RZC NYSE
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
1W: +1.2%
1M: -1.0%
3M: -0.5%
YTD: -0.8%
1Y: -1.2%
3Y: +10.8%
$25.30
+0.04 (+0.16%)
Weekly Expected Move ±0.9%
$25
$25
$25
$26
$26
Overview
News
Chart
Smart Money
Financials
Income Statement
Cash Flow
Balance Sheet
Earnings
Dividends
Analysis
Technicals
Weather
Peers
ESG
Institutions
ETF Exposure
Dark Pool
Short Interest
Supply Chain
Financial Rating
Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5.
RZC receives an overall rating of D+.
Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
| Date | From | To |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-07 | C- | D+ |
| 2026-08-03 | D+ | C- |
| 2026-07-30 | C- | D+ |
| 2026-07-28 | D+ | C- |
| 2026-05-08 | C+ | D+ |
| 2026-05-04 | B- | C+ |
| 2026-04-27 | C+ | B- |
| 2026-04-24 | B- | C+ |
| 2026-03-18 | C | B- |
| 2026-02-21 | D+ | C |
InsiderStreet Scorecard
Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.
★
★
★
★
★
60
Grade A
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores.
RZC scores highest in Momentum (96/100) and lowest in Profitability (31/100).
An overall grade of A places RZC among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.
Risk & Quality Signals
Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.
Altman-I Score
2.43
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
8/9
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✗
✓
✓
✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.93
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-6.65
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 71.2/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 3.45x
Accruals: -2.5%
The Altman-I Score is adapted for insurance companies, emphasizing return on equity, tangible net worth, and cash reserves alongside the standard equity and earnings components.
RZC scores 2.43, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 3.0, distress < 1.5).
Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring.
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point.
RZC scores 8/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions.
The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators.
RZC's score of -2.93 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated.
The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation.
RZC's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory.
Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation.
RZC receives an estimated rating of A (score: 71.2/100), with a stable trend.
The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better).
RZC's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.
Valuation
Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.
P/E
10.83x
PEG
0.11x
P/S
0.64x
P/B
1.20x
P/FCF
0.32x
P/OCF
0.32x
EV/EBITDA
0.76x
EV/Revenue
0.07x
EV/EBIT
0.76x
EV/FCF
0.33x
Earnings Yield
89.71%
FCF Yield
309.29%
Shareholder Yield
31.29%
Graham Number
$323.02
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay.
At 10.8x earnings, RZC trades at a reasonable valuation.
An earnings yield of 89.7% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk.
Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $323.02 per share, suggesting a potential 1177% margin of safety at the current price.
DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)
The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.
Tax Burden
0.804
NI / EBT
Interest Burden
0.825
EBT / EBIT
EBIT Margin
0.089
EBIT / Rev
Asset Turnover
0.171
Rev / Assets
Equity Multiplier
11.675
Assets / Equity
ROE
11.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability.
RZC's ROE of 11.7% is driven by
financial leverage (equity multiplier: 11.67x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.
Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation
Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.
Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.
Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$870.03
Price/Value
0.03x
Margin of Safety
97.10%
Premium
-97.10%
Assessment
Undervalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with RZC's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. RZC actually compounded EPS at 32.5% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years.
At an intrinsic value of $870.03, RZC appears undervalued with a 97% margin of safety.
The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 10.8x.
Profitability Trends
Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.
Leverage & Solvency Trends
Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.
Efficiency & Working Capital Trends
Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.
Growth Trends (YoY %)
Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.
Earnings Stability
R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.
Monte Carlo Price Simulation
Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 997 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.
Current Price
$25.30
Median 1Y
$26.53
5th Pctile
$23.50
95th Pctile
$30.00
Ann. Volatility
7.3%
25th–75th percentile
5th–95th percentile
Median path
Historical
Workforce & Productivity
Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.
Employees
4,300
+4.9% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$5,300,233
Rev: $22,791,000,000
Profit / Employee
$274,884
NI: $1,182,000,000
SGA / Employee
—
Avg labor cost proxy
Scaling Efficiency
All Ratios & Metrics
Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.
Profitability
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROE | 2.9% | 6.0% | 8.5% | 11.8% | 11.2% | 10.1% | 9.8% | 7.6% | 7.2% | 7.6% | 7.1% | 7.2% | 9.7% | 9.9% | 11.7% | 11.71% | |
| ROA | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.00% | |
| ROIC | 29.6% | -4.4% | 63.7% | 1.0% | -1.8% | 14.1% | 10.3% | 8.5% | 7.0% | 8.7% | 2.6% | 6.2% | 7.9% | 8.6% | 11.0% | 11.03% | |
| ROCE | 0.4% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 1.7% | 1.5% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 1.36% | |
| Gross Margin | 12.6% | 15.1% | 14.0% | 13.1% | 8.9% | 10.3% | 13.1% | 9.8% | 12.5% | 14.7% | 12.8% | 12.4% | 26.3% | 28.6% | 32.8% | 32.83% | |
| Operating Margin | 6.3% | 8.3% | 6.4% | 7.5% | 3.3% | 4.3% | 5.5% | 3.8% | 4.3% | 7.0% | 6.1% | 5.1% | 8.0% | 6.8% | 9.1% | 9.12% | |
| Net Margin | 4.7% | 5.9% | 5.0% | 5.6% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 4.2% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 5.4% | 3.2% | 4.1% | 7.3% | 5.1% | 7.0% | 6.96% | |
| EBITDA Margin | 7.6% | 9.5% | 7.9% | 8.9% | 4.7% | 5.3% | 7.0% | 5.2% | 6.0% | 8.5% | 7.8% | 6.7% | 9.6% | 8.4% | 10.6% | 10.64% | |
| FCF Margin | 6.0% | 21.4% | 16.3% | 17.2% | 22.0% | 40.0% | 42.1% | 41.4% | 42.5% | 24.1% | 22.7% | 21.7% | 17.5% | 22.5% | 20.2% | 20.25% | |
| OCF Margin | 6.2% | 21.5% | 16.4% | 17.4% | 22.0% | 40.0% | 42.0% | 41.3% | 42.5% | 24.1% | 22.7% | 21.7% | 17.5% | 22.5% | 20.2% | 20.25% | |
| ROE 3Y Avg | snapshot only | 8.74% | |||||||||||||||
| ROA 3Y Avg | snapshot only | 0.75% | |||||||||||||||
| ROIC 3Y Avg | snapshot only | 7.75% | |||||||||||||||
| ROIC Economic | snapshot only | 8.02% | |||||||||||||||
| Cash ROA | snapshot only | 3.11% | |||||||||||||||
| Cash ROIC | snapshot only | 37.85% | |||||||||||||||
| CROIC | snapshot only | 37.85% | |||||||||||||||
| NOPAT Margin | snapshot only | 5.90% | |||||||||||||||
| Pretax Margin | snapshot only | 7.31% | |||||||||||||||
| R&D / Revenue | snapshot only | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||
| SGA / Revenue | snapshot only | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||
| SBC / Revenue | snapshot only | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||
Valuation
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P/E Ratio | 7.26 | 3.36 | 2.28 | 1.64 | 1.74 | 1.84 | 1.86 | 2.27 | 2.33 | 2.09 | 2.17 | 1.99 | 1.44 | 1.36 | 1.11 | 10.834 | |
| P/S Ratio | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.636 | |
| P/B Ratio | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 1.204 | |
| P/FCF | 5.69 | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0.51 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.323 | |
| P/OCF | 5.57 | 0.83 | 0.72 | 0.50 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.323 | |
| EV/EBITDA | -15.09 | -8.50 | -4.97 | -3.69 | -40.69 | -1.27 | 0.18 | -0.69 | 0.94 | -0.37 | -6.80 | 1.76 | 1.70 | 1.39 | 0.76 | 0.758 | |
| EV/Revenue | -1.14 | -0.73 | -0.41 | -0.31 | -3.14 | -0.08 | 0.01 | -0.04 | 0.05 | -0.02 | -0.47 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.067 | |
| EV/EBIT | -15.09 | -8.50 | -4.97 | -3.69 | -40.69 | -1.27 | 0.18 | -0.69 | 0.94 | -0.37 | -6.80 | 1.76 | 1.70 | 1.39 | 0.76 | 0.758 | |
| EV/FCF | -18.86 | -3.39 | -2.54 | -1.82 | -14.26 | -0.21 | 0.03 | -0.09 | 0.13 | -0.10 | -2.05 | 0.59 | 0.79 | 0.50 | 0.33 | 0.332 | |
| Earnings Yield | 13.8% | 29.8% | 43.8% | 61.0% | 57.5% | 54.4% | 53.7% | 44.0% | 43.0% | 47.8% | 46.2% | 50.3% | 69.6% | 73.6% | 89.7% | 89.71% | |
| FCF Yield | 17.6% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 2.0% | 2.6% | 5.2% | 5.6% | 5.5% | 5.6% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 2.8% | 2.4% | 3.3% | 3.1% | 3.09% | |
| PEG Ratio | snapshot only | 0.112 | |||||||||||||||
| Price/Tangible Book | snapshot only | 0.123 | |||||||||||||||
| EV/OCF | snapshot only | 0.332 | |||||||||||||||
| EV/Gross Profit | snapshot only | 0.267 | |||||||||||||||
| Acquirers Multiple | snapshot only | 0.919 | |||||||||||||||
| Shareholder Yield | snapshot only | 31.29% | |||||||||||||||
| Graham Number | snapshot only | $323.02 | |||||||||||||||
Leverage & Solvency
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Ratio | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Quick Ratio | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Debt/Equity | 0.62 | 0.58 | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.417 | |
| Net Debt/Equity | -0.90 | -1.01 | -0.87 | -0.88 | -6.52 | -0.35 | -0.14 | -0.22 | -0.04 | -0.19 | -0.98 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.003 | |
| Debt/Assets | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.034 | |
| Debt/EBITDA | 13.42 | 6.11 | 4.59 | 2.95 | 3.12 | 3.27 | 3.71 | 4.20 | 3.93 | 4.12 | 3.87 | 3.56 | 3.00 | 3.06 | 2.51 | 2.512 | |
| Net Debt/EBITDA | -19.65 | -10.60 | -6.40 | -4.72 | -41.80 | -2.43 | -0.99 | -2.06 | -0.36 | -1.56 | -7.93 | 0.69 | 0.81 | 0.56 | 0.02 | 0.019 | |
| Interest Coverage | 6.02 | 6.81 | 6.22 | 6.24 | 5.51 | 4.97 | 4.86 | 4.20 | 4.22 | 4.41 | 4.44 | 4.55 | 5.21 | 5.19 | 5.74 | 5.740 | |
| Equity Multiplier | 11.99 | 11.69 | 11.41 | 10.84 | 10.75 | 11.20 | 11.29 | 10.81 | 10.97 | 11.24 | 11.07 | 11.71 | 11.63 | 12.34 | 12.20 | 12.204 | |
| Debt Service Coverage | snapshot only | 5.740 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash to Debt | snapshot only | 0.992 | |||||||||||||||
| FCF to Debt | snapshot only | 0.911 | |||||||||||||||
| Defensive Interval | snapshot only | 827.1 days | |||||||||||||||
Efficiency & Turnover
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asset Turnover | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.171 | |
| Inventory Turnover | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Receivables Turnover | 1.61 | 3.14 | 4.76 | 6.31 | 4.53 | 5.14 | 5.46 | 5.27 | 4.02 | 3.92 | 4.12 | 4.70 | 4.68 | 5.08 | 5.07 | 5.074 | |
| Payables Turnover | 4.97 | 8.65 | 12.72 | 20.45 | 42.49 | 42.72 | 43.97 | 51.98 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DSO | 227 | 116 | 77 | 58 | 81 | 71 | 67 | 69 | 91 | 93 | 89 | 78 | 78 | 72 | 72 | 71.9 days | |
| DIO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 days | |
| DPO | 73 | 42 | 29 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | 153 | 74 | 48 | 40 | 72 | 62 | 59 | 62 | 91 | 93 | 89 | 78 | 78 | 72 | 72 | — | |
| Cash Velocity | snapshot only | 4.531 | |||||||||||||||
| Capital Intensity | snapshot only | 6.509 | |||||||||||||||
Growth (YoY)
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | — | — | — | — | 3.3% | 1.4% | 67.8% | 22.5% | 19.9% | 2.2% | 1.8% | 2.3% | 6.2% | 17.3% | 18.6% | 18.59% | |
| Net Income | — | — | — | — | 3.4% | 88.6% | 29.8% | -23.3% | -20.5% | -7.8% | -10.3% | 19.3% | 64.9% | 54.6% | 95.8% | 95.84% | |
| EPS | — | — | — | — | 3.5% | 92.7% | 32.3% | -23.1% | -20.8% | -8.2% | -10.3% | 19.4% | 65.5% | 54.9% | 95.8% | 95.84% | |
| FCF | — | — | — | — | 14.6% | 3.5% | 3.3% | 1.9% | 1.3% | -38.3% | -45.0% | -46.3% | -56.3% | 9.3% | 5.8% | 5.76% | |
| EBITDA | — | — | — | — | 3.4% | 85.6% | 29.2% | -20.1% | -9.4% | 3.0% | 8.6% | 33.4% | 48.4% | 43.4% | 53.3% | 53.27% | |
| Op. Income | — | — | — | — | 3.3% | 73.8% | 22.3% | -27.5% | -15.5% | -0.4% | 5.9% | 36.6% | 57.1% | 49.7% | 63.3% | 63.27% | |
| OCF Growth | snapshot only | 5.76% | |||||||||||||||
| Asset Growth | snapshot only | 25.20% | |||||||||||||||
| Equity Growth | snapshot only | 13.61% | |||||||||||||||
| Debt Growth | snapshot only | -0.44% | |||||||||||||||
| Shares Change | snapshot only | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||
| Dividend Growth | snapshot only | 3.83% | |||||||||||||||
Growth (CAGR)
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 75.9% | 42.3% | 26.5% | 26.54% | |
| Revenue 5Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EPS 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 80.6% | 39.9% | 32.5% | 32.47% | |
| EPS 5Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Net Income 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 79.6% | 39.1% | 31.6% | 31.64% | |
| Net Income 5Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EBITDA 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 80.3% | 39.9% | 29.1% | 29.07% | |
| EBITDA 5Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gross Profit 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 93.7% | 61.7% | 54.3% | 54.27% | |
| Gross Profit 5Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Op. Income 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 78.5% | 37.4% | 28.4% | 28.36% | |
| Op. Income 5Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FCF 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.5% | 44.6% | 36.0% | 36.02% | |
| FCF 5Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OCF 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.5% | 44.4% | 35.6% | 35.63% | |
| OCF 5Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Assets 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 22.6% | 22.6% | 23.4% | 23.35% | |
| Assets 5Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Equity 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23.9% | 20.4% | 20.6% | 20.61% | |
| Book Value 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24.5% | 21.1% | 21.4% | 21.37% | |
| Dividend 3Y | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.1% | 2.1% | 1.9% | 1.90% |
Growth Quality
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue Stability | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.90 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.86 | 0.864 | |
| Earnings Stability | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.50 | 0.61 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.74 | 0.84 | 0.69 | 0.690 | |
| Margin Stability | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.72 | 0.59 | 0.592 | |
| Rev. Growth Consistency | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
| Earn. Growth Consistency | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.500 | |
| FCF Positive Streak | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Earnings Persistence | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.500 | |
| Earnings Smoothness | — | — | — | — | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.77 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.51 | 0.57 | 0.35 | 0.352 | |
| ROE Trend | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.034 | |
| Gross Margin Trend | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.00 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.133 | |
| FCF Margin Trend | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.28 | -0.07 | -0.06 | -0.08 | -0.15 | -0.10 | -0.12 | -0.121 | |
| Sustainable Growth Rate | 2.1% | 4.6% | 6.4% | 9.1% | 8.5% | 7.5% | 7.2% | 5.2% | 4.9% | 5.4% | 4.9% | 5.2% | 7.8% | 8.0% | 9.8% | 9.82% | |
| Internal Growth Rate | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.85% |
Cash Flow Quality
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OCF/Net Income | 1.30 | 4.04 | 3.15 | 3.25 | 4.48 | 9.54 | 10.41 | 12.37 | 13.07 | 6.38 | 6.38 | 5.58 | 3.46 | 4.51 | 3.45 | 3.448 | |
| FCF/OCF | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
| FCF/Net Income | snapshot only | 3.448 | |||||||||||||||
| OCF/EBITDA | snapshot only | 2.287 | |||||||||||||||
| CapEx/Revenue | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Accruals Ratio | -0.00 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.08 | -0.08 | -0.08 | -0.08 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.025 | |
| Sloan Accruals | snapshot only | 0.069 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash Flow Adequacy | snapshot only | 21.307 | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings Quality Score | snapshot only | 1.000 | |||||||||||||||
Dividends & Buybacks
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dividend Yield | 3.6% | 6.9% | 10.6% | 13.9% | 14.0% | 14.0% | 14.0% | 13.7% | 13.7% | 14.0% | 14.1% | 13.7% | 14.1% | 14.5% | 14.5% | 1.51% | |
| Dividend/Share | $0.78 | $1.56 | $2.35 | $3.22 | $3.28 | $3.34 | $3.36 | $3.40 | $3.42 | $3.47 | $3.52 | $3.55 | $3.60 | $3.63 | $3.66 | $3.77 | |
| Payout Ratio | 26.0% | 23.2% | 24.2% | 22.8% | 24.3% | 25.8% | 26.1% | 31.2% | 31.9% | 29.3% | 30.5% | 27.3% | 20.3% | 19.7% | 16.2% | 16.18% | |
| FCF Payout Ratio | 20.4% | 5.8% | 7.7% | 7.1% | 5.4% | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.4% | 4.6% | 4.8% | 4.9% | 5.9% | 4.4% | 4.7% | 4.69% | |
| Total Payout Ratio | 39.2% | 43.9% | 46.3% | 43.5% | 49.4% | 46.3% | 40.9% | 42.8% | 35.7% | 35.4% | 36.5% | 40.5% | 35.0% | 38.5% | 34.9% | 34.88% | |
| Div. Increase Streak | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Chowder Number | — | — | — | — | 3.27 | 1.23 | 0.54 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.183 | |
| Buyback Yield | 1.8% | 6.1% | 9.7% | 12.6% | 14.5% | 11.1% | 7.9% | 5.1% | 1.6% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 6.6% | 10.2% | 13.8% | 16.8% | 16.78% | |
| Net Buyback Yield | 1.8% | 6.1% | 9.7% | 12.6% | 14.5% | 11.1% | 7.9% | 5.1% | 1.6% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 6.4% | 10.0% | 13.3% | 16.2% | 16.24% | |
| Total Shareholder Return | 5.4% | 13.1% | 20.3% | 26.5% | 28.4% | 25.2% | 22.0% | 18.8% | 15.3% | 16.9% | 16.9% | 20.1% | 24.2% | 27.8% | 30.8% | 30.76% |
DuPont Factors
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tax Burden (NI/EBT) | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.804 | |
| Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.825 | |
| EBIT Margin | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.089 | |
| Asset Turnover | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.171 | |
| Equity Multiplier | 11.99 | 11.69 | 11.41 | 10.84 | 11.29 | 11.41 | 11.34 | 10.82 | 10.87 | 11.22 | 11.17 | 11.29 | 11.34 | 11.83 | 11.67 | 11.675 |
Per Share
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS (Diluted TTM) | $3.01 | $6.71 | $9.72 | $14.15 | $13.52 | $12.92 | $12.86 | $10.88 | $10.70 | $11.86 | $11.54 | $12.99 | $17.71 | $18.37 | $22.60 | $22.60 | |
| Book Value/Share | $104.45 | $112.15 | $114.78 | $120.34 | $136.10 | $142.25 | $145.88 | $166.58 | $161.48 | $170.53 | $180.62 | $194.48 | $201.72 | $199.22 | $205.21 | $208.57 | |
| Tangible Book/Share | $102.03 | $112.15 | $114.78 | $120.34 | $133.80 | $72.04 | $75.15 | $84.58 | $159.49 | $86.04 | $180.62 | $194.48 | $201.63 | $199.22 | $205.21 | $205.21 | |
| Revenue/Share | $63.43 | $125.57 | $186.34 | $265.19 | $275.66 | $308.30 | $318.62 | $325.97 | $329.13 | $313.61 | $324.44 | $333.73 | $350.81 | $368.55 | $384.75 | $388.50 | |
| FCF/Share | $3.84 | $26.90 | $30.38 | $45.64 | $60.61 | $123.36 | $133.98 | $134.98 | $139.89 | $75.72 | $73.67 | $72.52 | $61.31 | $82.94 | $77.91 | $78.67 | |
| OCF/Share | $3.92 | $27.06 | $30.65 | $46.03 | $60.61 | $123.29 | $133.80 | $134.68 | $139.89 | $75.72 | $73.67 | $72.52 | $61.31 | $82.94 | $77.91 | $78.67 | |
| Cash/Share | $158.51 | $179.21 | $170.74 | $172.61 | $954.11 | $115.99 | $96.18 | $113.01 | $82.19 | $118.35 | $262.05 | $69.31 | $62.46 | $74.82 | $84.91 | $85.73 | |
| EBITDA/Share | $4.79 | $10.72 | $15.54 | $22.52 | $21.24 | $20.33 | $20.47 | $18.05 | $19.17 | $20.83 | $22.22 | $24.11 | $28.56 | $29.94 | $34.06 | $34.06 | |
| Debt/Share | $64.33 | $65.51 | $71.32 | $66.42 | $66.35 | $66.51 | $75.93 | $75.86 | $75.27 | $85.76 | $85.93 | $85.93 | $85.57 | $91.49 | $85.55 | $85.55 | |
| Net Debt/Share | $-94.18 | $-113.69 | $-99.41 | $-106.19 | $-887.76 | $-49.47 | $-20.25 | $-37.16 | $-6.91 | $-32.59 | $-176.13 | $16.62 | $23.11 | $16.66 | $0.64 | $0.64 |
Academic Models
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altman-I Score | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.430 | |
| Altman Z-Prime | snapshot only | 0.721 | |||||||||||||||
| Piotroski F-Score | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |
| Beneish M-Score | — | — | — | — | -1.54 | -1.84 | -2.03 | -1.79 | -2.93 | -2.66 | -2.46 | -2.83 | -2.86 | -2.90 | -2.93 | -2.934 | |
| Ohlson O-Score | snapshot only | -6.646 | |||||||||||||||
| ROIC (Greenblatt) | snapshot only | 21.85% | |||||||||||||||
| Net-Net WC | snapshot only | $-2141.88 | |||||||||||||||
| EVA | snapshot only | $141300000.00 | |||||||||||||||
Credit
| Metric | Trend | Q4'22 | Q1'23 | Q2'23 | Q3'23 | Q4'23 | Q1'24 | Q2'24 | Q3'24 | Q4'24 | Q1'25 | Q2'25 | Q3'25 | Q4'25 | Q1'26 | Q2'26 | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit Rating | snapshot only | A | |||||||||||||||
| Credit Score | 56.40 | 65.50 | 67.50 | 78.75 | 84.75 | 70.50 | 70.50 | 64.50 | 66.00 | 64.50 | 70.50 | 66.00 | 71.25 | 69.75 | 71.25 | 71.250 | |
| Credit Grade | snapshot only | 6 | |||||||||||||||
| Credit Trend | snapshot only | 0.750 | |||||||||||||||
| Implied Spread (bps) | snapshot only | 150.000 | |||||||||||||||