— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: TOM.BE (BER) · $vol 0M · TOM.DU (DUS) · $vol 0M

TOM.HM HAM

Toyota Motor Corp
1W: -1.4% 1M: -6.9% 3M: +1.9% YTD: -20.5% 1Y: -3.2% 3Y: +10.1% 5Y: +19.2%
€16.10 ($18.13)
-0.06 (-0.37%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.1%
€15 €16 €16 €17 €17
HAM · Consumer Cyclical · Auto - Manufacturers · Tech Score Sell · Power 42 · €190.7B mcap · 7.16B float · 0.0000% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
4
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. TOM.HM receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5), P/E (4/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-05 B B+
2026-07-01 B+ B
2026-06-24 B B+
2026-05-28 B+ B
2026-04-30 B B+
2026-04-24 B+ B
2026-04-07 None ADDED
2026-04-07 EXISTED None
2026-04-01 B- B+
2026-03-24 B B-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
24
Balance Sheet
65
Earnings Quality
72
Growth
30
Value
—
Momentum
62
Safety
—
Cash Flow
37

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.49
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-11.03
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB+
Score: 60.7/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.42x
Accruals: -1.6%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. TOM.HM scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. TOM.HM's score of -2.49 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. TOM.HM's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. TOM.HM receives an estimated rating of BBB+ (score: 60.7/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). TOM.HM's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
8.13x
PEG
1.04x
P/S
0.65x
P/B
0.94x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$4517.73
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 8.1x earnings, TOM.HM trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $4517.73 per share, suggesting a potential 27957% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.747
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.107
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.092
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.509
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.625
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
10.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. TOM.HM's ROE of 10.1% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.509), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$11374.52
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with TOM.HM's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. TOM.HM actually compounded EPS at 17.8% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. TOM.HM trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $11374.52, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 8.1x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$16.10
Median 1Y
$16.50
5th Pctile
$9.86
95th Pctile
$27.62
Ann. Volatility
29.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 13.3% 13.8% 13.2% 11.5% 10.4% 9.5% 9.3% 9.0% 10.5% 12.9% 15.0% 15.8% 15.0% 12.9% 14.9% 13.6% 11.9% 12.9% 9.9% 10.1% 10.14%
ROA 5.1% 5.3% 5.1% 4.4% 4.0% 3.7% 3.6% 3.5% 4.0% 4.9% 5.8% 6.0% 5.7% 4.9% 5.7% 5.2% 4.6% 5.0% 3.8% 3.9% 3.86%
ROIC 5.9% 6.1% 5.6% 4.7% 3.5% 2.9% 3.2% 3.6% 4.4% 5.6% 6.6% 6.8% 6.5% 6.3% 5.6% 6.1% 5.9% 5.6% 4.4% 4.4% 4.37%
ROCE 10.7% 11.2% 10.9% 8.8% 7.8% 7.5% 7.6% 7.4% 8.2% 9.5% 10.8% 11.5% 11.2% 10.2% 11.0% 10.1% 9.1% 9.3% 7.2% 6.5% 6.46%
Gross Margin 20.8% 19.1% 19.6% 16.7% 16.4% 15.4% 19.8% 16.1% 19.6% 20.7% 22.3% 20.3% 20.5% 21.3% 19.2% 18.9% 17.9% 15.9% 17.8% 15.1% 15.14%
Operating Margin 12.6% 9.9% 10.1% 4.2% 4.7% 6.1% 9.8% 6.5% 10.6% 12.6% 14.0% 10.0% 11.1% 10.1% 9.8% 9.0% 9.5% 6.8% 8.9% 4.5% 4.52%
Net Margin 11.3% 8.3% 10.2% 6.6% 8.7% 4.7% 7.5% 5.7% 12.4% 11.2% 11.3% 9.0% 11.3% 5.0% 17.7% 5.4% 6.9% 7.5% 9.3% 6.5% 6.49%
EBITDA Margin 21.5% 17.6% 20.2% 10.1% 10.6% 11.7% 16.3% 12.8% 21.3% 17.1% 18.2% 19.4% 20.8% 12.7% 27.1% 11.9% 14.8% 14.7% 16.3% 9.7% 9.66%
FCF Margin -3.5% -2.8% -1.3% -0.3% -0.2% -0.1% -2.1% -2.0% -1.1% -1.5% -1.3% -1.9% -4.0% -4.2% -3.8% -3.2% -0.2% 0.1% 0.4% 1.0% 0.97%
OCF Margin 9.9% 10.6% 11.4% 11.9% 11.0% 10.4% 8.2% 8.0% 9.1% 8.6% 9.0% 9.3% 7.6% 8.1% 9.1% 7.7% 10.1% 9.8% 9.2% 10.8% 10.80%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 12.45%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 11.37%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.74%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.52%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 3.54%
Cash ROA snapshot only 5.18%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 8.21%
CROIC snapshot only 0.73%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 5.75%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 10.17%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 2.27%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 7.70%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.129
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.651
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.937
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.038
Graham Number snapshot only $4517.73
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.09 1.07 1.07 1.09 1.10 1.06 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.15 1.18 1.19 1.18 1.23 1.21 1.26 1.27 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.274
Quick Ratio 0.93 1.07 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.93 0.98 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.07 1.06 1.10 1.11 1.10 1.12 1.12 1.122
Debt/Equity 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.06 1.03 1.04 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.07 1.09 1.06 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.08 1.08 1.082
Net Debt/Equity 0.69 0.68 0.70 0.68 0.72 0.74 0.74 0.71 0.72 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.71 0.65 0.72 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.88 0.67 0.666
Debt/Assets 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.409
Debt/EBITDA 4.03 3.80 3.87 4.89 6.29 6.82 6.49 6.11 5.20 4.75 4.44 4.28 4.44 4.42 4.20 4.43 4.75 4.71 5.77 6.14 6.142
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.73 2.59 2.70 3.30 4.26 4.76 4.65 4.19 3.54 3.12 2.84 2.63 2.89 2.72 2.73 2.61 2.78 2.71 4.68 3.78 3.782
Interest Coverage 100.12 117.52 118.27 157.44 101.51 47.36 34.51 29.70 34.23 54.28 64.62 67.78 74.06 55.26 38.58 27.26 25.72 29.64 35.66 53.65 53.646
Equity Multiplier 2.56 2.51 2.55 2.58 2.63 2.66 2.60 2.62 2.64 2.62 2.59 2.63 2.63 2.59 2.64 2.61 2.59 2.60 2.63 2.64 2.643
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.494
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 81.225
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.384
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.011
Defensive Interval snapshot only 2654.8 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.52 0.53 0.51 0.48 0.48 0.49 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.51 0.51 0.509
Inventory Turnover 8.87 18.53 8.17 7.57 7.36 13.08 7.86 7.64 7.41 7.43 8.41 8.06 7.75 7.91 8.49 8.36 8.31 8.69 9.13 8.67 8.671
Receivables Turnover 5.44 3.50 5.00 3.36 10.96 3.29 11.28 3.59 12.03 3.30 4.99 7.20 12.18 3.29 3.12 6.24 5.07 5.39 3.10 3.45 3.447
Payables Turnover 7.57 7.22 6.66 8.30 6.77 7.00 7.25 8.83 7.24 6.80 7.67 9.34 7.28 7.09 7.47 9.78 7.63 7.46 8.00 8.53 8.530
DSO 67 104 73 109 33 111 32 102 30 111 73 51 30 111 117 58 72 68 118 106 105.9 days
DIO 41 20 45 48 50 28 46 48 49 49 43 45 47 46 43 44 44 42 40 42 42.1 days
DPO 48 51 55 44 54 52 50 41 50 54 48 39 50 51 49 37 48 49 46 43 42.8 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 60 73 63 113 29 87 28 108 29 106 69 57 27 106 111 65 68 61 112 105 105.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.816
Operating Cycle snapshot only 148.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 3.048
Capital Intensity snapshot only 2.086
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 13.6% 20.4% 16.3% 15.3% 4.5% 7.3% 14.9% 18.4% 22.8% 23.3% 22.9% 21.4% 18.3% 12.0% 6.9% 6.5% 4.5% 6.4% 7.9% 5.6% 5.59%
Net Income 92.3% 1.2% 1.0% 26.9% -9.9% -20.5% -21.4% -14.0% 12.5% 55.0% 84.9% 1.0% 64.1% 10.2% 13.3% -3.6% -14.0% 8.7% -27.5% -19.2% -19.19%
EPS 92.1% 1.2% 1.1% 28.2% -8.3% -19.1% -20.1% -12.3% 14.0% 56.9% 86.8% 1.0% 65.2% 10.6% 13.5% -0.6% -11.1% 12.3% -25.1% -19.0% -18.99%
FCF -16.6% -52.3% 59.9% 89.7% 93.7% 97.7% -82.5% -6.0% -5.3% -29.2% 25.3% -12.2% -3.3% -2.2% -2.1% -85.4% 93.8% 1.0% 1.1% 1.3% 1.31%
EBITDA 95.8% 1.2% 87.4% 10.8% -24.0% -32.7% -32.5% -11.3% 33.4% 61.2% 74.3% 77.7% 42.2% 17.3% 23.3% 2.4% -7.6% 2.6% -22.5% -19.4% -19.41%
Op. Income 85.5% 1.2% 70.3% 30.6% -28.7% -39.2% -30.0% -11.5% 44.0% 99.0% 1.2% 1.1% 69.6% 26.9% -1.5% -10.4% -16.0% -17.5% -10.0% -21.4% -21.43%
OCF Growth snapshot only 48.16%
Asset Growth snapshot only 13.01%
Equity Growth snapshot only 11.39%
Debt Growth snapshot only 11.65%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.24%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 9.71%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 1.0% 1.6% 1.0% 1.3% 1.5% 2.9% 5.2% 7.5% 13.4% 16.8% 18.0% 18.3% 14.9% 14.0% 14.7% 15.3% 14.9% 13.7% 12.4% 10.9% 10.93%
Revenue 5Y 1.8% 2.7% 2.7% 2.6% 2.6% 3.2% 4.0% 4.8% 5.7% 6.8% 7.8% 8.3% 8.7% 8.5% 8.9% 9.9% 12.5% 13.7% 13.6% 13.3% 13.26%
EPS 3Y 7.5% 7.3% 19.7% 16.1% 13.9% 10.7% 0.7% 6.8% 26.2% 41.7% 45.7% 31.7% 20.0% 11.9% 19.2% 21.0% 18.7% 24.9% 16.7% 17.8% 17.85%
EPS 5Y 8.2% 11.5% 12.9% 11.0% 9.4% 6.9% 2.0% 1.3% 5.4% 9.4% 20.7% 22.8% 22.7% 18.7% 16.7% 19.7% 24.2% 28.7% 21.3% 13.0% 12.96%
Net Income 3Y 5.5% 5.6% 17.6% 14.8% 12.1% 9.2% -0.5% 5.7% 24.9% 39.3% 43.2% 30.1% 18.5% 10.7% 18.1% 18.7% 16.7% 22.9% 15.0% 16.2% 16.25%
Net Income 5Y 6.1% 9.4% 10.7% 9.3% 7.3% 5.0% 0.2% -0.3% 3.6% 7.7% 18.8% 21.3% 21.1% 17.3% 15.6% 18.1% 22.5% 26.5% 19.3% 11.4% 11.39%
EBITDA 3Y 12.6% 14.4% 14.4% 8.5% 2.5% 0.4% 1.1% 9.0% 25.7% 33.3% 30.1% 20.4% 13.0% 8.4% 13.2% 17.3% 20.6% 24.7% 18.6% 13.6% 13.61%
EBITDA 5Y 6.8% 10.2% 12.1% 8.5% 5.4% 3.6% 2.2% 3.1% 7.7% 10.2% 12.0% 15.0% 15.3% 13.9% 17.3% 18.7% 21.1% 23.3% 16.1% 7.6% 7.57%
Gross Profit 3Y 2.1% 3.5% 2.5% 3.1% 1.2% 0.9% 3.6% 5.3% 15.6% 22.5% 23.8% 24.7% 17.9% 16.4% 15.9% 17.1% 17.8% 15.9% 13.3% 10.3% 10.29%
Gross Profit 5Y 0.9% 3.3% 4.2% 4.2% 3.3% 2.8% 3.1% 2.8% 4.6% 7.2% 9.0% 11.5% 12.1% 12.1% 11.6% 12.1% 15.6% 15.5% 14.2% 11.9% 11.88%
Op. Income 3Y 8.2% 10.1% 7.9% 5.2% -3.5% -7.3% -4.5% 1.3% 24.0% 38.5% 37.0% 34.5% 20.3% 15.4% 14.2% 18.7% 27.1% 27.7% 24.2% 14.0% 14.02%
Op. Income 5Y 3.0% 7.5% 8.9% 7.6% 3.3% 1.1% 0.4% 1.2% 5.4% 10.1% 13.6% 16.8% 17.0% 15.0% 13.1% 14.4% 22.1% 22.7% 17.9% 11.4% 11.39%
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
OCF 3Y -8.7% -6.1% -5.8% -0.4% -2.9% -4.3% -8.5% -6.3% 1.9% 8.3% 15.6% 15.5% 5.4% 4.2% 6.3% -0.2% 11.5% 11.2% 16.9% 22.8% 22.84%
OCF 5Y -7.8% -4.1% -0.1% 1.7% 1.3% -2.0% -6.6% -6.8% -2.2% -2.2% -1.5% 2.2% -1.7% -1.3% 2.3% 0.6% 7.8% 11.4% 12.9% 15.0% 14.97%
Assets 3Y 6.5% 5.6% 7.6% 9.2% 11.3% 12.6% 10.0% 12.1% 12.7% 14.0% 13.2% 13.1% 15.1% 13.0% 14.2% 11.4% 9.1% 9.4% 12.7% 12.5% 12.50%
Assets 5Y 6.7% 7.1% 5.7% 6.8% 7.8% 8.2% 6.9% 8.1% 9.4% 9.8% 10.5% 11.7% 12.5% 11.3% 12.0% 12.2% 10.8% 11.6% 12.0% 11.2% 11.18%
Equity 3Y 8.4% 8.0% 9.3% 10.7% 11.9% 12.3% 10.7% 12.2% 13.6% 14.9% 14.3% 13.5% 14.0% 11.8% 12.9% 11.0% 9.6% 10.2% 12.3% 12.2% 12.19%
Book Value 3Y 10.4% 9.8% 11.3% 12.0% 13.7% 13.9% 12.1% 13.4% 14.7% 16.9% 16.3% 14.9% 15.4% 13.0% 14.0% 13.2% 11.5% 12.0% 14.0% 13.7% 13.74%
Dividend 3Y 4.1% 3.9% 5.6% 5.5% 3.9% 3.7% 2.1% 1.9% 5.4% 6.1% 8.4% 7.8% 8.7% 8.6% 9.8% 10.9% 7.1% 6.9% 4.6% 4.5% 4.47%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.20 0.35 0.28 0.33 0.42 0.54 0.57 0.61 0.64 0.72 0.79 0.84 0.88 0.95 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.972
Earnings Stability 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.39 0.23 0.10 0.07 0.20 0.31 0.34 0.54 0.65 0.76 0.79 0.71 0.77 0.77 0.86 0.59 0.55 0.547
Margin Stability 0.93 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.92 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.91 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.92 0.90 0.901
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.89 0.96 0.92 0.91 0.94 0.95 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.96 0.95 0.99 0.94 0.97 0.89 0.92 0.923
Earnings Smoothness 0.37 0.25 0.32 0.76 0.90 0.77 0.76 0.85 0.88 0.57 0.40 0.33 0.51 0.90 0.88 0.96 0.85 0.92 0.68 0.79 0.788
ROE Trend 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 -0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.04 -0.042
Gross Margin Trend 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04 -0.037
FCF Margin Trend -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.035
Sustainable Growth Rate 10.3% 10.8% 10.2% 8.6% 7.7% 6.8% 6.5% 6.3% 7.7% 10.2% 12.0% 13.0% 12.0% 9.8% 11.6% 10.4% 8.6% 9.6% 6.6% 6.9% 6.88%
Internal Growth Rate 4.1% 4.4% 4.1% 3.4% 3.0% 2.7% 2.6% 2.5% 3.0% 4.0% 4.9% 5.2% 4.8% 3.9% 4.6% 4.1% 3.4% 3.8% 2.6% 2.7% 2.69%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.01 1.05 1.14 1.31 1.31 1.41 1.19 1.21 1.17 0.92 0.87 0.85 0.71 0.88 0.83 0.78 1.14 1.04 1.26 1.42 1.422
FCF/OCF -0.36 -0.26 -0.12 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.26 -0.25 -0.12 -0.17 -0.14 -0.20 -0.52 -0.52 -0.41 -0.42 -0.02 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.089
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.127
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.777
CapEx/Revenue 13.4% 13.4% 12.7% 12.2% 11.3% 10.5% 10.3% 10.0% 10.1% 10.1% 10.2% 11.2% 11.6% 12.3% 12.8% 10.9% 10.3% 9.6% 8.8% 9.8% 9.83%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 2.083
Accruals Ratio -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.016
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.008
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.880
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.50%
Dividend/Share $48.00 $48.20 $51.27 $51.27 $52.30 $52.47 $53.40 $53.61 $60.27 $60.42 $65.23 $65.30 $75.12 $75.12 $84.07 $86.67 $90.42 $90.42 $95.08 $95.08 $100.00
Payout Ratio 22.5% 21.4% 22.9% 24.9% 26.7% 28.8% 29.9% 29.7% 27.0% 21.1% 19.6% 17.8% 20.4% 23.7% 22.2% 23.8% 27.6% 25.4% 33.5% 32.2% 32.18%
FCF Payout Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.8% 6.1% 2.5% 2.53%
Total Payout Ratio 23.2% 29.3% 33.2% 39.1% 45.5% 42.8% 47.4% 47.3% 38.4% 30.2% 25.9% 22.5% 24.7% 47.6% 43.5% 48.5% 54.7% 31.4% 37.1% 32.2% 32.19%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.72 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.69 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.71 0.71 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.71 0.75 0.747
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.90 0.91 0.91 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.04 1.11 1.107
EBIT Margin 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.09 0.092
Asset Turnover 0.52 0.53 0.51 0.48 0.48 0.49 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.51 0.51 0.509
Equity Multiplier 2.62 2.59 2.60 2.62 2.59 2.59 2.58 2.60 2.64 2.64 2.59 2.63 2.64 2.61 2.61 2.62 2.61 2.60 2.63 2.63 2.625
Per Share
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $213.46 $225.58 $223.42 $205.84 $195.82 $182.41 $178.47 $180.51 $223.22 $286.16 $333.44 $366.87 $368.76 $316.47 $378.50 $364.72 $327.87 $355.35 $283.59 $295.44 $295.44
Book Value/Share $1725.50 $1767.79 $1801.27 $1895.51 $1993.42 $2048.38 $2019.88 $2086.82 $2237.45 $2358.51 $2413.03 $2538.90 $2653.30 $2551.65 $2666.11 $2749.68 $2765.32 $2876.61 $2991.60 $3070.33 $3123.60
Tangible Book/Share $1646.78 $1686.12 $1717.64 $1809.42 $1906.75 $1960.05 $1930.47 $1994.84 $2141.62 $2261.64 $2315.06 $2485.71 $2552.59 $2453.97 $2568.63 $2645.34 $2660.66 $2771.70 $2887.32 $2963.21 $2963.21
Revenue/Share $2185.17 $2249.79 $2235.84 $2266.25 $2325.50 $2455.34 $2609.70 $2735.99 $2892.52 $3063.51 $3239.41 $3345.68 $3443.90 $3444.62 $3470.61 $3676.72 $3717.67 $3789.10 $3871.31 $3891.64 $4245.29
FCF/Share $-76.85 $-62.88 $-29.69 $-7.77 $-4.94 $-1.45 $-55.04 $-55.28 $-31.50 $-44.42 $-41.51 $-62.47 $-136.57 $-144.12 $-130.57 $-119.48 $-8.70 $5.07 $15.51 $37.58 $-68.82
OCF/Share $215.51 $237.79 $255.29 $268.85 $256.89 $256.34 $213.24 $217.61 $261.82 $264.32 $290.15 $312.08 $262.22 $278.08 $315.09 $282.96 $375.18 $370.15 $356.26 $420.26 $337.70
Cash/Share $563.31 $563.31 $545.73 $622.61 $683.17 $658.44 $590.59 $679.88 $751.99 $844.57 $906.62 $1047.15 $1011.65 $1043.95 $1030.60 $1218.37 $1225.38 $1298.07 $607.84 $1276.88 $845.11
EBITDA/Share $434.52 $465.71 $469.36 $391.72 $336.29 $319.00 $321.60 $354.17 $454.46 $520.42 $566.34 $633.91 $650.27 $612.94 $699.58 $669.72 $621.20 $649.92 $560.50 $541.07 $541.07
Debt/Share $1749.96 $1768.46 $1814.47 $1913.59 $2116.62 $2177.00 $2087.59 $2163.52 $2361.84 $2469.87 $2516.64 $2712.57 $2889.19 $2710.76 $2938.54 $2969.20 $2949.74 $3058.61 $3233.61 $3323.12 $3323.12
Net Debt/Share $1186.65 $1205.14 $1268.74 $1290.98 $1433.45 $1518.56 $1497.00 $1483.64 $1609.85 $1625.30 $1610.02 $1665.41 $1877.53 $1666.81 $1907.94 $1750.83 $1724.36 $1760.55 $2625.78 $2046.24 $2046.24
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 8 9 8 8 5 4 7 6 9 8 7 7 7 7 6 5 7 8 7 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.69 -2.46 -3.11 -2.37 -2.35 -2.14 -2.39 -2.30 -2.35 -2.36 0.10 -3.03 -2.29 -2.46 -2.22 1.64 0.02 -2.89 -2.36 -2.49 -2.493
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -11.029
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 17.09%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-1667.36
EVA snapshot only $-3753914320262.01
Credit
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB+
Credit Score 55.60 58.45 57.58 56.76 55.34 56.77 55.90 56.41 56.30 57.96 58.86 58.70 59.22 60.75 60.75 60.25 61.43 62.64 61.16 60.74 60.742
Credit Grade snapshot only 8
Credit Trend snapshot only 0.496
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 225.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 67
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 49

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