— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: VAIAS.HE (HEL) · $vol 2M · 0GEG.L (LSE) · $vol 0M

VAIAF OTC

Vaisala Oyj
1W: +0.0% 1M: +10.9% 3M: +11.4% YTD: +24.4% 1Y: +23.8% 3Y: +81.0% 5Y: +33.2%
$65.32
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Technology · Hardware, Equipment & Parts · Tech Score Buy · Power 72 · $2.4B mcap · 20M float · 0.0002% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
2
P/E
2
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. VAIAF receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (2/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-07-22 B B+
2026-06-30 None ADDED
2026-05-27 EXISTED None
2026-05-22 None ADDED
2026-05-11 EXISTED None
2026-05-06 None ADDED
2026-05-04 EXISTED None
2026-04-22 None ADDED
2026-02-22 EXISTED None
2026-02-17 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A+
Profitability
61
Balance Sheet
82
Earnings Quality
64
Growth
45
Value
—
Momentum
74
Safety
—
Cash Flow
70

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
9/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.86
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.29
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 74.2/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 1.63x
Accruals: -7.2%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. VAIAF scores 9/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. VAIAF's score of -2.86 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. VAIAF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. VAIAF receives an estimated rating of A (score: 74.2/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). VAIAF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
34.17x
PEG
11.96x
P/S
3.69x
P/B
6.81x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$19.04
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 34.2x earnings, VAIAF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $19.04 per share, 243% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.774
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.871
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.160
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.062
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.845
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
21.2%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. VAIAF's ROE of 21.2% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.062), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$69.01
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with VAIAF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. VAIAF actually compounded EPS at 15.2% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. VAIAF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $69.01, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 34.2x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$65.32
Median 1Y
$73.45
5th Pctile
$45.54
95th Pctile
$118.43
Ann. Volatility
28.5%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 19.2% 17.9% 23.0% 20.5% 18.8% 18.8% 18.5% 18.5% 17.9% 18.9% 18.8% 21.8% 20.6% 22.1% 26.5% 22.9% 21.4% 18.9% 20.6% 21.2% 21.15%
ROA 10.8% 10.3% 11.7% 11.0% 10.7% 10.6% 9.4% 10.2% 10.4% 11.1% 9.9% 12.8% 12.4% 12.3% 13.5% 12.8% 12.1% 10.2% 10.5% 11.5% 11.46%
ROIC 19.5% 20.3% 23.7% 17.9% 16.8% 18.2% 20.2% 18.4% 18.9% 21.5% 23.2% 22.8% 23.0% 18.6% 23.5% 20.0% 20.0% 19.3% 21.6% 20.1% 20.10%
ROCE 18.2% 17.3% 21.8% 24.2% 23.2% 23.7% 25.2% 21.6% 21.5% 22.3% 21.3% 24.7% 23.4% 20.6% 26.3% 26.2% 24.8% 22.1% 23.4% 22.0% 21.97%
Gross Margin 57.8% 53.3% 56.2% 55.3% 54.7% 53.5% 56.1% 55.1% 58.0% 54.3% 54.1% 57.0% 57.3% 56.4% 57.4% 54.5% 54.4% 54.9% 57.5% 57.2% 57.23%
Operating Margin 17.2% 9.5% 14.7% 8.5% 16.5% 8.9% 10.1% 9.1% 19.3% 11.1% 6.2% 15.8% 17.6% 16.7% 13.2% 11.7% 16.4% 15.1% 13.8% 13.3% 13.33%
Net Margin 14.3% 6.2% 11.4% 5.3% 12.1% 6.4% 7.3% 6.1% 14.2% 8.8% 4.6% 12.1% 14.1% 12.8% 8.8% 7.6% 12.1% 11.3% 9.9% 9.8% 9.77%
EBITDA Margin 22.2% 14.0% 19.5% 13.4% 20.9% 14.1% 17.5% 15.1% 24.7% 16.6% 12.8% 19.8% 23.6% 23.5% 20.0% 22.3% 21.0% 20.1% 20.7% 20.3% 20.26%
FCF Margin 12.5% 13.9% 11.4% 7.2% 4.7% 3.1% 6.4% 9.6% 11.6% 12.9% 11.8% 10.9% 12.2% -1.1% -1.3% -0.3% -0.5% 11.6% 12.1% 14.7% 14.70%
OCF Margin 17.4% 18.3% 15.4% 10.6% 7.7% 5.8% 8.9% 12.2% 14.4% 15.5% 14.2% 13.5% 14.6% 14.0% 13.7% 14.9% 14.6% 15.1% 15.1% 17.6% 17.56%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 20.82%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 19.96%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 11.73%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 17.29%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 16.67%
Cash ROA snapshot only 18.34%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 31.02%
CROIC snapshot only 25.97%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 11.38%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 13.95%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 11.64%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 29.82%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 34.167
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.689
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.813
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 11.958
Graham Number snapshot only $19.04
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.03 1.97 1.50 1.28 1.41 1.45 1.33 2.11 2.33 2.47 1.93 2.18 2.33 2.11 1.55 1.72 1.78 1.99 1.81 2.09 2.089
Quick Ratio 1.55 1.55 1.15 0.91 1.02 1.09 0.99 1.50 1.70 1.92 1.49 1.65 1.80 1.70 1.22 1.32 1.42 1.59 1.40 1.58 1.583
Debt/Equity 0.23 0.22 0.28 0.33 0.31 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.25 0.17 0.16 0.42 0.45 0.44 0.41 0.33 0.30 0.30 0.298
Net Debt/Equity -0.01 -0.12 -0.05 0.11 0.10 0.03 -0.06 0.05 -0.01 -0.11 -0.18 -0.07 -0.14 0.13 0.10 0.18 0.12 0.04 -0.01 0.05 0.046
Debt/Assets 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.168
Debt/EBITDA 0.70 0.70 0.73 0.91 0.90 0.73 0.69 0.69 0.66 0.62 0.68 0.46 0.46 1.12 1.00 0.97 0.97 0.86 0.73 0.79 0.786
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.02 -0.39 -0.13 0.32 0.28 0.09 -0.17 0.13 -0.03 -0.28 -0.48 -0.19 -0.39 0.35 0.22 0.40 0.29 0.11 -0.03 0.12 0.121
Interest Coverage 18.67 23.86 28.38 25.70 19.97 15.54 7.44 6.26 6.83 6.83 7.93 10.99 9.80 7.84 7.03 4.39 4.23 4.61 4.91 6.92 6.922
Equity Multiplier 1.74 1.78 2.00 1.84 1.76 1.75 1.93 1.76 1.69 1.65 1.86 1.64 1.62 1.91 2.05 1.93 1.90 1.81 1.88 1.77 1.769
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.598
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 8.858
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.846
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.912
Defensive Interval snapshot only 311.5 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.29 1.23 1.23 1.16 1.27 1.23 1.09 1.13 1.18 1.16 1.01 1.02 1.06 1.062
Inventory Turnover 3.76 4.15 4.05 3.84 3.95 4.16 3.92 3.73 3.60 3.97 3.63 3.70 3.68 4.23 4.02 4.03 4.28 4.51 4.08 3.97 3.968
Receivables Turnover 6.31 7.86 6.39 6.04 6.19 5.93 6.26 6.42 6.10 5.41 6.02 6.21 5.07 6.56 6.65 6.21 4.46 6.43 6.50 6.27 6.275
Payables Turnover 3.13 11.14 2.19 3.14 3.27 9.96 2.29 3.49 3.59 12.24 2.28 3.19 3.33 12.12 2.36 3.21 3.16 4.61 2.35 3.18 3.184
DSO 58 46 57 60 59 62 58 57 60 67 61 59 72 56 55 59 82 57 56 58 58.2 days
DIO 97 88 90 95 92 88 93 98 101 92 101 99 99 86 91 91 85 81 90 92 92.0 days
DPO 117 33 166 116 112 37 160 105 102 30 160 114 110 30 155 114 116 79 155 115 114.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 38 102 -19 39 40 113 -8 50 60 130 1 43 62 112 -9 35 52 58 -9 36 35.5 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 4.520
Operating Cycle snapshot only 150.2 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 7.336
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.957
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 7.4% 15.4% 20.9% 18.3% 18.6% 17.4% 13.5% 12.9% 7.4% 5.1% -1.2% 0.2% 1.8% 4.5% 12.9% 8.6% 10.6% 5.8% 1.8% 3.5% 3.49%
Net Income 1.8% 18.9% 33.0% 13.5% 10.1% 15.6% -11.4% -2.1% 3.0% 8.6% 8.5% 27.6% 22.4% 30.0% 57.8% 16.5% 14.0% -6.1% -12.6% 2.9% 2.89%
EPS 1.4% 18.3% 32.5% 13.2% 9.9% 15.6% -11.6% -2.1% 3.1% 8.7% 8.6% 27.7% 22.6% 29.9% 57.6% 16.2% 13.6% -6.0% -12.5% 2.9% 2.91%
FCF 18.4% 5.1% 1.0% -20.8% -55.4% -73.5% -36.5% 50.9% 1.7% 3.3% 81.1% 14.0% 7.8% -1.1% -1.1% -1.0% -1.0% 12.3% 10.8% 47.8% 47.81%
EBITDA 5.3% 9.0% 17.9% 13.5% 17.9% 21.6% 6.7% 11.0% 11.9% 13.9% 4.1% 10.8% 5.9% 16.1% 41.3% 30.6% 30.5% 7.9% -2.0% -5.4% -5.37%
Op. Income 0.2% 11.8% 24.7% 16.2% 22.4% 24.6% -2.2% 1.5% 2.1% 6.9% 3.8% 20.2% 12.4% 23.7% 54.6% 20.9% 24.4% 2.5% -8.4% 2.2% 2.24%
OCF Growth snapshot only 21.84%
Asset Growth snapshot only 3.32%
Equity Growth snapshot only 12.81%
Debt Growth snapshot only -23.11%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.02%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 0.84%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 7.0% 7.9% 9.2% 8.5% 8.1% 8.4% 9.1% 10.2% 11.0% 12.5% 10.7% 10.2% 9.1% 8.8% 8.2% 7.1% 6.6% 5.1% 4.3% 4.0% 4.03%
Revenue 5Y 5.1% 6.5% 7.8% 8.4% 9.0% 9.1% 9.1% 9.2% 9.3% 9.1% 7.9% 7.6% 6.7% 6.9% 7.7% 7.8% 9.0% 9.5% 9.3% 8.5% 8.51%
EPS 3Y 10.0% 9.8% 20.8% 16.5% 13.2% 10.3% 3.1% 3.9% 4.7% 14.1% 8.4% 12.3% 11.6% 17.8% 14.8% 13.3% 12.8% 9.9% 14.4% 15.2% 15.18%
EPS 5Y 12.2% 15.6% 15.5% 13.7% 8.0% 10.5% 7.0% 7.4% 8.6% 10.7% 11.1% 14.6% 12.9% 13.6% 13.4% 10.7% 9.9% 12.7% 11.9% 11.1% 11.12%
Net Income 3Y 10.0% 9.8% 21.0% 16.7% 13.4% 10.5% 3.3% 4.1% 4.9% 14.3% 8.5% 12.4% 11.5% 17.8% 14.9% 13.4% 12.8% 9.9% 14.4% 15.2% 15.23%
Net Income 5Y 12.2% 15.7% 15.6% 13.8% 8.2% 10.6% 7.1% 7.5% 8.6% 10.7% 11.2% 14.7% 13.0% 13.8% 13.5% 10.9% 10.0% 12.8% 12.0% 11.2% 11.21%
EBITDA 3Y 13.6% 18.7% 25.6% 18.1% 15.6% 12.8% 10.4% 11.5% 11.6% 14.7% 9.4% 11.8% 11.8% 17.1% 16.3% 17.1% 15.6% 12.5% 13.0% 11.0% 11.05%
EBITDA 5Y 16.1% 19.3% 22.6% 24.3% 16.7% 14.4% 11.7% 12.8% 14.1% 18.3% 17.1% 15.2% 12.9% 13.6% 14.7% 15.0% 13.9% 13.6% 12.7% 11.5% 11.53%
Gross Profit 3Y 9.3% 9.3% 10.6% 9.3% 8.5% 8.4% 8.6% 9.7% 10.7% 12.3% 10.4% 10.2% 8.9% 9.6% 9.1% 7.6% 7.1% 5.3% 4.6% 4.7% 4.73%
Gross Profit 5Y 6.6% 8.0% 9.4% 9.6% 10.1% 10.1% 10.2% 10.5% 10.6% 10.3% 8.6% 8.2% 7.3% 7.5% 8.2% 8.1% 8.8% 9.1% 9.1% 8.5% 8.53%
Op. Income 3Y 5.1% 8.9% 20.9% 17.6% 17.5% 14.3% 7.8% 8.3% 7.8% 14.2% 8.2% 12.4% 12.0% 18.1% 16.2% 13.8% 12.6% 10.7% 13.7% 14.1% 14.11%
Op. Income 5Y 13.5% 17.6% 18.1% 16.4% 10.8% 8.8% 5.8% 6.5% 7.7% 11.4% 12.4% 14.7% 13.3% 14.6% 15.0% 13.0% 11.8% 13.5% 12.4% 11.9% 11.87%
FCF 3Y 43.5% 59.4% 78.2% 59.1% 35.3% 35.3% 59.7% — — 91.2% 32.7% 10.8% 8.4% — — — — 62.5% 29.0% 19.9% 19.90%
FCF 5Y 31.5% 40.5% 30.4% 17.5% 1.6% -3.1% 10.7% 21.7% 28.5% 36.0% 45.5% 47.2% 48.0% — — — — 47.2% 22.6% 15.5% 15.54%
OCF 3Y 34.8% 39.5% 39.9% 22.7% 8.5% -3.6% 7.0% 26.7% 34.6% 26.9% 11.1% 3.3% 2.8% -0.5% 4.1% 20.0% 32.0% 44.8% 24.3% 17.4% 17.38%
OCF 5Y 26.7% 33.6% 26.0% 17.2% 5.2% 1.8% 10.0% 17.1% 20.8% 23.2% 23.2% 21.7% 21.6% 18.8% 15.9% 22.0% 22.8% 17.1% 10.9% 9.9% 9.92%
Assets 3Y 15.4% 6.9% 7.9% 9.3% 8.9% 6.7% 7.3% 3.4% 6.8% 8.0% 7.8% 5.1% 6.3% 13.0% 10.9% 10.3% 10.1% 10.3% 9.7% 11.7% 11.67%
Assets 5Y 10.1% 9.9% 11.2% 11.8% 11.7% 9.9% 10.6% 12.0% 11.9% 5.8% 5.9% 6.2% 6.1% 10.3% 10.3% 8.3% 10.5% 10.9% 9.9% 9.2% 9.23%
Equity 3Y 8.6% 7.9% 9.8% 10.6% 10.8% 8.2% 4.8% 8.8% 9.2% 9.3% 9.0% 9.9% 8.8% 10.4% 10.0% 8.6% 7.3% 9.1% 10.5% 11.5% 11.54%
Book Value 3Y 8.6% 7.9% 9.6% 10.4% 10.5% 7.9% 4.5% 8.6% 9.0% 9.1% 8.9% 9.8% 8.8% 10.3% 9.9% 8.5% 7.3% 9.1% 10.5% 11.5% 11.49%
Dividend 3Y -0.0% 0.0% -0.2% -0.8% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 1.8% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.3% 1.5% 1.4% 1.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.4% 4.3% 0.2% 0.23%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.90 0.84 0.84 0.92 0.89 0.83 0.85 0.90 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.92 0.922
Earnings Stability 0.88 0.90 0.84 0.91 0.88 0.91 0.71 0.83 0.91 0.94 0.69 0.87 0.91 0.90 0.62 0.85 0.89 0.92 0.69 0.93 0.926
Margin Stability 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.990
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.99 0.92 0.87 0.95 0.96 0.94 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.97 0.89 0.91 0.88 0.50 0.93 0.94 0.98 0.95 0.99 0.988
Earnings Smoothness 0.98 0.83 0.72 0.87 0.90 0.85 0.88 0.98 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.76 0.80 0.74 0.55 0.85 0.87 0.94 0.87 0.97 0.972
ROE Trend 0.00 0.01 0.03 -0.01 -0.01 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 -0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.013
Gross Margin Trend 0.01 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.002
FCF Margin Trend 0.12 0.12 0.07 0.02 -0.01 -0.05 -0.03 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 -0.09 -0.10 -0.11 -0.12 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.094
Sustainable Growth Rate 8.6% 7.8% 12.1% 8.9% 8.2% 8.5% 7.4% 7.2% 7.5% 8.8% 7.8% 10.9% 10.4% 12.7% 16.3% 11.8% 10.9% 9.1% 10.3% 11.1% 11.07%
Internal Growth Rate 5.1% 4.7% 6.5% 5.0% 4.9% 5.1% 3.9% 4.1% 4.6% 5.5% 4.3% 6.9% 6.7% 7.6% 9.0% 7.0% 6.6% 5.2% 5.5% 6.4% 6.38%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.84 2.05 1.54 1.16 0.87 0.66 1.15 1.54 1.71 1.71 1.66 1.34 1.44 1.24 1.14 1.37 1.40 1.51 1.47 1.63 1.626
FCF/OCF 0.71 0.76 0.75 0.68 0.61 0.54 0.72 0.79 0.80 0.83 0.83 0.81 0.84 -0.08 -0.09 -0.02 -0.04 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.837
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.361
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.856
CapEx/Revenue 5.0% 4.4% 3.9% 3.4% 3.0% 2.7% 2.5% 2.6% 2.8% 2.6% 2.5% 2.6% 2.4% 15.1% 14.9% 15.2% 15.1% 3.6% 3.0% 2.9% 2.86%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.638
Accruals Ratio -0.09 -0.11 -0.06 -0.02 0.01 0.04 -0.01 -0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.07 -0.04 -0.05 -0.03 -0.02 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 -0.072
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.011
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.193
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.40%
Dividend/Share $0.61 $0.60 $0.61 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.68 $0.72 $0.72 $0.72 $0.72 $0.75 $0.75 $0.75 $0.75 $0.85 $0.85 $0.85 $0.85 $0.85 $0.86
Payout Ratio 55.3% 56.4% 47.4% 56.4% 56.2% 54.5% 59.9% 61.1% 57.9% 53.3% 58.5% 49.9% 49.3% 42.7% 38.6% 48.7% 49.1% 51.6% 50.2% 47.7% 47.68%
FCF Payout Ratio 42.1% 36.2% 41.4% 71.9% 1.1% 1.5% 72.8% 50.6% 42.2% 37.3% 42.6% 46.3% 40.8% — — — — 44.8% 42.6% 35.0% 35.03%
Total Payout Ratio 55.3% 56.4% 47.4% 56.4% 56.2% 54.5% 59.9% 66.0% 62.5% 57.6% 63.2% 50.5% 50.7% 44.0% 39.8% 49.6% 54.0% 56.8% 55.3% 52.3% 52.27%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.76 0.74 0.76 0.75 0.77 0.76 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.774
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.86 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.86 0.89 0.90 0.87 0.86 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.87 0.871
EBIT Margin 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.160
Asset Turnover 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.29 1.23 1.23 1.16 1.27 1.23 1.09 1.13 1.18 1.16 1.01 1.02 1.06 1.062
Equity Multiplier 1.77 1.75 1.97 1.86 1.75 1.76 1.96 1.80 1.72 1.70 1.89 1.70 1.66 1.79 1.96 1.79 1.77 1.86 1.97 1.84 1.845
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.09 $1.07 $1.28 $1.20 $1.20 $1.24 $1.13 $1.17 $1.24 $1.35 $1.23 $1.50 $1.52 $1.75 $1.93 $1.74 $1.73 $1.64 $1.69 $1.79 $1.79
Book Value/Share $6.00 $6.31 $5.92 $6.23 $6.83 $6.89 $6.32 $6.48 $7.05 $7.36 $6.76 $7.26 $7.73 $8.48 $7.85 $7.96 $8.43 $8.96 $8.53 $8.99 $9.03
Tangible Book/Share $4.39 $4.75 $3.72 $4.11 $4.79 $4.93 $4.43 $4.65 $5.25 $5.65 $5.07 $5.61 $6.16 $4.30 $3.82 $4.13 $4.58 $5.13 $4.71 $5.20 $5.20
Revenue/Share $11.55 $12.03 $12.81 $13.08 $13.67 $14.13 $14.51 $14.77 $14.71 $14.86 $14.33 $14.80 $15.01 $15.51 $16.16 $16.04 $16.54 $16.41 $16.46 $16.60 $16.67
FCF/Share $1.44 $1.67 $1.47 $0.94 $0.64 $0.44 $0.93 $1.42 $1.70 $1.92 $1.68 $1.62 $1.84 $-0.17 $-0.20 $-0.05 $-0.09 $1.90 $1.99 $2.44 $2.45
OCF/Share $2.01 $2.20 $1.97 $1.38 $1.05 $0.82 $1.30 $1.80 $2.12 $2.30 $2.04 $2.00 $2.19 $2.17 $2.21 $2.39 $2.41 $2.49 $2.48 $2.91 $2.93
Cash/Share $1.43 $2.14 $1.94 $1.33 $1.43 $1.52 $2.07 $1.41 $1.81 $2.48 $2.89 $1.79 $2.35 $2.44 $2.77 $2.05 $2.45 $2.55 $2.62 $2.26 $2.27
EBITDA/Share $1.98 $1.97 $2.25 $2.24 $2.33 $2.40 $2.40 $2.49 $2.61 $2.73 $2.50 $2.76 $2.77 $3.17 $3.52 $3.60 $3.60 $3.42 $3.45 $3.40 $3.40
Debt/Share $1.39 $1.38 $1.65 $2.04 $2.09 $1.74 $1.66 $1.73 $1.73 $1.71 $1.69 $1.26 $1.27 $3.56 $3.54 $3.48 $3.50 $2.94 $2.52 $2.67 $2.67
Net Debt/Share $-0.04 $-0.76 $-0.29 $0.71 $0.66 $0.22 $-0.41 $0.32 $-0.08 $-0.78 $-1.20 $-0.53 $-1.08 $1.12 $0.77 $1.42 $1.05 $0.39 $-0.10 $0.41 $0.41
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 6 7 6 4 5 5 6 9 9 7 8 7 5 5 4 3 6 8 9 9
Beneish M-Score -2.84 -2.81 -2.48 -2.44 -2.17 -3.05 -2.52 -2.75 -2.97 -2.83 -2.84 -2.61 -2.67 -2.17 -2.06 -2.23 -2.10 -2.67 -2.69 -2.86 -2.862
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.294
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 34.12%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $1.00
EVA snapshot only $34596035.23
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A
Credit Score 80.50 81.75 81.75 78.60 76.75 74.80 76.75 74.25 74.25 74.25 76.75 80.25 77.75 70.15 67.90 63.15 63.15 70.50 70.50 74.25 74.250
Credit Grade snapshot only 6
Credit Trend snapshot only 11.100
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 150.000

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