— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: INVE-B.ST (STO) · $vol 102M · INVE-A.ST (STO) · $vol 15M · IVSBF (OTC) · $vol 1M

IVSXF OTC

Investor AB (publ)
1W: -0.9% 1M: -4.7% 3M: -0.5% YTD: +13.4% 1Y: +29.0% 3Y: +116.6% 5Y: +93.2%
$40.20
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Financial Services · Asset Management · Tech Score Sell · Power 44 · $123.2B mcap · 2.44B float · 0.0000% daily turnover · Short 91% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
2
P/E
4
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. IVSXF receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5), P/E (4/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), D/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-14 A A-
2026-08-03 A- A
2026-07-23 A A-
2026-06-29 None ADDED
2026-06-28 EXISTED None
2026-06-23 None ADDED
2026-06-22 EXISTED None
2026-06-16 None ADDED
2026-06-15 EXISTED None
2026-06-09 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
100
Balance Sheet
75
Earnings Quality
28
Growth
78
Value
—
Momentum
63
Safety
—
Cash Flow
33

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-1.30
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-13.09
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 80.5/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
25/100
OCF/NI: 0.09x
Accruals: 21.3%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. IVSXF scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. IVSXF's score of -1.30 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. IVSXF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. IVSXF receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 80.5/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). IVSXF's score of 25/100 is low — reported earnings may not be fully supported by cash flows.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
4.72x
PEG
0.00x
P/S
4.03x
P/B
1.14x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$825.66
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 4.7x earnings, IVSXF trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $825.66 per share, suggesting a potential 1954% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.996
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.985
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.869
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.275
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.160
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
27.2%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. IVSXF's ROE of 27.2% is driven by EBIT Margin (0.869) as the dominant factor. A tax burden ratio of 1.00 indicates minimal tax leakage — the company retains over 90% of pre-tax earnings.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$3291.82
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with IVSXF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. IVSXF actually compounded EPS at 23.8% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. IVSXF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $3291.82, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 4.7x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$40.20
Median 1Y
$45.69
5th Pctile
$24.96
95th Pctile
$84.03
Ann. Volatility
36.1%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 29.2% 39.9% 12.1% -4.8% -7.8% -11.6% 4.4% 22.7% 19.5% 19.2% 22.6% 24.0% 27.2% 14.8% 5.4% 2.8% 8.0% 17.7% 21.2% 27.2% 27.21%
ROA 24.3% 33.4% 10.2% -3.9% -6.5% -9.8% 3.7% 18.8% 16.2% 16.3% 19.4% 20.5% 23.2% 12.7% 4.7% 2.4% 6.9% 15.3% 18.3% 23.5% 23.46%
ROIC 23.4% 30.3% 10.4% -3.4% -5.6% -8.5% 3.9% 18.5% 16.3% 16.1% 19.2% 20.0% 22.5% 12.6% 4.9% 2.6% 7.2% 15.2% 18.0% 22.3% 22.34%
ROCE 21.7% 28.9% 9.8% -3.9% -6.6% -10.2% 3.7% 17.4% 15.3% 15.3% 18.2% 18.8% 21.0% 12.1% 4.7% 2.5% 7.0% 14.6% 17.4% 21.4% 21.40%
Gross Margin 97.8% 99.4% 1.0% 1.0% 91.1% 98.8% 97.5% 95.4% 84.6% 99.1% 97.1% 98.2% 98.7% 1.3% 92.4% 96.2% 88.2% 97.7% 67.3% 99.1% 99.13%
Operating Margin 71.6% 88.1% 1.2% 1.3% 37.8% 79.4% 71.3% 74.5% -4.4% 79.8% 81.5% 81.2% 49.0% 2.2% -25.1% 74.5% 81.2% 78.3% 1.2% 88.0% 88.00%
Net Margin 71.6% 88.0% 1.2% 1.3% 37.3% 78.5% 70.7% 74.0% -4.5% 80.2% 81.5% 80.6% 47.8% 2.3% -25.5% 73.6% 79.4% 75.9% 1.2% 87.6% 87.58%
EBITDA Margin 71.6% 88.1% 1.2% 1.3% 37.8% 79.4% 71.3% 74.5% -4.4% 79.8% 81.5% 81.2% 49.0% 2.2% -25.1% 74.5% 81.2% 78.3% 1.2% 88.0% 88.00%
FCF Margin 5.1% 3.9% 10.5% 51.6% 2.3% -57.8% 17.1% 8.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.1% 8.2% 7.8% 10.9% 13.1% 22.8% 13.8% 8.6% 12.1% 6.7% 6.71%
OCF Margin 6.9% 5.3% 15.3% 77.3% 3.2% -78.5% 20.8% 10.0% 11.1% 11.3% 10.8% 9.8% 9.2% 13.4% 17.4% 28.1% 16.9% 10.0% 13.4% 7.8% 7.76%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 16.19%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 12.83%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 14.04%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 14.94%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 22.09%
Cash ROA snapshot only 1.91%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 2.00%
CROIC snapshot only 1.73%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 86.62%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 85.58%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 11.80%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.725
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.026
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.143
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.005
Graham Number snapshot only $825.66
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio — 7.25 — — — 4.44 — — — 5.89 3.05 — — 5.31 — — 0.00 27.90 3.49 134.12 134.116
Quick Ratio — 5.64 — — — 2.69 — — — 5.89 2.55 — — 5.31 — — 0.00 27.90 2.71 134.12 134.116
Debt/Equity 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.116
Net Debt/Equity 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.098
Debt/Assets 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.101
Debt/EBITDA 0.58 0.38 1.22 -3.70 -2.06 -1.24 3.27 0.69 0.77 0.70 0.54 0.52 0.46 0.86 2.34 4.47 1.59 0.72 0.62 0.47 0.472
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.39 0.30 0.94 -2.63 -1.65 -1.06 2.21 0.50 0.54 0.55 0.31 0.37 0.30 0.71 1.46 2.95 1.28 0.58 0.48 0.40 0.397
Interest Coverage 70.26 84.03 27.30 -5.39 -7.43 -11.75 4.77 21.71 25.03 25.50 24.68 35.36 40.24 14.85 7.09 3.43 10.58 32.76 36.77 64.63 64.625
Equity Multiplier 1.19 1.17 1.18 1.23 1.22 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.150
Cash Ratio snapshot only 134.116
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 64.625
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.159
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.164
Defensive Interval snapshot only 905.7 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.30 0.39 0.16 0.03 0.01 -0.03 0.11 0.27 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.27 0.30 0.20 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.22 0.23 0.28 0.275
Inventory Turnover — 0.45 — — — 0.77 — — — 1.06 1.26 — — — 1.27 — — — 3.77 — —
Receivables Turnover 13.99 45.89 6.16 1.44 0.35 -3.05 5.33 13.03 11.29 19.83 31.17 15.62 16.86 15.18 11.23 5.20 7.72 14.75 24.99 35.22 35.223
Payables Turnover — 1.24 — — — 1.79 — — — 1.09 — — — 1.41 — — — 4.77 — — —
DSO 26 8 59 254 1054 -120 68 28 32 18 12 23 22 24 33 70 47 25 15 10 10.4 days
DIO 0 816 0 0 0 476 0 0 0 346 290 0 0 0 288 0 0 0 97 0 0.0 days
DPO 0 294 0 0 0 204 0 0 0 335 0 0 0 258 0 0 0 76 0 0 —
Cash Conversion Cycle 26 530 59 254 1054 — 68 28 32 29 301 23 22 -234 320 70 47 -52 111 10 —
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 14.697
Cash Velocity snapshot only 15.359
Capital Intensity snapshot only 4.062
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 65.5% 2.0% -49.6% -89.3% -97.2% -1.1% -26.6% 8.5% 32.0% 9.7% 1.7% 22.7% 50.5% -4.8% -52.1% -64.1% -49.2% 25.8% 1.2% 2.6% 2.56%
Net Income 96.1% 3.3% -62.3% -1.2% -1.3% -1.3% -61.5% 6.2% 3.6% 2.7% 4.9% 31.1% 72.8% -10.8% -73.2% -87.1% -65.9% 38.6% 3.4% 10.2% 10.22%
EPS 96.1% 3.3% -62.3% -1.2% -1.3% -1.3% -61.5% 6.2% 3.6% 2.7% 4.9% 31.0% 72.6% -10.8% -73.1% -87.1% 2.2% 38.5% 40.7% 10.2% 10.22%
FCF 48.9% 27.8% 43.8% 0.6% 21.7% 17.1% 18.9% 53.1% 35.5% 40.9% 41.4% 21.5% 25.6% 11.1% -30.5% -0.0% -10.0% -1.0% 1.1% 4.9% 4.88%
EBITDA 94.7% 3.3% -62.3% -1.2% -1.3% -1.3% -59.9% 6.3% 3.7% 2.7% 4.7% 30.3% 70.9% -10.4% -72.5% -86.4% -64.8% 40.6% 3.4% 9.8% 9.85%
Op. Income 94.7% 3.3% -62.3% -1.2% -1.3% -1.3% -59.9% 6.3% 3.7% 2.7% 4.7% 30.3% 70.9% -10.4% -72.5% -86.4% -64.8% 40.6% 3.4% 9.9% 9.86%
OCF Growth snapshot only -1.70%
Asset Growth snapshot only 26.79%
Equity Growth snapshot only 29.33%
Debt Growth snapshot only 14.37%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.03%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -70.72%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 34.6% 91.6% 19.9% -34.0% -57.0% — 5.9% 20.5% 14.6% 26.8% -0.4% 7.8% 11.0% -13.1% -2.1% 61.4% 1.9% — 41.7% 16.2% 16.25%
Revenue 5Y 24.0% 34.2% 1.8% -28.5% -42.6% — 10.5% 28.3% 17.3% 37.1% 27.6% 27.5% 31.6% 4.1% 8.7% -5.0% 2.8% 19.5% 1.0% 9.9% 9.89%
EPS 3Y 54.6% — 47.2% — — — 1.6% 24.1% 14.6% 34.0% -4.9% 5.3% 9.8% -20.8% -15.1% — — — 3.0% 23.8% 23.77%
EPS 5Y 31.6% 46.6% -0.9% — — — 8.3% 44.9% 23.2% — 48.7% 45.9% 55.7% 2.3% 10.7% -20.2% 53.0% 24.4% 57.3% 11.1% 11.09%
Net Income 3Y 54.6% — 47.3% — — — 1.6% 24.1% 14.6% 34.0% -4.9% 5.4% 9.9% -20.8% -15.1% — — — 91.1% 23.8% 23.82%
Net Income 5Y 31.6% 46.6% -0.8% — — — 8.3% 44.9% 23.2% — 48.7% 45.9% 55.7% 2.3% 10.7% -20.2% -2.4% 24.4% 0.3% 11.1% 11.10%
EBITDA 3Y 51.5% 5.4% 43.0% — — — 1.3% 23.8% 14.7% 34.0% -4.9% 5.4% 9.8% -20.6% -14.4% — — — 90.2% 24.2% 24.24%
EBITDA 5Y 30.1% 45.0% -1.3% — — — 6.4% 41.6% 22.0% 1.7% 46.1% 45.0% 54.4% 2.2% 10.2% -19.6% -1.9% 24.8% 0.8% 11.5% 11.50%
Gross Profit 3Y 44.2% 1.1% 23.9% -39.1% — — 5.6% 20.5% 14.7% 26.9% -1.2% 7.4% 10.7% -14.1% -3.4% 71.5% — — 41.0% 15.0% 15.01%
Gross Profit 5Y 31.6% 44.5% 5.9% -29.5% — — 19.2% 39.3% 21.7% 46.1% 30.0% 27.7% 32.4% 3.6% 8.9% -6.0% 1.0% 18.7% -0.7% 8.6% 8.61%
Op. Income 3Y 50.3% 5.1% 42.7% — — — 1.3% 23.8% 14.7% 34.0% -4.9% 5.4% 9.8% -20.6% -14.4% — — — 90.3% 24.3% 24.30%
Op. Income 5Y 30.1% 45.5% -1.2% — — — 5.2% 40.3% 21.4% 1.6% 46.0% 45.0% 54.4% 2.2% 10.2% -19.6% -1.9% 24.8% 0.8% 11.5% 11.53%
FCF 3Y -2.5% 1.0% 4.6% -2.1% 0.3% -0.6% 5.5% 27.2% 34.9% 28.2% 34.2% 23.2% 27.5% 22.4% 5.3% 23.0% 15.3% 15.7% 26.5% 8.4% 8.40%
FCF 5Y -0.9% -0.5% 8.1% -1.1% 4.7% 5.2% 8.8% 8.7% 8.8% 11.2% 14.0% 11.8% 11.4% 9.0% 2.9% 20.1% 22.7% 18.3% 28.2% 14.4% 14.43%
OCF 3Y 3.4% 6.1% 12.0% 6.3% 6.7% 4.5% 7.1% 23.7% 28.8% 24.1% 29.2% 21.2% 22.1% 18.3% 2.1% 15.2% 10.1% 10.1% 22.3% 6.9% 6.94%
OCF 5Y 2.6% 3.1% 12.4% 4.4% 8.7% 8.9% 10.2% 10.1% 10.1% 11.9% 14.2% 12.2% 11.6% 10.2% 5.6% 18.7% 19.9% 15.1% 23.3% 12.6% 12.61%
Assets 3Y 15.7% 24.1% 17.4% 12.8% 11.3% 11.9% 16.2% 14.7% 12.1% 13.7% 11.0% 12.2% 10.9% 6.2% 9.3% 13.8% 15.5% 15.0% 14.4% 15.9% 15.87%
Assets 5Y 14.8% 16.5% 12.4% 10.7% 10.8% 12.1% 12.7% 12.9% 11.3% 15.0% 15.1% 15.7% 14.7% 13.0% 14.4% 13.1% 13.3% 14.1% 11.4% 12.8% 12.84%
Equity 3Y 17.3% 27.7% 19.8% 13.9% 12.6% 12.9% 19.1% 16.0% 13.0% 15.8% 12.5% 13.5% 12.2% 6.3% 9.7% 15.7% 17.2% 16.4% 15.6% 17.2% 17.24%
Book Value 3Y 17.3% 27.7% 19.8% 13.9% 12.6% 12.8% 19.0% 16.0% 13.0% 15.8% 12.5% 13.5% 12.1% 6.3% 9.7% 15.7% 1.5% 16.4% 1.4% 17.2% 17.20%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% -0.3% 2.9% 2.9% 66.9% 67.5% 63.5% 63.4% 1.7% 1.2% 2.7% 1.2% -33.6% -33.61%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.64 0.55 0.15 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.17 0.04 0.08 0.18 0.33 0.32 0.00 0.25 0.08 0.19 0.44 0.00 0.05 0.047
Earnings Stability 0.50 0.52 0.17 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.14 0.04 0.02 0.18 0.27 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.13 0.135
Margin Stability 0.87 0.82 0.92 0.88 0.33 0.87 0.83 0.82 0.33 0.85 0.95 0.90 0.35 0.99 0.97 0.90 0.34 0.98 0.96 0.97 0.967
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.35 0.00 0.10 — — — 0.11 — — — 0.00 0.73 0.47 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend 0.14 0.16 -0.09 -0.27 -0.30 -0.35 -0.18 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.13 0.14 0.19 0.11 -0.07 -0.18 -0.13 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.119
Gross Margin Trend 0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.21 -1.11 — -0.06 0.09 0.54 — 0.02 0.12 0.56 — -0.01 -0.06 -0.09 -0.03 -0.05 -0.01 -0.014
FCF Margin Trend -0.07 -0.05 0.00 0.45 2.21 — 0.10 -0.20 -1.07 — -0.05 -0.22 -1.10 — 0.00 0.15 0.05 -0.02 0.01 -0.09 -0.088
Sustainable Growth Rate 29.2% 39.3% 11.6% — — — 3.9% 22.2% 19.0% 18.7% 22.2% 22.1% 25.3% 12.8% 3.6% 1.0% 6.3% 15.9% 19.4% 26.8% 26.75%
Internal Growth Rate 32.0% 49.1% 10.8% — — — 3.4% 22.5% 18.7% 18.8% 23.4% 23.2% 27.6% 12.4% 3.2% 0.8% 5.7% 15.9% 20.1% 30.0% 29.98%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.09 0.06 0.24 -0.60 -0.38 -0.22 0.63 0.14 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.21 0.42 1.04 0.32 0.14 0.17 0.09 0.091
FCF/OCF 0.74 0.73 0.69 0.67 0.71 0.74 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.81 0.76 0.81 0.81 0.86 0.91 0.86 0.865
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.079
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.089
CapEx/Revenue 1.8% 1.4% 4.8% 25.8% 93.4% -20.6% 3.7% 1.7% 1.8% 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 1.4% 2.5% 4.3% 5.3% 3.2% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 1.05%
Accruals Ratio 0.22 0.31 0.08 -0.06 -0.09 -0.12 0.01 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.10 0.03 -0.00 0.05 0.13 0.15 0.21 0.213
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.031
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 3.113
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.250
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.35%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.01 $1.01 $1.01 $1.01 $1.00 $1.10 $1.10 $4.70 $4.70 $4.80 $4.80 $4.95 $46.71 $5.20 $49.38 $1.45 $5.45
Payout Ratio 0.0% 1.3% 4.3% — — — 11.4% 2.2% 2.6% 2.7% 2.1% 8.0% 7.0% 13.0% 34.0% 64.9% 21.7% 10.1% 8.4% 1.7% 1.69%
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% 29.3% 25.8% 28.9% 25.7% 25.3% 21.9% 19.1% 18.7% 19.5% 16.9% 73.1% 70.1% 76.7% 1.1% 77.1% 82.0% 83.9% 55.7% 21.5% 21.52%
Total Payout Ratio 0.1% 1.4% 4.5% — — — 11.4% 2.4% 2.8% 2.8% 2.2% 8.2% 7.2% 13.3% 34.8% 65.8% 22.0% 10.3% 8.5% 1.7% 1.69%
Div. Increase Streak — 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.01 1.01 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.996
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.985
EBIT Margin 0.80 0.85 0.63 -1.27 -8.38 3.48 0.34 0.71 0.68 0.69 0.73 0.76 0.78 0.65 0.42 0.29 0.54 0.73 0.83 0.87 0.869
Asset Turnover 0.30 0.39 0.16 0.03 0.01 -0.03 0.11 0.27 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.27 0.30 0.20 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.22 0.23 0.28 0.275
Equity Multiplier 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.21 1.21 1.18 1.18 1.21 1.21 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.160
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $50.46 $74.41 $23.09 $-8.66 $-14.71 $-24.36 $8.90 $45.09 $38.73 $41.48 $52.60 $59.07 $66.87 $37.01 $14.13 $7.62 $215.61 $51.24 $589.38 $85.50 $85.50
Book Value/Share $195.99 $222.72 $200.68 $176.93 $180.87 $197.32 $208.33 $220.10 $215.98 $234.03 $256.66 $272.80 $276.39 $267.53 $264.86 $274.08 $2751.17 $311.08 $3053.03 $354.36 $354.46
Tangible Book/Share $168.07 $193.81 $171.18 $145.21 $147.83 $165.45 $176.45 $187.09 $183.45 $202.02 $223.49 $239.59 $243.60 $233.26 $233.12 $243.07 $2401.85 $274.66 $2687.83 $315.49 $315.49
Revenue/Share $63.08 $87.42 $36.76 $6.70 $1.74 $-6.91 $26.98 $63.94 $57.40 $60.35 $71.97 $78.36 $86.30 $57.43 $34.48 $28.16 $413.94 $72.19 $729.23 $100.33 $100.58
FCF/Share $3.23 $3.41 $3.88 $3.46 $3.93 $3.99 $4.61 $5.29 $5.34 $5.63 $6.52 $6.42 $6.70 $6.26 $4.53 $6.42 $56.94 $6.19 $88.60 $6.73 $6.75
OCF/Share $4.36 $4.65 $5.64 $5.18 $5.55 $5.42 $5.62 $6.37 $6.40 $6.85 $7.79 $7.66 $7.93 $7.70 $6.00 $7.92 $70.02 $7.23 $97.59 $7.78 $7.81
Cash/Share $9.45 $5.98 $6.45 $9.13 $5.90 $4.29 $9.86 $8.55 $9.15 $6.14 $12.19 $9.04 $10.94 $5.62 $12.74 $12.23 $68.17 $7.24 $85.85 $6.53 $6.36
EBITDA/Share $50.58 $74.50 $23.12 $-8.53 $-14.54 $-24.04 $9.27 $45.51 $39.24 $41.69 $52.71 $59.22 $66.99 $37.35 $14.50 $8.04 $222.62 $52.44 $605.36 $87.18 $87.18
Debt/Share $29.12 $28.42 $28.15 $31.57 $29.95 $29.74 $30.36 $31.38 $30.37 $29.10 $28.62 $31.09 $30.98 $32.30 $33.93 $35.95 $353.49 $37.75 $377.28 $41.10 $41.10
Net Debt/Share $19.68 $22.44 $21.70 $22.45 $24.06 $25.44 $20.49 $22.83 $21.22 $22.96 $16.43 $22.05 $20.05 $26.68 $21.19 $23.72 $285.32 $30.51 $291.42 $34.57 $34.57
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 6 5 4 3 2 2 3 6 6 8 5 6 6 4 3 4 3 5 6 6 6
Beneish M-Score -1.40 2.13 — — -2.63 -3.41 — — 2.79 -1.53 -1.88 -1.55 6.59 — 7954.03 -2.31 -0.94 — -1.30 -1.30 -1.305
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -13.091
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 6.55%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-46.75
EVA snapshot only $147187833775.35
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 72.40 80.50 71.50 48.00 48.00 55.50 57.25 73.00 73.00 80.50 82.00 73.90 74.50 78.00 65.00 55.75 63.30 80.50 82.00 80.50 80.500
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only 24.750
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000

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