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HGH NYSE

The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. DEB FIX/FLT 42
1W: +0.1% 1M: -1.8% 3M: -2.0% 1Y: -7.5% 3Y: -11.2% 5Y: -20.3%
$25.00
Last traded 2022-04-18 — delisted
NYSE · Financial Services · Insurance - Diversified

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

NO EDGE
26.1 / 100
NoneWeakNarrowWide
Primary source: Cost Advantage  ·  ROIC: 0.0%  ·  5Y Avg: 77.5%
Cost Advantage ★
42
Intangibles
24
Switching Cost
12
Network Effect
18
Scale
40
The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. HGH has No discernible competitive edge (26.1/100). The business operates without significant structural advantages. The primary source of advantage is Cost Advantage. Negative ROIC of 0.0% indicates the company is currently destroying value, though this may reflect a growth investment phase.

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 34 Grade B
Profitability
17
Balance Sheet
64
Earnings Quality
63
Growth
0
Value
90
Momentum
40
Safety
100
Cash Flow
75
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. HGH scores highest in Safety (100/100) and lowest in Growth (0/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman-I Score
5.70
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.71
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-6.80
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 84.3/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 11.04x
Accruals: -6.2%
The Altman-I Score is adapted for insurance companies, emphasizing return on equity, tangible net worth, and cash reserves alongside the standard equity and earnings components. HGH scores 5.70, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 3.0, distress < 1.5). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. HGH scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. HGH's score of -2.71 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. HGH's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. HGH receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 84.3/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). HGH's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
7.60x
PEG
-0.09x
P/S
0.00x
P/B
0.35x
P/FCF
1.20x
P/OCF
1.20x
EV/EBITDA
2.67x
EV/Revenue
0.34x
EV/EBIT
5.44x
EV/FCF
1.27x
Earnings Yield
7.54%
FCF Yield
83.09%
Shareholder Yield
21.70%
Graham Number
$54.29
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 7.6x earnings, HGH trades at a deep value multiple. An earnings yield of 7.5% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $54.29 per share, suggesting a potential 117% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.148
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
2.635
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.063
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.253
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
4.620
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
2.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. HGH's ROE of 2.9% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 4.62x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance. A tax burden ratio of 0.15 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$16.03
Price/Value
1.56x
Margin of Safety
-56.05%
Premium
56.05%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with HGH's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. HGH trades at a 56% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $16.03, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 7.6x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$25.01
Median 1Y
$24.17
5th Pctile
$19.75
95th Pctile
$29.61
Ann. Volatility
12.6%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 9.7% 9.8% 8.6% 8.3% 14.2% 12.7% 17.4% 30.6% 19.2% 16.9% -0.0% -0.1% 9.0% 47.1% 53.5% 62.8% 32.8% 0.0% 1.3% 2.9% 2.87%
ROA 0.9% 1.0% 1.8% 1.8% 3.1% 2.8% 4.1% 7.0% 4.4% 3.8% -0.0% -0.0% 1.9% 9.6% 10.9% 13.1% 7.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.6% 0.62%
ROIC -10.8% -10.7% -8.1% -8.4% -7.2% -6.4% -8.4% 95.9% 68.0% 53.1% 6.6% -0.4% 0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
ROCE 3.3% 3.5% 2.9% 2.9% 4.4% 4.1% 5.4% 722.8% 215.0% 19.1% -0.4% -0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6% 3.2% -5.1% 3.1% 1.6% 1.57%
Gross Margin 36.4% 45.6% 42.4% 45.5% 45.2% 41.2% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 80.4% -0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Operating Margin 5.7% 17.0% 10.2% 13.5% 13.8% 8.2% 9.6% 242.6% -1.1% 11.3% 14.9% 11.1% 0.0% -0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Margin 0.0% 9.8% 5.7% 7.8% 16.7% 5.5% 8.5% -26.0% -27.6% 8.5% 11.3% 8.3% 11.4% 11.7% 9.3% 14.2% 14.9% -368.1% 11.8% 17.9% 17.87%
EBITDA Margin 15.6% 23.4% 18.5% 21.5% 30.7% 19.8% 6.7% -18656.6% 4.4% 33.3% 22.5% 19.3% 0.0% 15.3% 0.0% 0.0% 20.6% 88.0% 9.1% 0.0% 0.00%
FCF Margin 14.4% 12.0% 12.7% 16.6% 16.3% 16.4% 11.5% 7.3% 4.2% 3.8% -2564.7% 9.1% 59.8% 29.4% 26.8% 25.5% 20.5% 27.3% 27.1% 27.0% 27.03%
OCF Margin 15.0% 12.5% 13.2% 17.2% 16.8% 16.9% 11.8% 7.5% 4.4% 3.8% -2781.6% 9.4% 59.8% 29.9% 27.3% 26.0% 21.1% 28.2% 27.9% 27.1% 27.06%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 11.34%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 26.58%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.39%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 7.49%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 0.00%
Cash ROA snapshot only 6.68%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 29.38%
CROIC snapshot only 29.34%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 0.00%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 16.60%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.14%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 7.72 7.69 8.48 8.95 4.97 5.04 3.51 4.10 6.22 7.33 -46266.48 -500692.62 11.89 2.35 2.02 1.66 1.57 1842.50 30.75 13.26 7.600
P/S Ratio 0.53 0.54 0.52 0.53 0.50 0.45 0.33 0.39 0.48 0.62 88079.27 87756.17 1.35 0.27 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.000
P/B Ratio 0.76 0.72 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.57 542.71 532.80 529.90 520.24 572.91 0.54 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.49 372.40 0.37 0.36 0.354
P/FCF 3.66 4.49 4.12 3.21 3.06 2.78 2.85 5.41 11.43 16.44 -34.34 9623.39 2.26 0.93 0.85 0.76 0.94 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.203
P/OCF 3.50 4.30 3.95 3.09 2.97 2.69 2.76 5.25 11.08 16.34 — 9339.61 2.26 0.92 0.83 0.75 0.91 1.19 1.18 1.20 1.202
EV/EBITDA -4.90 -5.31 -6.85 -6.82 -7.77 -7.80 -8.45 2.87 5.20 10.62 -71.27 26894.33 1391549.79 2.28 2.47 2.39 1.65 5.35 2.52 2.67 2.667
EV/Revenue -1.12 -1.16 -1.37 -1.35 -1.83 -1.77 -1.31 0.39 0.48 0.62 88092.43 87766.41 1.38 0.28 0.25 0.21 0.19 0.54 0.33 0.34 0.343
EV/EBIT -11.22 -11.27 -14.83 -15.05 -13.48 -14.52 -11.39 3.41 5.21 6.49 -30653.62 -112085.91 2490010.29 3711204.68 — 7.47 3.42 4.29 2.65 5.44 5.442
EV/FCF -7.77 -9.67 -10.80 -8.16 -11.23 -10.82 -11.43 5.41 11.43 16.45 -34.35 9624.51 2.30 0.94 0.93 0.81 0.94 1.99 1.21 1.27 1.269
Earnings Yield 12.9% 13.0% 11.8% 11.2% 20.1% 19.9% 28.5% 24.4% 16.1% 13.6% -0.0% -0.0% 8.4% 42.5% 49.4% 60.3% 63.8% 0.1% 3.3% 7.5% 7.54%
FCF Yield 27.3% 22.3% 24.3% 31.2% 32.7% 36.0% 35.1% 18.5% 8.8% 6.1% -2.9% 0.0% 44.2% 1.1% 1.2% 1.3% 1.1% 81.4% 82.3% 83.1% 83.09%
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.404
EV/OCF snapshot only 1.267
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 21.70%
Graham Number snapshot only $54.29
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 6.98 6.87 6.29 6.44 8.07 8.10 8.79 3.28 — — — 6.84 16.86 16.69 16.19 17.18 17.79 0.02 18.17 18.15 18.152
Quick Ratio 6.98 6.87 6.29 6.44 8.07 8.10 8.79 3.28 — — — 6.84 16.86 16.69 16.19 17.18 17.79 0.02 18.17 18.15 18.152
Debt/Equity 0.36 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.28 0.28 0.31 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 230.31 0.23 0.22 0.223
Net Debt/Equity -2.37 -2.28 -2.41 -2.35 -2.97 -3.03 -2.84 0.23 0.23 0.26 0.08 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.00 230.07 -0.00 0.02 0.020
Debt/Assets 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 1.05 0.50 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 50.83 0.05 0.05 0.050
Debt/EBITDA 1.09 1.02 1.17 1.22 0.99 0.92 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.04 14.60 653117.39 1.08 1.08 1.08 0.79 2.04 1.56 1.57 1.565
Net Debt/EBITDA -7.21 -7.77 -9.46 -9.50 -9.89 -9.81 -10.55 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.01 3.14 26633.42 0.03 0.21 0.14 0.00 2.04 -0.01 0.14 0.137
Interest Coverage 6.32 7.02 6.76 6.82 10.88 9.78 43.91 211.06 36.56 12.68 -5.31 -1.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.72 7.63 17.77 17.77 9.13 9.128
Equity Multiplier 4.76 4.42 4.54 4.37 4.35 4.50 4.06 0.22 0.48 4.27 4.29 4.73 4.78 4.92 4.89 4.77 4.61 4.53 4.57 4.48 4.481
Cash Ratio snapshot only 6.586
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 18.628
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.912
FCF to Debt snapshot only 1.343
Defensive Interval snapshot only 547077.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.13 0.14 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.44 0.73 0.57 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.82 0.97 1.12 0.57 0.52 0.25 0.25 0.253
Inventory Turnover — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Receivables Turnover 4.80 4.71 4.47 4.65 4.95 4.76 6.73 11.13 9.18 6.66 0.00 0.02 2.19 11.09 12.55 14.05 7.49 7.01 3.27 3.17 3.170
Payables Turnover — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 4.32 90.74 113.48 135.98 77.53 68.52 35.08 35.68 35.679
DSO 76 77 82 78 74 77 54 33 40 55 7713599 15923 166 33 29 26 49 52 112 115 115.1 days
DIO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — — — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — — — 85 4 3 3 5 5 10 10 10.2 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 76 77 82 78 74 77 54 33 40 — — — 82 29 26 23 44 47 101 105 104.9 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 25.062
Cash Velocity snapshot only 5.444
Capital Intensity snapshot only 4.049
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 11.7% 12.9% 14.5% 16.4% 9.4% 8.1% 58.2% 27.5% -2.8% -26.8% -100.0% -100.0% -66.5% 1.2% 380452.3% 453666.5% 6.0% -36.8% -46.5% -53.9% -53.85%
Net Income 5.9% 7.3% 3.6% 1.6% 61.7% 39.1% 1.4% 1.1% -25.0% -31.1% -1.0% -1.0% -51.0% 2.0% 22469.7% 302529.7% 6.6% -99.9% -94.9% -90.3% -90.32%
EPS 6.0% 7.3% 3.6% 1.6% 61.4% 40.5% 1.4% 1.1% -25.0% -31.8% -1.0% -1.0% -51.0% 2.0% 22469.7% 302529.7% 6.6% -99.9% -93.4% -87.5% -87.50%
FCF 40.5% -4.9% 5.3% 43.5% 24.4% 47.4% 43.5% -43.9% -74.9% -83.1% -1.1% -99.9% 3.7% 16.0% 40.8% 12675.4% 1.4% -41.3% -45.8% -51.0% -51.05%
EBITDA 51.0% 35.8% -1.0% -5.5% 13.5% 12.2% 23.1% -11.5% -61.8% -81.1% -1.0% -100.0% -100.0% 3.5% 32.1% 11951.1% 828925.9% -47.2% -31.0% -31.0% -30.97%
Op. Income 1.3% 99.9% 8.2% 0.8% 17.4% -3.4% 49.4% 11.3% -33.7% -38.8% -100.0% -1.0% -100.0% -1.0% -1.0% 95.4% -2.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.00%
OCF Growth snapshot only -51.88%
Asset Growth snapshot only 5.19%
Equity Growth snapshot only 12.07%
Debt Growth snapshot only 0.11%
Shares Change snapshot only -22.52%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 50.46%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 1.0% 1.9% 2.4% 3.1% 4.3% 3.8% 18.3% 11.0% 5.9% -3.7% -98.2% -98.2% -29.1% 20.1% 27.1% 33.0% 31.9% 0.4% -11.4% -5.2% -5.21%
Revenue 5Y -11.8% -9.0% -1.4% -0.1% 2.2% 2.0% 10.6% 6.7% 1.9% -3.5% -91.0% -91.1% -18.1% 12.4% 16.5% 20.4% 22.9% 4.3% 4.7% 4.8% 4.80%
EPS 3Y -3.5% -0.6% -0.2% -2.4% 36.0% 27.3% 62.1% 72.3% — — — — -15.9% 42.3% 55.5% 66.6% 40.8% -86.2% -53.1% -34.6% -34.60%
EPS 5Y 55.0% 12.3% 9.7% 8.5% 14.3% 8.7% 14.1% 9.3% 1.7% -1.2% — — -1.5% 33.5% 46.2% 62.8% — — 2.5% 8.6% 8.57%
Net Income 3Y -8.3% -4.2% -3.4% -5.2% 32.5% 25.3% 60.5% 71.1% — — — — -15.9% 42.3% 55.4% 66.6% 40.8% -87.3% -56.9% -39.9% -39.93%
Net Income 5Y 46.4% 6.4% 4.1% 3.4% 9.1% 4.8% 10.4% 5.9% -1.3% -3.3% — — -3.1% 32.5% 45.3% 62.1% — — -2.6% 3.2% 3.21%
EBITDA 3Y 0.7% 2.1% 2.3% 1.6% 16.9% 14.3% 18.9% 11.7% -13.1% -33.9% — -95.7% -98.8% -1.2% 1.3% 0.6% 4.2% -23.2% -16.5% -7.4% -7.36%
EBITDA 5Y — — — 8.9% 6.7% 1.8% -4.7% -3.9% -15.0% -25.7% — -84.5% -92.6% 5.1% 7.3% 9.9% 14.2% -7.1% -6.6% -7.8% -7.85%
Gross Profit 3Y 0.8% 3.3% 5.4% 6.7% 10.1% 8.5% 42.9% 38.9% 36.3% 30.1% -97.5% -97.6% -11.3% -12.3% -12.7% -14.0% — — — — —
Gross Profit 5Y -26.1% -23.5% -17.2% -6.4% 3.5% 10.9% 54.5% 20.3% 17.8% 15.8% -89.1% -89.2% -4.8% -5.2% -6.4% -5.9% — — — — —
Op. Income 3Y 0.8% 5.7% 7.6% 6.8% 35.1% 24.2% 52.8% 58.4% 21.6% 5.7% -90.8% — -98.8% — — — — — — — —
Op. Income 5Y 28.6% 13.4% 12.0% 10.5% 13.1% 9.8% 6.4% 2.3% -4.4% -6.9% -75.4% — -92.0% — — — — — — — —
FCF 3Y 3.6% -0.9% 5.2% 21.2% 22.5% 25.7% 21.7% -2.6% -24.0% -38.1% — -92.6% 14.0% 61.9% 63.2% 53.5% 42.3% 19.2% 18.0% 46.6% 46.63%
FCF 5Y — 8.2% 13.3% 23.2% 13.9% 13.1% 9.3% -7.4% -19.1% -24.7% — -78.1% 17.0% 41.8% 40.5% 42.9% 38.2% 18.9% 19.9% 20.5% 20.49%
OCF 3Y 1.0% -3.8% 1.5% 16.8% 19.1% 22.8% 19.5% -4.2% -26.2% -39.9% — -92.7% 12.4% 60.4% 61.9% 52.5% 42.2% 19.1% 17.8% 45.2% 45.24%
OCF 5Y — 8.7% 14.0% 22.9% 13.1% 12.1% 8.0% -8.5% -20.5% -26.5% — -78.6% 14.3% 39.3% 38.5% 41.1% 35.6% 17.2% 18.5% 18.6% 18.62%
Assets 3Y -35.1% -34.7% -32.7% -32.5% -31.8% -32.7% -31.6% -97.4% -96.6% -92.9% -89.2% -89.3% 9.2% 8.5% 5.8% 6.0% 6.3% -89.2% 6.1% 26.7% 26.71%
Assets 5Y -25.8% -25.3% -22.9% -22.2% -22.0% -22.6% -21.4% -88.8% -86.9% -79.8% -79.8% -79.9% -18.3% -18.5% -18.3% -17.9% -17.7% -79.1% 7.3% 7.4% 7.45%
Equity 3Y -9.4% -7.5% -6.3% -4.8% -1.3% -3.5% 1.0% -89.8% -88.9% -88.9% -88.8% -89.2% 9.1% 4.7% 3.3% 2.9% 4.3% -89.2% 2.0% 9.2% 9.19%
Book Value 3Y -4.6% -4.1% -3.1% -2.0% 1.4% -2.0% 2.0% -89.7% -88.9% -88.9% -88.8% -89.2% 9.0% 4.7% 3.3% 2.9% 4.3% -88.3% 11.0% 10.1% 10.09%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.7% -10.2% -13.6% 14.6% 14.59%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.65 0.62 0.29 0.07 0.23 0.21 0.40 0.46 0.49 0.02 0.08 0.17 0.27 0.28 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.21 0.04 0.08 0.075
Earnings Stability 0.00 0.10 0.17 0.17 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.61 0.37 0.42 0.52 0.09 0.04 0.08 0.080
Margin Stability 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.81 0.94 0.85 0.51 0.67 0.61 0.51 0.54 0.55 0.60 0.35 0.38 0.36 0.31 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.082
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.90 0.88 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness — — 0.00 0.11 0.53 0.67 0.18 0.30 0.71 0.63 — — 0.32 0.00 — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.11 132.45 85.60 72.16 -0.13 -66.29 -42.88 -35.96 0.19 -65.94 -42.57 -36.05 -0.12 -0.13 -0.129
Gross Margin Trend 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.30 0.34 0.43 0.57 0.43 0.40 0.15 -0.56 -0.72 -0.77 -0.83 -0.58 -0.57 -0.56 -0.558
FCF Margin Trend 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.03 -0.02 -0.08 -0.11 -0.10 -2564.85 9.00 0.49 0.19 1282.58 -4.34 -0.11 0.11 1282.50 -4.42 -4.417
Sustainable Growth Rate 9.7% 9.8% 8.6% 8.3% 14.2% 12.7% 17.4% 30.6% 19.2% 16.9% — — 8.8% 46.7% 53.0% 60.6% 31.1% -0.2% 1.2% 1.7% 1.69%
Internal Growth Rate 0.9% 1.0% 1.9% 1.8% 3.2% 2.9% 4.2% 7.5% 4.6% 3.9% — — 1.9% 10.5% 12.2% 14.5% 7.1% — 0.2% 0.4% 0.37%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 2.21 1.79 2.15 2.90 1.67 1.87 1.27 0.78 0.56 0.45 1461.13 -53.61 5.26 2.56 2.42 2.22 1.72 1543.80 26.03 11.04 11.035
FCF/OCF 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.99 0.92 0.97 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 1.00 0.999
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 11.022
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 2.104
CapEx/Revenue 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 216.9% 27.6% 0.0% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 0.0% 0.03%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.005
Accruals Ratio -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.03 -0.08 -0.15 -0.16 -0.16 -0.05 -0.15 -0.07 -0.06 -0.062
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.011
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 26.133
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.5% 2.0% 3.3% 0.3% 0.3% 3.1% 7.87%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.04 $0.10 $0.12 $0.51 $0.84 $0.07 $0.07 $0.77 $1.97
Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — 2.1% 1.0% 0.9% 3.4% 5.2% 5.5% 9.1% 40.9% 40.91%
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 1.6% 3.1% 0.4% 0.4% 3.7% 3.71%
Total Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 2.2% 7.6% 9.6% 18.7% 13.0% 6.5% 3.2% 7.7% — — 2.1% 1.0% 0.9% 10.7% 5.2% 5.5% 9.1% 2.9% 2.88%
Div. Increase Streak — — — — — — — — — — — — 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 18.10 -0.43 -0.50 0.20 0.197
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.8% 1.9% 3.7% 3.7% 1.6% 0.5% 1.1% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 18.6% 18.62%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.8% 1.9% 3.7% 3.7% -8.3% -9.8% -9.5% -9.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 18.6% 18.62%
Total Shareholder Return 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.8% 1.9% 3.7% 3.7% -8.3% -9.8% -9.5% -9.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.5% 6.4% 3.3% 0.3% 0.3% 21.7% 21.70%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.74 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.00 0.06 0.15 0.148
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.84 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.91 0.90 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.08 0.81 0.30 254887.13 1928886.87 — 5.27 2.70 1.26 1.36 2.63 2.635
EBIT Margin 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.10 -2.87 -0.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.13 0.12 0.06 0.063
Asset Turnover 0.13 0.14 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.44 0.73 0.57 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.82 0.97 1.12 0.57 0.52 0.25 0.25 0.253
Equity Multiplier 10.81 10.19 4.68 4.57 4.53 4.46 4.28 4.36 4.35 4.50 4.06 2.30 4.77 4.92 4.89 4.77 4.69 4.92 4.72 4.62 4.620
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $3.54 $3.69 $3.29 $3.26 $5.71 $5.19 $7.89 $6.74 $4.29 $3.54 $-0.00 $-0.00 $2.10 $10.63 $12.36 $15.09 $15.95 $0.01 $0.81 $1.89 $1.89
Book Value/Share $35.98 $39.32 $41.91 $44.04 $44.59 $42.28 $48.81 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.04 $46.63 $45.09 $46.18 $48.03 $50.58 $0.07 $66.84 $69.47 $70.55
Tangible Book/Share $30.63 $34.02 $33.40 $35.71 $36.41 $34.13 $40.90 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $39.60 $38.11 $39.24 $41.14 $43.74 $0.06 $58.14 $61.83 $61.83
Revenue/Share $52.06 $52.66 $53.46 $54.81 $56.84 $57.48 $84.61 $69.95 $55.25 $41.67 $0.00 $0.00 $18.51 $91.26 $109.93 $129.09 $130.40 $74.44 $75.91 $76.89 $78.08
FCF/Share $7.47 $6.33 $6.77 $9.09 $9.27 $9.42 $9.72 $5.11 $2.33 $1.58 $-0.74 $0.00 $11.06 $26.87 $29.46 $32.89 $26.74 $20.36 $20.59 $20.78 $21.10
OCF/Share $7.81 $6.61 $7.06 $9.44 $9.56 $9.71 $10.02 $5.26 $2.40 $1.59 $-0.80 $0.00 $11.06 $27.26 $29.96 $33.50 $27.48 $20.96 $21.17 $20.81 $21.13
Cash/Share $98.25 $101.24 $113.43 $116.67 $145.83 $140.04 $150.66 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.01 $0.01 $11.48 $11.65 $9.61 $10.46 $11.98 $0.02 $15.53 $14.12 $14.34
EBITDA/Share $11.84 $11.52 $10.67 $10.88 $13.41 $13.05 $13.15 $9.64 $5.13 $2.44 $-0.36 $0.00 $0.00 $11.10 $11.10 $11.10 $15.19 $7.57 $9.89 $9.89 $9.89
Debt/Share $12.85 $11.70 $12.47 $13.27 $13.29 $12.04 $11.93 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $11.97 $11.97 $11.98 $11.98 $11.98 $15.47 $15.47 $15.48 $15.48
Net Debt/Share $-85.40 $-89.54 $-100.96 $-103.40 $-132.55 $-128.00 $-138.73 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.00 $0.00 $0.49 $0.32 $2.37 $1.52 $0.00 $15.45 $-0.06 $1.36 $1.36
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman-I Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.699
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 1.972
Piotroski F-Score 6 6 6 7 8 8 9 6 6 5 1 5 5 5 7 8 8 6 6 6 6
Beneish M-Score -3.37 -3.57 -1.99 -2.14 -2.74 -2.63 -1.88 -4320.79 -2232.73 555.56 543.14 -1.74 79232.08 3658427.78 363652.28 1155642.61 -2.64 -630.15 -2.73 -2.71 -2.706
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -6.800
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 12.16%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-202.94
EVA snapshot only $-2001600000.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'18 Q1'19 Q2'19 Q3'19 Q4'19 Q1'20 Q3'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 83.37 84.93 81.17 82.08 90.41 89.43 95.76 97.09 96.23 92.15 46.20 50.58 55.65 64.04 62.32 77.67 86.87 78.58 89.18 84.34 84.336
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only 6.668
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 63
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 85

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