— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: IONEXCHANG.NS (NSE) · $vol 3M

IONEXCHANG.BO BSE

Ion Exchange (India) Limited
1W: -3.4% 1M: +10.2% 3M: -3.2% YTD: +5.0% 1Y: -6.3% 3Y: -17.6% 5Y: +56.7%
₹403.85 ($4.19)
-7.25 (-1.76%)
 
BSE · Industrials · Industrial - Pollution & Treatment Controls · Tech Score Buy · Power 56 · ₹49.6B mcap · 77M float · 0.067% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

D+
Oct 01, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. IONEXCHANG.BO receives an overall rating of D+. Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-10 B- D+
2026-07-01 B B-
2026-05-29 C- B
2026-05-14 C C-
2026-04-24 C- C
2026-04-22 C C-
2026-02-01 C- C
2026-02-01 C C-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 22 Grade D
Profitability
25
Balance Sheet
71
Earnings Quality
35
Growth
27
Value
51
Momentum
22
Safety
65
Cash Flow
12
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. IONEXCHANG.BO scores highest in Balance Sheet (71/100) and lowest in Cash Flow (12/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
2.96
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
3/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.34
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.83
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 68.0/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
25/100
OCF/NI: 0.10x
Accruals: 4.0%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. IONEXCHANG.BO scores 2.96, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. IONEXCHANG.BO scores 3/9, suggesting weak financial fundamentals — the company fails the majority of these accounting tests. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. IONEXCHANG.BO's score of -2.34 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. IONEXCHANG.BO's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. IONEXCHANG.BO receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 68.0/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). IONEXCHANG.BO's score of 25/100 is low — reported earnings may not be fully supported by cash flows.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
48.99x
PEG
-0.91x
P/S
1.64x
P/B
3.59x
P/FCF
-10.39x
P/OCF
263.12x
EV/EBITDA
14.50x
EV/Revenue
1.39x
EV/EBIT
18.67x
EV/FCF
-11.11x
Earnings Yield
3.76%
FCF Yield
-9.63%
Shareholder Yield
0.84%
Graham Number
$174.86
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 49.0x earnings, IONEXCHANG.BO is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $174.86 per share, 131% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.732
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.896
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.075
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.916
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.500
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
11.2%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. IONEXCHANG.BO's ROE of 11.2% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.916), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$102.28
Price/Value
3.13x
Margin of Safety
-213.26%
Premium
213.26%
Assessment
Overvalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with IONEXCHANG.BO's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. IONEXCHANG.BO trades at a 213% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $102.28, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 49.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$406.50
Median 1Y
$509.17
5th Pctile
$248.49
95th Pctile
$1040.43
Ann. Volatility
45.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 34.6% 31.7% 31.5% 28.0% 28.7% 28.5% 31.6% 26.4% 27.1% 25.7% 25.6% 21.2% 22.4% 21.7% 21.8% 18.7% 19.0% 17.6% 15.2% 11.2% 11.20%
ROA 10.6% 10.6% 10.6% 10.6% 10.9% 11.4% 12.6% 11.0% 11.3% 10.9% 10.8% 8.9% 9.5% 9.2% 9.2% 7.6% 7.8% 7.3% 6.3% 4.5% 4.48%
ROIC 60.2% 1.0% 1.0% 79.5% 78.3% 66.4% 76.7% 34.4% 36.4% 47.6% 46.0% 22.4% 23.6% 22.7% 23.1% 17.1% 16.9% 13.5% 12.3% 6.8% 6.77%
ROCE 39.0% 36.6% 36.2% 32.6% 33.3% 32.3% 35.8% 30.1% 31.1% 28.0% 28.2% 23.6% 23.9% 22.3% 22.6% 18.9% 19.9% 17.7% 15.5% 12.3% 12.32%
Gross Margin 40.0% 37.7% 39.2% 37.4% 38.1% 38.3% 36.8% 37.3% 39.8% 37.8% 40.2% 22.7% 40.3% 36.6% 36.8% 23.1% 41.1% 22.3% 20.4% 31.8% 31.76%
Operating Margin 9.2% 8.7% 9.2% 18.2% 6.8% 12.1% 13.2% 16.2% 8.5% 11.7% 11.0% 10.5% 9.5% 8.9% 9.3% 8.9% 8.6% 7.7% 5.5% 0.0% 0.03%
Net Margin 7.6% 7.3% 7.3% 16.9% 7.3% 8.7% 9.4% 12.6% 6.9% 8.0% 8.6% 9.3% 7.9% 7.9% 7.0% 7.6% 8.4% 6.7% 2.8% 2.8% 2.80%
EBITDA Margin 13.7% 12.6% 12.4% 23.6% 12.5% 13.7% 14.6% 17.3% 12.0% 13.1% 14.3% 13.9% 11.3% 12.9% 12.2% 12.1% 13.8% 11.3% 7.3% 7.3% 7.28%
FCF Margin 7.8% 9.6% 11.1% 8.6% 6.4% 4.5% 2.7% 2.7% 2.9% 2.9% 3.0% 2.3% 1.7% 1.0% 0.4% -2.1% -4.6% -10.3% -12.5% -12.5% -12.55%
OCF Margin 9.9% 11.7% 13.0% 10.9% 8.8% 6.4% 4.1% 3.4% 2.9% 2.9% 3.0% 3.6% 4.2% 4.6% 4.8% 4.1% 3.4% 1.9% 1.3% 0.5% 0.50%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 15.71%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 19.11%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.39%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 11.71%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 6.15%
Cash ROA snapshot only 0.43%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 0.90%
CROIC snapshot only -22.83%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 3.72%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 6.69%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 10.21%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio 17.81 18.06 16.56 11.93 12.39 14.26 16.17 20.50 28.95 29.87 32.40 30.57 32.71 34.89 35.73 26.69 30.34 22.77 24.83 26.63 48.992
P/S Ratio 1.80 1.85 1.64 1.24 1.26 1.49 1.75 2.03 2.80 2.83 3.00 2.55 2.79 2.96 2.89 2.03 2.33 1.68 1.57 1.30 1.645
P/B Ratio 5.28 4.98 4.54 2.96 3.15 3.60 4.54 4.84 7.02 6.87 7.43 5.89 6.67 6.88 7.08 4.59 5.31 3.70 3.49 2.84 3.588
P/FCF 22.95 19.18 14.85 14.31 19.84 33.08 64.04 74.10 97.75 98.43 99.54 110.17 165.53 285.11 807.49 -95.65 -51.11 -16.35 -12.54 -10.39 -10.388
P/OCF 18.13 15.79 12.59 11.38 14.34 23.25 42.70 60.25 97.75 98.43 99.54 70.94 67.13 64.62 59.74 49.36 67.70 88.55 123.88 263.12 263.124
EV/EBITDA 10.01 9.66 8.77 5.73 6.11 7.57 9.09 12.67 18.21 18.07 19.39 18.28 20.39 21.66 21.99 16.27 18.00 13.82 14.30 14.50 14.497
EV/Revenue 1.62 1.57 1.37 0.93 0.97 1.21 1.49 1.89 2.67 2.61 2.79 2.46 2.70 2.85 2.79 1.97 2.28 1.69 1.58 1.39 1.393
EV/EBIT 11.29 10.90 9.90 6.42 6.83 8.42 10.02 14.01 20.16 19.96 21.57 20.60 23.12 24.72 25.20 18.78 20.75 16.00 17.28 18.67 18.669
EV/FCF 20.60 16.29 12.39 10.77 15.23 26.91 54.55 68.94 93.06 91.03 92.62 106.17 160.23 274.71 778.88 -93.18 -49.96 -16.46 -12.62 -11.11 -11.107
Earnings Yield 5.6% 5.5% 6.0% 8.4% 8.1% 7.0% 6.2% 4.9% 3.5% 3.3% 3.1% 3.3% 3.1% 2.9% 2.8% 3.7% 3.3% 4.4% 4.0% 3.8% 3.76%
FCF Yield 4.4% 5.2% 6.7% 7.0% 5.0% 3.0% 1.6% 1.3% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.6% 0.4% 0.1% -1.0% -2.0% -6.1% -8.0% -9.6% -9.63%
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 2.889
EV/OCF snapshot only 281.323
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 4.909
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 27.527
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.84%
Graham Number snapshot only $174.86
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.33 1.38 1.38 1.45 1.45 1.50 1.50 1.55 1.55 1.57 1.57 1.55 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.49 1.49 1.55 1.55 1.46 1.461
Quick Ratio 1.19 1.18 1.18 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.33 1.36 1.36 1.31 1.31 1.28 1.28 1.27 1.27 1.19 1.187
Debt/Equity 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.27 0.27 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.360
Net Debt/Equity -0.54 -0.75 -0.75 -0.73 -0.73 -0.67 -0.67 -0.34 -0.34 -0.52 -0.52 -0.21 -0.21 -0.25 -0.25 -0.12 -0.12 0.02 0.02 0.20 0.196
Debt/Assets 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.143
Debt/EBITDA 0.26 0.30 0.30 0.22 0.21 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.32 0.31 0.48 0.47 0.64 0.63 0.97 0.93 1.21 1.32 1.72 1.721
Net Debt/EBITDA -1.14 -1.72 -1.74 -1.89 -1.85 -1.74 -1.58 -0.95 -0.92 -1.47 -1.45 -0.69 -0.67 -0.82 -0.81 -0.43 -0.41 0.09 0.09 0.94 0.938
Interest Coverage 22.28 23.32 24.26 26.11 28.41 30.69 33.62 29.11 30.65 27.69 25.71 23.24 21.99 22.61 22.72 21.37 23.10 23.98 15.64 9.06 9.065
Equity Multiplier 2.85 2.62 2.62 2.48 2.48 2.41 2.41 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.41 2.41 2.39 2.39 2.47 2.47 2.41 2.41 2.52 2.524
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.136
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 11.673
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.455
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.758
Defensive Interval snapshot only 698.4 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.05 1.04 1.07 1.02 1.07 1.09 1.17 1.12 1.17 1.15 1.17 1.07 1.11 1.08 1.14 1.01 1.01 0.99 1.01 0.92 0.916
Inventory Turnover 7.13 6.08 6.21 6.27 6.59 5.23 5.66 6.16 6.42 5.58 5.61 6.78 7.00 6.15 6.54 6.82 6.84 5.84 6.27 5.64 5.639
Receivables Turnover 3.12 3.25 3.34 3.29 3.43 3.66 3.92 3.30 3.46 3.58 3.65 2.78 2.89 3.05 3.21 2.58 2.59 2.81 2.85 2.64 2.640
Payables Turnover 1.84 1.74 1.78 1.83 1.92 2.04 2.20 2.31 2.41 2.63 2.65 2.50 2.58 2.84 3.01 2.48 2.48 2.86 3.07 2.49 2.487
DSO 117 112 109 111 106 100 93 110 105 102 100 131 126 120 114 142 141 130 128 138 138.3 days
DIO 51 60 59 58 55 70 64 59 57 65 65 54 52 59 56 54 53 63 58 65 64.7 days
DPO 198 210 205 200 190 179 166 158 152 139 138 146 142 129 121 147 147 128 119 147 146.8 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -30 -38 -37 -30 -28 -10 -8 12 11 29 27 39 37 50 48 48 47 65 67 56 56.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.223
Operating Cycle snapshot only 203.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 13.283
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.160
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 5.8% 6.5% 13.3% 9.5% 10.5% 16.1% 21.3% 26.5% 27.2% 27.0% 20.7% 18.0% 16.8% 17.3% 21.3% 16.6% 13.0% 11.6% 7.5% 6.5% 6.49%
Net Income 54.0% 52.0% 47.3% 13.1% 11.2% 18.5% 32.2% 20.9% 21.0% 15.1% 3.4% -0.4% 2.8% 5.2% 6.0% 6.0% 1.8% -2.8% -16.3% -31.3% -31.35%
EPS 54.1% 52.1% 47.3% 13.1% 11.2% 18.5% 32.2% 20.9% 0.8% 15.1% 3.4% -0.4% 23.4% 5.2% 6.0% 6.0% 1.9% -2.8% -16.3% -31.4% -31.35%
FCF 44.0% 93.2% 1.5% 48.8% -10.5% -45.8% -70.1% -59.9% -42.6% -18.9% 33.3% -0.1% -31.4% -57.6% -85.6% -2.1% -4.1% -12.1% -38.5% -5.3% -5.31%
EBITDA 38.1% 32.8% 28.3% 9.2% 8.3% 14.4% 27.2% 16.1% 17.7% 14.9% 6.1% 6.7% 5.5% 6.8% 6.9% 5.2% 8.1% 3.9% -6.6% -15.6% -15.64%
Op. Income 53.0% 44.6% 38.7% 0.7% -3.2% 8.8% 27.0% 35.3% 45.6% 34.3% 13.3% -2.5% -3.2% -7.9% -4.4% 1.3% -5.1% -3.6% -13.9% -40.8% -40.82%
OCF Growth snapshot only -87.15%
Asset Growth snapshot only 13.16%
Equity Growth snapshot only 10.86%
Debt Growth snapshot only 49.47%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.01%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 96.58%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 86.6% 46.1% 27.4% 10.8% 9.6% 6.6% 5.7% 10.9% 14.1% 16.2% 18.4% 17.8% 17.9% 20.0% 21.1% 20.3% 18.8% 18.5% 16.3% 13.6% 13.57%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — 55.6% 35.7% 24.8% 15.2% 14.3% 12.5% 11.6% 13.4% 14.4% 15.5% 16.7% 15.2% 15.21%
EPS 3Y 1.4% 89.1% 73.0% 35.7% 34.6% 28.1% 24.6% 27.5% 20.0% 27.6% 26.3% 10.8% 11.4% 12.8% 13.2% 8.5% 8.2% 5.6% -2.8% -10.2% -10.16%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — 72.9% 56.0% 47.9% 24.7% 24.8% 20.5% 16.2% 17.0% 16.8% 16.2% 12.3% -0.2% -0.18%
Net Income 3Y 1.4% 91.5% 71.3% 35.6% 34.4% 29.1% 25.2% 28.2% 27.5% 27.5% 26.3% 10.8% 11.4% 12.8% 13.2% 8.5% 8.2% 5.6% -2.8% -10.2% -10.16%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — 81.4% 57.2% 47.0% 24.6% 24.8% 21.1% 16.6% 17.3% 16.8% 16.2% 12.3% -0.2% -0.18%
EBITDA 3Y 1.1% 63.8% 44.4% 22.6% 22.1% 20.3% 18.7% 20.8% 20.8% 20.4% 20.0% 10.6% 10.4% 12.0% 13.0% 9.2% 10.3% 8.4% 1.9% -1.8% -1.82%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — 62.8% 42.0% 32.4% 17.9% 17.7% 16.4% 13.6% 14.6% 15.0% 14.1% 11.5% 3.7% 3.71%
Gross Profit 3Y 86.2% 46.3% 27.2% 13.7% 12.5% 11.6% 11.0% 16.2% 19.3% 20.4% 22.3% 14.5% 14.7% 15.5% 15.5% 14.7% 13.9% 9.2% 2.7% 3.5% 3.46%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — 56.2% 35.6% 24.9% 14.0% 13.6% 12.9% 12.2% 13.9% 14.6% 12.5% 9.8% 9.4% 9.41%
Op. Income 3Y 2.0% 1.2% 79.8% 23.0% 18.4% 17.4% 17.5% 29.1% 29.2% 28.3% 25.9% 9.9% 10.9% 10.4% 11.2% 10.1% 10.2% 6.0% -2.3% -16.4% -16.40%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — 1.1% 71.9% 52.9% 19.7% 18.5% 14.9% 11.9% 16.3% 14.7% 13.4% 10.4% -4.5% -4.46%
FCF 3Y 1.0% 70.8% 57.6% 26.7% 10.9% -3.7% -19.5% -14.9% -9.6% -5.3% 0.4% -15.8% -29.4% -42.9% -61.4% — — — — — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — 33.3% 17.0% 9.3% -4.0% -11.7% -21.0% -36.9% — — — — — —
OCF 3Y 89.9% 58.7% 45.0% 21.0% 10.7% -2.1% -16.0% -17.6% -18.9% -16.0% -12.0% -11.7% -11.8% -12.2% -13.0% -13.0% -13.1% -21.0% -21.4% -40.0% -40.03%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — 22.7% 7.7% 0.6% -2.6% -1.0% 0.0% 0.5% -1.2% -3.3% -12.5% -17.9% -34.8% -34.82%
Assets 3Y 10.7% 10.4% 10.4% 11.7% 11.7% 10.3% 10.3% 12.0% 12.0% 14.2% 14.2% 19.3% 19.3% 22.4% 22.4% 22.5% 22.5% 22.2% 22.2% 20.3% 20.33%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — 12.7% 14.3% 14.3% 16.0% 16.0% 15.6% 15.6% 16.7% 16.7% 17.3% 17.3% 18.6% 18.55%
Equity 3Y 36.2% 39.8% 39.8% 36.1% 36.1% 34.2% 34.2% 31.9% 31.9% 30.2% 30.2% 26.3% 26.3% 26.1% 26.1% 22.6% 22.6% 22.3% 22.3% 17.1% 17.12%
Book Value 3Y 33.6% 38.0% 41.2% 36.2% 36.3% 33.1% 33.6% 31.3% 24.2% 30.2% 30.2% 26.2% 26.3% 26.1% 26.1% 22.6% 22.6% 22.3% 22.3% 17.1% 17.12%
Dividend 3Y -5.4% -22.3% -39.9% -22.2% -3.6% 5.3% 26.8% -17.1% — — — 8.4% — — — 61.5% 30.3% 38.8% 27.3% 25.3% 25.27%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.75 0.65 0.52 0.80 0.99 0.73 0.40 0.75 0.92 0.96 0.99 0.93 0.91 0.84 0.79 0.90 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.992
Earnings Stability 0.99 0.96 0.89 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.94 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.92 0.89 0.88 0.85 0.57 0.06 0.056
Margin Stability 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.90 0.85 0.89 0.894
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.81 0.95 0.96 0.93 0.87 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.93 0.87 0.875
Earnings Smoothness 0.57 0.59 0.62 0.88 0.89 0.83 0.72 0.81 0.81 0.86 0.97 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.98 0.97 0.82 0.63 0.628
ROE Trend 0.03 0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 -0.06 -0.04 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 -0.08 -0.076
Gross Margin Trend 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.01 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.05 -0.02 -0.03 -0.06 -0.10 -0.05 -0.051
FCF Margin Trend 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.02 -0.00 -0.03 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 -0.07 -0.12 -0.14 -0.13 -0.126
Sustainable Growth Rate 32.6% 30.5% 30.9% 27.1% 27.4% 27.4% 30.7% 26.0% 27.1% 25.7% 25.6% 20.8% 21.6% 20.6% 20.3% 17.2% 17.5% 15.0% 12.6% 8.7% 8.69%
Internal Growth Rate 11.1% 11.4% 11.6% 11.4% 11.6% 12.3% 13.9% 12.2% 12.8% 12.2% 12.1% 9.6% 10.0% 9.5% 9.4% 7.6% 7.7% 6.7% 5.5% 3.6% 3.60%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.98 1.14 1.31 1.05 0.86 0.61 0.38 0.34 0.30 0.30 0.33 0.43 0.49 0.54 0.60 0.54 0.45 0.26 0.20 0.10 0.101
FCF/OCF 0.79 0.82 0.85 0.80 0.72 0.70 0.67 0.81 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.64 0.41 0.23 0.07 -0.52 -1.32 -5.41 -9.88 -25.33 -25.329
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -2.563
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.052
CapEx/Revenue 2.1% 2.1% 2.0% 2.2% 2.4% 1.9% 1.4% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 2.5% 3.5% 4.5% 6.2% 8.0% 12.2% 13.7% 13.0% 13.04%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 6.072
Accruals Ratio 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.040
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.010
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.035
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.250
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 0.31%
Dividend/Share $0.71 $0.48 $0.25 $0.44 $0.64 $0.57 $0.51 $0.26 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.33 $0.65 $0.98 $1.30 $1.37 $1.44 $2.62 $2.69 $2.70 $1.25
Payout Ratio 5.6% 3.8% 2.0% 3.2% 4.5% 3.8% 3.1% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 3.7% 5.4% 7.1% 7.8% 8.1% 14.8% 17.5% 22.4% 22.43%
FCF Payout Ratio 7.2% 4.0% 1.8% 3.9% 7.2% 8.8% 12.1% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.1% 18.8% 43.8% 1.6% — — — — — —
Total Payout Ratio 5.6% 3.8% 2.0% 3.2% 4.5% 3.8% 3.1% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 3.7% 5.4% 7.1% 7.8% 8.1% 14.8% 17.5% 22.4% 22.43%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — — — 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number -0.10 -0.51 -0.79 -0.53 -0.10 0.20 1.07 -0.42 — — — 0.27 — — — 3.22 1.22 1.68 1.07 0.97 0.974
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 0.84%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.732
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.96 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.96 0.96 0.94 0.90 0.896
EBIT Margin 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.075
Asset Turnover 1.05 1.04 1.07 1.02 1.07 1.09 1.17 1.12 1.17 1.15 1.17 1.07 1.11 1.08 1.14 1.01 1.01 0.99 1.01 0.92 0.916
Equity Multiplier 3.25 2.98 2.98 2.64 2.64 2.50 2.50 2.39 2.39 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.44 2.44 2.40 2.40 2.50 2.500
Per Share
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $12.66 $12.70 $12.64 $13.73 $14.08 $15.06 $16.71 $16.60 $14.19 $17.33 $17.28 $16.53 $17.52 $18.23 $18.32 $17.53 $17.84 $17.73 $15.34 $12.03 $12.03
Book Value/Share $42.66 $46.08 $46.07 $55.30 $55.32 $59.61 $59.60 $70.31 $58.57 $75.36 $75.36 $85.85 $85.85 $92.45 $92.45 $101.88 $101.89 $109.03 $109.03 $112.94 $113.06
Tangible Book/Share $41.75 $45.20 $45.19 $54.41 $54.43 $58.73 $58.73 $69.43 $57.84 $73.88 $73.88 $83.62 $83.62 $90.05 $90.04 $99.31 $99.31 $106.95 $106.95 $110.89 $110.89
Revenue/Share $125.22 $124.25 $127.52 $132.61 $138.41 $144.25 $154.70 $167.83 $146.62 $183.17 $186.69 $198.02 $205.47 $214.91 $226.42 $230.87 $232.20 $239.74 $243.45 $245.84 $255.76
FCF/Share $9.82 $11.96 $14.09 $11.44 $8.79 $6.49 $4.22 $4.59 $4.20 $5.26 $5.63 $4.59 $3.46 $2.23 $0.81 $-4.89 $-10.59 $-24.68 $-30.39 $-30.84 $-13.89
OCF/Share $12.44 $14.53 $16.62 $14.39 $12.17 $9.23 $6.33 $5.65 $4.20 $5.26 $5.63 $7.12 $8.54 $9.84 $10.96 $9.48 $8.00 $4.56 $3.08 $1.22 $-0.70
Cash/Share $28.38 $40.59 $40.58 $45.22 $45.24 $45.54 $45.54 $28.68 $23.89 $47.33 $47.33 $31.21 $31.20 $41.39 $41.39 $39.32 $39.33 $32.96 $32.96 $18.51 $0.00
EBITDA/Share $20.22 $20.17 $19.92 $21.50 $21.91 $23.07 $25.34 $24.97 $21.48 $26.50 $26.87 $26.64 $27.21 $28.30 $28.72 $28.01 $29.41 $29.40 $26.82 $23.63 $23.63
Debt/Share $5.26 $5.99 $5.98 $4.66 $4.66 $5.50 $5.50 $5.00 $4.16 $8.42 $8.42 $12.85 $12.85 $18.19 $18.19 $27.21 $27.21 $35.48 $35.48 $40.67 $40.67
Net Debt/Share $-23.12 $-34.60 $-34.59 $-40.57 $-40.58 $-40.04 $-40.04 $-23.68 $-19.73 $-38.91 $-38.91 $-18.35 $-18.35 $-23.20 $-23.20 $-12.11 $-12.11 $2.52 $2.52 $22.16 $22.16
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.964
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 5.014
Piotroski F-Score 8 9 9 8 7 8 7 7 7 5 5 4 6 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 3
Beneish M-Score -2.54 -2.79 -2.78 -2.27 -2.15 -1.97 -1.76 -1.84 -1.88 -1.94 -2.02 -1.55 -1.89 -1.55 -1.54 -2.17 -2.09 -1.91 -1.84 -2.34 -2.337
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.827
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 13.20%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $26.75
EVA snapshot only $-517829041.79
Credit
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 94.75 94.75 91.75 91.75 94.75 91.75 94.75 97.75 97.75 97.75 97.75 94.30 94.00 92.50 91.30 83.85 86.85 79.50 77.65 68.05 68.050
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only -15.800
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000

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