— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: MRK.DE (XETRA) · $vol 47M · MKKGY (OTC) · $vol 2M

MKGAF OTC

Merck KGaA
1W: -2.0% 1M: -4.6% 3M: -6.0% YTD: +5.3% 1Y: +9.2% 3Y: -0.3% 5Y: -28.8%
$156.24
+6.53 (+4.36%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±7.3%
$133 $145 $156 $168 $179
OTC · Healthcare · Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Generic · Tech Score Neutral · Power 48 · $67.9B mcap · 435M float · 0.0001% daily turnover · Short 29% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. MKGAF receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-09-29 B+ B
2026-09-02 B B+
2026-09-01 B+ B
2026-08-21 B B+
2026-08-19 B+ B
2026-08-14 B B+
2026-08-13 B+ B
2026-07-25 A- B+
2026-07-22 B+ A-
2026-07-16 A- B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
49
Balance Sheet
66
Earnings Quality
68
Growth
26
Value
—
Momentum
60
Safety
—
Cash Flow
68

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.50
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-9.34
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 70.3/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.90x
Accruals: -4.3%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. MKGAF scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. MKGAF's score of -2.50 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. MKGAF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. MKGAF receives an estimated rating of A (score: 70.3/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). MKGAF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
25.12x
PEG
-1.46x
P/S
2.81x
P/B
1.97x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$92.24
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 25.1x earnings, MKGAF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $92.24 per share, 69% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.782
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.688
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.208
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.423
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.712
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
8.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. MKGAF's ROE of 8.1% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.423), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$46.39
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with MKGAF's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. MKGAF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $46.39, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 25.1x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$156.24
Median 1Y
$152.45
5th Pctile
$74.77
95th Pctile
$310.84
Ann. Volatility
43.6%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 14.0% 16.0% 15.2% 14.6% 14.2% 14.1% 13.2% 11.7% 10.2% 10.7% 10.1% 9.5% 9.5% 9.8% 9.7% 10.1% 9.5% 8.9% 8.5% 8.1% 8.13%
ROA 6.2% 7.0% 7.1% 7.2% 7.3% 7.1% 6.8% 6.3% 5.7% 5.8% 5.5% 5.3% 5.4% 5.6% 5.7% 5.9% 5.4% 5.0% 4.9% 4.7% 4.75%
ROIC 9.7% 10.7% 10.5% 9.6% 9.7% 10.0% 9.7% 9.0% 8.4% 9.1% 8.7% 8.1% 8.5% 8.0% 10.4% 8.0% 6.9% 8.1% 8.1% 8.1% 8.09%
ROCE 11.4% 12.2% 12.3% 11.5% 11.3% 11.6% 11.3% 10.6% 9.7% 9.6% 9.4% 8.8% 9.2% 9.5% 9.8% 10.5% 8.6% 9.7% 9.5% 9.9% 9.91%
Gross Margin 62.6% 62.4% 61.8% 62.1% 63.0% 59.6% 62.7% 59.7% 58.2% 55.5% 58.8% 60.4% 59.7% 57.2% 59.6% 57.6% 60.4% 56.4% 59.7% 58.3% 58.26%
Operating Margin 21.1% 19.9% 22.6% 21.1% 21.3% 15.7% 19.6% 18.3% 19.0% 15.9% 21.0% 14.8% 20.8% 15.2% 19.1% 17.0% 23.0% 14.9% 19.3% 21.5% 21.51%
Net Margin 15.3% 15.4% 16.9% 15.6% 15.9% 11.6% 15.0% 13.3% 14.3% 11.2% 13.6% 11.3% 15.4% 12.3% 13.9% 12.4% 17.0% 6.1% 12.9% 9.0% 9.02%
EBITDA Margin 30.1% 27.9% 31.4% 31.2% 29.7% 23.4% 29.0% 28.8% 28.1% 22.7% 29.8% 28.7% 30.0% 26.2% 28.5% 26.0% 37.6% 32.2% 29.0% 31.9% 31.87%
FCF Margin 15.8% 16.2% 13.2% 12.5% 12.6% 11.0% 10.3% 9.3% 8.3% 9.4% 8.8% 9.2% 9.7% 9.8% 9.6% 8.4% 10.4% 11.2% 12.9% 13.8% 13.83%
OCF Margin 25.5% 23.4% 20.9% 20.1% 19.7% 19.2% 19.1% 18.3% 17.5% 18.0% 19.0% 20.1% 21.0% 21.7% 19.3% 18.0% 19.4% 19.9% 21.3% 21.3% 21.27%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.07%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 10.30%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.27%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.49%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 7.80%
Cash ROA snapshot only 8.55%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 11.12%
CROIC snapshot only 7.23%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 15.49%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 14.35%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 13.16%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 27.44%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 25.119
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.814
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.973
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $92.24
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.05 1.05 1.09 1.28 1.38 1.28 1.36 1.47 1.56 1.42 1.29 1.31 1.33 1.19 1.31 1.24 1.49 1.46 1.51 1.69 1.695
Quick Ratio 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.82 0.86 0.80 0.84 0.91 0.99 0.89 0.82 0.84 0.91 0.79 0.83 0.78 1.05 0.96 1.00 1.09 1.093
Debt/Equity 0.53 0.50 0.46 0.45 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.34 0.00 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.40 0.41 0.408
Net Debt/Equity 0.45 0.43 0.40 0.39 0.32 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.25 -0.05 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.28 0.34 0.343
Debt/Assets 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.20 0.00 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.233
Debt/EBITDA 1.94 1.80 1.73 1.87 1.69 1.62 1.68 1.83 1.88 1.74 1.75 1.88 1.95 1.69 0.00 1.89 2.26 1.82 1.84 1.78 1.776
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.65 1.53 1.49 1.60 1.39 1.36 1.41 1.52 1.43 1.32 1.36 1.39 1.29 1.25 -0.27 1.62 1.79 1.41 1.27 1.49 1.494
Interest Coverage 11.76 14.55 16.14 18.19 18.90 20.21 19.64 14.52 13.41 11.34 10.74 13.12 13.29 13.03 13.06 12.92 11.75 9.83 9.17 8.64 8.644
Equity Multiplier 2.13 2.13 2.02 1.88 1.80 1.87 1.86 1.83 1.77 1.82 1.77 1.75 1.77 1.72 1.66 1.68 1.76 1.82 1.78 1.75 1.746
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.241
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 13.561
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.159
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.238
Defensive Interval snapshot only 303.2 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.45 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.423
Inventory Turnover 2.00 2.04 2.00 1.97 1.90 2.00 1.88 1.80 1.74 1.86 1.82 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.88 1.92 1.97 1.94 1.87 1.87 1.869
Receivables Turnover 5.27 5.67 5.20 5.19 5.38 5.66 5.31 5.12 5.02 5.24 4.95 4.93 5.12 5.41 5.02 5.00 4.69 5.28 4.77 4.82 4.819
Payables Turnover 3.77 5.58 3.01 3.47 3.58 5.43 3.64 3.52 3.65 5.11 3.96 3.85 4.14 5.30 4.16 4.31 4.53 5.99 4.11 4.34 4.340
DSO 69 64 70 70 68 65 69 71 73 70 74 74 71 67 73 73 78 69 77 76 75.7 days
DIO 182 179 182 185 192 183 194 202 210 197 201 203 197 192 194 190 185 189 195 195 195.3 days
DPO 97 65 121 105 102 67 100 104 100 71 92 95 88 69 88 85 81 61 89 84 84.1 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 155 177 131 150 158 180 162 170 182 195 182 183 180 191 179 179 182 197 183 187 187.0 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.106
Operating Cycle snapshot only 271.1 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 10.832
Capital Intensity snapshot only 2.488
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 10.1% 12.3% 13.8% 13.0% 14.2% 12.9% 10.2% 5.3% -1.6% -5.6% -6.7% -5.4% -2.2% 0.8% 2.4% 1.7% 1.5% -0.3% -1.6% -0.4% -0.35%
Net Income 43.9% 53.7% 39.9% 21.1% 29.1% 8.8% 1.7% -7.0% -16.6% -15.0% -16.0% -14.7% -6.8% -1.7% 3.5% 9.0% 9.6% -6.1% -10.0% -17.1% -17.13%
EPS 44.0% 53.8% 39.5% 21.1% 29.0% 8.8% 1.9% -7.0% -16.5% -15.0% -16.0% -14.7% -6.8% -1.7% 3.5% 9.0% 9.4% -6.1% -10.0% -17.1% -17.13%
FCF 81.1% 67.0% 2.8% -11.8% -9.1% -23.4% -14.0% -21.5% -35.4% -19.7% -20.8% -7.0% 14.1% 5.3% 11.5% -6.9% 9.5% 14.2% 32.4% 64.1% 64.14%
EBITDA 14.2% 20.9% 17.0% 9.5% 15.9% 7.1% 2.6% -3.4% -10.8% -11.2% -9.8% -6.5% -0.1% 6.4% 6.1% 2.9% 7.9% 8.2% 8.4% 17.8% 17.78%
Op. Income 29.8% 40.0% 30.1% 14.6% 23.3% 7.1% 0.6% -7.0% -16.2% -14.7% -11.0% -10.9% -2.1% -0.8% -3.6% 3.8% 3.9% 2.9% 4.6% 9.1% 9.08%
OCF Growth snapshot only 17.97%
Asset Growth snapshot only 11.10%
Equity Growth snapshot only 6.61%
Debt Growth snapshot only 10.91%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.00%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 2.14%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 8.3% 9.4% 10.3% 10.9% 11.6% 11.2% 10.0% 9.2% 7.4% 6.2% 5.4% 4.0% 3.2% 2.4% 1.7% 0.4% -0.8% -1.7% -2.1% -1.4% -1.40%
Revenue 5Y 5.4% 5.6% 5.9% 6.5% 7.3% 7.7% 8.1% 8.0% 7.4% 6.9% 6.6% 6.3% 6.0% 5.5% 4.9% 4.6% 4.2% 3.8% 3.3% 2.7% 2.66%
EPS 3Y 11.6% -3.3% -0.1% -1.3% 0.1% 36.1% 26.8% 29.8% 15.7% 12.5% 6.1% -1.3% 0.1% -3.1% -4.0% -4.7% -5.2% -7.8% -7.9% -8.3% -8.31%
EPS 5Y 12.6% 13.4% 15.4% 14.6% 13.3% 5.0% 6.1% 6.4% 8.4% -3.5% -3.1% -5.3% -4.8% 16.1% 12.1% 15.3% 9.6% 5.6% 2.1% -2.8% -2.79%
Net Income 3Y 11.5% -3.3% -0.4% -1.3% 0.2% 36.0% 26.8% 29.8% 15.7% 12.4% 6.1% -1.3% 0.1% -3.1% -4.0% -4.7% -5.2% -7.8% -7.9% -8.3% -8.31%
Net Income 5Y 12.6% 13.4% 15.4% 14.6% 13.3% 5.0% 6.0% 6.5% 8.3% -3.5% -3.3% -5.3% -4.8% 16.0% 12.2% 15.3% 9.6% 5.6% 2.2% -2.8% -2.79%
EBITDA 3Y 16.8% 17.5% 19.4% 17.9% 17.7% 15.4% 12.2% 11.4% 5.7% 4.8% 2.7% -0.4% 1.1% 0.4% -0.6% -2.4% -1.3% 0.8% 1.2% 4.2% 4.24%
EBITDA 5Y 5.8% 6.2% 7.2% 8.1% 7.9% 8.3% 9.3% 9.4% 10.5% 9.1% 9.5% 8.1% 7.7% 7.7% 6.2% 5.9% 4.9% 5.8% 4.5% 3.7% 3.67%
Gross Profit 3Y 7.3% 8.7% 9.6% 10.3% 11.2% 10.5% 9.6% 8.8% 6.7% 5.0% 3.5% 2.0% 1.1% 0.4% -0.0% -1.6% -2.8% -3.4% -3.9% -2.8% -2.81%
Gross Profit 5Y 4.3% 4.7% 4.7% 5.2% 6.2% 6.5% 7.1% 7.0% 6.0% 5.2% 4.7% 4.6% 4.4% 4.2% 3.7% 3.4% 3.4% 2.9% 2.4% 1.6% 1.64%
Op. Income 3Y 31.7% 33.9% 39.0% 34.4% 33.4% 28.3% 20.8% 21.0% 10.3% 8.5% 5.2% -1.7% 0.4% -3.2% -4.8% -4.9% -5.2% -4.5% -3.6% 0.3% 0.30%
Op. Income 5Y 9.6% 11.0% 12.5% 12.5% 11.4% 12.1% 13.6% 15.0% 18.7% 17.0% 19.2% 15.0% 14.3% 12.3% 8.6% 10.4% 6.4% 5.5% 3.3% 1.5% 1.48%
FCF 3Y 43.4% 38.5% 25.8% 16.0% 13.4% 10.1% 10.3% 11.7% 2.1% 0.9% -11.2% -13.6% -12.5% -13.5% -8.7% -12.0% -6.9% -1.1% 5.4% 12.5% 12.47%
FCF 5Y 12.8% 13.9% 7.6% 5.8% 10.9% 12.1% 15.0% 14.5% 11.6% 10.3% 6.3% 2.7% 1.4% 2.4% 3.5% 3.8% 5.9% 4.3% 0.7% -0.3% -0.29%
OCF 3Y 31.9% 27.7% 22.1% 15.8% 13.8% 14.2% 14.0% 15.3% 9.2% 2.9% -1.7% -2.7% -3.2% -0.2% -1.1% -3.2% -1.2% -0.5% 1.4% 3.6% 3.62%
OCF 5Y 14.7% 12.9% 7.6% 5.9% 8.6% 9.6% 13.2% 13.5% 12.1% 11.3% 11.2% 9.2% 8.7% 9.9% 7.4% 7.6% 7.5% 3.8% 1.3% -0.3% -0.29%
Assets 3Y 7.0% 7.1% 6.1% 7.2% 6.6% 3.5% 2.8% 3.6% 4.9% 5.1% 4.1% 5.0% 4.6% 4.4% 2.2% -0.9% 5.5% 2.4% 3.1% 2.5% 2.55%
Assets 5Y 3.6% 3.5% 3.8% 5.8% 7.3% 6.4% 6.7% 6.4% 6.9% 5.6% 5.0% 4.7% 3.6% 3.3% 2.0% 1.6% 6.7% 4.5% 3.9% 4.0% 4.05%
Equity 3Y 10.5% 7.5% 9.1% 13.9% 15.9% 13.2% 12.1% 14.1% 16.3% 16.3% 14.0% 14.0% 11.2% 11.9% 9.2% 2.9% 6.3% 3.3% 4.5% 4.1% 4.11%
Book Value 3Y 10.6% 7.5% 9.4% 13.9% 15.8% 13.3% 12.1% 14.1% 16.4% 16.3% 13.9% 14.0% 11.2% 11.9% 9.2% 2.9% 6.3% 3.3% 4.5% 4.1% 4.11%
Dividend 3Y -30.7% 9.8% 8.3% 13.0% 12.8% 66.0% 56.6% 78.2% 78.3% 24.5% 23.7% -13.6% -13.6% -45.0% -45.0% -35.0% -35.1% -0.6% -3.3% 46.4% 46.45%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.82 0.79 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.88 0.93 0.97 0.94 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.77 0.70 0.66 0.61 0.54 0.44 0.39 0.42 0.420
Earnings Stability 0.31 0.04 0.20 0.23 0.36 0.05 0.14 0.13 0.19 0.08 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.51 0.42 0.29 0.25 0.04 0.00 0.33 0.334
Margin Stability 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.972
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.82 0.50 0.84 0.92 0.88 0.96 0.99 0.97 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.96 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.931
Earnings Smoothness 0.64 0.58 0.67 0.81 0.75 0.92 0.98 0.93 0.82 0.84 0.83 0.84 0.93 0.98 0.97 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.89 0.81 0.813
ROE Trend -0.02 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.018
Gross Margin Trend 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.003
FCF Margin Trend 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.050
Sustainable Growth Rate 12.8% 14.8% 13.9% 13.2% 12.9% 9.6% 9.0% 4.6% 3.6% 3.1% 2.7% 5.1% 5.3% 8.6% 8.6% 8.9% 8.4% 7.8% 7.5% 4.6% 4.58%
Internal Growth Rate 6.0% 6.9% 6.9% 6.9% 7.1% 5.1% 4.9% 2.5% 2.1% 1.7% 1.5% 3.0% 3.1% 5.1% 5.3% 5.5% 5.0% 4.6% 4.6% 2.7% 2.75%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.81 1.51 1.33 1.27 1.24 1.28 1.32 1.31 1.29 1.34 1.46 1.60 1.63 1.65 1.46 1.33 1.40 1.61 1.76 1.90 1.895
FCF/OCF 0.62 0.69 0.63 0.62 0.64 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.47 0.52 0.46 0.45 0.46 0.45 0.50 0.47 0.54 0.56 0.61 0.65 0.650
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.232
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.650
CapEx/Revenue 9.7% 7.2% 7.7% 7.6% 7.1% 8.2% 8.8% 9.0% 9.2% 8.7% 10.3% 11.0% 11.4% 11.9% 9.7% 9.6% 9.0% 8.7% 8.4% 7.4% 7.44%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.627
Accruals Ratio -0.05 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.043
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.016
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.723
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.61%
Dividend/Share $0.53 $0.53 $0.62 $0.76 $0.76 $2.41 $2.40 $4.30 $4.30 $4.65 $4.56 $2.77 $2.77 $0.77 $0.76 $0.76 $0.76 $0.76 $0.69 $2.38 $2.20
Payout Ratio 8.5% 7.5% 8.5% 10.0% 9.5% 31.5% 32.2% 60.7% 64.5% 71.5% 72.8% 45.8% 44.7% 12.1% 11.7% 11.5% 11.2% 12.7% 11.8% 43.7% 43.69%
FCF Payout Ratio 7.6% 7.2% 10.1% 12.6% 12.0% 42.7% 45.3% 90.9% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 63.0% 59.5% 16.2% 16.2% 18.5% 14.9% 14.0% 11.0% 35.5% 35.46%
Total Payout Ratio 8.5% 7.5% 8.5% 10.0% 9.5% 31.5% 32.2% 60.7% 64.5% 71.5% 72.8% 45.8% 44.7% 12.1% 11.7% 11.5% 11.2% 12.7% 11.8% 43.7% 43.69%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.782
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.90 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.87 0.79 0.78 0.69 0.688
EBIT Margin 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.208
Asset Turnover 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.45 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.423
Equity Multiplier 2.26 2.28 2.15 2.03 1.94 1.99 1.93 1.85 1.79 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.77 1.77 1.71 1.71 1.76 1.77 1.72 1.71 1.712
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $6.18 $7.03 $7.32 $7.61 $7.97 $7.65 $7.45 $7.08 $6.66 $6.50 $6.26 $6.04 $6.20 $6.39 $6.48 $6.58 $6.78 $6.00 $5.83 $5.46 $5.46
Book Value/Share $47.39 $49.08 $52.61 $59.70 $64.91 $59.63 $60.14 $61.41 $64.91 $61.36 $64.39 $65.66 $65.14 $68.80 $68.57 $64.99 $77.92 $65.74 $68.67 $69.29 $69.66
Tangible Book/Share $-8.49 $-7.54 $-5.49 $-1.10 $1.48 $0.49 $2.57 $4.22 $6.99 $5.25 $7.67 $9.25 $10.09 $10.30 $12.11 $12.27 $8.89 $6.89 $8.53 $9.55 $9.55
Revenue/Share $43.86 $45.28 $46.49 $48.19 $50.04 $51.13 $51.35 $50.74 $49.28 $48.28 $47.89 $48.00 $48.22 $48.66 $49.01 $48.80 $48.81 $48.53 $48.24 $48.63 $48.61
FCF/Share $6.94 $7.34 $6.15 $6.02 $6.30 $5.63 $5.31 $4.73 $4.08 $4.52 $4.20 $4.40 $4.65 $4.76 $4.69 $4.10 $5.08 $5.44 $6.21 $6.72 $6.08
OCF/Share $11.17 $10.62 $9.73 $9.67 $9.85 $9.80 $9.83 $9.30 $8.61 $8.70 $9.12 $9.67 $10.14 $10.55 $9.44 $8.77 $9.49 $9.65 $10.26 $10.34 $9.73
Cash/Share $3.83 $3.73 $3.32 $3.94 $4.48 $3.78 $3.96 $4.43 $5.94 $5.55 $5.11 $6.47 $8.88 $6.23 $3.72 $3.62 $6.71 $6.30 $8.68 $4.49 $4.50
EBITDA/Share $12.99 $13.78 $14.14 $14.55 $15.04 $14.76 $14.53 $14.05 $13.43 $13.11 $13.10 $13.13 $13.41 $13.95 $13.90 $13.51 $14.44 $15.10 $15.07 $15.91 $15.91
Debt/Share $25.22 $24.76 $24.40 $27.15 $25.38 $23.92 $24.48 $25.73 $25.20 $22.86 $22.89 $24.72 $26.20 $23.62 $0.00 $25.47 $32.60 $27.52 $27.79 $28.25 $28.25
Net Debt/Share $21.39 $21.03 $21.09 $23.21 $20.90 $20.14 $20.52 $21.29 $19.26 $17.31 $17.79 $18.25 $17.32 $17.40 $-3.72 $21.86 $25.88 $21.22 $19.11 $23.76 $23.76
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 8 9 7 8 8 8 8 7 5 6 5 6 5 6 8 6 6 5 6 7 7
Beneish M-Score -2.63 -2.51 -3.37 -2.41 -2.37 -2.43 -2.59 -2.62 -2.65 -2.59 -2.59 -2.63 -2.65 -2.64 -2.59 -2.59 -2.18 -2.53 -2.57 -2.50 -2.502
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -9.338
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 28.12%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-19.82
EVA snapshot only $-771256518.67
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A
Credit Score 66.80 66.80 68.95 71.50 71.50 72.15 72.10 69.35 70.70 69.35 69.35 69.35 69.35 68.30 70.75 68.15 69.05 66.85 70.30 70.30 70.300
Credit Grade snapshot only 6
Credit Trend snapshot only 2.150
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 150.000

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