— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: IPN.PA (PAR) · $vol 18M · IPSEF (OTC) · $vol 0M

IPSEY OTC

Ipsen S.A.
1W: -0.2% 1M: -14.8% 3M: -9.9% YTD: +15.2% 1Y: +26.2% 3Y: +31.3% 5Y: +79.7%
$41.90
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Healthcare · Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Generic · Tech Score Sell · Power 34 · $55.4B mcap · 101M float · 0.0007% daily turnover · Short 61% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 2Hold: 1Sell: 1Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. IPSEY receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-18 A- B+
2026-08-03 B+ A-
2026-07-25 A- B+
2026-07-17 B+ A-
2026-07-01 A- B+
2026-06-30 None ADDED
2026-06-28 EXISTED None
2026-06-22 None ADDED
2026-06-22 EXISTED None
2026-06-16 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A+
Profitability
80
Balance Sheet
89
Earnings Quality
49
Growth
47
Value
—
Momentum
74
Safety
—
Cash Flow
73

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.96
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.43
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 82.8/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.41x
Accruals: -19.3%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. IPSEY scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. IPSEY's score of -2.96 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. IPSEY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. IPSEY receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 82.8/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). IPSEY's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
22.52x
PEG
1.56x
P/S
2.85x
P/B
2.45x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$30.39
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 22.5x earnings, IPSEY commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $30.39 per share, 38% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.770
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.700
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.225
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.128
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.599
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
21.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. IPSEY's ROE of 21.9% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.128), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$111.37
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with IPSEY's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. IPSEY actually compounded EPS at 38.8% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. IPSEY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $111.37, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 22.5x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$41.90
Median 1Y
$41.07
5th Pctile
$21.80
95th Pctile
$77.01
Ann. Volatility
42.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 34.3% 35.5% 36.1% 38.3% 41.1% 44.6% 20.6% 20.5% 25.0% 26.6% 53.3% 55.6% 47.4% 41.0% 39.4% 31.8% 26.3% 29.6% 19.3% 21.9% 21.92%
ROA 20.1% 19.0% 19.8% 20.2% 22.7% 19.4% 9.1% 9.6% 12.9% 12.5% 25.7% 28.1% 26.1% 22.4% 22.8% 18.8% 16.4% 17.5% 11.9% 13.7% 13.71%
ROIC 41.5% 32.2% 34.0% 39.3% 39.7% 31.1% 44.5% 47.2% 66.1% 64.7% 61.6% 63.5% 59.3% 60.7% 48.3% 39.7% 31.1% 32.0% 25.0% 29.9% 29.91%
ROCE 35.5% 33.5% 35.1% 38.0% 39.5% 35.0% 44.0% 45.5% 47.1% 45.9% 43.5% 43.6% 42.8% 39.4% 37.9% 32.7% 26.2% 27.2% 26.3% 31.1% 31.12%
Gross Margin 79.3% 80.5% 81.1% 80.8% 80.6% 80.7% 81.4% 80.9% 81.2% 81.4% 81.1% 83.1% 82.1% 82.4% 81.1% 81.9% 83.4% 83.2% 69.9% 71.9% 71.95%
Operating Margin 19.1% 19.0% 20.7% 25.4% 22.0% 31.7% 30.2% 31.9% 31.2% 35.1% 34.5% 39.2% 36.6% 33.2% 29.6% 18.1% 9.8% 23.3% 14.4% 24.6% 24.57%
Net Margin 10.7% 12.8% 14.0% 17.5% 15.5% 17.9% -20.1% 17.5% 24.6% 22.5% 22.6% 27.5% 16.0% 12.7% 28.2% 13.2% 6.2% 17.2% 5.9% 17.5% 17.53%
EBITDA Margin 21.0% 23.1% 25.2% 30.1% 27.0% 31.8% 35.1% 36.5% 40.1% 40.0% 38.6% 42.6% 42.1% 31.3% 25.6% 27.5% 37.3% 35.0% 20.7% 35.5% 35.51%
FCF Margin 12.9% 14.4% 15.6% 16.3% 18.4% 17.2% 16.5% 17.4% 18.9% 22.0% 20.4% 20.8% 20.1% 20.5% 22.1% 22.6% 11.8% 13.0% 16.2% 18.3% 18.35%
OCF Margin 17.0% 18.6% 20.1% 20.5% 22.8% 22.9% 24.3% 25.3% 27.1% 29.6% 30.8% 32.1% 31.6% 31.6% 29.2% 28.5% 26.2% 26.3% 28.3% 29.2% 29.24%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 30.98%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 29.20%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 18.32%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 45.54%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 20.09%
Cash ROA snapshot only 30.98%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 62.40%
CROIC snapshot only 39.16%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 14.02%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 15.77%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 18.96%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 30.00%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.36%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 22.516
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.852
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.451
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.565
Graham Number snapshot only $30.39
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.87 1.00 1.08 1.12 1.24 0.73 0.93 1.06 1.30 1.58 1.59 1.88 1.80 1.03 1.17 1.14 1.34 1.98 1.96 1.97 1.965
Quick Ratio 1.67 0.84 0.90 0.94 1.03 0.61 0.78 0.89 1.13 1.37 1.41 1.75 1.58 0.82 0.99 0.98 1.15 1.80 1.78 1.85 1.849
Debt/Equity 0.22 0.30 0.24 0.19 0.18 0.57 0.49 0.53 0.47 0.35 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.00 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.21 0.24 0.20 0.205
Net Debt/Equity -0.09 0.15 0.07 -0.04 -0.01 0.43 0.25 0.27 0.14 0.04 -0.04 -0.12 -0.12 -0.13 -0.04 0.00 -0.06 -0.14 -0.11 -0.21 -0.214
Debt/Assets 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.23 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.129
Debt/EBITDA 0.41 0.54 0.41 0.31 0.29 0.85 0.56 0.59 0.53 0.42 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.17 0.24 0.21 0.39 0.47 0.38 0.377
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.17 0.27 0.12 -0.06 -0.01 0.65 0.29 0.30 0.16 0.05 -0.06 -0.17 -0.17 -0.19 -0.07 0.00 -0.12 -0.26 -0.21 -0.39 -0.394
Interest Coverage — — — — — 87.82 41.90 29.49 25.58 27.58 32.39 37.97 38.52 34.21 35.59 32.23 25.83 37.59 29.99 30.36 30.357
Equity Multiplier 1.78 2.12 2.01 1.98 1.83 2.42 2.46 2.28 2.03 1.89 1.83 1.80 1.68 1.79 1.65 1.62 1.54 1.62 1.60 1.58 1.584
Cash Ratio snapshot only 1.135
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 43.554
Cash to Debt snapshot only 2.045
FCF to Debt snapshot only 1.505
Defensive Interval snapshot only 235.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.54 1.44 1.47 1.44 1.50 1.19 1.33 1.35 1.34 1.13 1.17 1.16 1.19 1.15 1.09 1.07 1.11 1.10 1.11 1.13 1.128
Inventory Turnover 6.29 5.45 5.36 5.19 5.39 5.08 4.94 4.73 4.75 4.62 4.75 5.01 4.28 3.72 4.32 5.07 4.18 4.13 5.49 7.71 7.706
Receivables Turnover 10.51 9.57 9.84 9.95 10.55 9.79 9.83 10.14 11.00 19.24 9.67 9.75 10.63 18.72 10.29 9.64 10.08 10.17 10.37 9.32 9.322
Payables Turnover 3.27 3.25 2.87 3.00 2.70 2.70 2.28 2.42 2.24 2.17 1.86 1.95 1.87 1.72 1.61 1.64 1.58 1.56 1.84 1.95 1.950
DSO 35 38 37 37 35 37 37 36 33 19 38 37 34 19 35 38 36 36 35 39 39.2 days
DIO 58 67 68 70 68 72 74 77 77 79 77 73 85 98 85 72 87 88 67 47 47.4 days
DPO 112 112 127 122 135 135 160 151 163 168 196 187 196 213 227 223 230 234 198 187 187.2 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -19 -7 -22 -14 -33 -26 -49 -38 -53 -70 -81 -77 -76 -95 -107 -113 -107 -110 -96 -101 -100.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 11.950
Operating Cycle snapshot only 88.7 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 4.012
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.944
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 22.1% 26.2% 29.1% 33.8% 36.6% 35.5% 33.7% 26.7% 18.5% 14.5% 10.9% 11.0% 14.1% 15.0% 12.7% 15.0% 13.7% 16.8% 19.5% 22.1% 22.11%
Net Income 40.5% 52.2% 44.4% 50.3% 58.4% 67.5% -32.1% -35.5% -24.4% -22.8% 2.5% 2.8% 1.6% 1.0% 8.2% -17.3% -23.5% -4.8% -39.0% -15.1% -15.12%
EPS 39.9% 51.9% 43.5% 49.6% 56.7% 66.4% -32.4% -35.8% -24.3% -23.2% 2.6% 2.8% 1.6% 1.1% 7.5% -17.6% -23.8% -5.3% -38.0% -14.6% -14.60%
FCF 18.5% 52.7% 53.7% 49.8% 95.7% 61.4% 41.2% 34.8% 21.7% 46.2% 36.9% 33.1% 20.9% 7.1% 22.4% 25.0% -32.9% -25.9% -12.4% -1.1% -1.08%
EBITDA 97.9% 39.7% 37.7% 52.3% 56.4% 69.8% 75.3% 64.5% 60.9% 51.7% 38.4% 36.9% 29.5% 17.0% 2.2% -10.1% -14.9% -4.3% 2.4% 25.4% 25.37%
Op. Income 39.1% 38.9% 32.9% 44.9% 44.4% 69.5% 80.5% 72.8% 68.9% 46.2% 34.4% 34.1% 32.7% 28.3% 17.1% -4.6% -31.0% -34.9% -42.9% -22.4% -22.39%
OCF Growth snapshot only 25.37%
Asset Growth snapshot only 13.90%
Equity Growth snapshot only 16.35%
Debt Growth snapshot only 96.47%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.61%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 30.06%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — 89.7% 52.5% 36.9% 25.1% 25.5% 25.1% 24.2% 23.4% 22.7% 21.3% 18.7% 17.4% 15.4% 15.4% 14.3% 16.0% 15.96%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.0% 36.1% 26.2% 20.1% 20.7% 21.3% 20.9% 21.4% 21.45%
EPS 3Y — — — — — 1.2% 38.0% 15.7% 18.4% 24.8% 51.4% 53.9% 45.9% 38.0% 37.5% 26.2% 14.7% 14.4% 33.6% 38.8% 38.76%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 73.8% 58.8% 37.1% 27.1% 30.5% 18.2% 20.7% 20.74%
Net Income 3Y — — — — — 1.2% 38.5% 16.1% 18.9% 25.3% 51.5% 54.2% 46.1% 38.2% 37.6% 26.4% 14.6% 14.4% 32.8% 38.5% 38.49%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 73.6% 59.1% 37.4% 27.4% 30.8% 18.1% 20.8% 20.84%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — 1.3% 1.4% 1.0% 65.1% 70.7% 53.3% 49.5% 50.8% 48.2% 44.4% 35.4% 26.5% 21.0% 19.3% 13.2% 15.5% 15.54%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 89.3% 88.3% 62.9% 40.8% 40.6% 32.1% 28.5% 31.0% 31.04%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — 90.2% 54.0% 38.8% 27.0% 28.0% 27.5% 26.2% 25.5% 24.5% 22.8% 19.7% 18.0% 16.1% 16.2% 13.7% 14.0% 14.00%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.7% 37.3% 27.7% 21.5% 22.5% 23.1% 21.6% 21.2% 21.16%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — 1.6% 79.4% 68.3% 49.2% 50.3% 51.0% 47.7% 49.7% 47.9% 47.1% 41.6% 30.3% 15.6% 6.9% -3.5% -0.2% -0.23%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.1% 61.1% 49.6% 33.6% 25.4% 23.5% 16.6% 20.0% 19.99%
FCF 3Y — — — — 2.0% 1.2% 66.2% 61.1% 41.3% 53.3% 43.8% 39.0% 42.3% 36.2% 33.3% 30.9% -0.4% 5.1% 13.6% 18.1% 18.09%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.1% 75.7% 50.4% 47.4% 18.0% 23.4% 26.1% 27.2% 27.16%
OCF 3Y — — — — 1.4% 1.0% 66.4% 59.7% 47.7% 55.5% 53.0% 49.0% 51.0% 44.6% 34.4% 31.1% 21.0% 21.0% 20.2% 21.7% 21.65%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 91.6% 72.3% 47.2% 42.4% 32.3% 35.1% 34.7% 33.5% 33.46%
Assets 3Y — — — — 29.3% 45.1% 40.1% 37.4% 36.1% 36.9% 37.2% 34.7% 32.3% 27.1% 27.2% 25.7% 24.0% 12.4% 17.2% 20.8% 20.81%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 29.1% 31.1% 32.2% 32.1% 30.3% 31.1% 29.0% 27.0% 27.05%
Equity 3Y — — — — 25.8% 28.3% 21.7% 23.7% 26.0% 28.2% 30.8% 34.7% 34.9% 34.5% 35.9% 34.4% 31.4% 28.8% 35.3% 36.4% 36.36%
Book Value 3Y — — — — 25.8% 28.5% 21.3% 23.3% 25.4% 27.7% 30.7% 34.3% 34.7% 34.4% 35.7% 34.2% 31.6% 28.7% 36.1% 36.6% 36.62%
Dividend 3Y — — — — 3.0% 5.9% 5.4% 2.4% 2.3% -0.5% -0.1% 2.8% 2.9% 6.1% 6.1% 2.9% 3.1% 2.7% 4.5% 9.1% 9.14%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.91 0.97 1.00 0.94 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.985
Earnings Stability 0.94 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.44 0.30 0.75 0.80 0.67 0.61 0.81 0.86 0.81 0.70 0.70 0.84 0.48 0.51 0.514
Margin Stability 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.971
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.82 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.87 0.86 0.90 0.91 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.97 0.93 0.91 0.98 0.84 0.94 0.940
Earnings Smoothness 0.66 0.59 0.64 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.62 0.57 0.72 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.32 0.92 0.81 0.73 0.95 0.52 0.84 0.836
ROE Trend 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.07 0.07 0.09 -0.11 -0.12 -0.10 -0.11 0.18 0.18 0.09 0.04 0.02 -0.04 -0.07 -0.03 -0.21 -0.16 -0.159
Gross Margin Trend 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.05 -0.049
FCF Margin Trend 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 -0.08 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 -0.034
Sustainable Growth Rate 22.7% 24.5% 25.9% 27.9% 31.5% 34.7% 10.4% 11.1% 16.7% 19.0% 45.9% 48.1% 40.7% 34.1% 33.4% 26.2% 21.0% 23.9% 13.9% 16.0% 16.03%
Internal Growth Rate 15.3% 15.1% 16.5% 17.2% 21.0% 17.8% 4.8% 5.5% 9.4% 9.8% 28.3% 32.2% 28.9% 22.9% 23.9% 18.3% 15.1% 16.5% 9.3% 11.1% 11.14%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.30 1.41 1.49 1.46 1.51 1.40 3.56 3.55 2.81 2.69 1.41 1.32 1.44 1.62 1.39 1.63 1.78 1.66 2.64 2.41 2.407
FCF/OCF 0.76 0.78 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.75 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.74 0.66 0.65 0.63 0.65 0.76 0.80 0.45 0.49 0.57 0.63 0.628
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.511
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.904
CapEx/Revenue 4.1% 4.2% 4.5% 4.1% 4.4% 5.7% 7.8% 8.0% 8.2% 7.6% 10.4% 11.3% 11.5% 11.1% 7.1% 5.8% 14.4% 13.3% 12.1% 10.9% 10.89%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.820
Accruals Ratio -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.09 -0.12 -0.08 -0.23 -0.25 -0.23 -0.21 -0.10 -0.09 -0.11 -0.14 -0.09 -0.12 -0.13 -0.11 -0.20 -0.19 -0.193
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.056
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.066
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.15%
Dividend/Share $0.42 $0.42 $0.42 $0.46 $0.46 $0.50 $0.50 $0.50 $0.50 $0.50 $0.50 $0.55 $0.55 $0.60 $0.60 $0.60 $0.60 $0.65 $0.68 $0.78 $0.40
Payout Ratio 33.7% 31.2% 28.3% 27.4% 23.3% 22.1% 49.3% 46.1% 33.5% 28.6% 13.9% 13.3% 14.1% 16.8% 15.4% 17.6% 20.1% 19.1% 28.3% 26.9% 26.86%
FCF Payout Ratio 34.1% 28.5% 24.4% 23.5% 19.1% 20.9% 20.5% 18.9% 17.0% 14.3% 14.9% 15.5% 15.4% 16.0% 14.6% 13.6% 25.1% 23.4% 18.7% 17.8% 17.78%
Total Payout Ratio 43.4% 40.4% 35.4% 33.6% 27.8% 26.0% 57.9% 55.7% 44.2% 38.1% 20.0% 18.7% 17.8% 21.6% 19.3% 22.7% 27.8% 25.5% 41.5% 38.2% 38.17%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.73 0.77 1.01 0.95 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.77 0.770
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.82 0.87 0.90 0.89 0.91 0.90 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.39 0.81 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.84 0.81 0.95 0.94 0.68 0.70 0.700
EBIT Margin 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.31 0.28 0.29 0.25 0.19 0.21 0.20 0.23 0.225
Asset Turnover 1.54 1.44 1.47 1.44 1.50 1.19 1.33 1.35 1.34 1.13 1.17 1.16 1.19 1.15 1.09 1.07 1.11 1.10 1.11 1.13 1.128
Equity Multiplier 1.71 1.87 1.82 1.90 1.81 2.30 2.25 2.14 1.94 2.14 2.08 1.98 1.81 1.83 1.73 1.70 1.60 1.69 1.62 1.60 1.599
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.26 $1.36 $1.49 $1.69 $1.97 $2.26 $1.01 $1.08 $1.49 $1.73 $3.60 $4.11 $3.90 $3.57 $3.87 $3.39 $2.97 $3.38 $2.40 $2.89 $2.89
Book Value/Share $4.11 $4.22 $4.58 $5.02 $5.51 $5.94 $5.23 $5.57 $6.38 $7.12 $8.24 $9.21 $10.05 $10.25 $11.45 $12.12 $12.55 $12.66 $13.18 $14.19 $14.24
Tangible Book/Share $1.88 $0.31 $0.62 $0.93 $1.30 $-1.77 $-0.79 $-0.05 $1.25 $1.91 $2.17 $3.41 $3.53 $0.53 $1.44 $1.45 $2.89 $4.00 $4.30 $5.86 $5.86
Revenue/Share $9.65 $10.29 $11.06 $12.05 $13.05 $13.85 $14.72 $15.19 $15.48 $15.79 $16.45 $16.91 $17.75 $18.30 $18.42 $19.38 $20.12 $21.26 $22.37 $23.82 $12.23
FCF/Share $1.24 $1.49 $1.73 $1.97 $2.41 $2.38 $2.43 $2.64 $2.93 $3.47 $3.35 $3.52 $3.56 $3.75 $4.07 $4.39 $2.38 $2.76 $3.63 $4.37 $3.71
OCF/Share $1.64 $1.92 $2.22 $2.47 $2.97 $3.17 $3.58 $3.85 $4.19 $4.67 $5.06 $5.43 $5.61 $5.78 $5.38 $5.52 $5.28 $5.60 $6.33 $6.96 $3.94
Cash/Share $1.31 $0.64 $0.77 $1.13 $1.05 $0.80 $1.23 $1.46 $2.07 $2.20 $2.45 $3.35 $3.52 $1.32 $1.58 $1.45 $2.04 $4.33 $4.64 $5.94 $5.96
EBITDA/Share $2.23 $2.35 $2.62 $3.03 $3.46 $3.97 $4.58 $4.96 $5.56 $5.99 $6.39 $6.82 $7.25 $7.06 $6.49 $6.11 $6.15 $6.72 $6.75 $7.70 $7.70
Debt/Share $0.92 $1.27 $1.09 $0.95 $1.00 $3.38 $2.55 $2.95 $2.97 $2.49 $2.09 $2.20 $2.32 $0.00 $1.12 $1.47 $1.28 $2.60 $3.20 $2.90 $2.90
Net Debt/Share $-0.39 $0.62 $0.31 $-0.18 $-0.04 $2.58 $1.32 $1.49 $0.90 $0.28 $-0.37 $-1.15 $-1.20 $-1.31 $-0.46 $0.01 $-0.76 $-1.73 $-1.43 $-3.03 $-3.03
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 5 5 7 7 6 5 5 7 7 8 8 8 7 4 5 6 6 6 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.24 -2.31 -2.26 -2.30 -2.47 -2.28 -3.05 -3.30 -3.37 -4.43 -2.90 -2.69 -2.60 5246.49 -2.57 -2.59 -2.80 -2.82 -2.89 -2.96 -2.956
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -10.433
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 76.26%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $1.99
EVA snapshot only $737268858.41
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 80.25 79.25 79.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 81.75 81.75 81.75 81.75 81.75 81.75 81.75 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.75 82.75 81.75 82.75 82.750
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only 0.000
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000

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