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Not Investment Advice

JIM.L LSE

Jarvis Securities plc
1W: +0.0% 1M: +21.4% 3M: +0.0% YTD: +4.5% 1Y: -60.5% 3Y: -91.0% 5Y: -96.1%
£8.50 ($0.11)
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±7.6%
£7 £8 £8 £9 £10
LSE · Financial Services · Financial - Capital Markets · Tech Score Buy · Power 68 · £3.8M mcap · 22M float · 0.220% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
4
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. JIM.L receives an overall rating of A+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5), P/E (4/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-07-10 C+ A+
2026-05-11 B- C+
2026-04-30 C+ B-
2026-04-08 None ADDED
2026-01-04 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 30 Grade D
Profitability
80
Balance Sheet
90
Earnings Quality
20
Growth
24
Value
82
Momentum
6
Safety
100
Cash Flow
2
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. JIM.L scores highest in Safety (100/100) and lowest in Cash Flow (2/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman-B Score
50.12
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
1.81
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
—
—
Credit Rating
AA
Score: 85.8/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
25/100
OCF/NI: 0.14x
Accruals: 94.1%
The Altman-B Score replaces the traditional Z-Score for banks and financial institutions. It weights equity-to-assets, return on assets, retained earnings, market value coverage, and cash reserves — metrics that better capture bank solvency than manufacturing-oriented ratios. JIM.L scores 50.12, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 3.0, distress < 1.5). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. JIM.L scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. JIM.L's score of 1.81 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. JIM.L receives an estimated rating of AA (score: 85.8/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). JIM.L's score of 25/100 is low — reported earnings may not be fully supported by cash flows.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
0.99x
PEG
0.04x
P/S
0.30x
P/B
0.58x
P/FCF
-7.07x
P/OCF
3.76x
EV/EBITDA
-0.10x
EV/Revenue
-0.08x
EV/EBIT
-0.10x
EV/FCF
1.97x
Earnings Yield
189.39%
FCF Yield
-14.15%
Shareholder Yield
84.90%
Graham Number
$0.87
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 1.0x earnings, JIM.L trades at a deep value multiple. An earnings yield of 189.4% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $0.87 per share, 874% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.748
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.911
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.760
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
2.113
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.648
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
180.3%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. JIM.L's ROE of 180.3% is driven by Asset Turnover (2.113), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
12.72%
Fair P/E
33.94x
Intrinsic Value
$7.87
Price/Value
0.02x
Margin of Safety
98.44%
Premium
-98.44%
Assessment
Undervalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with JIM.L's realized 12.7% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. At an intrinsic value of $7.87, JIM.L appears undervalued with a 98% margin of safety. The adjusted fair P/E of 33.9x compares to the current market P/E of 1.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$8.50
Median 1Y
$5.21
5th Pctile
$1.72
95th Pctile
$16.03
Ann. Volatility
64.9%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
ROE 1.4% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% 1.2% 8.7% 14.3% 20.6% 21.5% 32.6% 30.4% 23.6% 13.0% 10.0% 1.6% 1.4% 1.8% 1.80%
ROA 37.3% 33.2% 43.1% 27.3% 42.1% 44.0% 57.0% 42.9% 3.7% 6.9% 12.0% 13.6% 17.2% 16.1% 13.4% 7.8% 5.3% 91.6% 84.6% 1.1% 1.09%
ROIC -92.3% -67.6% -17.6% -51.5% -85.0% -2.4% 4.1% 4.1% 11.4% 2.1% 2.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.9% -24.1% -54.9% -226.2% -18.9% -7.9% -7.86%
ROCE 97.5% 3.1% 88.6% 2.0% 59.5% 1.4% 86.6% 1.3% 97.5% 1.4% 89.3% 1.2% 1.2% 2.5% 1.6% 2.5% 2.4% 1.3% 1.2% 1.6% 1.56%
Gross Margin 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 54.5% 47.3% 49.7% 43.4% 50.4% 50.4% 52.1% 47.8% 52.4% 1.0% 0.0% 1.0% 1.00%
Operating Margin 44.0% 43.5% 43.9% 48.9% 44.8% 43.4% 42.5% 45.9% 37.2% 42.7% 40.6% 45.8% 39.8% 40.2% 47.9% 52.2% 47.6% 48.1% 38.3% -2.0% -2.00%
Net Margin 35.3% 34.8% 35.1% 39.5% 35.9% 35.1% 34.2% 37.1% 8.2% 6.4% 6.7% 5.4% 7.2% 7.1% 38.7% 39.8% 18.4% 31.6% 28.7% 3.5% 3.46%
EBITDA Margin 45.0% 43.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 47.5% 8.3% 10.0% 9.6% 10.8% 9.8% 9.4% 48.6% 53.0% 48.6% 43.1% 39.2% 4.6% 4.64%
FCF Margin 26.5% 51.5% 13.4% 32.0% 47.7% 9.8% 26.3% -30.5% -2.3% 11.2% 36.0% 38.7% 39.6% 52.4% 49.9% 52.8% 42.7% 37.8% 27.8% -3.9% -3.87%
OCF Margin 26.6% 51.7% 13.4% 32.1% 47.7% 9.8% 26.3% -30.2% -1.8% 11.7% 36.6% 39.2% 39.9% 52.7% 50.1% 53.0% 42.8% 37.9% 36.4% 7.3% 7.27%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 12.94%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 8.20%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 7.66%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 59.68%
Cash ROA snapshot only 14.90%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 18.90%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 69.20%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.12%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 31.65%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
P/E Ratio 3.75 3.19 3.34 4.16 4.90 4.32 4.05 3.85 0.65 0.43 0.47 0.42 0.50 0.42 0.40 0.55 0.41 2.60 2.49 0.53 0.993
P/S Ratio 1.31 1.12 1.18 1.51 1.78 1.57 1.46 1.37 1.55 1.75 2.64 2.78 3.19 2.74 2.01 1.99 0.81 0.85 0.75 0.27 0.299
P/B Ratio 4.77 3.91 3.93 4.67 5.68 4.84 4.47 4.06 5.62 5.91 9.60 7.72 17.12 14.88 10.88 10.41 4.13 3.92 2.98 0.84 0.583
P/FCF 4.96 2.16 8.83 4.73 3.74 16.04 5.57 -4.50 -66.89 15.72 7.35 7.17 8.06 5.23 4.04 3.76 1.90 2.25 2.71 -7.07 -7.068
P/OCF 4.94 2.16 8.79 4.70 3.74 16.08 5.56 — — 14.99 7.22 7.08 7.99 5.19 4.02 3.76 1.89 2.25 2.07 3.76 3.763
EV/EBITDA 1.48 0.71 2.67 2.42 10.82 — — 8.99 9.19 10.16 14.06 25.66 30.24 25.93 9.74 5.70 1.51 1.30 1.04 -0.10 -0.099
EV/Revenue 0.66 0.31 0.86 0.48 1.04 1.10 1.22 1.12 1.30 1.62 2.49 2.51 3.05 2.58 1.87 1.78 0.61 0.63 0.48 -0.08 -0.076
EV/EBIT 0.74 0.36 1.13 0.74 1.89 2.43 2.73 2.54 3.09 3.84 5.98 5.97 6.83 5.57 3.88 3.57 1.23 1.33 1.06 -0.10 -0.100
EV/FCF 2.48 0.61 6.43 1.51 2.19 11.20 4.66 -3.68 -56.27 14.51 6.93 6.49 7.72 4.93 3.74 3.37 1.42 1.67 1.73 1.97 1.966
Earnings Yield 26.7% 31.3% 29.9% 24.1% 20.4% 23.2% 24.7% 26.0% 1.5% 2.3% 2.1% 2.4% 2.0% 2.4% 2.5% 1.8% 2.5% 38.5% 40.2% 1.9% 1.89%
FCF Yield 20.2% 46.2% 11.3% 21.2% 26.7% 6.2% 17.9% -22.2% -1.5% 6.4% 13.6% 14.0% 12.4% 19.1% 24.8% 26.6% 52.7% 44.4% 36.9% -14.1% -14.15%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.042
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.890
EV/OCF snapshot only -1.047
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only -0.138
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only -0.301
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 84.90%
Graham Number snapshot only $0.87
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
Current Ratio 36.50 0.91 15.19 1.03 31.36 1.22 9.07 1.38 7.88 0.52 8.96 1.31 7.80 1.07 8.92 1.47 2.42 78.15 — — —
Quick Ratio -0.29 0.91 -0.01 1.03 31.36 1.22 9.07 1.38 7.88 0.52 8.96 1.31 7.80 1.07 8.92 1.47 2.42 78.15 — — —
Debt/Equity 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.034
Net Debt/Equity -2.38 -2.81 -1.07 -3.18 -2.36 -1.46 -0.73 -0.74 -0.89 -0.46 -0.55 -0.72 -0.72 -0.83 -0.79 -1.08 -1.03 -1.01 -1.07 -1.07 -1.074
Debt/Assets 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.023
Debt/EBITDA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — — 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.015
Net Debt/EBITDA -1.47 -1.81 -0.99 -5.15 -7.71 — — -2.01 -1.73 -0.85 -0.86 -2.66 -1.33 -1.54 -0.76 -0.66 -0.50 -0.45 -0.59 -0.45 -0.455
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — 1952.88 1034.70 814.34 690.63 941.79 1299.36 1787.60 1390.53 804.00 555.59 558.46 683.50 1877.85 1877.855
Equity Multiplier 3.37 4.08 2.94 4.10 3.02 2.19 1.66 1.60 1.69 1.96 1.76 1.57 2.11 1.79 1.75 1.84 1.67 1.70 1.50 1.50 1.498
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 1898.810
Cash to Debt snapshot only 32.336
FCF to Debt snapshot only -3.469
Defensive Interval snapshot only 294.8 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
Asset Turnover 1.06 0.95 1.22 0.75 1.16 1.21 1.58 1.21 1.56 1.71 2.16 2.07 2.70 2.46 2.66 2.15 2.66 2.80 2.79 2.11 2.113
Inventory Turnover 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Receivables Turnover — — — — — — — 8.72 — 5.02 7.24 4.54 9.22 4.14 5.63 5.35 6.71 7.52 10.92 9.35 9.350
Payables Turnover 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.98 3.21 3.60 5.31 3.20 5.96 3.53 4.97 3.08 17.65 6.15 6.147
DSO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 73 50 80 40 88 65 68 54 49 33 39 39.0 days
DIO — — — — — — — — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO — — — — — — — — 915 373 114 102 69 114 61 103 73 119 21 59 59.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle — — — — — — — — -915 -300 -63 -21 -29 -26 4 -35 -19 -70 13 -20 -20.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 47.934
Cash Velocity snapshot only 2.773
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.488
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
Revenue 12.5% 8.5% 10.2% 12.1% 18.9% 23.1% 22.2% 18.7% 15.9% 21.5% 22.5% 34.6% 34.3% 19.7% 12.7% -2.5% -7.0% -4.4% -4.2% -23.2% -23.24%
Net Income 27.2% 16.0% 15.7% 18.9% 23.6% 28.4% 25.1% 16.2% 6.6% 12.4% 17.9% 23.8% 2.6% 94.6% 2.1% -45.9% -71.0% -95.2% -94.3% -89.1% -89.06%
EPS 26.6% 14.7% 18.2% 20.7% 25.6% 30.5% 24.9% 16.8% 6.6% 12.5% 18.0% 23.5% 2.5% 90.2% -0.1% -46.7% -71.0% -95.2% -94.3% -89.1% -89.06%
FCF -64.1% -16.5% -72.1% -56.2% 1.1% -76.6% 1.4% -2.1% -1.1% 38.2% 67.8% 2.7% 23.9% 4.6% 56.4% 33.1% 0.4% -31.0% -46.6% -1.1% -1.06%
EBITDA 1.7% 1.3% 59.5% -33.9% -74.3% -1.0% -1.0% -25.9% 70.7% — — 5.8% -4.4% -25.1% 21.9% 2.1% 2.7% 3.7% 1.3% 88.5% 88.55%
Op. Income 21.0% 11.4% 12.4% 17.0% 22.5% 27.5% 24.2% 15.7% 7.7% 12.9% 13.6% 28.2% 35.3% 19.2% 18.2% 5.1% 3.2% 11.9% 2.7% -57.2% -57.24%
OCF Growth snapshot only -89.47%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.24%
Equity Growth snapshot only 30.78%
Debt Growth snapshot only -32.91%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.00%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -68.95%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
Revenue 3Y 14.6% 14.1% 15.1% 15.2% 17.0% 17.6% 18.2% 17.0% 15.8% 17.5% 18.2% 21.4% 22.8% 21.4% 19.1% 15.9% 13.1% 11.6% 9.8% 0.2% 0.25%
Revenue 5Y 30.6% 21.8% 23.7% 21.1% 19.3% 18.1% 15.7% 16.0% 15.7% 17.3% 18.0% 19.6% 20.0% 18.8% 17.9% 16.0% 14.1% 13.2% 12.3% 6.0% 6.03%
EPS 3Y 26.4% 28.5% 33.7% 35.1% 34.8% 31.8% 28.9% 24.3% 1.3% 1.7% 2.0% 2.3% 2.2% 2.2% 1.9% 1.5% 97.9% 7.0% 2.8% 12.7% 12.72%
EPS 5Y 58.4% 42.6% 40.4% 29.6% 23.1% 21.3% 20.1% 20.6% 80.9% 1.1% 1.2% 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% 1.1% 90.6% 65.3% 12.9% 9.9% 15.1% 15.08%
Net Income 3Y 28.4% 30.4% 35.0% 36.0% 35.6% 32.6% 29.7% 24.5% 1.3% 1.7% 2.0% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 1.9% 1.5% 99.3% 7.7% 3.5% 13.6% 13.61%
Net Income 5Y 55.7% 40.3% 38.3% 27.8% 21.3% 20.1% 18.9% 21.0% 81.8% 1.1% 1.3% 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 1.1% 91.7% 65.6% 13.2% 9.9% 15.2% 15.16%
EBITDA 3Y 19.1% 20.9% 12.3% -3.3% -24.1% — — -10.8% 6.2% 7.5% 9.5% -19.7% -25.2% -26.1% 0.1% 34.6% 82.3% — — 83.8% 83.81%
EBITDA 5Y 36.6% 26.0% 18.7% 2.5% -14.5% — — -10.3% -5.9% -1.0% 3.1% -6.7% -6.5% -8.6% 2.5% 18.5% 33.6% 34.0% 29.9% 24.9% 24.92%
Gross Profit 3Y 14.6% 14.1% 15.1% 15.2% 17.0% 17.6% 18.2% 22.8% 23.1% 16.8% 10.1% -0.6% -4.3% -4.9% -6.3% -8.0% -9.9% -4.4% -12.7% -17.8% -17.78%
Gross Profit 5Y 30.6% 21.8% 23.7% 21.1% 19.3% 18.1% 15.7% 16.0% 12.9% 10.3% 6.9% 3.3% 3.4% 2.6% 2.1% 4.0% 5.9% 9.4% 3.5% -3.4% -3.36%
Op. Income 3Y 21.8% 24.1% 29.0% 30.7% 31.3% 28.9% 26.6% 21.4% 16.9% 17.0% 16.6% 20.2% 21.3% 19.7% 18.6% 16.0% 14.6% 14.6% 11.3% -16.8% -16.78%
Op. Income 5Y 53.1% 35.5% 30.7% 23.6% 17.4% 16.4% 15.0% 17.0% 19.0% 22.4% 24.8% 27.1% 27.0% 23.6% 22.2% 19.3% 17.4% 16.4% 14.0% -4.8% -4.85%
FCF 3Y 18.0% 65.3% 26.9% 63.6% 81.8% -18.5% -1.4% — — -35.3% 4.0% -5.4% 40.3% 22.1% 84.6% 37.1% 9.1% 75.0% 11.9% — —
FCF 5Y 1.7% 98.3% 75.8% 32.8% 28.0% -4.8% 18.3% — — 7.9% 52.4% 53.3% 50.7% 33.3% 20.3% 7.5% -0.1% 1.0% -1.3% — —
OCF 3Y 7.2% 49.4% 13.4% 45.8% 61.5% -23.1% -5.1% — — -34.4% 4.6% -5.0% 40.6% 22.2% 84.7% 36.9% 9.1% 75.3% 22.4% — —
OCF 5Y 69.6% 70.6% 41.7% 29.6% 26.9% -7.0% 13.9% — — 2.5% 42.9% 43.3% 40.6% 29.0% 17.6% 6.7% -0.2% 0.9% 4.2% -34.7% -34.67%
Assets 3Y 35.9% 25.2% 33.3% 67.0% 36.8% 12.6% 5.9% -13.2% -12.3% -2.8% -1.4% -12.3% -7.7% -20.2% -14.9% -25.5% -20.6% -10.3% -2.7% -3.1% -3.13%
Assets 5Y 8.1% 8.5% 1.9% 0.9% -1.1% -8.0% -0.6% -10.3% 11.7% 7.9% 14.2% 25.9% 10.5% -0.8% -0.6% -11.0% -9.9% -7.7% -4.1% -15.3% -15.29%
Equity 3Y 46.4% 42.6% 47.6% 45.5% 41.6% 39.7% 35.3% 28.0% 16.6% 14.7% 11.9% 23.6% 7.8% 4.9% 1.3% -2.7% -3.3% -2.4% 0.8% -1.0% -0.95%
Book Value 3Y 44.2% 40.5% 46.2% 44.6% 40.8% 38.9% 34.5% 27.8% 17.2% 15.0% 12.7% 24.1% 7.6% 4.7% 0.6% -3.3% -3.9% -3.1% 0.1% -1.7% -1.73%
Dividend 3Y 18.4% 14.7% 11.9% 11.9% -2.5% -0.2% 2.0% 2.3% 17.4% 18.2% 21.9% 25.9% 26.6% 24.6% 16.1% 10.7% -15.4% -20.7% -25.7% -32.8% -32.82%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
Revenue Stability 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.95 0.91 0.92 0.96 0.98 0.92 0.89 0.93 0.91 0.37 0.370
Earnings Stability 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.92 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.94 0.51 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.61 0.70 0.71 0.52 0.41 0.21 0.18 0.12 0.121
Margin Stability 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.93 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.93 0.87 0.84 0.79 0.74 0.74 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.68 0.74 0.68 0.65 0.649
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.89 0.94 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.94 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.99 0.82 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.76 0.85 0.85 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.78 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.98 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.05 -0.05 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 7.44 12.42 19.12 17.13 29.36 28.27 16.65 9.38 -11.32 -23.11 -22.60 -17.03 -17.029
Gross Margin Trend 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.06 -0.12 -0.27 -0.39 -0.52 -0.47 -0.39 -0.32 -0.24 -0.17 0.02 -0.05 0.06 0.061
FCF Margin Trend -0.21 0.03 -0.36 -0.48 -0.07 -0.49 -0.07 -0.87 -0.39 -0.20 0.16 0.38 0.17 0.42 0.19 0.49 0.24 0.06 -0.15 -0.50 -0.497
Sustainable Growth Rate 12.0% 11.5% 15.9% 18.7% 40.5% 37.7% 31.8% 26.0% 7.5% 13.1% 19.1% 20.1% 29.9% 27.7% 21.0% 10.9% 8.3% 12.2% 26.9% 99.5% 99.50%
Internal Growth Rate 3.4% 3.3% 6.1% 4.6% 14.7% 14.5% 16.8% 10.6% -1.5% -1.2% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% -1.2% -1.3% 7.5% 20.1% 1.5% 1.52%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.76 1.48 0.38 0.88 1.31 0.27 0.73 -0.85 -0.01 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.22 1.16 1.20 0.14 0.140
FCF/OCF 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.30 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.76 -0.53 -0.532
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.075
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.095
CapEx/Revenue 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 8.6% 11.1% 11.10%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 13.095
Accruals Ratio 0.09 -0.16 0.27 0.03 -0.13 0.32 0.16 0.79 3.75 6.71 11.24 12.75 16.17 14.81 12.11 6.67 4.16 -0.14 -0.17 0.94 0.941
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.209
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.212
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.250
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
Dividend Yield 24.3% 28.3% 25.9% 20.2% 14.2% 16.5% 18.5% 20.2% 22.5% 20.0% 14.8% 14.6% 16.6% 20.8% 27.6% 28.9% 43.5% 35.5% 32.2% 84.9% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.11 $0.11 $0.11 $0.12 $0.10 $0.11 $0.12 $0.13 $0.16 $0.18 $0.21 $0.25 $0.33 $0.34 $0.33 $0.33 $0.20 $0.17 $0.14 $0.10 $0.00
Payout Ratio 91.2% 90.5% 86.6% 83.8% 69.7% 71.2% 74.7% 77.7% 14.6% 8.7% 7.0% 6.2% 8.3% 8.7% 11.0% 15.8% 17.7% 92.4% 80.2% 44.8% 44.83%
FCF Payout Ratio 1.2% 61.3% 2.3% 95.3% 53.2% 2.6% 1.0% — — 3.1% 1.1% 1.0% 1.3% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 82.5% 80.1% 87.5% — —
Total Payout Ratio 1.0% 1.1% 1.0% 95.6% 78.3% 75.1% 78.2% 81.7% 15.1% 8.9% 7.2% 7.4% 9.5% 9.9% 12.6% 15.8% 17.7% 92.4% 80.2% 44.8% 44.83%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number 0.98 0.86 0.70 0.63 0.09 0.18 0.26 0.28 0.82 0.84 0.92 1.12 1.20 1.15 0.88 0.67 0.05 -0.14 -0.26 0.16 0.159
Buyback Yield 2.5% 4.6% 4.2% 2.8% 1.8% 0.9% 0.9% 1.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.4% 2.9% 2.5% 2.9% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 2.5% 4.6% 4.2% 2.8% 1.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.0% -0.5% -0.5% -0.4% -0.3% -0.2% -0.1% -0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 26.8% 32.9% 30.1% 23.0% 16.0% 17.4% 19.3% 20.2% 22.1% 19.5% 14.4% 14.3% 16.5% 20.6% 27.5% 28.9% 43.5% 35.5% 32.2% 84.9% 84.90%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.81 7.32 19.69 55.64 683365190.96 662040195.20 692888578.12 44.86 13.85 6.21 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.748
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.50 0.50 0.58 0.69 0.83 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.77 0.49 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.53 0.65 0.89 0.88 0.91 0.911
EBIT Margin 0.89 0.88 0.76 0.65 0.55 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.45 0.76 0.760
Asset Turnover 1.06 0.95 1.22 0.75 1.16 1.21 1.58 1.21 1.56 1.71 2.16 2.07 2.70 2.46 2.66 2.15 2.66 2.80 2.79 2.11 2.113
Equity Multiplier 3.65 3.64 2.76 4.25 3.17 2.98 2.21 2.72 2.35 2.07 1.71 1.58 1.89 1.89 1.75 1.66 1.89 1.75 1.61 1.65 1.648
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.12 $0.12 $0.13 $0.14 $0.15 $0.15 $0.16 $0.16 $1.13 $2.09 $3.04 $3.98 $3.94 $3.97 $3.04 $2.12 $1.14 $0.19 $0.17 $0.23 $0.23
Book Value/Share $0.09 $0.10 $0.11 $0.12 $0.13 $0.14 $0.15 $0.15 $0.13 $0.15 $0.15 $0.22 $0.12 $0.11 $0.11 $0.11 $0.11 $0.13 $0.15 $0.15 $0.15
Tangible Book/Share $0.08 $0.09 $0.10 $0.11 $0.12 $0.13 $0.14 $0.14 $0.11 $0.14 $0.13 $0.20 $0.10 $0.09 $0.09 $0.09 $0.10 $0.12 $0.14 $0.14 $0.14
Revenue/Share $0.34 $0.34 $0.36 $0.38 $0.40 $0.42 $0.44 $0.46 $0.47 $0.52 $0.55 $0.61 $0.62 $0.61 $0.60 $0.58 $0.57 $0.58 $0.58 $0.45 $0.28
FCF/Share $0.09 $0.18 $0.05 $0.12 $0.19 $0.04 $0.12 $-0.14 $-0.01 $0.06 $0.20 $0.24 $0.24 $0.32 $0.30 $0.31 $0.25 $0.22 $0.16 $-0.02 $0.09
OCF/Share $0.09 $0.18 $0.05 $0.12 $0.19 $0.04 $0.12 $-0.14 $-0.01 $0.06 $0.20 $0.24 $0.25 $0.32 $0.30 $0.31 $0.25 $0.22 $0.21 $0.03 $0.09
Cash/Share $0.22 $0.27 $0.12 $0.39 $0.30 $0.20 $0.11 $0.12 $0.12 $0.07 $0.09 $0.16 $0.08 $0.09 $0.10 $0.13 $0.12 $0.13 $0.16 $0.16 $0.16
EBITDA/Share $0.15 $0.15 $0.12 $0.08 $0.04 $0.00 $0.00 $0.06 $0.07 $0.08 $0.10 $0.06 $0.06 $0.06 $0.12 $0.18 $0.23 $0.28 $0.27 $0.34 $0.34
Debt/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.01 $0.01 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Net Debt/Share $-0.22 $-0.27 $-0.12 $-0.39 $-0.30 $-0.20 $-0.11 $-0.11 $-0.12 $-0.07 $-0.08 $-0.16 $-0.08 $-0.09 $-0.09 $-0.12 $-0.12 $-0.13 $-0.16 $-0.16 $-0.16
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
Altman-B Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 50.124
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 14.376
Piotroski F-Score 6 4 5 6 6 6 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 7 5 5 5 6 5 5 5
Beneish M-Score -2.29 -3.07 -0.61 -2.11 -2.84 -0.61 -1.62 3.40 22.58 30.75 48.96 50.08 69.14 82.67 55.47 28.17 9.91 -11.19 -2.93 1.81 1.814
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 36.42%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-0.07
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'15 Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q4'25 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA
Credit Score 88.57 84.36 89.00 86.88 89.00 88.29 89.00 84.26 90.42 97.33 97.17 96.92 96.94 97.16 97.36 97.38 97.37 97.41 97.10 85.81 85.814
Credit Grade snapshot only 3
Credit Trend snapshot only -11.570
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 80.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 83
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 81

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