —
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.6% 1.7% — — —
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — — — 1.3% 1.2% 2.7% — — — 1.7% 1.4% 1.4% 1.3% — — —
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.8% 1.8% — — —
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — — — — 1.7% 1.2% 1.1% 42.2% 23.7% -42.5% — — — -73.6% -45.6% -16.0% -16.04%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -33.0% 2.7% 17.4% 17.43%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — — — — 3.0% 2.3% 2.0% 1.5% 46.4% 24.2% 7.3% 1.8% 7.7% 6.4% 8.2% 6.3% 6.26%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.3% 1.0% 93.1% 74.0% 74.00%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — — — — 1.6% 65.2% 39.8% -25.0% -50.2% — — — — — — — —
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — 1.3% 3.2% -5.7% -29.8% -34.2% -29.2% — — — — — 25.2% 25.24%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -8.6% -8.65%
OCF 3Y — — — — — — — — 2.0% 69.5% 20.1% 7.2% 8.4% 2.5% — — — — — -11.5% -11.55%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -9.6% -9.64%
Assets 3Y — — — — — — — — 82.8% 77.9% 44.3% 45.3% 34.0% 35.3% 36.7% 26.5% 11.5% 5.7% 1.6% 3.6% 3.56%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 46.1% 42.1% 23.9% 22.9% 22.88%
Equity 3Y — — — — — — — — 70.0% 72.8% 34.3% 35.4% 35.1% 24.7% 60.3% 35.1% 29.3% 23.8% 22.8% 20.7% 20.69%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — — — — 45.5% 50.5% 19.7% 27.9% 14.0% 8.4% 73.9% 40.5% 28.0% 29.7% 21.2% 23.3% 23.31%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.2% 2.24%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — — — — 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.89 0.94 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.873
Earnings Stability — — — — 0.96 0.96 1.00 0.95 0.87 0.72 0.26 0.01 0.12 0.28 0.54 0.48 0.37 0.29 0.06 0.05 0.050
Margin Stability — — — — 0.52 0.43 0.38 0.33 0.60 0.52 0.50 0.43 0.76 0.69 0.62 0.57 0.62 0.62 0.64 0.67 0.673
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence — — — — 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.98 0.91 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.200
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.10 0.42 0.68 0.95 0.74 0.13 — — — 0.00 — — — — — —
ROE Trend — — — — 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.07 -0.01 -0.03 -0.06 -0.15 -0.23 -0.47 0.34 0.63 0.74 0.96 -0.40 -0.47 -0.473
Gross Margin Trend — — — — 0.14 0.08 0.01 -0.02 -0.10 -0.11 -0.09 -0.12 -0.09 -0.10 -0.11 -0.07 -0.03 -0.00 0.02 0.02 0.019
FCF Margin Trend — — — — -0.11 -0.16 -0.26 -0.19 -0.15 -0.12 -0.01 -0.03 -0.02 -0.00 -0.10 -0.13 -0.09 -0.10 -0.03 0.08 0.078
Sustainable Growth Rate 12.7% 14.5% 12.6% 15.7% 15.8% 17.4% 15.6% 14.7% 10.3% 9.4% 5.5% — — — 67.3% 54.1% 19.9% 24.7% — — —
Internal Growth Rate 4.0% 4.6% 5.4% 6.4% 5.6% 5.9% 5.9% 5.5% 3.6% 3.2% 1.7% — — — 55.7% 26.7% 9.3% 10.1% — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 13.57 11.95 3.07 3.35 2.62 2.15 2.94 3.23 5.11 5.53 13.73 -27.73 -5.41 -1.93 -0.14 -0.58 -0.41 -0.50 1.03 -1.21 -1.207
FCF/OCF 0.94 0.92 0.79 0.86 0.80 0.65 0.51 0.35 0.30 0.19 0.46 0.26 0.21 0.30 2.45 1.19 1.00 1.00 1.03 0.98 0.980
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -1.183
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 1.028
CapEx/Revenue 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.4% 1.4% 1.9% 3.4% 4.3% 4.9% 5.5% 5.2% 5.5% 6.1% 4.7% 3.3% 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.07%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.016
Accruals Ratio -0.49 -0.48 -0.11 -0.14 -0.09 -0.06 -0.11 -0.12 -0.14 -0.14 -0.22 -0.18 -0.24 -0.26 0.41 0.57 0.59 0.63 0.00 -0.15 -0.146
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.131
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.513
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.9% 27.8% 50.0% 46.9% 37.8% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.79 $1.30 $1.54 $1.29 $0.72 $0.00
Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — 0.0% 41.2% 79.6% 78.0% — — —
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — — — 2.0% 1.97%
Total Payout Ratio 16.9% 14.6% 4.3% 2.4% 2.8% 2.3% 6.0% 7.1% 24.4% 40.8% 47.9% — — — 73.5% 1.2% 1.5% 1.5% — — —
Div. Increase Streak — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0 0 0 0 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.38 0.380
Buyback Yield 1.0% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 1.3% 0.8% 1.6% 1.2% 0.5% 37.6% 25.2% 25.0% 44.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 1.0% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% -0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 1.1% 0.8% 1.6% 1.2% 0.5% 37.6% 25.2% 25.0% 44.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 1.0% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% -0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 1.1% 0.8% 1.6% 1.2% 0.5% 37.6% 39.1% 52.7% 95.0% 46.9% 37.8% 37.80%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.66 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.58 0.60 0.64 0.73 0.57 0.60 0.42 -2.52 4.05 1.37 -5.87 -12.93 -9.45 -12.72 2.75 1.28 1.282
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.97 0.77 0.83 0.86 0.88 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.72 -0.38 2.11 1.84 0.60 0.71 0.60 0.55 2.14 2.143
EBIT Margin 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.010
Asset Turnover 1.77 2.10 1.87 2.01 1.97 2.23 2.35 2.59 2.58 2.50 2.44 2.37 2.56 2.48 2.17 2.23 2.48 2.45 2.19 2.39 2.389
Equity Multiplier 3.28 3.32 2.44 2.62 2.99 3.14 2.79 2.80 2.94 3.07 3.24 3.45 3.36 3.76 1.88 2.57 2.34 2.68 1.57 1.97 1.973
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.12 $0.12 $0.14 $0.16 $0.16 $0.10 $0.10 $0.06 $-0.03 $-0.14 $-0.34 $1.98 $1.92 $1.64 $1.98 $-0.30 $-0.31 $-0.31
Book Value/Share $0.76 $0.74 $0.85 $1.01 $1.07 $1.10 $1.14 $1.16 $1.04 $1.12 $1.11 $1.17 $1.13 $0.95 $4.49 $2.80 $2.24 $2.40 $2.03 $2.18 $2.18
Tangible Book/Share $-0.79 $-0.61 $0.00 $0.03 $-0.32 $-0.29 $-0.27 $-0.28 $-0.26 $-0.31 $-0.30 $-0.80 $-0.74 $-0.30 $3.39 $1.62 $1.24 $1.23 $1.03 $1.06 $1.06
Revenue/Share $3.32 $3.78 $2.98 $3.95 $4.53 $5.60 $6.78 $7.70 $7.59 $8.29 $8.60 $9.56 $9.76 $9.79 $11.99 $11.95 $9.72 $11.54 $9.80 $11.12 $5.84
FCF/Share $0.93 $0.86 $0.20 $0.34 $0.25 $0.19 $0.24 $0.17 $0.16 $0.11 $0.38 $0.19 $0.16 $0.20 $-0.66 $-1.32 $-0.67 $-0.99 $-0.32 $0.37 $0.12
OCF/Share $0.99 $0.94 $0.25 $0.39 $0.32 $0.30 $0.47 $0.50 $0.53 $0.56 $0.82 $0.72 $0.76 $0.66 $-0.27 $-1.11 $-0.67 $-0.99 $-0.31 $0.37 $0.12
Cash/Share $0.49 $0.62 $0.66 $0.81 $0.55 $0.57 $0.63 $0.70 $0.59 $0.62 $0.84 $0.66 $0.47 $0.25 $3.19 $1.46 $1.09 $0.18 $0.14 $0.25 $0.25
EBITDA/Share $0.34 $0.44 $0.37 $0.47 $0.49 $0.48 $0.55 $0.57 $0.57 $0.64 $0.65 $0.44 $0.38 $0.06 $-0.03 $-0.11 $-0.14 $0.01 $0.09 $0.36 $0.36
Debt/Share $0.38 $0.43 $0.21 $0.18 $0.12 $0.27 $0.48 $0.47 $0.49 $0.57 $0.51 $0.67 $0.55 $0.97 $0.36 $0.45 $0.33 $0.55 $0.28 $0.54 $0.54
Net Debt/Share $-0.11 $-0.20 $-0.45 $-0.63 $-0.43 $-0.29 $-0.16 $-0.23 $-0.11 $-0.05 $-0.33 $0.01 $0.08 $0.73 $-2.83 $-1.01 $-0.76 $0.37 $0.14 $0.28 $0.28
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.903
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 1.262
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 5 6 4 5 4 5 7 6 7 2 4 4
Beneish M-Score -71.17 -2.53 -1.52 -2.61 -0.82 -0.78 -0.88 -1.78 -2.62 -3.02 -3.66 -2.54 -2.79 -3.56 -0.74 -0.31 -0.53 0.40 -2.04 -2.98 -2.981
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -5.523
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only -11.15%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $0.58
EVA snapshot only $-5259027.13
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 66.23 70.07 76.86 78.55 74.62 79.00 78.80 80.10 79.73 75.82 83.05 65.60 63.31 37.37 61.01 55.58 67.72 48.49 60.11 65.19 65.186
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only 9.604
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 56
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 50

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