— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: WPP.L (LSE) · $vol 27M · WPP (NYSE) · $vol 11M

WPPGF OTC

WPP plc
1W: +0.0% 1M: -11.9% 3M: +53.1% YTD: +9.0% 1Y: +4.4% 3Y: -40.6% 5Y: -53.7%
$4.96
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Communication Services · Advertising Agencies · Tech Score Sell · Power 45 · $5.4B mcap · 1.08B float · 0.0001% daily turnover · Short 90% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 4Hold: 4Sell: 2Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. WPPGF receives an overall rating of C+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5). Areas of concern: ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-06-30 None ADDED
2026-06-30 EXISTED None
2026-06-23 None ADDED
2026-06-16 EXISTED None
2026-06-10 None ADDED
2026-06-10 EXISTED None
2026-06-03 None ADDED
2026-05-16 EXISTED None
2026-05-11 None ADDED
2026-05-09 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade D
Profitability
12
Balance Sheet
34
Earnings Quality
60
Growth
14
Value
—
Momentum
50
Safety
—
Cash Flow
51

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
3/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.48
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-5.35
Bankruptcy prob: 0.5%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BB+
Score: 48.0/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 14.31x
Accruals: -7.6%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. WPPGF scores 3/9, suggesting weak financial fundamentals — the company fails the majority of these accounting tests. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. WPPGF's score of -2.48 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. WPPGF's implied 0.5% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. WPPGF receives an estimated rating of BB+ (score: 48.0/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). WPPGF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-16.76x
PEG
0.11x
P/S
0.30x
P/B
1.54x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$2.61
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. WPPGF currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $2.61 per share, 90% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.152
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.540
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.063
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.113
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
8.095
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
4.6%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. WPPGF's ROE of 4.6% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 8.09x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance. A tax burden ratio of 0.15 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$1.09
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with WPPGF's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. WPPGF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $1.09, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of -16.8x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$4.96
Median 1Y
$4.03
5th Pctile
$1.84
95th Pctile
$8.89
Ann. Volatility
49.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
98,655
-8.7% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$137,325
Rev: $13,547,804,249
Profit / Employee
$-2,179
NI: $-214,965,159
SGA / Employee
—
Avg labor cost proxy

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 26.9% 30.4% 30.7% 37.6% 40.3% 30.8% 27.3% -24.7% -31.6% -34.7% -35.1% 24.9% 31.4% 29.0% 22.7% 20.3% 18.2% 17.2% 11.1% 4.6% 4.63%
ROA 7.5% 8.3% 8.6% 8.9% 11.1% 7.5% 7.5% -5.3% -6.5% -7.0% -7.4% 4.3% 4.1% 4.5% 2.9% 2.8% 2.4% 2.3% 1.3% 0.6% 0.57%
ROIC 19.6% 22.3% 20.7% 14.4% 25.9% 15.0% 19.4% -1.5% -6.0% -11.7% -12.6% 18.2% 21.9% 18.3% 15.2% 12.8% 15.5% 13.4% 12.0% 9.0% 8.99%
ROCE 20.7% 21.0% 20.0% 21.9% 23.0% 20.2% 17.8% -4.2% -7.4% -10.0% -9.3% 18.4% 23.2% 20.7% 18.1% 16.2% 18.4% 18.6% 19.3% 19.4% 19.40%
Gross Margin 85.6% -32.5% 17.9% 22.2% 17.0% 20.5% 16.3% 13.9% 19.3% 15.3% 19.0% 15.5% 19.4% 14.7% 19.1% 14.4% 18.8% 12.6% 19.0% 12.6% 12.63%
Operating Margin 8.5% 19.2% 9.5% 14.5% 11.2% 13.7% 9.4% -49.3% 7.4% 7.9% 11.2% 8.0% 10.7% 4.2% 3.0% 5.9% 12.0% 5.7% 12.1% 5.7% 5.74%
Net Margin 3.8% 14.7% 7.8% 15.0% 9.0% 4.8% 4.9% -57.6% 3.9% 4.1% 5.8% 3.8% 5.5% 1.6% -0.0% 2.8% 4.5% 0.7% -3.8% 0.3% 0.30%
EBITDA Margin 11.6% 22.0% 12.6% 17.0% 14.0% 11.6% 12.3% -46.9% 9.5% 9.7% 12.8% 9.8% 12.2% 6.0% 4.6% 7.7% 13.6% 7.4% 6.1% 9.1% 9.10%
FCF Margin 10.9% 10.0% 10.2% 8.7% 8.4% 4.4% 3.7% -1.9% 7.2% 6.1% 14.5% 11.1% 8.3% 6.4% 5.3% 7.3% 7.7% 5.9% 6.5% 6.5% 6.52%
OCF Margin 12.7% 11.8% 12.0% 10.5% 10.2% 6.1% 5.6% -0.1% 8.9% 8.0% 16.5% 12.9% 10.0% 7.9% 6.6% 8.5% 8.9% 7.1% 7.5% 7.4% 7.36%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 18.95%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 11.33%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.57%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.20%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 7.22%
Cash ROA snapshot only 8.62%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 27.37%
CROIC snapshot only 24.22%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 2.42%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 3.39%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 9.93%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.19%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -16.758
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.303
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.543
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.111
Graham Number snapshot only $2.61
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.94 0.92 0.99 0.99 1.02 0.97 0.95 1.05 1.03 0.99 0.93 0.91 0.85 0.88 0.86 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.89 0.87 0.866
Quick Ratio 0.91 0.90 0.96 0.62 1.34 0.65 1.25 1.37 1.03 1.27 0.93 1.23 0.85 0.88 0.86 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.89 0.87 0.866
Debt/Equity 0.75 0.70 0.80 1.72 0.72 1.61 0.91 1.45 3.33 1.60 1.89 1.86 1.95 2.10 2.04 2.16 1.83 2.13 3.35 2.76 2.760
Net Debt/Equity 0.50 0.44 0.50 1.47 0.48 1.33 0.69 0.94 0.60 0.81 0.81 1.39 1.27 1.56 1.38 1.55 1.07 1.68 2.29 1.85 1.852
Debt/Assets 0.20 0.19 0.22 0.38 0.21 0.36 0.25 0.30 0.44 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.25 0.29 0.26 0.29 0.25 0.29 0.35 0.30 0.305
Debt/EBITDA 1.52 1.42 1.64 3.38 1.34 3.47 2.11 50.12 -55.70 -11.41 -12.17 2.59 2.36 2.65 2.88 3.31 2.69 2.79 3.42 2.84 2.841
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.01 0.89 1.01 2.88 0.90 2.86 1.59 32.45 -10.08 -5.76 -5.25 1.94 1.54 1.97 1.95 2.38 1.57 2.19 2.33 1.91 1.906
Interest Coverage 11.90 11.13 9.29 8.56 8.18 6.42 5.57 -0.95 -1.49 -1.89 -1.81 3.87 4.07 3.35 2.52 2.18 2.28 2.37 2.32 2.35 2.352
Equity Multiplier 3.77 3.76 3.58 4.53 3.47 4.51 3.64 4.81 7.64 5.84 7.71 7.12 7.83 7.27 7.89 7.38 7.34 7.39 9.48 9.06 9.060
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.161
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 3.430
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.329
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.250
Defensive Interval snapshot only 2451.8 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.88 0.86 0.95 0.84 0.95 0.81 0.87 0.80 0.76 0.72 0.79 0.98 0.84 1.08 1.07 1.13 1.09 1.16 1.12 1.11 1.113
Inventory Turnover 9.38 35.89 48.48 5.02 — 5.87 — 8.38 — 9.59 — — — — — — — — — — —
Receivables Turnover 3.75 3.70 4.37 3.13 4.11 2.98 4.01 3.07 3.68 2.56 3.37 4.22 3.90 4.60 4.20 4.01 4.19 4.29 3.87 3.62 3.624
Payables Turnover 0.42 1.44 2.20 2.11 3.08 2.00 2.56 2.12 2.20 1.71 2.00 2.54 2.10 2.57 2.26 2.29 2.26 2.38 1.96 1.89 1.888
DSO 97 99 84 116 89 122 91 119 99 143 108 87 94 79 87 91 87 85 94 101 100.7 days
DIO 39 10 8 73 -27 62 -33 44 -39 38 -43 -72 0 -31 0 -35 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 869 254 166 173 118 183 143 172 166 213 182 144 174 142 161 160 162 153 187 193 193.3 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -733 -145 -75 16 -56 2 -85 -10 -106 -32 -117 -129 -80 -93 -75 -103 -75 -68 -92 -93 -92.6 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 14.192
Cash Velocity snapshot only 11.675
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.855
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 50.6% 18.1% 23.3% 27.1% 25.4% 18.0% 5.9% -8.7% -15.0% -22.0% -17.7% -5.7% 2.8% 15.6% 18.0% 14.5% 8.7% 2.5% -3.4% -7.9% -7.92%
Net Income 62.8% 27.1% 12.7% 43.8% 72.0% 12.5% 0.2% -1.6% -1.6% -1.8% -1.9% 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.3% -35.4% -50.6% -50.5% -58.8% -81.0% -80.96%
EPS 69.0% 30.1% 16.0% 48.0% 77.5% 15.2% 2.0% -1.6% -1.6% -1.9% -1.9% 1.7% 1.7% 1.6% 1.4% -32.7% -49.8% -50.6% -58.9% -81.1% -81.07%
FCF 1.6% 0.5% 23.4% -1.3% -3.5% -48.4% -61.5% -1.2% -27.0% 8.2% 2.2% 6.4% 18.3% 21.0% -56.9% -25.1% 0.9% -4.3% 19.3% -17.6% -17.57%
EBITDA 63.9% 19.8% 11.6% 16.3% 22.2% -6.0% -9.5% -96.8% -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% 16.4% 11.8% 5.6% 5.3% -16.2% -22.5% -16.1% 4.2% 10.1% 10.12%
Op. Income 62.9% 26.6% 13.7% 26.5% 34.7% 4.4% 2.8% -1.1% -1.1% -1.3% -1.3% 12.0% 5.5% 3.0% 2.8% -20.8% -28.3% -19.8% 34.6% 40.0% 40.03%
OCF Growth snapshot only -20.32%
Asset Growth snapshot only -9.33%
Equity Growth snapshot only -26.13%
Debt Growth snapshot only -5.46%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.55%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -3.10%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — — 78.2% 35.7% 17.1% 2.8% 2.5% 3.0% 3.1% 2.1% 1.0% -0.5% -1.7% -2.6% -2.1% -0.2% -0.20%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 40.6% 22.0% 12.4% 5.2% 4.2% 2.9% 2.88%
EPS 3Y — — — — — — 1.2% — — — — -16.2% -9.5% -18.2% -28.6% -35.5% -40.7% -38.3% -47.2% — —
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 29.1% -0.2% -8.9% -18.8% -29.5% -40.4% -40.42%
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — 1.1% — — — — -20.0% -14.6% -22.8% -32.6% -38.7% -43.6% -41.2% -49.9% — —
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 23.1% -4.6% -12.9% -21.9% -32.3% -42.5% -42.48%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — — 79.6% -56.0% — — — -13.2% -10.1% -14.5% -19.6% -22.2% -22.8% -17.7% -15.8% 1.5% 1.52%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 27.2% 4.4% -1.6% -8.9% -9.6% -9.6% -9.61%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — — 5.8% -22.1% -31.8% -41.7% -40.8% -39.8% -39.5% -28.9% -20.0% -6.7% 37.9% -8.1% -7.4% -2.9% -2.89%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.7% -12.9% -19.7% -25.1% -25.7% -26.7% -26.70%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — — 93.7% — — — — -10.6% -6.5% -13.3% -19.6% -23.6% -24.2% -20.6% -12.0% — —
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 29.7% 4.7% -0.9% -7.9% -4.4% -4.6% -4.58%
FCF 3Y — — — — — — 1.9% — 22.6% -17.5% 15.2% 2.6% -5.9% -12.3% -18.9% -6.4% -4.5% 7.8% 18.2% — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.0% 13.8% 17.1% -8.3% -4.7% -7.8% -7.78%
OCF 3Y — — — — — — 1.1% — 20.1% -13.9% 14.5% 3.1% -4.6% -10.5% -17.1% -7.3% -6.0% 2.6% 8.0% — —
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 61.7% 13.0% 14.3% -7.8% -4.8% -8.0% -8.02%
Assets 3Y — — — — — — 12.1% 1.3% 14.3% -0.9% 1.9% -2.4% -3.6% -8.9% -7.6% -15.7% -8.5% -17.9% -11.8% -3.4% -3.39%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.4% 0.6% 1.1% -2.8% -1.8% -4.2% -4.24%
Equity 3Y — — — — — — 12.2% -10.7% -13.2% -15.7% -21.5% -20.8% -24.4% -26.9% -29.0% -28.3% -28.7% -30.3% -35.9% -21.8% -21.79%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — — 15.4% -7.4% -10.3% -13.6% -19.0% -17.0% -20.0% -22.6% -24.7% -24.6% -24.9% -26.9% -32.5% -18.9% -18.89%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — -4.3% -46.6% -37.1% -48.0% -20.1% 39.1% 37.8% 87.8% 29.1% 28.1% 13.3% 13.0% 4.4% 2.8% 2.81%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — — 0.91 0.97 0.99 1.00 0.82 0.72 0.59 0.13 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.61 0.59 0.53 0.28 0.34 0.55 0.549
Earnings Stability — — 0.84 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.70 0.19 0.22 0.46 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.24 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.21 0.32 0.21 0.208
Margin Stability — — 0.55 0.40 0.22 0.34 0.37 0.25 0.12 0.23 0.17 0.04 0.00 0.36 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — — 0.95 0.82 0.50 0.95 1.00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.52 0.76 0.88 0.64 0.47 0.88 1.00 — — — — — — — — 0.57 0.32 0.33 0.17 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend — — 0.10 0.13 0.17 0.04 -0.02 -0.66 -0.79 -0.83 -0.92 0.30 0.41 0.44 0.42 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.33 -0.20 -0.202
Gross Margin Trend — — -0.55 -0.68 -0.82 -0.51 -0.42 -0.36 -0.28 -0.19 -0.10 -0.02 0.05 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.012
FCF Margin Trend — — 0.05 -0.02 -0.00 -0.07 -0.07 -0.12 -0.02 -0.01 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.01 -0.04 0.03 -0.00 -0.00 -0.03 -0.03 -0.027
Sustainable Growth Rate 14.1% 16.6% 16.9% 21.6% 25.1% 20.8% 17.4% — — — — 15.4% 15.2% 12.3% 0.1% -1.3% -5.5% -7.7% -14.9% -20.6% -20.63%
Internal Growth Rate 4.1% 4.7% 5.0% 5.4% 7.5% 5.3% 5.1% — — — — 2.8% 2.0% 1.9% 0.0% — — — — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.49 1.22 1.31 0.99 0.88 0.66 0.65 0.02 -1.04 -0.82 -1.75 2.92 2.07 1.90 2.44 3.42 4.05 3.52 6.52 14.31 14.311
FCF/OCF 0.86 0.85 0.86 0.83 0.82 0.72 0.66 16.77 0.81 0.76 0.88 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.80 0.86 0.86 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.885
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 12.666
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.803
CapEx/Revenue 1.8% 1.7% 1.7% 1.8% 1.8% 1.7% 1.9% 1.8% 1.7% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.7% 1.6% 1.3% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 0.8% 0.85%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.294
Accruals Ratio -0.04 -0.02 -0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 -0.05 -0.13 -0.13 -0.20 -0.08 -0.04 -0.04 -0.04 -0.07 -0.07 -0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.076
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.046
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.017
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.02%
Dividend/Share $0.77 $0.90 $0.91 $1.08 $1.09 $0.74 $0.75 $0.15 $0.25 $0.10 $0.36 $0.38 $0.62 $0.62 $0.73 $0.72 $0.79 $0.78 $0.71 $0.70 $0.15
Payout Ratio 47.5% 45.4% 44.9% 42.5% 37.5% 32.6% 36.1% — — — — 38.1% 51.5% 57.7% 99.4% 1.1% 1.3% 1.5% 2.3% 5.5% 5.45%
FCF Payout Ratio 37.1% 43.5% 39.9% 51.8% 52.3% 68.1% 83.7% — 16.2% 8.2% 12.1% 15.1% 30.1% 37.7% 50.8% 36.4% 37.2% 49.1% 41.5% 43.0% 43.03%
Total Payout Ratio 90.2% 85.0% 79.6% 71.5% 63.2% 58.9% 54.1% — — — — 1.7% 1.8% 1.8% 2.1% 1.5% 1.5% 1.8% 2.9% 6.5% 6.46%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.74 0.76 0.76 0.83 0.85 0.84 0.84 1.37 1.26 1.21 1.27 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.53 0.52 0.47 0.46 0.28 0.15 0.152
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.84 0.88 0.90 0.98 1.02 0.98 0.93 2.30 1.88 1.65 1.74 0.79 0.82 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.75 0.71 0.65 0.54 0.540
EBIT Margin 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.11 -0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.04 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.063
Asset Turnover 0.88 0.86 0.95 0.84 0.95 0.81 0.87 0.80 0.76 0.72 0.79 0.98 0.84 1.08 1.07 1.13 1.09 1.16 1.12 1.11 1.113
Equity Multiplier 3.57 3.68 3.56 4.21 3.61 4.13 3.61 4.63 4.85 4.94 4.75 5.76 7.73 6.48 7.79 7.25 7.59 7.33 8.57 8.09 8.095
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.63 $1.98 $2.02 $2.53 $2.89 $2.28 $2.06 $-1.50 $-1.85 $-1.95 $-1.94 $1.01 $1.21 $1.08 $0.74 $0.68 $0.60 $0.53 $0.30 $0.13 $0.13
Book Value/Share $6.55 $7.20 $7.36 $7.46 $7.61 $7.40 $7.66 $4.41 $3.87 $3.65 $3.01 $3.33 $3.36 $3.33 $3.14 $3.20 $3.22 $2.89 $2.36 $2.35 $2.59
Tangible Book/Share $-4.47 $-4.71 $-4.51 $-4.25 $-4.22 $-4.44 $-4.30 $-3.44 $-3.31 $-3.42 $-4.46 $-5.20 $-5.68 $-5.65 $-5.46 $-5.17 $-4.52 $-4.49 $-4.77 $-4.69 $-4.69
Revenue/Share $19.10 $20.55 $22.22 $23.74 $24.73 $24.84 $23.96 $22.50 $21.68 $19.94 $20.64 $22.83 $24.87 $25.96 $27.25 $27.24 $27.43 $26.56 $26.25 $24.95 $12.31
FCF/Share $2.09 $2.06 $2.27 $2.08 $2.08 $1.09 $0.89 $-0.44 $1.56 $1.21 $3.00 $2.54 $2.06 $1.65 $1.44 $1.98 $2.11 $1.58 $1.72 $1.63 $0.94
OCF/Share $2.42 $2.42 $2.66 $2.50 $2.53 $1.51 $1.35 $-0.03 $1.93 $1.60 $3.40 $2.95 $2.49 $2.06 $1.80 $2.32 $2.45 $1.88 $1.98 $1.84 $1.02
Cash/Share $1.65 $1.88 $2.23 $1.88 $1.76 $2.09 $1.73 $2.26 $10.56 $2.89 $3.23 $1.56 $2.28 $1.80 $2.06 $1.95 $2.45 $1.31 $2.50 $2.14 $2.19
EBITDA/Share $3.23 $3.57 $3.60 $3.80 $4.07 $3.44 $3.31 $0.13 $-0.23 $-0.51 $-0.47 $2.39 $2.78 $2.65 $2.22 $2.09 $2.19 $2.22 $2.31 $2.29 $2.29
Debt/Share $4.92 $5.07 $5.88 $12.84 $5.44 $11.93 $6.99 $6.40 $12.90 $5.83 $5.68 $6.19 $6.56 $7.00 $6.40 $6.91 $5.88 $6.18 $7.89 $6.49 $6.49
Net Debt/Share $3.27 $3.19 $3.65 $10.96 $3.68 $9.84 $5.26 $4.14 $2.34 $2.95 $2.45 $4.63 $4.28 $5.20 $4.34 $4.96 $3.44 $4.86 $5.39 $4.36 $4.36
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 6 6 5 6 6 7 4 5 5 5 5 7 8 6 7 5 7 4 5 3 3
Beneish M-Score -2.31 -3.62 0.30 -0.14 0.46 -3.59 -2.09 -4.11 -3.63 -3.50 -3.98 -2.55 -2.46 -2.65 -3.10 -3.07 -2.93 -2.66 -2.47 -2.48 -2.484
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -5.353
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-7.34
EVA snapshot only $-74623975.99
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'16 Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BB+
Credit Score 74.00 74.00 70.00 56.35 71.50 52.35 59.25 32.60 41.50 46.25 53.15 62.25 61.65 55.80 52.05 50.55 58.50 50.55 48.05 48.05 48.050
Credit Grade snapshot only 11
Credit Trend snapshot only -2.500
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 400.000

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