— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: KESKOB.HE (HEL) · $vol 15M · KESKBH.XD (DXE) · $vol 4M · KESKOA.HE (HEL) · $vol 1M · KKOYY (OTC) · $vol 0M

KKOYF OTC

Kesko Oyj
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.0% YTD: +17.4% 1Y: +17.4% 3Y: +40.0% 5Y: -32.6%
$23.98
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Consumer Defensive · Grocery Stores · Tech Score Neutral · Power 54 · $6.5B mcap · 263M float · 0.0000% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade C
Profitability
25
Balance Sheet
41
Earnings Quality
75
Growth
52
Value
—
Momentum
80
Safety
—
Cash Flow
38

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-0.58
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-6.60
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BB+
Score: 49.7/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.44x
Accruals: -6.5%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. KKOYF scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. KKOYF's score of -0.58 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. KKOYF's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. KKOYF receives an estimated rating of BB+ (score: 49.7/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). KKOYF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
20.95x
PEG
1.99x
P/S
0.68x
P/B
3.31x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$12.53
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 21.0x earnings, KKOYF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $12.53 per share, 91% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.790
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.810
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.051
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.395
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.574
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
16.2%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. KKOYF's ROE of 16.2% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.57x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
10.22%
Fair P/E
28.93x
Intrinsic Value
$30.39
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with KKOYF's realized 10.2% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. KKOYF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $30.39, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 28.9x compares to the current market P/E of 21.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$23.98
Median 1Y
$20.84
5th Pctile
$11.51
95th Pctile
$37.90
Ann. Volatility
37.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 23.9% 24.2% 24.2% 26.9% 25.4% 23.1% 23.7% 23.1% 19.9% 18.0% 20.0% 17.2% 15.9% 13.8% 15.2% 15.1% 14.3% 14.7% 16.4% 16.2% 16.19%
ROA 7.6% 8.4% 8.5% 8.4% 8.6% 8.4% 7.9% 7.3% 6.9% 6.5% 6.0% 5.2% 5.2% 4.7% 4.4% 4.4% 4.4% 4.7% 4.6% 4.5% 4.53%
ROIC 13.5% 14.0% 13.8% 14.6% 14.3% 13.5% 13.2% 12.0% 11.2% 10.6% 10.3% 9.3% 9.1% 8.2% 7.8% 8.0% 7.7% 7.9% 8.0% 8.1% 8.10%
ROCE 16.8% 17.8% 17.7% 19.1% 18.4% 17.8% 18.8% 16.4% 15.2% 13.7% 14.2% 12.8% 12.4% 11.4% 11.5% 11.5% 11.1% 10.6% 11.1% 10.9% 10.94%
Gross Margin 14.5% 15.4% 14.3% 15.0% 14.7% 15.0% 13.9% 14.3% 14.2% 14.6% 1.2% 14.5% 14.4% 15.0% 14.2% 14.5% 3.4% 14.8% 1.2% 2.9% 2.89%
Operating Margin 8.1% 7.1% 5.3% 7.7% 8.1% 6.4% 4.3% 6.6% 7.0% 5.5% 3.6% 4.9% 6.7% 4.0% 3.2% 5.6% 6.2% 4.6% 3.4% 5.6% 5.58%
Net Margin 5.9% 5.6% 3.8% 5.8% 6.2% 4.7% 3.0% 4.8% 5.0% 3.9% 2.2% 3.4% 4.6% 2.5% 1.7% 3.7% 4.3% 3.1% 1.7% 3.8% 3.79%
EBITDA Margin 12.4% 11.7% 9.8% 11.7% 12.4% 10.8% 9.0% 11.1% 11.8% 10.5% 8.7% 10.2% 11.6% 7.1% 8.5% 10.2% 10.7% 10.2% 8.3% 10.0% 9.98%
FCF Margin 10.0% 7.7% 6.4% 5.2% 4.8% 4.8% 3.0% 2.9% 3.3% 3.1% 3.4% 3.8% 4.0% 4.9% 6.3% 7.3% 6.1% 4.9% 4.7% 4.1% 4.14%
OCF Margin 10.7% 10.2% 9.3% 8.5% 7.9% 7.7% 7.3% 7.5% 8.2% 8.9% 9.7% 9.9% 8.9% 8.5% 7.3% 7.3% 7.2% 7.1% 7.7% 7.9% 7.92%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 15.99%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 19.28%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.56%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.86%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 7.95%
Cash ROA snapshot only 10.68%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 16.29%
CROIC snapshot only 8.52%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 3.94%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 4.11%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 3.85%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 20.952
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.681
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.309
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.990
Graham Number snapshot only $12.53
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.98 0.98 1.02 0.92 0.97 1.00 0.84 0.93 0.95 1.02 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.97 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.97 0.87 0.90 0.903
Quick Ratio 0.66 0.63 0.64 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.46 0.55 0.55 0.59 0.47 0.53 0.52 0.60 0.48 0.51 0.51 0.54 0.49 0.55 0.549
Debt/Equity 1.04 0.91 0.90 1.05 0.93 0.88 1.13 1.18 1.03 1.01 1.28 1.30 1.17 1.25 1.46 1.44 1.32 1.28 1.54 1.51 1.511
Net Debt/Equity 0.81 0.75 0.78 0.90 0.81 0.77 1.06 1.07 0.97 0.93 1.22 1.16 1.09 1.07 1.40 1.36 1.28 1.22 1.48 1.37 1.369
Debt/Assets 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.34 0.37 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.418
Debt/EBITDA 2.00 1.80 1.81 1.89 1.82 1.83 2.01 2.25 2.15 2.23 2.46 2.67 2.54 3.02 3.17 3.22 3.15 2.88 3.11 3.16 3.165
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.56 1.49 1.57 1.63 1.58 1.59 1.89 2.04 2.01 2.04 2.35 2.38 2.36 2.59 3.04 3.05 3.07 2.75 2.98 2.87 2.867
Interest Coverage 9.97 10.34 10.93 11.67 12.08 11.41 10.57 9.36 8.07 7.06 6.40 5.51 5.14 4.93 4.64 4.66 4.59 4.60 4.60 4.56 4.565
Equity Multiplier 3.03 2.75 2.75 3.15 2.86 2.73 3.28 3.19 2.94 2.81 3.40 3.38 3.13 3.11 3.53 3.53 3.29 3.15 3.67 3.61 3.612
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.105
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 8.821
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.094
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.134
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.61 1.66 1.63 1.59 1.60 1.64 1.60 1.55 1.56 1.55 1.48 1.43 1.47 1.47 1.43 1.39 1.44 1.44 1.42 1.39 1.395
Inventory Turnover 11.10 21.68 10.09 10.02 10.16 10.05 9.04 9.11 9.13 9.22 8.68 9.19 9.35 9.70 8.64 8.87 9.40 9.59 9.21 9.69 9.688
Receivables Turnover 11.79 13.41 11.33 10.06 11.35 12.57 10.83 10.15 11.10 12.15 10.57 9.99 10.84 12.36 10.92 10.13 10.90 12.65 11.14 10.43 10.433
Payables Turnover 7.40 7.96 7.03 6.48 6.75 7.11 6.59 6.46 6.65 6.93 6.70 6.71 6.93 7.47 6.74 6.54 7.14 7.90 7.47 7.47 7.471
DSO 31 27 32 36 32 29 34 36 33 30 35 37 34 30 33 36 33 29 33 35 35.0 days
DIO 33 17 36 36 36 36 40 40 40 40 42 40 39 38 42 41 39 38 40 38 37.7 days
DPO 49 46 52 56 54 51 55 57 55 53 54 54 53 49 54 56 51 46 49 49 48.9 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 14 -2 17 16 14 14 19 20 18 17 22 22 20 18 22 21 21 21 23 24 23.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.643
Operating Cycle snapshot only 72.7 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 34.275
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.742
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3.3% 5.9% 7.5% 6.9% 5.4% 4.5% 4.0% 2.9% 1.4% -0.2% -1.8% -1.9% -0.7% 1.2% 2.3% 3.2% 4.3% 4.7% 5.9% 6.6% 6.58%
Net Income 27.5% 31.9% 25.0% 13.1% 20.2% 6.7% -1.0% -8.7% -16.8% -18.7% -20.0% -23.9% -20.4% -23.5% -22.2% -11.2% -9.0% 6.6% 10.9% 10.3% 10.27%
EPS 27.4% 31.8% 24.9% 12.9% 20.1% 7.3% -1.1% -8.8% -16.8% -19.3% -20.1% -23.9% -20.5% -23.5% -22.3% -11.2% -9.0% 6.6% 10.9% 10.2% 10.22%
FCF 1.8% -8.6% -27.9% -36.3% -49.9% -35.1% -51.0% -42.3% -29.7% -34.2% 8.9% 26.2% 20.6% 56.8% 90.7% 1.0% 58.5% 5.0% -20.2% -39.8% -39.76%
EBITDA 12.0% 14.6% 12.3% 8.3% 9.4% 3.6% 0.5% -2.2% -5.0% -5.3% -5.7% -6.3% -4.3% -10.3% -9.4% -6.7% -7.3% 10.3% 11.5% 11.7% 11.68%
Op. Income 26.8% 29.2% 23.7% 15.4% 14.4% 5.3% -1.2% -7.5% -12.5% -14.8% -15.3% -18.8% -15.4% -17.1% -15.9% -4.7% -4.2% 7.0% 11.3% 8.4% 8.36%
OCF Growth snapshot only 15.16%
Asset Growth snapshot only 7.09%
Equity Growth snapshot only 4.75%
Debt Growth snapshot only 9.89%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.05%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -8.95%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 2.4% 2.9% 3.4% 3.4% 3.2% 3.3% 3.2% 3.1% 3.4% 3.4% 3.2% 2.6% 2.0% 1.8% 1.5% 1.4% 1.7% 1.9% 2.1% 2.6% 2.59%
Revenue 5Y 3.0% 2.1% 1.3% 1.1% 1.6% 2.0% 2.6% 2.9% 2.8% 2.6% 2.5% 2.2% 2.1% 2.1% 2.0% 2.1% 2.7% 3.2% 3.5% 3.5% 3.50%
EPS 3Y 52.4% 53.5% 49.7% 34.6% 27.9% 21.8% 19.3% 17.4% 8.4% 4.5% -0.4% -7.8% -7.4% -12.9% -15.0% -14.9% -15.6% -13.0% -11.7% -9.4% -9.38%
EPS 5Y 27.0% 42.7% 46.1% 29.2% 29.1% 19.0% 19.1% 31.8% 28.7% 25.6% 21.5% 11.1% 6.7% 2.2% 1.1% 1.8% -1.6% -1.4% -3.2% -5.2% -5.17%
Net Income 3Y 52.2% 53.6% 49.9% 34.8% 28.0% 21.6% 19.4% 17.5% 8.5% 4.6% -0.4% -7.7% -7.3% -12.8% -14.9% -14.9% -15.5% -12.8% -11.6% -9.3% -9.33%
Net Income 5Y 26.8% 42.1% 46.1% 29.2% 29.1% 18.8% 19.0% 31.8% 28.7% 25.7% 21.6% 11.2% 6.8% 2.3% 1.1% 1.9% -1.6% -1.4% -3.1% -5.1% -5.10%
EBITDA 3Y 38.5% 41.2% 33.1% 24.1% 16.3% 10.1% 9.3% 7.7% 5.2% 4.0% 2.1% -0.3% -0.2% -4.2% -4.9% -5.1% -5.5% -2.1% -1.6% -0.8% -0.79%
EBITDA 5Y 26.4% 32.3% 33.5% 28.0% 27.8% 21.7% 20.9% 23.9% 22.5% 22.6% 17.5% 11.9% 7.4% 2.5% 2.2% 1.8% 0.6% 2.2% 1.5% 0.7% 0.68%
Gross Profit 3Y 5.1% 5.8% 6.2% 5.7% 5.1% 4.4% 3.9% 3.3% 3.5% 3.5% -4.6% -5.2% -5.8% -5.9% 1.1% 0.8% -6.3% -5.8% -14.6% -25.1% -25.12%
Gross Profit 5Y 3.8% 2.4% 1.4% 1.4% 2.2% 2.9% 3.8% 4.4% 4.3% 3.8% -1.3% -1.9% -2.2% -2.2% 2.3% 2.3% -1.4% -0.8% -6.4% -14.1% -14.13%
Op. Income 3Y 36.5% 35.9% 35.5% 31.6% 27.6% 22.2% 19.8% 15.4% 8.3% 5.0% 1.2% -4.6% -5.4% -9.4% -11.1% -10.5% -10.8% -8.9% -7.5% -5.7% -5.68%
Op. Income 5Y 26.2% 39.5% 44.0% 31.0% 29.5% 20.3% 18.2% 22.7% 20.5% 17.6% 15.8% 11.4% 9.0% 5.2% 4.1% 3.5% 0.6% 0.5% -0.6% -2.2% -2.17%
FCF 3Y — 1.4% 89.8% — 1.1% 1.3% 1.6% -9.7% -0.5% -26.9% -27.3% -22.6% -24.8% -12.5% 0.6% 13.4% 10.4% 2.7% 18.3% 15.1% 15.06%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — 43.0% 29.5% — 53.0% 64.4% 1.1% 13.2% 13.5% -8.5% -10.2% -11.0% -10.96%
OCF 3Y 43.6% 40.6% 28.5% 13.6% 7.0% 0.7% 0.0% -4.3% -4.6% -3.1% -1.1% 1.9% -4.1% -4.3% -6.6% -3.4% -1.2% -1.3% 4.1% 4.5% 4.50%
OCF 5Y 44.9% 46.4% 38.4% 29.3% 25.6% 24.8% 15.1% 17.8% 19.2% 20.4% 17.7% 11.5% 6.9% 2.4% 0.0% -2.8% -4.5% -5.3% -3.5% -1.4% -1.43%
Assets 3Y 16.4% 17.4% 3.7% 2.6% 2.4% 2.7% 3.2% 3.1% 5.2% 5.3% 6.1% 6.2% 5.0% 6.7% 5.9% 5.8% 5.6% 5.7% 6.5% 6.6% 6.62%
Assets 5Y 9.4% 9.6% 9.4% 10.9% 10.9% 10.8% 10.0% 11.8% 11.5% 12.5% 4.5% 3.9% 3.3% 4.2% 4.3% 4.4% 5.9% 5.8% 6.4% 6.3% 6.26%
Equity 3Y 4.4% 6.7% 10.4% 9.4% 10.4% 10.6% 5.5% 10.0% 8.8% 8.0% 1.3% 4.8% 3.9% 2.5% -2.6% 1.8% 0.8% 0.7% 2.6% 2.3% 2.33%
Book Value 3Y 4.5% 6.6% 10.3% 9.3% 10.3% 10.8% 5.4% 9.9% 8.7% 7.9% 1.2% 4.7% 3.9% 2.4% -2.6% 1.8% 0.7% 0.4% 2.5% 2.3% 2.28%
Dividend 3Y 5.1% 5.9% 5.9% 7.6% 17.8% 11.1% 12.2% 7.5% -1.8% 1.8% 0.6% -8.0% -8.8% -9.4% -1.9% 5.7% 5.6% 4.7% -4.1% -3.1% -3.11%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.97 0.84 0.32 0.26 0.53 0.67 0.78 0.91 0.96 0.91 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.91 0.84 0.84 0.88 0.90 0.87 0.88 0.875
Earnings Stability 0.86 0.87 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.83 0.72 0.61 0.37 0.23 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.23 0.44 0.69 0.686
Margin Stability 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.68 0.681
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.89 0.87 0.90 0.95 0.92 0.97 1.00 0.97 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.959
Earnings Smoothness 0.76 0.72 0.78 0.88 0.82 0.94 0.99 0.91 0.82 0.79 0.78 0.73 0.77 0.73 0.75 0.88 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.902
ROE Trend 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.07 -0.06 -0.06 -0.08 -0.05 -0.04 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.003
Gross Margin Trend 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.04 -0.07 -0.073
FCF Margin Trend 0.08 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.014
Sustainable Growth Rate 11.4% 11.6% 12.1% 11.9% 7.3% 7.7% 6.8% 5.6% 3.7% 2.4% 1.8% 3.8% 3.5% 2.1% -1.6% -0.6% -0.1% 1.2% 1.9% 2.3% 2.29%
Internal Growth Rate 3.8% 4.2% 4.4% 3.9% 2.5% 2.9% 2.3% 1.8% 1.3% 0.9% 0.5% 1.2% 1.2% 0.7% — — — 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.65%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 2.27 2.01 1.79 1.60 1.46 1.50 1.48 1.59 1.85 2.12 2.40 2.71 2.52 2.66 2.37 2.34 2.34 2.18 2.41 2.44 2.439
FCF/OCF 0.93 0.75 0.69 0.62 0.60 0.61 0.42 0.39 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.45 0.58 0.86 1.00 0.84 0.69 0.61 0.52 0.523
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.276
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.808
CapEx/Revenue 0.7% 2.5% 2.9% 3.3% 3.1% 3.0% 4.3% 4.6% 4.9% 5.8% 6.3% 6.1% 5.8% 4.5% 1.9% 0.9% 1.1% 2.2% 3.0% 3.8% 3.78%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.800
Accruals Ratio -0.10 -0.09 -0.07 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.09 -0.08 -0.08 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.07 -0.065
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.061
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.207
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.09%
Dividend/Share $0.69 $0.75 $0.75 $0.86 $1.13 $1.03 $1.06 $1.07 $1.07 $1.08 $1.08 $0.84 $0.82 $0.81 $1.02 $0.99 $0.96 $0.93 $0.90 $0.90 $0.90
Payout Ratio 52.3% 52.1% 49.9% 55.7% 71.3% 66.7% 71.3% 75.9% 81.4% 86.8% 91.0% 77.9% 77.8% 84.5% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 91.7% 88.2% 85.8% 85.83%
FCF Payout Ratio 24.7% 34.3% 40.4% 56.4% 80.8% 72.3% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 75.3% 68.9% 55.2% 54.1% 44.5% 51.2% 60.8% 59.9% 67.3% 67.27%
Total Payout Ratio 52.3% 52.1% 49.9% 55.7% 71.3% 66.7% 71.3% 75.9% 81.4% 86.8% 91.0% 77.9% 77.8% 84.5% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 91.7% 88.2% 85.8% 85.83%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.790
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.80 0.79 0.81 0.810
EBIT Margin 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.051
Asset Turnover 1.61 1.66 1.63 1.59 1.60 1.64 1.60 1.55 1.56 1.55 1.48 1.43 1.47 1.47 1.43 1.39 1.44 1.44 1.42 1.39 1.395
Equity Multiplier 3.14 2.88 2.85 3.20 2.94 2.74 3.00 3.17 2.90 2.77 3.34 3.29 3.04 2.96 3.47 3.46 3.21 3.13 3.60 3.57 3.574
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.32 $1.44 $1.50 $1.55 $1.59 $1.54 $1.49 $1.41 $1.32 $1.25 $1.19 $1.07 $1.05 $0.95 $0.92 $0.95 $0.95 $1.02 $1.02 $1.05 $1.05
Book Value/Share $5.90 $6.37 $6.65 $6.02 $6.61 $6.95 $5.88 $6.21 $6.62 $6.93 $5.99 $6.27 $6.61 $6.84 $6.14 $6.34 $6.75 $7.03 $6.34 $6.64 $6.72
Tangible Book/Share $3.95 $4.41 $4.65 $4.05 $4.63 $4.97 $3.75 $4.09 $4.45 $4.75 $3.66 $3.93 $4.28 $4.64 $3.83 $3.93 $4.38 $4.68 $3.96 $4.30 $4.30
Revenue/Share $27.94 $28.46 $28.88 $29.16 $29.43 $29.91 $30.01 $29.99 $29.84 $29.62 $29.45 $29.42 $29.61 $29.96 $30.12 $30.36 $30.87 $31.35 $31.88 $32.34 $32.31
FCF/Share $2.79 $2.18 $1.86 $1.53 $1.40 $1.43 $0.91 $0.88 $0.98 $0.93 $0.99 $1.11 $1.18 $1.46 $1.89 $2.23 $1.88 $1.53 $1.50 $1.34 $1.34
OCF/Share $3.00 $2.90 $2.69 $2.48 $2.32 $2.32 $2.19 $2.25 $2.44 $2.64 $2.85 $2.91 $2.64 $2.53 $2.19 $2.23 $2.23 $2.21 $2.47 $2.56 $2.56
Cash/Share $1.33 $0.98 $0.80 $0.87 $0.79 $0.80 $0.40 $0.68 $0.43 $0.57 $0.36 $0.89 $0.55 $1.23 $0.37 $0.48 $0.25 $0.42 $0.43 $0.94 $0.94
EBITDA/Share $3.07 $3.21 $3.29 $3.33 $3.36 $3.35 $3.30 $3.25 $3.19 $3.15 $3.11 $3.05 $3.05 $2.82 $2.82 $2.84 $2.83 $3.11 $3.14 $3.17 $3.17
Debt/Share $6.13 $5.78 $5.96 $6.30 $6.11 $6.12 $6.64 $7.30 $6.85 $7.01 $7.67 $8.14 $7.76 $8.54 $8.95 $9.13 $8.91 $8.97 $9.78 $10.03 $10.03
Net Debt/Share $4.81 $4.80 $5.16 $5.43 $5.32 $5.33 $6.24 $6.62 $6.42 $6.44 $7.30 $7.25 $7.21 $7.31 $8.58 $8.66 $8.67 $8.56 $9.35 $9.09 $9.09
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 8 7 7 7 8 4 5 3 4 3 4 4 4 5 6 5 5 6 6 6
Beneish M-Score -3.73 -2.65 -3.67 -2.64 -2.64 -2.58 -2.56 -3.53 -2.73 -2.74 2.84 -2.28 -2.85 -3.12 -3.07 -2.55 -0.73 -2.25 2.85 -0.58 -0.579
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -6.596
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 14.44%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-9.16
EVA snapshot only $-118979216.49
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BB+
Credit Score 68.50 72.50 72.50 63.35 64.85 64.85 59.75 58.45 58.45 59.80 54.75 55.95 55.95 50.70 49.80 51.00 51.60 51.60 48.50 49.70 49.700
Credit Grade snapshot only 11
Credit Trend snapshot only -1.300
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 400.000

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