— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: SKA-B.ST (STO) · $vol 20M · SKSBF (OTC) · $vol 0M

SKBSY OTC

Skanska AB (publ)
1W: -2.0% 1M: +0.6% 3M: +1.0% YTD: -0.5% 1Y: +6.3% 3Y: +85.0% 5Y: +21.8%
$27.94
+0.55 (+2.01%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.8%
$26 $27 $28 $29 $30
OTC · Industrials · Engineering & Construction · Tech Score Sell · Power 47 · $11.6B mcap · 372M float · 0.0041% daily turnover · Short 57% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
2
P/E
3
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. SKBSY receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-07-23 B+ A-
2026-07-01 A- B+
2026-05-11 B+ A-
2026-03-24 A- B+
2026-03-23 B+ A-
2026-01-03 A- B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
23
Balance Sheet
85
Earnings Quality
69
Growth
41
Value
—
Momentum
72
Safety
—
Cash Flow
50

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.61
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.67
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 82.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.69x
Accruals: -2.8%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. SKBSY scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. SKBSY's score of -2.61 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. SKBSY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. SKBSY receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 82.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). SKBSY's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
17.38x
PEG
2.56x
P/S
0.63x
P/B
1.88x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$231.00
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 17.4x earnings, SKBSY trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $231.00 per share, suggesting a potential 727% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.779
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.986
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.049
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.071
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.725
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
11.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. SKBSY's ROE of 11.1% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.071), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
7.89%
Fair P/E
24.29x
Intrinsic Value
$389.62
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with SKBSY's realized 7.9% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. SKBSY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $389.62, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 24.3x compares to the current market P/E of 17.4x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$27.94
Median 1Y
$27.94
5th Pctile
$14.01
95th Pctile
$55.69
Ann. Volatility
43.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 24.7% 16.3% 16.2% 13.8% 15.3% 16.4% 16.2% 15.4% 12.0% 9.0% 8.9% 8.1% 8.5% 9.4% 10.5% 10.6% 10.4% 9.2% 9.7% 11.1% 11.09%
ROA 7.4% 5.2% 4.9% 4.5% 5.1% 5.7% 5.4% 5.3% 4.3% 3.3% 3.1% 2.9% 3.1% 3.4% 3.8% 3.8% 3.8% 3.5% 3.5% 4.1% 4.07%
ROIC 43.8% 14.3% 29.7% 20.5% 22.5% 13.6% 19.0% 15.8% 12.4% 6.5% 5.3% 4.7% 8.9% 10.2% 14.8% 14.5% 13.9% 13.1% 9.2% 14.5% 14.51%
ROCE 20.5% 13.3% 13.3% 12.0% 13.3% 15.0% 14.6% 14.0% 11.5% 7.9% 7.7% 7.4% 8.3% 9.5% 10.7% 11.1% 10.6% 9.9% 10.0% 11.3% 11.34%
Gross Margin 9.0% 11.6% 8.0% 10.3% 10.5% 11.7% 7.6% 10.2% 7.0% 7.0% 6.5% 8.0% 7.8% 10.0% 7.6% 8.7% 7.1% 9.9% 8.9% 9.5% 9.51%
Operating Margin 4.3% 6.4% 3.4% 5.2% 6.4% 9.1% 1.6% 5.2% 1.9% 1.6% 1.0% 4.6% 3.2% 5.6% 2.9% 4.3% 2.6% 4.6% 3.5% 4.9% 4.94%
Net Margin 3.5% 5.4% 2.7% 4.1% 5.2% 7.7% 1.6% 4.6% 1.9% 3.6% 1.3% 3.8% 2.4% 4.6% 2.6% 3.6% 2.5% 4.1% 3.0% 5.3% 5.32%
EBITDA Margin 5.7% 7.8% 5.5% 6.6% 7.4% 11.2% 3.9% 7.1% 4.1% 5.5% 2.8% 6.7% 4.6% 6.3% 3.7% 4.8% 3.2% 11.7% 5.3% 7.3% 7.25%
FCF Margin 4.3% 3.8% -0.5% 0.5% 1.8% -1.4% -1.0% -1.6% -3.3% 0.8% -1.4% 0.4% 3.8% 4.6% 7.8% 8.1% 5.2% 4.2% 4.0% 7.1% 7.08%
OCF Margin 5.8% 5.2% 1.1% 2.0% 3.4% 0.0% 0.0% -0.4% -2.3% 2.0% -0.0% 1.4% 4.9% 5.2% 8.1% 8.3% 5.2% 4.0% 3.3% 6.4% 6.41%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.78%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 11.27%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.57%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 12.79%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 8.53%
Cash ROA snapshot only 6.77%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 29.97%
CROIC snapshot only 33.11%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 3.10%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 4.88%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 5.00%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.378
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.631
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.875
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 2.556
Graham Number snapshot only $231.00
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.51 1.51 1.46 1.48 1.49 1.51 1.47 1.48 1.47 1.56 1.54 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.57 1.53 1.54 1.54 1.46 1.47 1.470
Quick Ratio 0.79 0.80 0.76 0.75 0.77 0.74 0.67 0.66 0.67 0.81 0.75 0.81 0.81 0.85 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.82 0.86 0.858
Debt/Equity 0.16 0.32 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.26 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.32 0.34 0.34 0.12 0.31 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.29 0.10 0.096
Net Debt/Equity -0.47 0.08 -0.48 -0.36 -0.39 0.07 -0.25 -0.15 -0.14 -0.00 0.13 0.14 -0.33 -0.21 -0.37 -0.33 -0.33 -0.37 -0.02 -0.39 -0.389
Debt/Assets 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.035
Debt/EBITDA 0.48 1.37 0.67 0.73 0.67 1.11 0.61 0.63 0.68 2.04 2.31 2.40 0.80 2.07 0.70 0.75 0.78 0.60 1.53 0.48 0.482
Net Debt/EBITDA -1.38 0.33 -2.03 -1.75 -1.81 0.32 -1.10 -0.68 -0.75 -0.02 0.85 1.01 -2.23 -1.42 -2.33 -2.16 -2.35 -2.18 -0.11 -1.96 -1.962
Interest Coverage 55.87 40.17 43.69 48.65 71.34 159.38 411.42 43.50 31.91 13.01 11.35 15.86 13.87 19.26 20.62 18.65 19.85 20.10 19.59 23.95 23.946
Equity Multiplier 3.15 3.04 3.19 3.03 2.92 2.75 2.84 2.76 2.74 2.76 2.84 2.78 2.79 2.74 2.66 2.75 2.66 2.56 2.81 2.70 2.703
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.333
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 33.643
Cash to Debt snapshot only 5.072
FCF to Debt snapshot only 2.114
Defensive Interval snapshot only 3251.9 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.12 1.09 1.08 1.12 1.14 1.12 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.09 1.08 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.13 1.14 1.13 1.07 1.06 1.07 1.071
Inventory Turnover 2.49 2.48 2.46 2.49 2.54 2.49 2.42 2.27 2.25 2.49 2.32 2.41 2.43 2.66 2.71 2.90 2.86 2.76 2.76 2.89 2.891
Receivables Turnover 5.73 8.47 6.33 6.17 6.32 10.87 6.47 5.75 5.59 11.31 5.95 5.49 4.87 7.28 5.93 5.58 5.02 5.45 4.70 4.38 4.383
Payables Turnover 3.67 11.61 3.42 3.74 3.75 11.09 3.53 3.60 3.38 11.35 3.56 3.70 3.63 5.49 3.85 3.83 3.92 3.78 3.62 3.70 3.698
DSO 64 43 58 59 58 34 56 64 65 32 61 67 75 50 62 65 73 67 78 83 83.3 days
DIO 146 147 148 146 144 146 151 161 162 146 157 152 150 137 135 126 128 132 132 126 126.3 days
DPO 99 31 107 98 97 33 103 101 108 32 103 99 101 66 95 95 93 97 101 99 98.7 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 111 159 99 108 104 147 104 123 119 146 116 119 124 121 102 96 107 103 109 111 110.9 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 13.663
Operating Cycle snapshot only 209.6 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 5.889
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.946
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue -13.7% -10.3% -4.2% 3.0% 11.4% 13.4% 12.6% 7.7% 0.9% 2.4% 1.7% 3.5% 5.4% 5.6% 9.7% 8.5% 6.0% 0.1% -5.4% -4.9% -4.92%
Net Income 34.3% -30.5% -32.2% -36.6% -24.8% 20.3% 18.3% 31.4% -8.4% -39.5% -38.0% -42.4% -26.0% 11.1% 26.8% 33.0% 26.7% 2.7% -6.6% 8.0% 8.04%
EPS 33.8% -30.5% -32.2% -36.7% -24.8% 19.7% 18.4% 31.7% -8.2% -39.3% -38.0% -42.4% -26.1% 11.0% 26.5% 32.7% 26.4% 2.4% -6.8% 7.9% 7.89%
FCF -51.4% -43.0% -1.1% -90.3% -52.7% -1.4% -1.1% -4.8% -2.8% 1.6% -39.0% 1.3% 2.2% 5.3% 7.1% 18.6% 45.2% -9.0% -51.6% -16.5% -16.55%
EBITDA 21.7% -31.7% -31.4% -33.4% -22.8% 20.3% 16.3% 24.9% -2.4% -31.3% -31.5% -32.7% -20.7% 6.4% 18.0% 8.9% -2.7% 12.6% 11.6% 34.9% 34.85%
Op. Income 34.3% -34.4% -36.1% -39.4% -27.3% 20.8% 17.2% 25.6% -15.0% -56.7% -56.4% -57.3% -38.5% 53.8% 84.6% 87.0% 56.8% -3.7% -13.4% -7.4% -7.38%
OCF Growth snapshot only -26.87%
Asset Growth snapshot only 2.73%
Equity Growth snapshot only 4.46%
Debt Growth snapshot only -13.39%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.14%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 71.86%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y -4.4% -5.7% -5.7% -4.1% -2.1% -1.9% -2.2% -1.9% -1.0% 1.4% 3.1% 4.7% 5.8% 7.0% 7.9% 6.6% 4.1% 2.7% 1.8% 2.2% 2.22%
Revenue 5Y -0.5% -0.2% -0.3% 0.5% 1.3% 0.7% 0.7% 0.2% -0.4% -0.5% -0.8% -0.4% -0.0% 0.4% 0.8% 1.2% 1.6% 2.0% 2.6% 3.5% 3.45%
EPS 3Y 41.2% 14.1% 8.3% 2.3% 4.9% 10.7% 7.4% 3.9% -2.6% -20.4% -20.8% -21.7% -20.1% -6.9% -2.4% 0.2% -5.0% -11.7% -9.9% -6.2% -6.24%
EPS 5Y 9.6% 3.5% -0.8% 4.0% 6.5% 14.7% 21.7% 17.4% 14.2% 1.5% -1.4% -4.1% -4.8% -1.8% -0.6% -3.0% -2.9% -10.5% -10.1% -7.2% -7.22%
Net Income 3Y 41.6% 14.5% 8.5% 2.5% 5.1% 11.0% 7.4% 3.9% -2.6% -20.3% -20.8% -21.7% -20.1% -6.8% -2.4% 0.2% -4.9% -11.6% -9.8% -6.1% -6.11%
Net Income 5Y 9.9% 3.7% -0.7% 4.1% 6.6% 15.1% 21.9% 17.6% 14.3% 1.8% -1.3% -4.0% -4.7% -1.6% -0.5% -3.0% -2.8% -10.4% -10.1% -7.2% -7.18%
EBITDA 3Y 41.4% 25.0% 14.0% 6.3% 5.7% 8.4% 4.8% 1.8% -2.8% -17.3% -18.2% -17.6% -15.8% -4.2% -2.0% -2.9% -9.0% -6.3% -3.4% -0.4% -0.38%
EBITDA 5Y 13.6% 7.6% 6.3% 14.0% 15.2% 21.0% 23.6% 18.5% 16.3% 10.1% 3.4% 0.2% -1.8% -1.4% -1.4% -5.0% -6.7% -7.5% -6.3% -3.8% -3.83%
Gross Profit 3Y 6.9% 3.3% 1.0% -0.7% 1.6% 0.8% -0.5% -2.3% -5.6% -7.7% -8.0% -9.2% -7.2% -2.7% 0.3% 1.7% -2.3% -4.0% -3.3% -2.0% -2.00%
Gross Profit 5Y 0.6% 2.0% 0.7% 4.1% 5.8% 5.5% 6.2% 4.9% 2.9% -1.4% -2.8% -4.5% -4.2% -2.3% -1.8% -2.3% -2.9% -2.7% -1.9% -0.9% -0.88%
Op. Income 3Y 45.0% 13.7% 7.6% 2.1% 4.4% 10.5% 6.4% 1.8% -6.0% -30.0% -31.2% -31.2% -27.6% -7.0% -1.9% 0.1% -6.4% -13.8% -11.3% -9.6% -9.60%
Op. Income 5Y 10.0% 2.8% -1.1% 4.7% 7.8% 17.0% 23.7% 17.5% 13.5% -5.1% -8.6% -10.6% -9.9% -2.1% -0.6% -3.4% -4.4% -12.6% -12.2% -10.9% -10.86%
FCF 3Y 48.9% -7.1% — -48.7% -1.9% — — — — -49.0% — -52.5% 1.5% 13.7% — 1.8% 47.5% — — — —
FCF 5Y 2.3% — — — — — — — — -28.5% — -31.7% 15.9% 19.2% 17.2% 9.8% -5.9% -5.3% -9.2% 11.8% 11.85%
OCF 3Y 14.5% -7.7% -43.8% -26.6% 1.4% -83.1% -79.1% — — -33.7% — -35.8% -0.2% 7.0% 1.1% 72.4% 20.7% 5.2% 3.2% — —
OCF 5Y 0.4% — -8.6% — — -61.5% -50.4% — — -19.0% — -20.7% 9.9% 8.6% 11.5% 5.8% -8.9% -9.0% -14.8% 4.7% 4.66%
Assets 3Y 4.3% 6.1% 3.8% 4.8% 5.8% 6.4% 4.7% 7.2% 7.2% 7.3% 7.4% 8.0% 6.9% 7.2% 5.2% 3.8% 1.8% 1.5% 2.8% 1.9% 1.91%
Assets 5Y 6.0% 5.5% 6.0% 6.4% 7.2% 6.7% 6.4% 6.2% 6.2% 5.9% 5.0% 5.2% 4.7% 6.3% 4.5% 4.9% 4.6% 4.7% 4.9% 5.3% 5.34%
Equity 3Y 14.7% 16.0% 16.4% 17.4% 20.0% 18.7% 15.3% 16.4% 17.3% 13.3% 13.7% 12.3% 11.2% 11.0% 11.8% 7.3% 5.0% 3.9% 3.1% 2.6% 2.61%
Book Value 3Y 14.4% 15.6% 16.2% 17.1% 19.9% 18.4% 15.2% 16.4% 17.3% 13.2% 13.8% 12.4% 11.3% 10.9% 11.8% 7.3% 5.0% 3.8% 3.0% 2.5% 2.47%
Dividend 3Y 3.1% 46.9% 45.8% -5.0% -5.8% 0.1% 0.9% -10.9% -8.8% -4.1% -5.3% -3.0% -6.0% -14.0% -13.6% 5.4% 6.7% 11.5% 12.1% 19.7% 19.67%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.39 0.88 0.76 0.83 0.828
Earnings Stability 0.47 0.40 0.24 0.43 0.57 0.59 0.55 0.45 0.33 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.13 0.21 0.21 0.31 0.45 0.64 0.56 0.31 0.314
Margin Stability 0.87 0.90 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.84 0.840
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.86 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.87 0.97 0.84 0.85 0.83 0.90 0.96 0.89 0.87 0.89 0.99 0.97 0.97 0.968
Earnings Smoothness 0.71 0.64 0.62 0.55 0.72 0.82 0.83 0.73 0.91 0.51 0.53 0.46 0.70 0.89 0.76 0.72 0.76 0.97 0.93 0.92 0.923
ROE Trend 0.02 -0.07 -0.07 -0.09 -0.08 -0.05 -0.06 -0.04 -0.07 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.016
Gross Margin Trend 0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.010
FCF Margin Trend -0.00 -0.00 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.06 -0.04 -0.04 -0.06 -0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.028
Sustainable Growth Rate 10.8% 6.1% 5.7% 3.5% 5.7% 7.8% 7.1% 9.2% 5.8% 2.1% 2.1% 2.9% 3.5% 5.2% 6.4% 4.6% 4.6% 3.7% 3.9% 1.1% 1.13%
Internal Growth Rate 3.3% 2.0% 1.8% 1.1% 1.9% 2.8% 2.4% 3.3% 2.1% 0.8% 0.7% 1.1% 1.3% 1.9% 2.4% 1.7% 1.7% 1.4% 1.5% 0.4% 0.42%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.88 1.08 0.25 0.49 0.76 0.00 0.01 -0.08 -0.56 0.66 -0.01 0.51 1.71 1.64 2.39 2.49 1.55 1.23 1.00 1.69 1.686
FCF/OCF 0.75 0.74 -0.47 0.23 0.55 -77.03 -21.53 4.20 1.47 0.39 38.25 0.32 0.79 0.89 0.97 0.97 1.00 1.05 1.20 1.10 1.105
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.863
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.922
CapEx/Revenue 1.4% 1.3% 1.7% 1.5% 1.5% 1.4% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% 1.4% 0.9% 1.0% 0.6% 0.3% 0.3% 0.6% 2.6% 2.2% 6.6% 6.61%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 3.302
Accruals Ratio 0.01 -0.00 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.05 -0.06 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 -0.03 -0.028
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.033
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.639
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.03%
Dividend/Share $12.96 $10.42 $10.41 $11.08 $10.90 $10.47 $10.70 $7.87 $8.28 $9.27 $9.08 $7.16 $6.85 $5.92 $5.86 $8.38 $8.31 $8.20 $8.26 $14.40 $14.00
Payout Ratio 56.1% 62.7% 64.7% 74.9% 62.8% 52.6% 56.2% 40.4% 51.9% 76.9% 77.0% 63.9% 58.1% 44.2% 39.2% 56.4% 55.8% 59.8% 59.4% 89.8% 89.78%
FCF Payout Ratio 85.3% 78.1% — 6.7% 1.5% — — — — 3.0% — 3.9% 43.0% 30.3% 17.0% 23.4% 36.1% 46.3% 49.5% 48.2% 48.19%
Total Payout Ratio 58.4% 66.2% 68.6% 80.3% 68.5% 58.7% 63.8% 47.4% 60.4% 87.1% 85.8% 72.0% 63.5% 47.9% 42.2% 59.4% 58.0% 61.4% 60.1% 89.8% 89.78%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.80 0.84 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.97 0.98 0.95 0.90 0.76 0.75 0.76 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.779
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.87 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.986
EBIT Margin 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.049
Asset Turnover 1.12 1.09 1.08 1.12 1.14 1.12 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.09 1.08 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.13 1.14 1.13 1.07 1.06 1.07 1.071
Equity Multiplier 3.35 3.14 3.27 3.07 3.02 2.88 3.00 2.88 2.82 2.76 2.84 2.77 2.77 2.75 2.74 2.76 2.72 2.65 2.73 2.73 2.725
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $23.09 $16.63 $16.07 $14.78 $17.37 $19.90 $19.02 $19.46 $15.95 $12.07 $11.80 $11.20 $11.79 $13.40 $14.93 $14.87 $14.90 $13.72 $13.90 $16.04 $16.04
Book Value/Share $101.43 $110.67 $106.21 $114.79 $125.96 $132.82 $128.22 $137.42 $138.96 $135.71 $136.39 $140.31 $139.97 $150.78 $148.36 $141.72 $145.67 $148.64 $140.00 $147.84 $149.00
Tangible Book/Share $90.37 $99.50 $94.98 $103.50 $114.62 $121.63 $117.14 $125.94 $128.18 $125.41 $125.82 $129.81 $129.69 $140.31 $138.46 $131.84 $136.00 $139.20 $130.40 $138.02 $138.02
Revenue/Share $350.12 $348.54 $352.63 $367.56 $390.32 $393.26 $397.26 $396.93 $394.80 $403.65 $403.97 $410.66 $415.74 $425.99 $441.95 $444.72 $439.71 $425.17 $417.30 $422.24 $420.54
FCF/Share $15.19 $13.35 $-1.89 $1.66 $7.19 $-5.38 $-4.05 $-6.25 $-13.19 $3.10 $-5.63 $1.83 $15.91 $19.52 $34.49 $35.86 $23.06 $17.71 $16.67 $29.89 $0.31
OCF/Share $20.24 $18.02 $4.01 $7.23 $13.13 $0.07 $0.19 $-1.49 $-8.95 $7.94 $-0.15 $5.73 $20.17 $22.00 $35.67 $37.05 $23.06 $16.93 $13.84 $27.05 $28.02
Cash/Share $64.53 $26.52 $67.94 $59.24 $66.60 $24.13 $49.91 $38.99 $37.73 $43.25 $29.20 $27.86 $63.00 $77.73 $71.69 $63.42 $63.35 $69.59 $42.94 $71.71 $38.82
EBITDA/Share $34.72 $25.47 $25.16 $23.80 $26.84 $30.48 $29.30 $29.80 $26.26 $20.99 $20.07 $20.05 $20.79 $22.31 $23.64 $21.79 $20.18 $25.05 $26.32 $29.34 $29.34
Debt/Share $16.69 $34.98 $16.82 $17.49 $18.03 $33.95 $17.75 $18.64 $17.96 $42.90 $46.32 $48.15 $16.65 $46.12 $16.52 $16.35 $15.84 $14.94 $40.14 $14.14 $14.14
Net Debt/Share $-47.84 $8.46 $-51.12 $-41.75 $-48.56 $9.82 $-32.17 $-20.35 $-19.76 $-0.35 $17.12 $20.29 $-46.35 $-31.61 $-55.17 $-47.08 $-47.51 $-54.65 $-2.80 $-57.57 $-57.57
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 4 4 3 6 7 7 6 3 5 3 4 7 7 8 7 6 6 3 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.46 -2.00 -2.97 -2.98 -3.08 -2.17 -2.10 -2.08 -1.85 -2.41 -2.17 -2.11 -2.49 -1.91 -2.56 -2.71 -2.44 -2.58 -2.52 -2.61 -2.611
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.668
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 15.79%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $65.65
EVA snapshot only $1694055555.32
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 82.75 76.50 69.85 72.85 79.60 67.50 68.65 68.05 68.05 67.70 62.90 67.45 80.25 73.75 82.75 81.50 81.50 82.75 74.65 82.75 82.750
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only 1.250
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000

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