— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: VLVOF (OTC) · $vol 0M · VLVCY (OTC) · $vol 0M

VOLCAR-B.ST STO

Volvo Car AB (publ.)
1W: -10.8% 1M: -24.2% 3M: -32.4% YTD: -41.2% 1Y: -30.7% 3Y: -68.1%
kr 14.18 ($1.41)
-1.12 (-7.35%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±5.6%
kr 13 kr 13 kr 14 kr 15 kr 16
STO · Consumer Cyclical · Auto - Manufacturers · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 30 · kr 42.0B mcap · 597M float · 0.849% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
3
ROA
4
D/E
2
P/E
4
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. VOLCAR-B.ST receives an overall rating of A. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROA (4/5), P/E (4/5), P/B (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 A+ A
2026-09-21 A A+
2026-07-27 A+ A
2026-07-24 A A+
2026-07-23 B+ A
2026-07-22 B B+
2026-07-06 B+ B
2026-05-11 B B+
2026-05-04 B+ B
2026-04-30 B B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 35 Grade B
Profitability
14
Balance Sheet
71
Earnings Quality
88
Growth
45
Value
80
Momentum
77
Safety
15
Cash Flow
25
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. VOLCAR-B.ST scores highest in Earnings Quality (88/100) and lowest in Profitability (14/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
1.09
Distress Zone
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.52
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-9.10
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB-
Score: 52.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 2.04x
Accruals: -2.5%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. VOLCAR-B.ST scores 1.09, placing it in the Distress Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Historically, companies in this range face elevated bankruptcy risk. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. VOLCAR-B.ST scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. VOLCAR-B.ST's score of -2.52 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. VOLCAR-B.ST's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. VOLCAR-B.ST receives an estimated rating of BBB- (score: 52.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). VOLCAR-B.ST's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
4.51x
PEG
0.00x
P/S
0.13x
P/B
0.28x
P/FCF
-12.11x
P/OCF
2.92x
EV/EBITDA
1.58x
EV/Revenue
0.16x
EV/EBIT
4.94x
EV/FCF
-11.17x
Earnings Yield
16.74%
FCF Yield
-8.26%
Shareholder Yield
0.00%
Graham Number
$60.04
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 4.5x earnings, VOLCAR-B.ST trades at a deep value multiple. An earnings yield of 16.7% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $60.04 per share, suggesting a potential 324% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.866
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.034
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.032
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.864
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.664
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
6.5%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. VOLCAR-B.ST's ROE of 6.5% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.864), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$121.35
Price/Value
0.16x
Margin of Safety
84.48%
Premium
-84.48%
Assessment
Undervalued
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with VOLCAR-B.ST's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. At an intrinsic value of $121.35, VOLCAR-B.ST appears undervalued with a 84% margin of safety. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 4.5x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1213 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$14.18
Median 1Y
$8.90
5th Pctile
$3.74
95th Pctile
$21.20
Ann. Volatility
54.7%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 2.3% 6.2% 13.6% 13.9% 15.6% 14.6% 8.8% 10.5% 10.9% 10.3% 11.7% 12.2% 11.7% 9.6% 0.3% 1.0% 0.1% 0.4% 6.5% 6.50%
ROA 0.7% 2.1% 5.0% 4.9% 5.2% 5.1% 3.1% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 4.1% 4.4% 4.1% 3.5% 0.1% 0.4% 0.0% 0.2% 2.4% 2.44%
ROIC 4.0% 9.9% 19.0% 19.7% 21.2% 15.9% 9.8% 11.7% 15.5% 12.9% 15.0% 13.1% 13.5% 11.3% -0.5% -0.3% 0.3% -0.1% 3.5% 3.47%
ROCE 1.7% 5.4% 10.6% 11.6% 11.4% 10.8% 8.5% 9.8% 10.7% 11.3% 12.0% 12.3% 11.2% 9.3% 1.2% 1.2% -0.0% -0.3% 4.6% 4.59%
Gross Margin 20.3% 21.2% 19.8% 17.3% 16.0% 17.9% 19.0% 19.6% 19.6% 19.3% 20.7% 20.5% 17.1% 18.2% 13.5% 19.2% 15.8% 18.5% 16.8% 16.84%
Operating Margin 4.6% 8.1% 15.1% 2.6% 2.2% 5.3% 4.9% 4.8% 7.9% 5.0% 8.6% 6.2% 3.4% 2.3% -10.6% 7.3% 2.3% 1.7% 0.8% 0.84%
Net Margin 2.6% 5.2% 12.5% 0.8% 2.3% 3.8% 3.3% 3.3% 2.8% 3.6% 5.3% 4.5% 2.2% 1.5% -8.0% 6.0% 1.4% 2.2% 1.6% 1.62%
EBITDA Margin 8.0% 13.4% 20.0% 7.7% 6.1% 10.1% 9.6% 10.0% 11.3% 11.7% 14.2% 11.9% 9.7% 9.2% -4.0% 14.6% 7.7% 6.9% 9.8% 9.81%
FCF Margin 27.4% 7.0% 5.2% 6.0% 0.5% -0.4% 1.2% 0.1% 0.9% 1.5% 0.0% -0.6% 0.6% 1.7% 3.2% 2.6% 1.9% 2.1% -1.4% -1.39%
OCF Margin 36.7% 16.3% 14.4% 15.1% 10.2% 10.1% 11.8% 10.6% 10.7% 11.1% 10.1% 9.9% 11.8% 11.9% 13.5% 12.0% 9.7% 9.8% 5.8% 5.77%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.88%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 7.93%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.12%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.09%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 2.81%
Cash ROA snapshot only 4.93%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 13.05%
CROIC snapshot only -3.15%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 1.54%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 3.26%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 4.87%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 9.17%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 108.50 34.11 13.59 9.33 8.87 8.60 12.68 10.68 7.44 8.73 6.60 5.19 4.63 4.31 128.05 41.21 523.56 107.09 5.97 4.514
P/S Ratio 2.87 1.32 0.90 0.48 0.43 0.38 0.33 0.34 0.24 0.28 0.25 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.25 0.18 0.17 0.127
P/B Ratio 2.54 2.11 1.85 1.30 1.24 1.15 1.07 1.07 0.77 0.86 0.74 0.60 0.52 0.39 0.38 0.40 0.62 0.41 0.37 0.279
P/FCF 10.48 18.90 17.19 7.95 94.94 -106.31 28.41 313.89 26.22 18.78 607.07 -37.77 30.51 8.47 4.24 5.79 13.23 8.35 -12.11 -12.106
P/OCF 7.80 8.09 6.22 3.16 4.20 3.80 2.83 3.17 2.26 2.52 2.44 2.12 1.51 1.23 1.00 1.27 2.63 1.82 2.92 2.922
EV/EBITDA 30.68 10.84 5.90 3.31 2.97 3.29 3.48 3.26 1.81 2.43 1.91 1.99 1.15 0.85 1.31 1.68 2.98 2.44 1.58 1.581
EV/Revenue 2.44 1.15 0.80 0.40 0.33 0.34 0.29 0.29 0.19 0.26 0.23 0.24 0.14 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.156
EV/EBIT 73.63 20.51 9.57 5.79 5.28 5.92 7.13 6.19 3.37 4.67 3.60 3.69 2.22 1.79 12.93 17.51 -1032.60 -72.31 4.94 4.936
EV/FCF 8.92 16.45 15.32 6.64 73.42 -94.68 24.81 271.59 20.07 17.33 556.82 -44.10 23.21 5.52 2.76 4.65 10.35 6.97 -11.17 -11.171
Earnings Yield 0.9% 2.9% 7.4% 10.7% 11.3% 11.6% 7.9% 9.4% 13.4% 11.5% 15.1% 19.3% 21.6% 23.2% 0.8% 2.4% 0.2% 0.9% 16.7% 16.74%
FCF Yield 9.5% 5.3% 5.8% 12.6% 1.1% -0.9% 3.5% 0.3% 3.8% 5.3% 0.2% -2.6% 3.3% 11.8% 23.6% 17.3% 7.6% 12.0% -8.3% -8.26%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.002
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.838
EV/OCF snapshot only 2.696
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 0.888
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 4.973
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.00%
Graham Number snapshot only $60.04
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.13 1.08 1.12 1.07 1.07 1.03 1.00 1.01 0.97 0.93 0.96 0.96 0.94 1.01 1.02 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.01 1.006
Quick Ratio 0.84 0.75 0.76 0.71 0.75 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.63 0.65 0.56 0.52 0.524
Debt/Equity 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.27 0.42 0.29 0.19 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.246
Net Debt/Equity -0.38 -0.27 -0.20 -0.21 -0.28 -0.13 -0.14 -0.14 -0.18 -0.07 -0.06 0.10 -0.12 -0.14 -0.13 -0.08 -0.13 -0.07 -0.03 -0.029
Debt/Assets 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.15 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.096
Debt/EBITDA 5.08 1.98 1.15 0.96 0.96 0.98 1.11 0.99 0.85 0.89 0.76 1.18 0.83 0.62 1.49 1.44 1.58 1.71 1.14 1.138
Net Debt/EBITDA -5.33 -1.61 -0.72 -0.65 -0.87 -0.40 -0.50 -0.51 -0.55 -0.20 -0.17 0.29 -0.36 -0.45 -0.70 -0.41 -0.83 -0.48 -0.13 -0.132
Interest Coverage — 20.58 13.01 11.49 10.75 11.90 18.04 27.20 16.61 14.01 12.56 12.09 13.95 13.48 2.13 2.04 -0.06 -0.53 7.20 7.195
Equity Multiplier 3.14 2.93 2.72 2.82 2.90 2.78 2.87 2.81 2.91 2.85 2.89 2.79 2.82 2.60 2.76 2.62 2.54 2.53 2.57 2.574
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.258
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 22.467
Cash to Debt snapshot only 1.116
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.124
Defensive Interval snapshot only 478.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.28 0.55 0.76 0.97 1.07 1.15 1.19 1.19 1.14 1.14 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.00 0.98 0.94 0.92 0.86 0.864
Inventory Turnover 1.74 2.98 4.12 5.04 6.46 6.31 6.37 5.97 6.22 5.19 4.61 4.59 5.40 4.58 4.22 4.36 4.91 4.26 3.78 3.784
Receivables Turnover 7.10 8.18 11.63 14.65 18.08 17.61 17.24 19.08 17.94 16.71 16.05 17.87 19.03 15.55 17.33 15.80 16.23 15.91 16.06 16.059
Payables Turnover 1.32 2.71 4.02 4.37 4.60 5.53 5.82 5.46 4.93 5.29 4.84 4.96 5.44 5.49 5.11 5.21 5.22 5.11 4.80 4.799
DSO 51 45 31 25 20 21 21 19 20 22 23 20 19 23 21 23 22 23 23 22.7 days
DIO 209 122 89 72 57 58 57 61 59 70 79 80 68 80 87 84 74 86 96 96.5 days
DPO 276 135 91 84 79 66 63 67 74 69 75 74 67 66 71 70 70 71 76 76.1 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -15 32 29 14 -3 13 16 13 5 23 26 26 20 37 36 37 27 37 43 43.1 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.076
Operating Cycle snapshot only 119.2 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 7.994
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.172
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue — — — — 3.1% 1.3% 69.5% 29.6% 21.0% 13.1% 3.8% 0.6% 0.2% -2.1% -3.9% -5.7% -10.7% -10.9% -13.2% -13.17%
Net Income — — — — 6.5% 1.6% -32.5% -20.3% -18.0% -18.4% 47.1% 29.1% 18.0% 3.7% -97.3% -91.3% -98.9% -95.6% 22.2% 22.20%
EPS — — — — 6.5% 1.6% -32.5% -20.4% -18.0% -18.4% 47.0% 29.2% 18.2% 2.7% -97.3% -91.3% -98.9% -95.6% 22.2% 22.23%
FCF — — — — -93.2% -1.1% -61.9% -97.7% 1.5% 5.7% -96.4% -6.2% -36.8% 13.6% 74.7% 5.5% 1.9% 10.2% -1.4% -1.38%
EBITDA — — — — 4.8% 1.2% 4.8% -4.2% 11.6% 15.8% 46.4% 38.7% 15.1% 3.7% -45.1% -43.8% -49.4% -51.5% 26.6% 26.60%
Op. Income — — — — 4.7% 1.1% -29.4% -25.1% 9.3% 12.4% 83.1% 64.9% -0.7% -11.1% -93.9% -92.5% -98.0% -1.0% 5.4% 5.37%
OCF Growth snapshot only -62.90%
Asset Growth snapshot only 2.61%
Equity Growth snapshot only 10.12%
Debt Growth snapshot only -3.00%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.17%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 71.0% 36.1% 19.1% 7.1% 2.7% -0.4% -4.7% -4.69%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EPS 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 93.9% 30.1% -70.0% -55.2% -77.8% -66.6% -2.3% -2.28%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 93.8% 30.5% -70.0% -55.3% -77.8% -66.7% -2.4% -2.43%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 94.9% 39.0% -5.6% -9.3% -13.4% -16.5% 0.6% 0.58%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 68.0% 32.4% 12.6% 1.9% -0.6% -2.3% -4.7% -4.69%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 83.9% 27.7% -57.1% -54.7% -72.0% — -10.6% -10.61%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — -52.6% -14.4% 1.1% -18.4% 66.7% — — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
OCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.2% 22.5% 16.5% -0.7% 1.0% -1.3% -24.9% -24.87%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Assets 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 11.0% 10.2% 8.3% 6.0% 4.1% 5.1% 4.2% 4.20%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Equity 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.0% 14.7% 7.7% 8.6% 8.9% 8.4% 8.1% 8.06%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.0% 14.3% 7.8% 8.8% 9.0% 8.5% 8.2% 8.23%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — — — — — — — — 0.90 0.89 0.81 0.77 0.77 0.72 0.59 0.40 0.10 0.01 0.58 0.579
Earnings Stability — — — — — — — — 0.56 0.47 0.00 0.01 0.55 0.35 0.54 0.54 0.01 0.11 0.31 0.309
Margin Stability — — — — — — — — 0.95 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.934
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
Earnings Persistence — — — — — — — — 0.93 0.93 0.81 0.88 0.93 0.99 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness — — — — 0.00 0.10 0.61 0.77 0.80 0.80 0.62 0.75 0.83 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend — — — — — — — — 0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.09 -0.10 -0.11 -0.09 0.00 0.005
Gross Margin Trend — — — — — — — — -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 -0.010
FCF Margin Trend — — — — — — — — -0.13 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 -0.03 -0.030
Sustainable Growth Rate 1.8% 5.7% 13.2% 12.7% 14.7% 13.8% 8.1% 10.5% 10.9% 10.3% 11.7% 12.2% 11.7% 9.6% 0.3% 1.0% 0.1% 0.4% 6.5% 6.50%
Internal Growth Rate 0.6% 2.0% 5.1% 4.7% 5.2% 5.1% 3.0% 3.9% 3.9% 3.8% 4.2% 4.6% 4.2% 3.7% 0.1% 0.4% 0.0% 0.2% 2.5% 2.50%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 13.90 4.22 2.18 2.95 2.11 2.26 4.48 3.37 3.28 3.47 2.71 2.45 3.08 3.49 127.82 32.41 198.99 58.72 2.04 2.045
FCF/OCF 0.74 0.43 0.36 0.40 0.04 -0.04 0.10 0.01 0.09 0.13 0.00 -0.06 0.05 0.15 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.22 -0.24 -0.241
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.493
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.586
CapEx/Revenue 9.4% 9.3% 9.2% 9.1% 9.7% 10.4% 10.6% 10.5% 9.8% 9.7% 10.1% 10.4% 11.3% 10.2% 10.3% 9.4% 7.8% 7.7% 7.2% 7.17%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.071
Accruals Ratio -0.10 -0.07 -0.06 -0.10 -0.06 -0.06 -0.11 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 -0.08 -0.09 -0.13 -0.11 -0.09 -0.09 -0.03 -0.025
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.063
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.806
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.9% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.17 $0.17 $0.17 $0.45 $0.28 $0.28 $0.28 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio 23.3% 8.3% 3.3% 8.6% 5.3% 5.4% 8.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
FCF Payout Ratio 2.3% 4.6% 4.2% 7.3% 56.9% — 18.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — —
Total Payout Ratio 23.3% 8.3% 3.3% 8.6% 5.3% 5.4% 8.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.0% 15.8% 1.3% 37.8% 0.0% 0.00%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Chowder Number — — — — 0.72 0.72 0.72 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.4% 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield -8.7% -9.8% -9.8% -13.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.4% 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return -8.5% -9.5% -9.6% -12.8% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.4% 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.00%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.57 0.63 0.77 0.73 0.76 0.77 0.64 0.67 0.59 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.67 0.69 0.33 1.03 -0.26 -2.27 0.87 0.866
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.39 1.10 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.94 0.93 0.46 0.51 9.65 0.36 1.03 1.034
EBIT Margin 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.03 0.032
Asset Turnover 0.28 0.55 0.76 0.97 1.07 1.15 1.19 1.19 1.14 1.14 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.00 0.98 0.94 0.92 0.86 0.864
Equity Multiplier 3.14 2.93 2.72 2.82 3.01 2.85 2.80 2.81 2.91 2.82 2.88 2.80 2.87 2.72 2.82 2.71 2.68 2.56 2.66 2.664
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.71 $2.00 $5.00 $5.22 $5.34 $5.26 $3.38 $4.16 $4.38 $4.29 $4.96 $5.38 $5.18 $4.41 $0.14 $0.47 $0.06 $0.20 $3.15 $3.15
Book Value/Share $30.35 $32.39 $36.75 $37.50 $38.24 $39.46 $40.09 $41.54 $42.40 $43.49 $44.57 $46.47 $46.20 $48.40 $46.09 $48.27 $49.56 $50.44 $50.83 $50.69
Tangible Book/Share $15.63 $16.50 $19.75 $19.55 $19.11 $18.94 $18.19 $18.55 $18.21 $18.34 $18.40 $19.21 $18.04 $19.77 $18.94 $20.67 $21.61 $22.21 $22.48 $22.48
Revenue/Share $26.88 $51.80 $75.73 $102.36 $110.80 $117.98 $128.34 $132.57 $133.98 $133.35 $133.09 $133.52 $134.50 $129.34 $128.36 $126.40 $120.40 $116.91 $111.64 $111.66
FCF/Share $7.35 $3.62 $3.95 $6.13 $0.50 $-0.43 $1.51 $0.14 $1.24 $1.99 $0.05 $-0.74 $0.79 $2.24 $4.10 $3.34 $2.32 $2.51 $-1.56 $-1.56
OCF/Share $9.87 $8.45 $10.92 $15.42 $11.28 $11.90 $15.12 $14.02 $14.38 $14.86 $13.45 $13.16 $15.92 $15.38 $17.34 $15.18 $11.67 $11.48 $6.44 $6.45
Cash/Share $22.28 $19.70 $19.21 $19.88 $22.54 $16.89 $17.35 $17.70 $19.38 $15.45 $14.73 $14.62 $18.95 $15.67 $18.93 $17.07 $19.40 $15.69 $13.97 $13.97
EBITDA/Share $2.14 $5.49 $10.26 $12.31 $12.34 $12.25 $10.75 $11.79 $13.76 $14.18 $15.73 $16.36 $15.86 $14.57 $8.67 $9.23 $8.05 $7.17 $10.99 $10.99
Debt/Share $10.87 $10.87 $11.81 $11.86 $11.80 $11.95 $11.93 $11.71 $11.75 $12.56 $12.02 $19.30 $13.21 $9.05 $12.88 $13.28 $12.71 $12.23 $12.51 $12.51
Net Debt/Share $-11.41 $-8.83 $-7.40 $-8.03 $-10.74 $-4.94 $-5.42 $-5.99 $-7.63 $-2.89 $-2.71 $4.68 $-5.74 $-6.62 $-6.05 $-3.79 $-6.69 $-3.46 $-1.45 $-1.45
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.086
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 0.444
Piotroski F-Score 4 4 4 4 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 6 6 7 7
Beneish M-Score — — — — -2.17 -2.39 -2.57 -2.88 -3.05 -2.67 -2.82 -2.54 -2.62 -3.01 -3.09 -3.03 -2.88 -3.06 -2.52 -2.518
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -9.097
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 9.61%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-25.72
EVA snapshot only $-9558485000.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB-
Credit Score 64.36 70.35 69.16 73.72 67.24 60.58 62.02 63.34 68.43 60.52 58.52 56.99 60.16 64.65 50.56 43.92 37.75 34.04 52.78 52.776
Credit Grade snapshot only 10
Credit Trend snapshot only 2.212
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 350.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 62
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 40

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For informational purposes only. Not investment advice. Data sourced from SEC filings. Privacy Terms