$53.70

Last traded 2022-10-27 — delisted

NYSE · Communication Services · Internet Content & Information · $41.1B mcap

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Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

NO EDGE

37.0 / 100

NoneWeakNarrowWide

Primary source: Efficient Scale · ROIC: -0.6% · 5Y Avg: 9.4%

Cost Advantage

Intangibles

Switching Cost

Network Effect

Scale ★

The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. TWTR has No discernible competitive edge (37.0/100). The business operates without significant structural advantages. The primary source of advantage is Efficient Scale. Negative ROIC of -0.6% indicates the company is currently destroying value, though this may reflect a growth investment phase.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets

$37

Low

$47

Avg Target

$54

High

Based on 3 analysts since Jul 22, 2022 earnings

Analyst Recommendations

Strong Buy: 0Buy: 16Hold: 48Sell: 7Strong Sell: 0

Rating Summary

ConsensusHold

Avg Target$—

Analysts0

Price Target Change History

Date	Firm	Analyst	Old	New	Change	Upside @ Call	Stock@Call
2022-10-21	Wedbush	Daniel Ives	$50	$54	+4	+8.8%	$49.81
2022-08-30	Wedbush	Daniel Ives	$30	$50	+20	+26.9%	$39.41
2022-08-24	Rosenblatt Securities	Barton Crockett	$33	$37	+4	-7.2%	$39.86
2022-07-12	Wedbush	Dan Ives	$43	$30	-13	-11.9%	$34.06
2022-07-08	Wedbush	Daniel Ives	$39	$43	+4	+15.9%	$37.10
2022-06-21	Rosenblatt Securities	Barton Crockett	$54	$33	-21	-15.0%	$38.84
2022-05-16	Citigroup	Ronald Josey	$50	$54	+4	+45.8%	$37.18
2022-05-13	Loop Capital Markets	Sam Bankman-Fried	$51	$108	+57	+163.8%	$41.11
2022-05-13	Wedbush	Dan Ives	$54	$39	-15	-13.8%	$45.08
2022-04-28	BMO Capital	Daniel Salmon	$40	$54	+14	+9.1%	$49.49
2022-04-27	Wedbush	Ygal Arounian	$45	$54	+9	+11.0%	$48.64
2022-04-27	Rosenblatt Securities	—	$48	$54	+6	+11.1%	$48.80
2022-04-26	Deutsche Bank	—	$54	$54	0	+6.6%	$50.86
2022-04-26	Mizuho Securities	—	$46	$54	+8	+5.5%	$51.20
2022-04-26	Stifel Nicolaus	—	$39	$54	+15	+4.8%	$51.70
2022-04-25	Wells Fargo	Brian Fitzgerald	Initiated	$54	—	+4.8%	$51.70
2022-04-24	Deutsche Bank	Benjamin Black CFA	$35	$54	+19	+4.8%	$51.70
2022-04-20	Truist Financial	Youssef Squali	$50	$50	0	+6.2%	$47.08
2022-04-20	Citigroup	—	$47	$50	+3	+8.3%	$46.16
2022-04-19	Rosenblatt Securities	—	Initiated	$48	—	+0.4%	$47.80
2022-04-13	Wedbush	Ygal Arounian	$42	$45	+3	-0.2%	$45.08
2022-04-13	CFRA	Angelo Zino	$42	$55	+13	+22.0%	$45.08
2022-04-09	Bank of America Securities	Justin Post	Initiated	$54	—	+16.8%	$46.23
2022-04-05	Jefferies	Brent Thill	Initiated	$48	—	-5.8%	$50.98
2022-04-04	MKM Partners	Rohit Kulkarni	$51	$49	-2	-3.9%	$50.98
2022-04-03	Truist Financial	Youssef Squali	$60	$50	-10	+0.1%	$49.97
2022-04-02	Loop Capital Markets	Alan Gould	$65	$51	-14	+29.7%	$39.31
2022-03-12	Deutsche Bank	Benjamin Black	Initiated	$35	—	+6.1%	$33.00
2022-02-16	Cantor Fitzgerald	Brian Fitzgerald	Initiated	$42	—	+15.9%	$36.24
2022-02-10	Evercore ISI	Mark Mahaney	Initiated	$60	—	+67.4%	$35.84
2022-02-10	Oppenheimer	Jason Helfstein	Initiated	$60	—	+67.4%	$35.84
2022-02-10	Barclays	Ross Sandler	Initiated	$34	—	-5.1%	$35.84
2022-02-10	BMO Capital	Daniel Salmon	Initiated	$40	—	+11.6%	$35.84
2022-02-10	Morgan Stanley	Brian Nowak	Initiated	$59	—	+64.6%	$35.84
2022-02-10	Susquehanna	Shyam Patil	Initiated	$50	—	+39.5%	$35.84
2022-02-10	Wolfe Research	Deepak Mathivanan	Initiated	$45	—	+25.6%	$35.84
2022-02-10	J.P. Morgan	Doug Anmuth	Initiated	$56	—	+56.2%	$35.84
2022-02-10	Wedbush	Ygal Arounian	Initiated	$42	—	+17.2%	$35.84
2022-02-09	Robert W. Baird	Colin Sebastian	Initiated	$46	—	+24.1%	$37.08
2022-02-09	Piper Sandler	Thomas Champion	$54	$46	-8	+24.1%	$37.08
2022-02-09	Goldman Sachs	Eric Sheridan	Initiated	$30	—	-19.1%	$37.08
2022-02-09	Mizuho Securities	James Lee	Initiated	$46	—	+24.1%	$37.08
2022-02-02	KeyBanc	Justin Patterson	Initiated	$40	—	+16.0%	$34.48
2022-01-30	Stifel Nicolaus	Mark Kelley	Initiated	$39	—	+4.0%	$37.51
2022-01-28	MKM Partners	Rohit Kulkarni	Initiated	$51	—	+44.6%	$35.27
2022-01-23	CFRA	Angelo Zino	Initiated	$42	—	+19.8%	$35.06
2022-01-15	Truist Financial	Youssef Squali	Initiated	$60	—	+56.1%	$38.44
2022-01-12	Cowen & Co.	John Blackledge	Initiated	$50	—	+29.2%	$38.70
2021-12-22	Loop Capital Markets	Alan Gould	Initiated	$65	—	+48.1%	$43.90
2021-12-02	Piper Sandler	Thomas Champion	Initiated	$54	—	+26.6%	$42.65

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 33 Grade D

Profitability

Balance Sheet

Earnings Quality

Growth

Value

Momentum

Safety

Cash Flow

The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. TWTR scores highest in Safety (80/100) and lowest in Cash Flow (12/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score

3.09

Safe Zone

Piotroski F-Score

5/9

✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓

Beneish M-Score

-2.35

Unlikely Manipulator

Ohlson O-Score

-7.53

Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%

Low Risk

Credit Rating

BB+

Score: 46.8/100

Trend: Deteriorating

Earnings Quality

—

OCF/NI: -0.15x

Accruals: -0.9%

The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. TWTR scores 3.09, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. TWTR scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. TWTR's score of -2.35 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. TWTR's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. TWTR receives an estimated rating of BB+ (score: 46.8/100), with a deteriorating trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E

-191.79x

PEG

7.55x

P/S

8.09x

P/B

5.86x

P/FCF

-33.63x

P/OCF

1756.33x

EV/EBITDA

46.77x

EV/Revenue

5.60x

EV/EBIT

2212.95x

EV/FCF

-34.33x

Earnings Yield

-0.39%

FCF Yield

-2.97%

Shareholder Yield

11.92%

Graham Number

—

Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. TWTR currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden

2.251

NI / EBT

Interest Burden

-3.755

EBT / EBIT

EBIT Margin

0.003

EBIT / Rev

Asset Turnover

0.362

Rev / Assets

Equity Multiplier

2.118

Assets / Equity

ROE

-1.6%

The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. TWTR's ROE of -1.6% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.362), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 2.25 indicates minimal tax leakage — the company retains over 90% of pre-tax earnings.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate

0.00%

Fair P/E

8.50x

Intrinsic Value

—

Price/Value

—

Margin of Safety

—

Premium

—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price

$53.70

Median 1Y

$51.08

5th Pctile

$20.91

95th Pctile

$124.70

Ann. Volatility

53.1%

25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
ROE	-7.7%	-2.2%	0.3%	4.5%	18.5%	20.3%	21.7%	33.8%	21.6%	18.9%	15.9%	-15.4%	-15.3%	-13.6%	-12.8%	5.0%	-2.4%	-2.9%	3.3%	-1.6%	-1.64%
ROA	-5.3%	-1.5%	0.2%	2.9%	12.4%	13.7%	14.3%	22.0%	15.0%	12.8%	10.3%	-9.8%	-10.0%	-8.7%	-7.4%	2.8%	-1.3%	-1.6%	1.6%	-0.8%	-0.77%
ROIC	-7.5%	1.3%	3.4%	12.0%	37.8%	39.2%	39.8%	50.9%	33.7%	25.7%	25.8%	-1.9%	-1.5%	0.4%	-1.2%	7.0%	-6.2%	-6.1%	2.9%	-0.6%	-0.57%
ROCE	-3.8%	0.1%	1.9%	3.8%	5.2%	6.4%	6.3%	5.8%	5.4%	4.5%	3.2%	0.3%	0.2%	0.9%	1.1%	3.8%	-2.3%	-2.8%	3.4%	0.1%	0.11%
Gross Margin	64.4%	70.2%	66.5%	67.6%	67.9%	70.5%	66.4%	67.0%	65.9%	68.8%	64.8%	57.9%	61.4%	66.4%	63.2%	65.0%	62.3%	67.1%	57.7%	54.0%	54.05%
Operating Margin	1.2%	15.0%	11.3%	11.2%	12.1%	22.8%	11.9%	9.0%	5.4%	15.2%	-0.9%	-40.1%	6.0%	19.5%	5.0%	2.5%	-57.8%	10.5%	70.3%	-26.6%	-26.56%
Net Margin	-3.6%	12.4%	9.2%	14.1%	1.0%	28.1%	24.2%	1.3%	4.4%	11.8%	-1.0%	-2.0%	3.1%	17.2%	6.6%	5.5%	-41.8%	11.6%	42.7%	-22.9%	-22.95%
EBITDA Margin	18.1%	29.1%	28.2%	28.4%	31.3%	39.0%	31.4%	28.7%	24.8%	29.9%	17.1%	-18.4%	20.4%	30.5%	18.7%	19.3%	-45.2%	21.8%	83.6%	-11.8%	-11.84%
FCF Margin	27.3%	27.4%	25.6%	23.5%	26.3%	28.1%	30.8%	32.0%	26.6%	22.0%	17.8%	13.6%	6.1%	3.2%	5.2%	6.1%	6.8%	-7.5%	-11.9%	-16.3%	-16.30%
OCF Margin	34.2%	34.0%	34.0%	37.2%	42.1%	44.0%	45.8%	44.5%	40.4%	37.7%	34.4%	31.9%	27.4%	26.7%	28.8%	29.6%	31.1%	12.5%	7.0%	0.3%	0.31%
ROE 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				-4.33%
ROE 5Y Avg	snapshot only																				3.88%
ROA 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				-2.71%
ROIC 3Y Avg	snapshot only																				-9.06%
ROIC Economic	snapshot only																				-0.30%
Cash ROA	snapshot only																				0.12%
Cash ROIC	snapshot only																				0.25%
CROIC	snapshot only																				-13.06%
NOPAT Margin	snapshot only																				-0.71%
Pretax Margin	snapshot only																				-0.95%
R&D / Revenue	snapshot only																				29.12%
SGA / Revenue	snapshot only																				37.09%
SBC / Revenue	snapshot only																				15.31%

Valuation

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
P/E Ratio	-33.93	-167.67	1532.99	145.99	21.21	18.50	19.15	11.63	20.33	17.25	15.14	-19.02	-28.96	-38.93	-52.39	155.58	-266.26	-168.86	144.93	-256.49	-191.786
P/S Ratio	5.12	7.42	8.68	12.51	7.71	7.33	8.08	8.31	9.69	7.31	5.51	7.05	10.45	11.90	14.07	13.43	10.04	7.36	6.19	5.48	8.093
P/B Ratio	2.57	3.59	4.26	6.06	3.42	3.28	3.61	3.28	3.87	2.90	2.18	3.06	4.59	5.55	7.17	7.75	6.72	5.12	5.49	4.83	5.861
P/FCF	18.72	27.02	33.84	53.15	29.33	26.07	26.23	26.01	36.39	33.14	31.02	51.85	170.63	369.88	271.49	221.03	148.60	-98.68	-51.92	-33.63	-33.632
P/OCF	14.98	21.80	25.52	33.67	18.32	16.65	17.65	18.68	23.98	19.39	16.00	22.08	38.18	44.52	48.84	45.40	32.31	59.09	88.02	1756.33	1756.327
EV/EBITDA	56.20	38.03	37.10	43.33	22.38	19.14	21.09	21.82	27.41	22.06	17.01	37.11	63.00	69.03	81.12	57.15	195.23	197.55	32.97	46.77	46.771
EV/Revenue	4.06	6.31	7.59	11.39	6.56	6.18	6.94	7.16	8.54	6.34	4.33	5.78	9.27	11.09	13.43	12.95	9.63	7.19	6.26	5.60	5.598
EV/EBIT	-39.83	1571.24	145.32	97.15	43.46	33.79	36.65	37.48	48.86	41.50	36.52	520.59	1431.93	404.32	359.37	117.17	-158.74	-101.50	77.94	2212.95	2212.953
EV/FCF	14.85	23.01	29.59	48.39	24.97	21.96	22.52	22.39	32.08	28.75	24.36	42.56	151.33	344.86	259.12	212.99	142.55	-96.43	-52.50	-34.33	-34.332
Earnings Yield	-2.9%	-0.6%	0.1%	0.7%	4.7%	5.4%	5.2%	8.6%	4.9%	5.8%	6.6%	-5.3%	-3.5%	-2.6%	-1.9%	0.6%	-0.4%	-0.6%	0.7%	-0.4%	-0.39%
FCF Yield	5.3%	3.7%	3.0%	1.9%	3.4%	3.8%	3.8%	3.8%	2.7%	3.0%	3.2%	1.9%	0.6%	0.3%	0.4%	0.5%	0.7%	-1.0%	-1.9%	-3.0%	-2.97%
PEG Ratio	snapshot only																				7.554
Price/Tangible Book	snapshot only																				6.265
EV/OCF	snapshot only																				1792.865
EV/Gross Profit	snapshot only																				9.201
Shareholder Yield	snapshot only																				11.92%

Leverage & Solvency

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
Current Ratio	10.40	9.12	10.23	11.00	4.61	4.69	4.47	4.33	8.69	9.15	11.93	10.10	4.44	4.42	4.84	4.31	4.09	5.89	6.58	7.15	7.150
Quick Ratio	10.40	9.12	10.23	11.00	4.61	4.69	4.47	4.33	8.69	9.15	11.93	10.10	4.44	4.42	4.84	4.31	4.09	5.89	6.58	7.15	7.150
Debt/Equity	0.35	0.34	0.33	0.47	0.41	0.40	0.40	0.34	0.23	0.38	0.40	0.47	0.46	0.56	0.81	0.83	0.76	0.76	1.12	1.13	1.132
Net Debt/Equity	-0.53	-0.53	-0.54	-0.54	-0.51	-0.52	-0.51	-0.46	-0.46	-0.39	-0.47	-0.55	-0.52	-0.38	-0.33	-0.28	-0.27	-0.12	0.06	0.10	0.101
Debt/Assets	0.24	0.23	0.23	0.30	0.27	0.27	0.26	0.23	0.17	0.26	0.26	0.28	0.28	0.34	0.42	0.42	0.37	0.39	0.49	0.49	0.495
Debt/EBITDA	9.62	4.22	3.32	3.73	3.18	2.75	2.73	2.66	1.87	3.31	4.02	6.90	7.17	7.51	9.61	6.38	23.02	29.99	6.66	10.73	10.734
Net Debt/EBITDA	-14.66	-6.63	-5.33	-4.26	-3.91	-3.58	-3.47	-3.53	-3.68	-3.37	-4.65	-8.10	-8.04	-5.01	-3.87	-2.16	-8.28	-4.62	0.37	0.95	0.953
Interest Coverage	-2.38	0.09	1.25	2.86	3.54	4.19	4.19	4.16	3.94	3.82	3.07	0.27	0.16	0.67	1.11	4.60	-3.62	-7.03	7.88	0.21	0.210
Equity Multiplier	1.47	1.47	1.45	1.59	1.51	1.49	1.57	1.50	1.38	1.46	1.54	1.64	1.68	1.68	1.94	1.99	2.03	1.92	2.29	2.29	2.289
Cash Ratio	snapshot only																				6.017
Debt Service Coverage	snapshot only																				9.950
Cash to Debt	snapshot only																				0.911
FCF to Debt	snapshot only																				-0.127
Defensive Interval	snapshot only																				751.8 days

Efficiency & Turnover

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
Asset Turnover	0.35	0.34	0.35	0.34	0.34	0.35	0.34	0.31	0.31	0.30	0.28	0.27	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.32	0.35	0.37	0.37	0.36	0.362
Inventory Turnover	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Receivables Turnover	4.42	3.72	4.55	4.67	4.98	4.13	4.76	4.81	4.98	4.17	5.11	4.95	4.72	3.93	5.24	5.73	5.45	4.50	5.83	5.43	5.427
Payables Turnover	9.15	5.87	7.71	6.56	8.32	6.10	6.49	5.73	8.16	7.42	6.50	6.34	6.37	7.69	7.25	6.53	7.64	9.05	9.40	8.56	8.558
DSO	83	98	80	78	73	88	77	76	73	88	71	74	77	93	70	64	67	81	63	67	67.3 days
DIO	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0 days
DPO	40	62	47	56	44	60	56	64	45	49	56	58	57	47	50	56	48	40	39	43	42.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle	43	36	33	22	29	29	20	12	29	38	15	16	20	45	19	8	19	41	24	25	24.6 days
Fixed Asset Turnover	snapshot only																				1.474
Cash Velocity	snapshot only																				0.854
Capital Intensity	snapshot only																				2.597

Growth (YoY)

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
Revenue	-3.7%	-3.4%	3.1%	9.8%	18.0%	24.5%	23.6%	22.2%	17.3%	13.7%	10.0%	0.8%	2.2%	7.4%	13.4%	34.0%	39.7%	36.6%	32.9%	17.5%	17.45%
Net Income	3.6%	76.3%	1.0%	1.5%	3.8%	12.2%	91.1%	9.2%	53.9%	21.6%	-5.2%	-1.5%	-1.8%	-1.8%	-1.8%	1.3%	85.4%	80.5%	1.2%	-1.3%	-1.29%
EPS	7.9%	77.6%	1.0%	1.5%	3.7%	11.8%	89.7%	9.0%	51.0%	19.6%	-5.5%	-1.5%	-1.8%	-1.7%	-1.7%	1.3%	85.2%	81.6%	1.2%	-1.3%	-1.33%
FCF	60.0%	23.2%	8.6%	10.4%	13.4%	27.6%	48.5%	65.9%	18.9%	-10.9%	-36.6%	-57.1%	-76.5%	-84.3%	-66.9%	-40.1%	54.2%	-4.2%	-4.1%	-4.2%	-4.15%
EBITDA	69.1%	5.6%	4.5%	6.2%	3.8%	1.4%	98.8%	52.5%	24.7%	1.2%	-15.0%	-52.1%	-51.8%	-39.9%	-26.2%	94.7%	-53.1%	-69.0%	52.4%	-37.9%	-37.94%
Op. Income	26.1%	1.1%	1.4%	1.9%	2.7%	10.7%	2.1%	72.1%	17.9%	-19.2%	-43.8%	-1.2%	-1.2%	-92.7%	-67.5%	5.6%	-4.6%	-19.6%	2.4%	-1.1%	-1.12%
OCF Growth	snapshot only																				-98.76%
Asset Growth	snapshot only																				-11.38%
Equity Growth	snapshot only																				-23.12%
Debt Growth	snapshot only																				4.44%
Shares Change	snapshot only																				-11.77%
Dividend Growth	snapshot only																				197.70%

Growth (CAGR)

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
Revenue 3Y	27.7%	20.3%	17.2%	14.9%	13.0%	11.1%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	11.0%	11.9%	10.6%	12.2%	15.0%	15.5%	18.2%	18.8%	18.6%	18.3%	16.6%	16.64%
Revenue 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	65.8%	45.0%	32.6%	23.6%	19.8%	17.0%	13.3%	11.6%	10.9%	10.7%	12.4%	13.7%	15.0%	16.1%	16.3%	16.32%
EPS 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	13.9%	—	—	-46.2%	—	—
EPS 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Net Income 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	18.5%	—	—	-44.9%	—	—
Net Income 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
EBITDA 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.7%	1.2%	1.5%	1.1%	74.1%	42.3%	13.8%	7.6%	12.5%	-34.4%	-42.7%	-1.5%	-16.7%	-16.66%
EBITDA 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	80.6%	18.0%	24.7%	59.9%	44.9%	44.87%
Gross Profit 3Y	25.8%	18.3%	16.1%	14.6%	13.4%	11.7%	10.7%	10.6%	10.6%	13.3%	15.0%	13.1%	13.9%	14.1%	13.5%	16.3%	16.5%	16.4%	15.4%	12.4%	12.38%
Gross Profit 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	74.1%	48.9%	34.6%	25.0%	19.4%	16.5%	12.3%	10.3%	9.6%	9.3%	11.5%	12.9%	15.5%	16.8%	16.4%	16.36%
Op. Income 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	-11.7%	-17.6%	12.8%	—	—	-14.4%	—	—
Op. Income 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
FCF 3Y	—	—	—	—	—	1.9%	1.0%	53.2%	29.2%	11.9%	0.8%	-7.8%	-31.8%	-43.7%	-32.2%	-24.7%	-24.5%	—	—	—	—
FCF 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	27.3%	12.2%	-1.6%	-4.8%	—	—	—	—
OCF 3Y	1.9%	1.2%	87.9%	92.9%	54.5%	51.8%	47.3%	36.4%	26.8%	19.5%	14.2%	10.8%	4.2%	6.1%	9.3%	9.6%	7.3%	-22.1%	-36.6%	-77.7%	-77.67%
OCF 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.1%	64.6%	1.1%	74.0%	55.6%	50.0%	23.5%	21.0%	20.2%	17.9%	17.5%	-3.7%	-14.4%	-53.8%	-53.84%
Assets 3Y	9.1%	9.9%	10.1%	12.5%	15.7%	16.4%	19.8%	23.7%	19.8%	22.7%	25.2%	21.7%	22.8%	21.8%	25.7%	20.0%	14.4%	11.4%	6.7%	2.7%	2.74%
Assets 5Y	—	—	—	—	—	24.7%	27.1%	28.4%	16.3%	17.9%	19.1%	15.0%	15.8%	15.7%	18.3%	18.3%	16.7%	15.4%	14.5%	14.3%	14.29%
Equity 3Y	11.1%	11.6%	12.2%	9.6%	14.7%	15.9%	16.6%	22.3%	22.0%	23.6%	23.3%	17.4%	17.4%	16.4%	14.1%	11.5%	3.6%	2.4%	-5.9%	-10.8%	-10.75%
Book Value 3Y	4.6%	5.1%	5.7%	3.8%	9.3%	11.0%	12.1%	17.7%	17.4%	19.6%	20.1%	14.6%	13.9%	13.4%	9.2%	7.2%	2.6%	-1.2%	-8.2%	-10.0%	-10.05%
Dividend 3Y	-19.7%	-6.5%	-6.4%	-6.0%	-5.4%	2.4%	2.9%	2.9%	2.9%	9.4%	10.2%	10.4%	9.7%	-50.9%	-51.7%	-51.5%	-50.0%	4.4%	4.5%	4.6%	4.64%

Growth Quality

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
Revenue Stability	0.81	0.74	0.76	0.79	0.82	0.86	0.87	0.90	0.93	0.95	0.98	0.97	0.96	0.94	0.92	0.82	0.81	0.85	0.89	0.91	0.911
Earnings Stability	0.83	0.61	0.80	0.81	0.77	0.61	0.69	0.68	0.86	0.83	0.83	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.004
Margin Stability	0.95	0.97	0.96	0.95	0.95	0.91	0.94	0.95	0.95	0.97	0.96	0.95	0.95	0.97	0.97	0.98	0.97	0.96	0.96	0.95	0.952
Rev. Growth Consistency	0.00	0.00	1.00	0.50	0.50	0.50	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency	1.00	1.00	0.50	0.50	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.00	0.000
FCF Positive Streak	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
Earnings Persistence	0.99	0.50	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.98	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.50	0.50	0.20	0.20	0.200
Earnings Smoothness	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.00	0.00	0.58	0.81	0.95	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ROE Trend	0.03	0.09	0.10	0.13	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.31	0.15	0.09	0.05	-0.32	-0.33	-0.32	-0.30	-0.01	-0.04	-0.04	0.03	0.04	0.037
Gross Margin Trend	-0.06	-0.00	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.01	-0.00	-0.03	-0.04	-0.04	-0.05	-0.02	-0.01	-0.01	-0.02	-0.04	-0.037
FCF Margin Trend	0.19	0.16	0.11	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.08	-0.00	-0.06	-0.10	-0.14	-0.20	-0.22	-0.19	-0.17	-0.10	-0.20	-0.23	-0.26	-0.261
Sustainable Growth Rate	—	—	-0.2%	4.0%	18.0%	19.8%	21.2%	33.4%	21.2%	18.4%	15.4%	—	—	—	—	4.9%	—	—	-10.7%	—	—
Internal Growth Rate	—	—	—	2.7%	13.8%	15.5%	16.3%	27.8%	17.3%	14.2%	11.0%	—	—	—	—	2.8%	—	—	—	—	—

Cash Flow Quality

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
OCF/Net Income	-2.27	-7.69	60.06	4.34	1.16	1.11	1.08	0.62	0.85	0.89	0.95	-0.86	-0.76	-0.87	-1.07	3.43	-8.24	-2.86	1.65	-0.15	-0.146
FCF/OCF	0.80	0.81	0.75	0.63	0.62	0.64	0.67	0.72	0.66	0.59	0.52	0.43	0.22	0.12	0.18	0.21	0.22	-0.60	-1.70	-52.22	-52.221
FCF/Net Income	snapshot only																				7.626
OCF/EBITDA	snapshot only																				0.026
CapEx/Revenue	6.8%	6.6%	8.4%	13.6%	15.8%	15.9%	15.0%	12.5%	13.8%	15.6%	16.7%	18.3%	21.2%	23.5%	23.6%	23.5%	24.3%	19.9%	19.0%	16.6%	16.62%
CapEx/Depreciation	snapshot only																				1.418
Accruals Ratio	-0.17	-0.13	-0.12	-0.10	-0.02	-0.02	-0.01	0.08	0.02	0.01	0.01	-0.18	-0.18	-0.16	-0.15	-0.07	-0.12	-0.06	-0.01	-0.01	-0.009
Sloan Accruals	snapshot only																				-0.126
Cash Flow Adequacy	snapshot only																				0.009

Dividends & Buybacks

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
Dividend Yield	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	2.6%	2.9%	3.3%	0.00%
Dividend/Share	$0.03	$0.03	$0.03	$0.03	$0.03	$0.04	$0.04	$0.04	$0.04	$0.05	$0.05	$0.05	$0.05	$0.01	$0.01	$0.01	$0.01	$1.10	$1.14	$1.24	$0.00
Payout Ratio	—	—	1.7%	10.4%	2.3%	2.4%	2.2%	1.2%	1.8%	2.9%	3.3%	—	—	—	—	1.4%	—	—	4.3%	—	—
FCF Payout Ratio	3.7%	3.6%	3.6%	3.8%	3.2%	3.4%	3.0%	2.8%	3.3%	5.6%	6.9%	9.4%	20.2%	4.6%	2.7%	2.0%	1.7%	—	—	—	—
Total Payout Ratio	—	—	3.3%	20.7%	4.6%	4.9%	4.4%	2.5%	3.7%	5.8%	6.7%	—	—	—	—	1.9%	—	—	17.0%	—	—
Div. Increase Streak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chowder Number	-0.38	-0.02	-0.02	-0.02	-0.02	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	-0.87	-0.87	-0.87	-0.87	174.33	174.33	174.34	174.336
Buyback Yield	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.6%	0.7%	1.2%	1.9%	2.5%	8.8%	8.6%	8.59%
Net Buyback Yield	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	-0.5%	-0.8%	-0.0%	-0.0%	-0.4%	-0.4%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.4%	0.3%	0.9%	1.4%	1.9%	8.6%	8.5%	8.49%
Total Shareholder Return	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	-0.5%	-0.7%	0.1%	0.1%	-0.3%	-0.3%	0.3%	0.4%	0.3%	0.2%	0.4%	0.3%	0.9%	1.4%	4.4%	11.5%	11.8%	11.82%

DuPont Factors

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT)	1.04	1.13	0.54	1.12	3.35	2.85	2.93	4.93	3.65	3.76	4.55	12.46	10.60	22.29	-72.55	1.00	0.49	0.54	0.61	2.25	2.251
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT)	1.42	-9.72	0.20	0.65	0.72	0.76	0.76	0.76	0.75	0.74	0.67	-2.68	-5.26	-0.50	0.10	0.78	1.28	1.14	0.87	-3.76	-3.755
EBIT Margin	-0.10	0.00	0.05	0.12	0.15	0.18	0.19	0.19	0.17	0.15	0.12	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04	0.11	-0.06	-0.07	0.08	0.00	0.003
Asset Turnover	0.35	0.34	0.35	0.34	0.34	0.35	0.34	0.31	0.31	0.30	0.28	0.27	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.32	0.35	0.37	0.37	0.36	0.362
Equity Multiplier	1.46	1.48	1.46	1.54	1.49	1.48	1.52	1.54	1.44	1.47	1.55	1.57	1.52	1.56	1.73	1.81	1.85	1.80	2.09	2.12	2.118

Per Share

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
EPS (Diluted TTM)	$-0.50	$-0.14	$0.02	$0.30	$1.34	$1.55	$1.72	$3.00	$2.03	$1.86	$1.62	$-1.57	$-1.54	$-1.39	$-1.21	$0.44	$-0.23	$-0.26	$0.27	$-0.15	$-0.15
Book Value/Share	$6.56	$6.69	$6.80	$7.21	$8.32	$8.77	$9.12	$10.63	$10.65	$11.04	$11.27	$9.74	$9.69	$9.76	$8.87	$8.88	$8.99	$8.45	$7.04	$7.74	$9.16
Tangible Book/Share	$4.87	$5.05	$5.19	$5.56	$6.68	$7.13	$7.48	$8.98	$9.01	$7.78	$9.56	$8.03	$8.02	$6.48	$7.29	$7.29	$7.31	$5.36	$5.42	$5.97	$5.97
Revenue/Share	$3.30	$3.24	$3.34	$3.49	$3.69	$3.92	$4.07	$4.20	$4.25	$4.39	$4.46	$4.23	$4.26	$4.55	$4.52	$5.12	$6.01	$5.87	$6.25	$6.82	$6.37
FCF/Share	$0.90	$0.89	$0.86	$0.82	$0.97	$1.10	$1.25	$1.34	$1.13	$0.97	$0.79	$0.57	$0.26	$0.15	$0.23	$0.31	$0.41	$-0.44	$-0.75	$-1.11	$-0.24
OCF/Share	$1.13	$1.10	$1.14	$1.30	$1.55	$1.73	$1.86	$1.87	$1.72	$1.65	$1.54	$1.35	$1.17	$1.22	$1.30	$1.52	$1.87	$0.73	$0.44	$0.02	$1.02
Cash/Share	$5.78	$5.83	$5.91	$7.33	$7.68	$8.00	$8.31	$8.52	$7.36	$8.42	$9.83	$9.88	$9.53	$9.16	$10.10	$9.90	$9.29	$7.40	$7.47	$7.98	$8.03
EBITDA/Share	$0.24	$0.54	$0.68	$0.92	$1.08	$1.26	$1.34	$1.38	$1.33	$1.26	$1.13	$0.66	$0.63	$0.73	$0.75	$1.16	$0.30	$0.21	$1.19	$0.82	$0.82
Debt/Share	$2.29	$2.27	$2.27	$3.42	$3.44	$3.47	$3.66	$3.66	$2.48	$4.17	$4.55	$4.55	$4.49	$5.49	$7.20	$7.40	$6.83	$6.41	$7.90	$8.76	$8.76
Net Debt/Share	$-3.49	$-3.57	$-3.65	$-3.91	$-4.23	$-4.53	$-4.65	$-4.86	$-4.88	$-4.25	$-5.27	$-5.34	$-5.03	$-3.66	$-2.90	$-2.50	$-2.46	$-0.99	$0.43	$0.78	$0.78

Academic Models

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
Altman Z-Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	3.092
Altman Z-Prime	snapshot only																				6.735
Piotroski F-Score	5	6	7	6	5	6	4	5	6	6	3	4	2	3	3	6	6	6	7	5	5
Beneish M-Score	-3.42	-3.14	-2.85	-2.71	-2.18	-2.15	-2.23	-1.63	-2.11	-2.21	-2.39	-3.67	-3.26	-3.09	-2.96	-2.14	-2.64	-2.56	-2.35	-2.35	-2.351
Ohlson O-Score	snapshot only																				-7.532
ROIC (Greenblatt)	snapshot only																				0.13%
Net-Net WC	snapshot only																				$-0.49
EVA	snapshot only																				$-690110730.00

Credit

Metric	Q3'17	Q4'17	Q1'18	Q2'18	Q3'18	Q4'18	Q1'19	Q2'19	Q3'19	Q4'19	Q1'20	Q2'20	Q3'20	Q4'20	Q1'21	Q2'21	Q3'21	Q4'21	Q1'22	Q2'22	Current
Credit Rating	snapshot only																				BB+
Credit Score	53.99	61.50	65.15	69.15	73.17	77.29	75.36	77.94	79.49	74.10	65.56	55.85	57.21	54.02	56.10	67.34	53.57	50.82	68.26	46.79	46.794
Credit Grade	snapshot only																				11
Credit Trend	snapshot only																				-20.544
Implied Spread (bps)	snapshot only																				400.000
Industry Credit Rank	snapshot only																				37
Sector Credit Rank	snapshot only																				41

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Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

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