— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 0NLY.L (LSE) · $vol 0M · VBVBF (OTC) · $vol 0M

VBK.DE XETRA

VERBIO Vereinigte BioEnergie AG
1W: -12.5% 1M: -11.3% 3M: -8.5% YTD: +13.6% 1Y: +160.7% 3Y: -37.8% 5Y: -48.5%
€26.56 ($29.72)
-0.16 (-0.60%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±6.1%
€23 €25 €27 €28 €30
XETRA · Basic Materials · Chemicals - Specialty · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 33 · €1.7B mcap · 18M float · 0.600% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. VBK.DE receives an overall rating of B-. Strongest factors: ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-09-28 C- B-
2026-08-03 D+ C-
2026-07-01 C- D+
2026-05-18 D+ C-
2026-05-15 C D+
2026-05-14 C- C
2026-04-07 None ADDED
2026-04-07 EXISTED None
2026-01-03 C C-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 63 Grade A
Profitability
31
Balance Sheet
78
Earnings Quality
77
Growth
71
Value
41
Momentum
96
Safety
100
Cash Flow
49
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. VBK.DE scores highest in Safety (100/100) and lowest in Profitability (31/100). An overall grade of A places VBK.DE among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
4.25
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-3.82
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.84
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA
Score: 87.5/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.57x
Accruals: -7.6%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. VBK.DE scores 4.25, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. VBK.DE scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. VBK.DE's score of -3.82 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. VBK.DE's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. VBK.DE receives an estimated rating of AA (score: 87.5/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). VBK.DE's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
26.56x
PEG
0.07x
P/S
0.90x
P/B
2.12x
P/FCF
25.04x
P/OCF
11.88x
EV/EBITDA
12.34x
EV/Revenue
1.11x
EV/EBIT
18.46x
EV/FCF
26.72x
Earnings Yield
3.27%
FCF Yield
3.99%
Shareholder Yield
0.00%
Graham Number
$16.53
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 26.6x earnings, VBK.DE commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $16.53 per share, 61% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.523
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.083
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.060
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.412
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.697
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
8.2%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. VBK.DE's ROE of 8.2% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.412), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 0.52 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$8.29
Price/Value
3.59x
Margin of Safety
-259.40%
Premium
259.40%
Assessment
Overvalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with VBK.DE's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. VBK.DE trades at a 259% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $8.29, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 26.6x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$26.56
Median 1Y
$27.10
5th Pctile
$10.17
95th Pctile
$72.44
Ann. Volatility
59.9%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 17.6% 31.8% 39.4% 47.7% 51.9% 39.4% 29.8% 15.3% 8.4% 5.8% 2.1% 2.2% -2.7% -3.2% -3.6% -16.5% -14.7% -13.6% -9.1% 8.2% 8.19%
ROA 12.8% 23.2% 29.0% 34.9% 37.2% 28.6% 21.8% 10.9% 6.1% 4.1% 1.5% 1.5% -1.9% -2.1% -2.4% -10.4% -9.0% -8.4% -5.6% 4.8% 4.82%
ROIC 19.3% 32.6% 39.8% 56.2% 58.1% 37.1% 30.6% 14.2% 8.2% 5.5% 2.3% 2.3% 0.9% 0.3% 0.0% -10.1% -8.1% -7.6% -4.1% 6.6% 6.57%
ROCE 21.0% 35.4% 42.9% 52.7% 57.8% 47.5% 38.0% 19.1% 11.6% 9.3% 5.4% 6.1% 1.1% 0.4% 0.2% -12.0% -9.8% -8.9% -4.2% 11.2% 11.19%
Gross Margin 26.4% 38.7% 34.8% 36.1% 24.5% 18.6% 16.9% 16.0% 19.3% 19.9% 16.3% 14.0% 14.7% 16.9% 13.7% -16.4% 13.2% 17.4% 13.1% 19.3% 19.26%
Operating Margin 9.4% 30.4% 27.8% 29.7% 18.9% 8.1% 7.6% 3.1% 7.5% 3.2% -1.4% 7.3% -6.0% 1.4% -2.1% -22.4% 0.0% 3.1% 7.9% 13.1% 13.13%
Net Margin 6.4% 21.3% 18.6% 20.2% 13.0% 5.2% 5.0% 1.7% 4.5% 0.2% -2.7% 2.5% -6.4% -0.9% -3.6% -22.5% -0.9% 0.7% 5.1% 7.8% 7.83%
EBITDA Margin 11.5% 32.1% 29.8% 31.3% 20.5% 10.1% 10.0% 6.1% 10.0% 6.2% 1.8% 11.8% -1.7% 5.4% 2.1% -1.8% 3.6% 6.8% 11.5% 13.4% 13.35%
FCF Margin 0.3% 5.3% 7.4% 11.6% 6.2% -1.0% -3.2% -9.0% -6.7% -2.6% -2.9% -3.3% -4.1% -4.6% -6.4% -7.5% -7.0% -4.1% 1.3% 4.2% 4.17%
OCF Margin 7.1% 11.0% 13.7% 17.9% 12.8% 7.2% 5.0% 1.3% 4.8% 8.9% 8.7% 7.0% 6.0% 4.6% 2.4% 0.9% 0.2% 2.5% 6.9% 8.8% 8.79%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only -2.83%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 8.94%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only -1.54%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only -0.01%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 6.23%
Cash ROA snapshot only 12.02%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 17.36%
CROIC snapshot only 8.24%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 3.33%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 6.53%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.14%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 4.67%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.09%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio 40.91 21.81 18.55 9.44 10.08 12.83 11.35 17.46 30.92 44.62 66.77 55.11 -47.52 -24.03 -17.53 -5.64 -6.04 -12.77 -38.88 30.55 26.560
P/S Ratio 3.09 2.72 2.78 1.64 1.81 1.83 1.30 1.17 1.28 1.30 0.73 0.66 0.77 0.47 0.38 0.49 0.43 0.83 1.64 1.04 0.904
P/B Ratio 6.38 5.84 5.95 3.65 4.20 4.34 3.06 2.53 2.52 2.52 1.40 1.19 1.33 0.78 0.65 1.04 0.97 1.93 3.80 2.39 2.121
P/FCF 1145.04 51.46 37.30 14.17 29.12 -190.38 -41.19 -13.01 -19.15 -50.31 -25.33 -20.23 -18.75 -10.14 -5.91 -6.56 -6.15 -20.44 129.70 25.04 25.037
P/OCF 43.42 24.70 20.27 9.16 14.21 25.64 25.80 88.32 26.54 14.60 8.31 9.42 12.89 10.06 15.48 56.08 267.07 33.08 23.96 11.88 11.876
EV/EBITDA 21.83 13.12 11.27 5.51 6.04 7.83 6.64 9.58 14.01 16.42 12.39 9.50 18.77 13.14 11.66 63.84 25.18 34.75 34.03 12.34 12.339
EV/Revenue 3.00 2.64 2.69 1.50 1.69 1.80 1.25 1.18 1.28 1.34 0.77 0.70 0.83 0.55 0.50 0.62 0.57 0.95 1.73 1.11 1.114
EV/EBIT 26.92 14.68 12.30 5.90 6.43 8.48 7.35 11.56 18.92 24.13 22.77 16.47 99.50 165.30 343.20 -8.40 -9.92 -19.00 -71.42 18.46 18.458
EV/FCF 1112.69 49.92 36.10 12.98 27.19 -186.79 -39.64 -13.12 -19.16 -51.90 -26.90 -21.47 -20.26 -11.91 -7.78 -8.28 -8.07 -23.42 136.40 26.72 26.716
Earnings Yield 2.4% 4.6% 5.4% 10.6% 9.9% 7.8% 8.8% 5.7% 3.2% 2.2% 1.5% 1.8% -2.1% -4.2% -5.7% -17.7% -16.6% -7.8% -2.6% 3.3% 3.27%
FCF Yield 0.1% 1.9% 2.7% 7.1% 3.4% -0.5% -2.4% -7.7% -5.2% -2.0% -3.9% -4.9% -5.3% -9.9% -16.9% -15.2% -16.3% -4.9% 0.8% 4.0% 3.99%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.075
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 2.397
EV/OCF snapshot only 12.673
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 6.996
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 17.493
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.00%
Graham Number snapshot only $16.53
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.60 2.45 2.66 2.60 2.37 2.45 2.37 2.58 2.74 2.23 2.50 2.71 2.31 2.15 1.87 1.80 1.78 1.75 1.91 1.70 1.695
Quick Ratio 1.94 1.73 1.98 1.93 1.71 1.46 1.38 1.51 1.51 1.15 1.37 1.58 1.22 1.03 0.89 0.91 0.83 0.84 1.00 0.89 0.893
Debt/Equity 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.21 0.19 0.20 0.24 0.21 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.36 0.40 0.39 0.30 0.27 0.271
Net Debt/Equity -0.18 -0.17 -0.19 -0.31 -0.28 -0.08 -0.12 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.20 0.27 0.30 0.28 0.20 0.16 0.160
Debt/Assets 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.16 0.162
Debt/EBITDA 0.30 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.25 0.78 1.04 1.27 2.01 1.58 3.20 3.66 4.14 17.46 7.92 6.08 2.52 1.31 1.310
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.63 -0.40 -0.37 -0.51 -0.43 -0.15 -0.26 0.08 0.01 0.51 0.72 0.55 1.39 1.95 2.79 13.28 5.99 4.42 1.67 0.78 0.775
Interest Coverage 87.70 175.39 268.43 142.76 172.73 140.58 105.70 107.78 47.03 15.68 6.40 6.67 0.98 0.49 0.23 -6.60 -5.67 -4.79 -2.45 16.23 16.235
Equity Multiplier 1.40 1.41 1.38 1.38 1.39 1.35 1.36 1.43 1.38 1.45 1.47 1.49 1.54 1.55 1.59 1.72 1.73 1.72 1.69 1.68 1.676
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.252
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 24.286
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.408
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.353
Defensive Interval snapshot only 472.4 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.70 1.85 1.94 2.01 2.07 2.00 1.90 1.62 1.47 1.42 1.39 1.24 1.15 1.10 1.09 1.19 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.41 1.412
Inventory Turnover 8.40 7.88 8.82 8.76 8.98 7.39 7.72 7.39 6.65 5.36 5.53 5.42 4.81 4.35 4.61 5.67 5.49 5.62 6.01 5.58 5.580
Receivables Turnover 14.87 20.37 17.10 19.94 18.47 20.97 18.27 19.49 15.84 16.24 16.14 15.91 15.81 14.88 14.58 13.86 17.28 17.39 16.63 14.98 14.975
Payables Turnover 17.18 17.78 16.54 16.85 16.27 15.66 16.34 15.71 14.83 12.29 13.60 11.75 11.15 9.14 10.50 11.62 12.26 11.57 13.14 11.24 11.238
DSO 25 18 21 18 20 17 20 19 23 22 23 23 23 25 25 26 21 21 22 24 24.4 days
DIO 43 46 41 42 41 49 47 49 55 68 66 67 76 84 79 64 66 65 61 65 65.4 days
DPO 21 21 22 22 22 23 22 23 25 30 27 31 33 40 35 31 30 32 28 32 32.5 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 47 44 41 38 38 44 45 45 53 61 62 59 66 68 69 59 58 54 55 57 57.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.480
Operating Cycle snapshot only 89.8 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 20.739
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.731
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 20.7% 48.2% 66.3% 76.6% 84.2% 53.5% 35.5% 8.6% -9.2% -13.5% -15.8% -15.6% -17.9% -16.5% -15.6% -4.9% 8.5% 14.5% 19.1% 18.5% 18.54%
Net Income 2.5% 1.1% 2.1% 2.4% 3.4% 75.7% 3.7% -58.2% -79.2% -82.4% -92.0% -84.9% -1.3% -1.6% -2.7% -7.9% -3.8% -2.9% -1.3% 1.5% 1.46%
EPS 3.4% 1.0% 2.1% 2.4% 3.3% 71.5% 1.1% -58.4% -79.4% -85.8% -91.6% -84.9% -1.3% -1.8% -2.6% -8.0% -3.6% -2.4% -1.4% 1.5% 1.45%
FCF -95.8% 79.8% 5.4% 3.2% 41.6% -1.3% -1.6% -1.8% -2.0% -1.3% 23.4% 69.3% 49.5% -48.5% -87.8% -1.2% -86.4% -1.5% 1.2% 1.7% 1.66%
EBITDA 0.8% 83.2% 1.7% 2.0% 2.8% 75.1% 7.1% -51.0% -70.5% -69.3% -72.1% -49.3% -60.1% -57.4% -42.3% -87.5% -44.7% -24.5% 42.1% 10.0% 9.98%
Op. Income 3.5% 1.1% 2.2% 2.4% 3.4% 80.7% 5.2% -57.0% -77.1% -77.8% -83.4% -65.0% -90.9% -96.5% -99.0% -2.7% -9.8% -27.9% -80.0% 2.0% 1.98%
OCF Growth snapshot only 10.85%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.68%
Equity Growth snapshot only 9.43%
Debt Growth snapshot only -17.67%
Shares Change snapshot only 2.93%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -1.00%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 18.0% 23.8% 27.5% 32.5% 35.9% 35.5% 34.3% 31.2% 26.4% 25.3% 23.8% 17.4% 11.1% 3.5% -1.3% -4.5% -6.9% -6.1% -5.4% -1.6% -1.65%
Revenue 5Y 11.2% 15.4% 16.7% 20.1% 22.4% 23.0% 24.5% 23.5% 22.4% 20.3% 18.8% 16.3% 13.3% 12.5% 11.5% 12.6% 12.4% 13.5% 13.8% 12.8% 12.79%
EPS 3Y 78.3% 69.0% 63.3% 81.0% 86.2% 84.1% 64.5% 26.9% -2.6% -21.1% -36.3% -40.1% — — — — — — — -22.0% -21.99%
EPS 5Y 11.3% 25.9% 29.8% 43.5% 47.2% 50.4% 53.4% 51.4% 38.3% 3.3% -18.1% -17.8% — — — — — — — -7.6% -7.62%
Net Income 3Y 76.1% 69.3% 63.5% 81.3% 85.4% 87.8% 65.8% 27.7% -2.1% -13.9% -36.5% -40.2% — — — — — — — -21.5% -21.45%
Net Income 5Y 11.7% 26.0% 29.5% 43.7% 48.4% 50.5% 60.1% 54.7% 37.9% 8.5% -18.3% -17.7% — — — — — — — -7.2% -7.25%
EBITDA 3Y 46.2% 51.4% 53.7% 73.2% 77.8% 73.3% 54.0% 25.6% 3.8% -0.5% -7.3% -9.6% -23.8% -38.8% -44.4% -68.5% -59.8% -53.8% -38.9% -11.4% -11.36%
EBITDA 5Y 17.1% 29.4% 33.1% 40.7% 45.9% 47.6% 52.4% 39.4% 28.2% 13.3% 1.6% 5.2% -7.9% -7.4% -10.1% -34.0% -24.4% -20.5% -8.2% 0.3% 0.32%
Gross Profit 3Y 44.5% 50.8% 50.7% 57.3% 58.4% 51.7% 39.9% 24.3% 12.9% 12.8% 11.9% 2.5% -4.9% -17.9% -24.3% -45.3% -45.9% -41.2% -37.8% -7.9% -7.93%
Gross Profit 5Y 19.4% 26.8% 28.6% 34.5% 36.5% 36.4% 38.8% 32.1% 27.9% 21.4% 16.2% 12.7% 8.0% 6.6% 3.2% -12.4% -14.1% -11.9% -11.2% 1.9% 1.87%
Op. Income 3Y 75.0% 69.9% 66.7% 84.4% 88.9% 87.4% 63.6% 29.3% 1.0% -5.8% -17.9% -20.1% -55.0% -75.9% -87.9% — — — — -15.7% -15.67%
Op. Income 5Y 18.4% 31.7% 34.5% 45.6% 50.4% 53.5% 65.1% 54.7% 39.8% 14.5% -4.2% -1.1% -32.4% -44.9% -62.5% — — — — -2.7% -2.69%
FCF 3Y — — 84.3% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF 5Y -43.6% 13.8% 11.2% 30.1% 15.0% — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.4% 9.4% 9.36%
OCF 3Y 78.1% 60.5% 42.6% 94.3% 83.6% 36.4% 31.7% -28.6% -9.2% 18.3% 25.6% -0.1% 4.8% -22.5% -44.4% -65.0% -78.3% -33.7% 4.8% 84.8% 84.75%
OCF 5Y 4.4% 23.1% 20.1% 34.1% 25.6% 20.8% 41.2% 18.7% 44.9% 34.6% 16.2% 21.4% 16.6% 3.5% -4.7% -28.0% -53.2% -14.9% 9.4% 7.0% 7.03%
Assets 3Y 25.8% 27.1% 32.5% 38.5% 35.4% 33.2% 32.5% 34.8% 32.4% 32.9% 31.1% 26.6% 21.7% 16.2% 11.5% 4.4% 1.3% 2.3% 2.4% 1.8% 1.81%
Assets 5Y 18.3% 20.1% 22.3% 24.8% 26.8% 25.6% 27.0% 28.8% 28.0% 25.3% 25.5% 26.5% 22.3% 22.6% 21.7% 19.4% 18.0% 17.4% 16.9% 15.1% 15.06%
Equity 3Y 20.7% 24.1% 29.2% 34.0% 35.4% 33.8% 33.6% 32.7% 31.2% 29.0% 26.5% 22.2% 17.8% 12.5% 6.5% -2.9% -5.7% -5.5% -4.8% -3.5% -3.52%
Book Value 3Y 22.2% 23.8% 28.9% 33.8% 36.0% 31.1% 32.6% 31.9% 30.5% 18.2% 26.9% 22.3% 16.9% 15.1% 5.9% -2.8% -7.6% -6.7% -4.2% -4.2% -4.18%
Dividend 3Y — — -2.1% -2.0% -1.5% -3.8% — -95.9% -95.9% -96.2% — 22.4% 22.1% 29.1% -0.5% 0.2% -1.9% — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.85 0.74 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.73 0.80 0.84 0.81 0.81 0.79 0.72 0.52 0.46 0.38 0.37 0.24 0.26 0.27 0.45 0.451
Earnings Stability 0.44 0.57 0.51 0.59 0.56 0.79 0.82 0.49 0.27 0.24 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.26 0.28 0.45 0.50 0.34 0.341
Margin Stability 0.77 0.76 0.78 0.76 0.78 0.76 0.72 0.67 0.68 0.74 0.76 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.59 0.58 0.581
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.99 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.99 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.200
Earnings Smoothness 0.98 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.96 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — — — — — — — — —
ROE Trend -0.02 0.11 0.17 0.21 0.24 0.11 0.03 -0.14 -0.20 -0.25 -0.27 -0.24 -0.28 -0.23 -0.18 -0.27 -0.19 -0.16 -0.09 0.16 0.160
Gross Margin Trend 0.03 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.01 -0.04 -0.11 -0.12 -0.12 -0.11 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -0.12 -0.11 -0.10 -0.09 0.04 0.039
FCF Margin Trend -0.01 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.02 -0.06 -0.08 -0.17 -0.10 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 -0.02 -0.00 0.06 0.10 0.096
Sustainable Growth Rate 14.5% 29.0% 37.1% 45.6% 49.9% 37.5% 29.8% 15.3% 8.4% 5.8% 0.7% 0.8% — — — — — — — 8.2% 8.19%
Internal Growth Rate 11.8% 26.8% 37.5% 50.1% 55.7% 37.5% 27.8% 12.2% 6.5% 4.3% 0.5% 0.5% — — — — — — — 5.1% 5.07%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.94 0.88 0.92 1.03 0.71 0.50 0.44 0.20 1.16 3.06 8.03 5.85 -3.69 -2.39 -1.13 -0.10 -0.02 -0.39 -1.62 2.57 2.572
FCF/OCF 0.04 0.48 0.54 0.65 0.49 -0.13 -0.63 -6.79 -1.39 -0.29 -0.33 -0.47 -0.69 -0.99 -2.62 -8.55 -43.44 -1.62 0.18 0.47 0.474
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.220
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.974
CapEx/Revenue 6.8% 5.7% 6.3% 6.3% 6.5% 8.1% 8.2% 10.3% 11.5% 11.5% 11.6% 10.3% 10.1% 9.2% 8.8% 8.4% 7.2% 6.6% 5.6% 4.6% 4.62%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.544
Accruals Ratio 0.01 0.03 0.02 -0.01 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.09 -0.01 -0.09 -0.11 -0.07 -0.09 -0.07 -0.05 -0.11 -0.09 -0.12 -0.15 -0.08 -0.076
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.041
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.902
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.1% 3.6% 2.3% 1.6% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.24 $0.23 $0.22 $0.22 $0.22 $0.22 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.20 $0.20 $0.20 $0.43 $0.20 $0.20 $0.19 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio 17.6% 8.7% 6.0% 4.4% 3.8% 4.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.1% 63.6% — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.00%
FCF Payout Ratio 4.9% 20.6% 12.1% 6.7% 10.9% — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Payout Ratio 17.6% 8.7% 6.0% 4.4% 3.8% 4.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.1% 63.6% — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.00%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 — — — —
Chowder Number — — -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 — -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 — 12702.01 12702.01 25430.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 — — — —
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.1% 3.6% 2.3% 1.6% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.69 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.68 0.66 0.62 0.56 0.38 0.33 102.83 5.66 4.38 1.02 1.06 1.07 1.49 0.52 0.523
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.94 0.84 0.85 -0.02 -1.03 -3.40 1.15 1.18 1.21 1.17 1.08 1.083
EBIT Margin 0.11 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.26 0.21 0.17 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.02 0.06 0.060
Asset Turnover 1.70 1.85 1.94 2.01 2.07 2.00 1.90 1.62 1.47 1.42 1.39 1.24 1.15 1.10 1.09 1.19 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.41 1.412
Equity Multiplier 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.36 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.41 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.46 1.46 1.50 1.53 1.59 1.63 1.63 1.64 1.70 1.697
Per Share
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.34 $2.67 $3.66 $4.93 $5.82 $4.58 $3.71 $2.05 $1.20 $0.65 $0.31 $0.31 $-0.39 $-0.49 $-0.50 $-2.17 $-1.77 $-1.66 $-1.18 $0.98 $0.98
Book Value/Share $8.62 $9.98 $11.43 $12.76 $13.96 $13.54 $13.73 $14.16 $14.71 $11.53 $14.74 $14.43 $13.76 $15.23 $13.57 $11.71 $11.03 $10.99 $12.07 $12.45 $12.52
Tangible Book/Share $8.61 $9.97 $11.42 $12.75 $13.95 $13.53 $13.72 $14.14 $14.69 $11.51 $14.72 $14.41 $13.73 $15.20 $13.54 $11.69 $11.01 $10.97 $12.05 $12.43 $12.43
Revenue/Share $17.81 $21.39 $24.49 $28.34 $32.33 $32.03 $32.35 $30.63 $29.07 $22.38 $28.46 $25.89 $23.86 $25.40 $23.17 $24.80 $24.64 $25.48 $27.85 $28.55 $28.71
FCF/Share $0.05 $1.13 $1.82 $3.29 $2.02 $-0.31 $-1.02 $-2.76 $-1.94 $-0.58 $-0.82 $-0.85 $-0.98 $-1.17 $-1.48 $-1.86 $-1.74 $-1.04 $0.35 $1.19 $1.20
OCF/Share $1.27 $2.36 $3.35 $5.08 $4.13 $2.29 $1.63 $0.41 $1.40 $1.99 $2.49 $1.82 $1.42 $1.18 $0.57 $0.22 $0.04 $0.64 $1.91 $2.51 $2.52
Cash/Share $2.28 $2.47 $2.94 $4.70 $4.70 $1.90 $3.08 $2.65 $2.72 $1.39 $2.28 $1.98 $1.91 $1.81 $1.33 $1.01 $1.07 $1.16 $1.20 $1.38 $1.38
EBITDA/Share $2.45 $4.31 $5.84 $7.74 $9.07 $7.37 $6.10 $3.78 $2.65 $1.83 $1.77 $1.92 $1.06 $1.06 $0.99 $0.24 $0.56 $0.70 $1.42 $2.58 $2.58
Debt/Share $0.73 $0.74 $0.76 $0.77 $0.82 $0.79 $1.50 $2.96 $2.75 $2.32 $3.56 $3.03 $3.38 $3.87 $4.09 $4.22 $4.41 $4.25 $3.57 $3.37 $3.37
Net Debt/Share $-1.55 $-1.73 $-2.19 $-3.93 $-3.88 $-1.11 $-1.58 $0.31 $0.02 $0.92 $1.28 $1.05 $1.47 $2.06 $2.76 $3.21 $3.33 $3.09 $2.37 $2.00 $2.00
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.251
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 6.090
Piotroski F-Score 5 6 6 8 5 5 3 3 4 4 5 6 2 3 2 3 3 4 6 7 7
Beneish M-Score -1.93 0.44 0.15 0.57 1.37 -1.10 -1.33 -1.93 -2.83 -3.11 -3.28 -2.44 -3.02 -2.98 -2.71 -4.15 -2.99 -3.27 -3.26 -3.82 -3.824
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.843
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 11.25%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $0.85
EVA snapshot only $-32471296.54
Credit
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA
Credit Score 92.62 95.05 94.84 95.33 95.27 87.82 87.05 85.70 87.01 83.90 72.47 76.57 51.42 46.72 36.92 31.05 32.43 42.51 56.72 87.49 87.485
Credit Grade snapshot only 3
Credit Trend snapshot only 56.439
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 80.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 78
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 82

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