— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: WSPOF (OTC) · $vol 6M

WSP.TO TSX

WSP Global Inc.
1W: -4.7% 1M: -5.8% 3M: -3.0% YTD: -35.0% 1Y: -38.7% 3Y: -6.8% 5Y: +11.5%
C$171.99 ($120.65)
+0.95 (+0.56%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±5.9%
C$153 C$163 C$173 C$183 C$193
TSX · Industrials · Engineering & Construction · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 30 · C$23.2B mcap · 135M float · 0.441% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
3
ROA
4
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. WSP.TO receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROA (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B+ B
2026-08-10 B B+
2026-07-02 B+ B
2026-05-12 B B+
2026-05-08 B+ B
2026-05-04 B B+
2026-04-24 B+ B
2026-04-01 B B+
2026-01-03 B+ B

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 53 Grade B
Profitability
27
Balance Sheet
44
Earnings Quality
68
Growth
59
Value
52
Momentum
86
Safety
50
Cash Flow
54
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. WSP.TO scores highest in Momentum (86/100) and lowest in Profitability (27/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
2.08
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
4/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.22
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.81
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB-
Score: 52.8/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.83x
Accruals: -3.4%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. WSP.TO scores 2.08, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. WSP.TO scores 4/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. WSP.TO's score of -2.22 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. WSP.TO's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. WSP.TO receives an estimated rating of BBB- (score: 52.8/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). WSP.TO's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
24.43x
PEG
1.69x
P/S
1.20x
P/B
2.22x
P/FCF
15.58x
P/OCF
13.94x
EV/EBITDA
13.25x
EV/Revenue
1.65x
EV/EBIT
19.73x
EV/FCF
20.93x
Earnings Yield
3.92%
FCF Yield
6.42%
Shareholder Yield
0.84%
Graham Number
$109.54
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 24.4x earnings, WSP.TO commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $109.54 per share, 57% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.723
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.798
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.084
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.855
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.392
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
9.8%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. WSP.TO's ROE of 9.8% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.855), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$265.50
Price/Value
0.66x
Margin of Safety
33.77%
Premium
-33.77%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with WSP.TO's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. WSP.TO actually compounded EPS at 19.0% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. WSP.TO trades at a -34% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $265.50, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 24.4x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$173.13
Median 1Y
$191.17
5th Pctile
$123.45
95th Pctile
$297.40
Ann. Volatility
26.7%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 9.6% 10.8% 10.9% 9.8% 8.4% 8.1% 8.3% 9.4% 8.9% 8.9% 9.0% 9.4% 9.9% 9.3% 9.4% 10.5% 11.2% 10.6% 10.5% 9.8% 9.84%
ROA 4.1% 4.7% 4.8% 4.1% 3.4% 3.3% 3.5% 3.9% 3.6% 3.6% 3.7% 3.8% 3.7% 3.8% 3.9% 4.4% 4.6% 4.7% 4.3% 4.1% 4.11%
ROIC 7.2% 8.7% 8.7% 8.8% 6.4% 7.1% 7.1% 7.2% 7.6% 8.8% 8.6% 8.7% 10.1% 8.0% 8.2% 8.9% 9.4% 9.3% 7.4% 7.8% 7.77%
ROCE 8.3% 9.5% 9.6% 9.1% 6.7% 6.7% 7.0% 8.1% 8.8% 8.9% 8.9% 9.4% 9.1% 8.6% 8.7% 9.8% 10.8% 10.6% 8.4% 8.2% 8.24%
Gross Margin 15.3% 14.6% 13.6% 14.1% 15.9% 13.6% 14.0% 14.3% 16.7% 15.3% 15.1% 16.1% 17.0% 16.0% 15.4% 16.3% 17.3% 17.4% 17.9% 17.8% 17.84%
Operating Margin 8.7% 7.1% 6.7% 7.6% 9.0% 7.1% 6.8% 7.7% 9.7% 8.9% 7.7% 8.7% 9.9% 9.2% 7.8% 9.7% 10.9% 10.4% 9.2% 10.8% 10.83%
Net Margin 5.2% 4.4% 3.5% 3.2% 4.4% 3.4% 3.2% 4.2% 4.3% 3.5% 3.5% 4.7% 5.1% 3.6% 3.3% 6.2% 6.3% 5.3% 3.2% 4.6% 4.55%
EBITDA Margin 12.7% 11.3% 10.4% 9.9% 11.4% 10.6% 10.6% 11.9% 12.3% 10.6% 10.9% 12.3% 12.8% 10.7% 10.5% 14.2% 13.8% 12.6% 10.3% 13.0% 12.97%
FCF Margin 8.6% 9.0% 6.1% 5.8% 4.7% 5.3% 5.1% 4.1% 3.7% 4.5% 4.5% 5.2% 6.8% 6.4% 7.4% 9.4% 9.2% 10.2% 9.4% 7.9% 7.88%
OCF Margin 9.3% 10.0% 7.1% 6.9% 5.9% 6.3% 6.1% 5.2% 4.7% 5.6% 5.7% 6.3% 7.8% 7.3% 8.3% 10.2% 10.0% 11.0% 10.2% 8.8% 8.80%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.10%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 9.03%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.78%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.68%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 7.65%
Cash ROA snapshot only 6.54%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 9.17%
CROIC snapshot only 8.20%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 7.46%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 6.66%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 7.29%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 41.67 44.53 39.72 37.35 41.27 44.52 48.37 42.19 43.85 41.76 49.58 44.25 46.32 48.29 45.61 45.72 40.92 33.83 30.32 25.50 24.430
P/S Ratio 1.80 2.05 1.75 1.53 1.61 1.61 1.71 1.59 1.66 1.59 1.92 1.78 1.96 2.04 1.88 2.07 1.98 1.78 1.59 1.23 1.199
P/B Ratio 3.76 4.52 4.05 3.54 3.12 3.20 3.57 3.52 3.77 3.63 4.35 3.99 4.38 3.98 3.79 4.28 4.07 3.31 2.91 2.27 2.221
P/FCF 20.91 22.77 28.58 26.21 34.14 30.67 33.36 38.28 44.71 35.21 42.63 34.02 28.74 31.92 25.32 22.12 21.41 17.46 16.86 15.58 15.583
P/OCF 19.32 20.54 24.68 22.26 27.09 25.37 27.82 30.26 35.07 28.28 34.00 28.38 25.15 27.90 22.66 20.32 19.72 16.24 15.51 13.94 13.940
EV/EBITDA 17.26 18.63 16.81 15.61 18.26 18.03 19.12 17.24 17.37 16.32 19.39 18.01 18.49 20.11 18.96 19.45 18.13 15.71 15.92 13.25 13.250
EV/Revenue 2.03 2.22 1.95 1.72 1.96 1.90 2.03 1.91 1.97 1.85 2.22 2.08 2.16 2.34 2.18 2.34 2.23 2.01 2.03 1.65 1.648
EV/EBIT 30.75 32.32 29.47 28.02 32.86 33.25 34.89 30.24 29.92 27.70 32.45 29.35 29.67 31.59 29.79 29.82 27.44 23.14 23.40 19.73 19.734
EV/FCF 23.63 24.65 31.75 29.62 41.66 36.23 39.56 46.15 53.16 40.97 49.06 39.66 31.71 36.77 29.44 25.05 24.14 19.67 21.54 20.93 20.926
Earnings Yield 2.4% 2.2% 2.5% 2.7% 2.4% 2.2% 2.1% 2.4% 2.3% 2.4% 2.0% 2.3% 2.2% 2.1% 2.2% 2.2% 2.4% 3.0% 3.3% 3.9% 3.92%
FCF Yield 4.8% 4.4% 3.5% 3.8% 2.9% 3.3% 3.0% 2.6% 2.2% 2.8% 2.3% 2.9% 3.5% 3.1% 3.9% 4.5% 4.7% 5.7% 5.9% 6.4% 6.42%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.688
EV/OCF snapshot only 18.719
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 9.353
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 15.957
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.84%
Graham Number snapshot only $109.54
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.23 1.14 1.17 1.18 1.10 1.09 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.15 1.20 1.13 1.26 1.12 1.20 1.22 1.14 1.27 1.19 1.20 1.204
Quick Ratio 1.23 1.14 1.17 1.18 1.10 1.09 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.15 1.20 1.13 1.26 1.12 1.20 1.22 1.14 1.27 1.19 1.20 1.204
Debt/Equity 0.63 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.76 0.68 0.72 0.77 0.76 0.67 0.71 0.72 0.82 0.70 0.67 0.62 0.57 0.59 0.87 0.84 0.845
Net Debt/Equity 0.49 0.37 0.45 0.46 0.69 0.58 0.66 0.72 0.71 0.59 0.66 0.66 0.45 0.60 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.42 0.81 0.78 0.780
Debt/Assets 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.31 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.34 0.34 0.339
Debt/EBITDA 2.55 2.28 2.23 2.31 3.66 3.24 3.23 3.14 2.94 2.60 2.75 2.78 3.14 3.07 2.87 2.47 2.24 2.50 3.72 3.67 3.665
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.99 1.42 1.68 1.79 3.29 2.76 2.99 2.94 2.76 2.30 2.54 2.56 1.73 2.65 2.66 2.27 2.05 1.76 3.46 3.38 3.383
Interest Coverage 8.23 8.76 8.22 7.77 7.01 5.72 4.86 4.52 4.13 3.86 3.84 3.86 3.94 3.92 3.79 4.13 4.61 5.23 5.40 4.78 4.775
Equity Multiplier 2.40 2.41 2.36 2.35 2.49 2.47 2.45 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.47 2.49 2.77 2.44 2.36 2.27 2.20 2.12 2.54 2.49 2.493
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.106
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 7.113
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.077
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.173
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1844.2 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.96 1.02 1.08 1.00 0.88 0.91 0.98 1.02 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.88 0.90 0.95 0.98 0.95 0.89 0.81 0.85 0.855
Inventory Turnover — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Receivables Turnover 3.24 4.08 3.73 3.42 3.08 3.60 3.39 3.46 3.27 3.55 3.18 3.04 3.01 3.38 3.23 3.29 3.26 3.58 3.08 3.29 3.291
Payables Turnover 4.39 13.77 4.86 4.60 4.31 11.34 4.83 5.18 5.06 11.42 5.00 5.02 5.10 13.71 5.12 5.35 5.41 18.42 4.61 4.74 4.741
DSO 113 89 98 107 119 101 108 105 112 103 115 120 121 108 113 111 112 102 118 111 110.9 days
DIO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 83 27 75 79 85 32 76 70 72 32 73 73 72 27 71 68 67 20 79 77 77.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 30 63 23 27 34 69 32 35 40 71 42 47 50 82 42 43 44 82 39 34 33.9 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 11.210
Cash Velocity snapshot only 28.504
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.345
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 9.9% 16.8% 25.1% 20.7% 16.9% 16.1% 16.8% 23.2% 26.7% 21.0% 14.3% 9.3% 6.7% 12.0% 16.8% 18.2% 18.8% 13.1% 8.7% 10.2% 10.24%
Net Income 67.9% 71.6% 37.5% 18.1% 5.5% -8.8% -6.5% 13.5% 23.0% 27.4% 25.6% 17.0% 19.6% 23.9% 23.8% 32.8% 35.6% 41.5% 38.0% 17.3% 17.25%
EPS 61.6% 65.6% 32.6% 17.0% 2.2% -13.6% -11.5% 7.5% 19.7% 27.1% 25.4% 16.9% 19.5% 18.5% 18.3% 27.0% 29.6% 40.8% 33.7% 13.7% 13.66%
FCF -18.0% -9.4% -44.4% -23.5% -36.0% -32.3% -2.5% -12.2% -0.2% 4.1% 0.7% 38.1% 96.5% 58.0% 91.8% 1.1% 60.8% 81.2% 37.8% -7.1% -7.14%
EBITDA 23.8% 30.6% 23.6% 13.5% 6.6% 2.8% 6.8% 23.8% 33.8% 30.1% 23.2% 13.6% 10.1% 15.1% 17.7% 23.4% 24.9% 24.1% 20.1% 13.9% 13.88%
Op. Income 22.7% 35.9% 39.3% 32.7% 26.3% 20.2% 18.8% 24.7% 30.6% 31.9% 27.8% 25.8% 19.9% 20.6% 22.4% 23.3% 26.6% 22.9% 22.6% 24.8% 24.76%
OCF Growth snapshot only -4.68%
Asset Growth snapshot only 35.36%
Equity Growth snapshot only 23.21%
Debt Growth snapshot only 68.71%
Shares Change snapshot only 3.17%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 0.83%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 7.2% 9.1% 10.0% 9.2% 8.8% 10.2% 12.4% 15.3% 17.7% 17.9% 18.7% 17.6% 16.5% 16.3% 16.0% 16.8% 17.1% 15.3% 13.2% 12.5% 12.54%
Revenue 5Y 9.1% 10.0% 10.8% 10.5% 10.7% 11.4% 12.0% 12.5% 12.8% 12.8% 12.2% 11.9% 11.7% 12.6% 13.6% 14.7% 15.6% 15.7% 16.2% 16.2% 16.22%
EPS 3Y 16.1% 19.3% 17.7% 12.2% 9.6% 8.7% 17.3% 22.7% 25.5% 22.1% 13.8% 13.7% 13.5% 9.2% 9.5% 16.8% 22.8% 28.5% 25.7% 19.0% 19.04%
EPS 5Y 17.6% 15.4% 13.6% 11.1% 9.2% 11.0% 11.6% 14.1% 13.9% 13.2% 12.6% 12.2% 13.5% 14.1% 19.1% 22.4% 25.1% 24.9% 18.4% 16.2% 16.23%
Net Income 3Y 20.9% 24.0% 22.4% 16.7% 14.9% 14.7% 23.7% 29.2% 29.6% 25.8% 17.3% 16.2% 15.8% 12.9% 13.3% 20.8% 25.9% 30.7% 29.0% 22.2% 22.16%
Net Income 5Y 21.4% 18.9% 17.0% 14.4% 12.9% 15.1% 15.8% 18.3% 18.1% 17.3% 16.6% 16.1% 17.4% 18.9% 24.1% 27.4% 28.7% 28.4% 22.5% 19.6% 19.56%
EBITDA 3Y 25.3% 28.4% 23.2% 16.1% 11.7% 9.7% 14.7% 18.5% 20.9% 20.4% 17.6% 16.9% 16.3% 15.5% 15.7% 20.2% 22.6% 22.9% 20.3% 16.9% 16.88%
EBITDA 5Y 20.3% 21.0% 20.6% 19.1% 18.4% 19.2% 20.1% 22.2% 22.9% 23.1% 19.7% 17.1% 15.5% 14.6% 17.0% 18.4% 19.4% 20.1% 18.1% 17.6% 17.55%
Gross Profit 3Y 3.8% 6.0% 8.6% 8.2% 8.8% 10.6% 13.1% 16.8% 20.5% 23.3% 23.8% 22.9% 21.5% 20.1% 19.9% 21.4% 21.5% 21.4% 20.5% 20.5% 20.49%
Gross Profit 5Y -18.3% -11.9% -4.2% 8.2% 8.4% 9.6% 10.3% 10.6% 11.6% 11.6% 12.5% 13.4% 13.8% 15.7% 16.8% 18.3% 19.7% 21.3% 22.0% 22.0% 21.96%
Op. Income 3Y 16.0% 17.7% 19.3% 17.8% 16.9% 18.0% 20.9% 23.4% 26.5% 29.2% 28.3% 27.7% 25.5% 24.1% 22.9% 24.6% 25.6% 25.1% 24.2% 24.6% 24.63%
Op. Income 5Y 19.2% 18.6% 18.2% 17.6% 17.8% 19.4% 20.2% 20.2% 20.8% 21.0% 20.9% 20.8% 20.1% 21.2% 22.5% 23.9% 25.2% 26.2% 26.0% 26.2% 26.22%
FCF 3Y 16.6% 21.8% 11.6% 3.6% -1.8% -0.4% 2.6% -17.5% -19.4% -13.9% -18.2% -2.5% 7.9% 3.6% 23.5% 36.8% 46.7% 43.9% 38.6% 39.4% 39.37%
FCF 5Y 37.8% 31.3% 23.3% 26.2% 16.5% 17.6% 16.4% 12.8% 0.2% 4.9% 6.4% 6.2% 13.2% 10.2% 15.8% 10.4% 10.6% 12.8% 7.6% 12.7% 12.70%
OCF 3Y 14.0% 18.9% 10.0% 4.0% 0.5% 0.1% 2.8% -14.2% -15.7% -9.5% -13.5% 1.1% 9.8% 4.7% 22.0% 33.2% 39.5% 38.4% 34.1% 33.7% 33.74%
OCF 5Y 25.1% 22.9% 16.8% 19.6% 14.5% 16.1% 14.8% 12.9% 2.2% 5.9% 7.2% 6.8% 12.6% 9.3% 14.3% 9.7% 10.0% 12.9% 8.2% 13.6% 13.55%
Assets 3Y 19.1% 13.1% 9.0% 8.7% 19.4% 19.6% 15.1% 17.7% 19.5% 20.8% 20.3% 15.1% 19.5% 21.5% 21.2% 19.9% 10.2% 12.0% 19.5% 19.3% 19.28%
Assets 5Y 13.2% 12.9% 12.7% 12.8% 18.7% 17.9% 17.1% 18.0% 18.8% 14.9% 13.1% 13.7% 17.3% 18.4% 15.1% 15.4% 16.3% 18.7% 22.8% 19.2% 19.18%
Equity 3Y 14.0% 12.7% 13.4% 13.6% 21.0% 21.7% 21.1% 15.2% 15.5% 15.8% 16.2% 14.5% 14.0% 21.0% 21.2% 21.3% 14.8% 17.9% 18.2% 19.5% 19.48%
Book Value 3Y 9.4% 8.3% 9.0% 9.3% 15.5% 15.4% 14.8% 9.4% 11.9% 12.3% 12.7% 12.1% 11.8% 17.1% 17.2% 17.3% 12.0% 15.9% 15.1% 16.4% 16.43%
Dividend 3Y -6.9% -6.7% -4.8% -2.7% -2.1% -1.6% 1.4% 6.0% 13.5% 18.0% 16.9% 15.0% 8.1% 1.4% -1.1% -2.5% -1.3% -0.2% -1.2% -1.3% -1.26%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.96 0.95 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.93 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.994
Earnings Stability 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.76 0.75 0.79 0.84 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.89 0.92 0.92 0.89 0.94 0.96 0.94 0.88 0.87 0.95 0.951
Margin Stability 0.14 0.34 0.59 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.903
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.93 0.98 0.96 0.97 0.95 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.90 0.87 0.86 0.83 0.85 0.93 0.931
Earnings Smoothness 0.49 0.47 0.68 0.83 0.95 0.91 0.93 0.87 0.79 0.76 0.77 0.84 0.82 0.79 0.79 0.72 0.70 0.66 0.68 0.84 0.841
ROE Trend 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.00 -0.003
Gross Margin Trend -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.016
FCF Margin Trend -0.00 -0.00 -0.04 -0.04 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.006
Sustainable Growth Rate 7.7% 9.0% 9.0% 8.0% 6.8% 6.4% 6.5% 7.3% 6.6% 6.3% 6.2% 6.4% 7.0% 6.8% 6.9% 8.0% 8.7% 8.5% 8.3% 7.7% 7.74%
Internal Growth Rate 3.4% 4.1% 4.1% 3.5% 2.8% 2.7% 2.7% 3.1% 2.7% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.7% 2.8% 2.9% 3.5% 3.7% 3.9% 3.5% 3.3% 3.34%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 2.16 2.17 1.61 1.68 1.52 1.75 1.74 1.39 1.25 1.48 1.46 1.56 1.84 1.73 2.01 2.25 2.08 2.08 1.95 1.83 1.829
FCF/OCF 0.92 0.90 0.86 0.85 0.79 0.83 0.83 0.79 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.83 0.88 0.87 0.90 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.895
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.636
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.708
CapEx/Revenue 0.7% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 0.93%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.227
Accruals Ratio -0.05 -0.06 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.034
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.027
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 4.497
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 0.87%
Dividend/Share $0.68 $0.68 $0.70 $0.70 $0.71 $0.72 $0.81 $0.92 $1.11 $1.30 $1.41 $1.49 $1.49 $1.43 $1.45 $1.46 $1.48 $1.49 $1.46 $1.47 $1.50
Payout Ratio 19.3% 17.0% 17.2% 18.5% 19.7% 20.9% 22.5% 22.6% 25.8% 29.5% 31.3% 31.3% 29.0% 27.5% 27.1% 24.1% 22.1% 20.3% 20.5% 21.4% 21.39%
FCF Payout Ratio 9.7% 8.7% 12.3% 13.0% 16.3% 14.4% 15.5% 20.5% 26.3% 24.9% 26.9% 24.0% 18.0% 18.1% 15.0% 11.7% 11.6% 10.5% 11.4% 13.1% 13.07%
Total Payout Ratio 19.3% 17.0% 17.2% 18.5% 19.7% 20.9% 22.5% 22.6% 25.8% 29.5% 31.3% 31.3% 29.0% 27.5% 27.1% 24.1% 22.1% 20.3% 20.5% 21.4% 21.39%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number -0.08 -0.08 -0.02 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.23 0.39 0.62 0.81 0.76 0.63 0.35 0.16 0.08 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.049
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield -1.8% -1.5% -1.6% -0.0% -4.9% -4.6% -4.1% -4.1% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -3.4% -3.5% -3.1% -3.1% -2.9% -3.2% -4.0% -3.97%
Total Shareholder Return -1.3% -1.1% -1.2% 0.4% -4.4% -4.1% -3.6% -3.6% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% -2.8% -2.9% -2.6% -2.6% -2.3% -2.6% -3.1% -3.14%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.723
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.78 0.81 0.83 0.83 0.80 0.798
EBIT Margin 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.084
Asset Turnover 0.96 1.02 1.08 1.00 0.88 0.91 0.98 1.02 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.88 0.90 0.95 0.98 0.95 0.89 0.81 0.85 0.855
Equity Multiplier 2.33 2.30 2.29 2.40 2.45 2.45 2.41 2.44 2.48 2.47 2.46 2.50 2.63 2.45 2.41 2.37 2.45 2.27 2.46 2.39 2.392
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $3.53 $4.01 $4.07 $3.80 $3.61 $3.46 $3.60 $4.09 $4.32 $4.40 $4.51 $4.78 $5.16 $5.22 $5.34 $6.07 $6.68 $7.35 $7.14 $6.90 $6.90
Book Value/Share $39.07 $39.46 $39.93 $40.08 $47.78 $48.15 $48.71 $48.99 $50.19 $50.64 $51.44 $52.98 $54.56 $63.33 $64.26 $64.75 $67.12 $74.97 $74.30 $77.33 $77.44
Tangible Book/Share $-5.74 $-5.48 $-4.25 $-3.83 $-16.35 $-15.14 $-15.50 $-16.95 $-16.35 $-15.45 $-15.02 $-14.25 $-12.37 $-20.81 $-19.68 $-16.96 $-15.15 $-9.64 $-41.39 $-40.30 $-40.30
Revenue/Share $81.77 $86.95 $92.09 $93.11 $92.65 $95.67 $101.80 $108.64 $114.22 $115.51 $116.22 $118.66 $121.72 $123.76 $129.71 $134.08 $138.24 $139.28 $136.57 $143.28 $143.48
FCF/Share $7.03 $7.83 $5.65 $5.42 $4.36 $5.02 $5.22 $4.50 $4.23 $5.22 $5.25 $6.22 $8.31 $7.89 $9.62 $12.54 $12.77 $14.23 $12.84 $11.28 $11.30
OCF/Share $7.61 $8.68 $6.55 $6.38 $5.50 $6.07 $6.26 $5.70 $5.40 $6.50 $6.58 $7.45 $9.50 $9.03 $10.75 $13.65 $13.87 $15.31 $13.95 $12.62 $12.63
Cash/Share $5.42 $8.99 $5.85 $5.27 $3.66 $4.83 $2.58 $2.44 $2.32 $4.01 $2.73 $2.99 $20.12 $6.06 $3.15 $3.31 $3.16 $13.10 $4.54 $5.03 $5.03
EBITDA/Share $9.63 $10.36 $10.68 $10.29 $9.95 $10.10 $10.79 $12.06 $12.95 $13.11 $13.28 $13.69 $14.25 $14.43 $14.94 $16.15 $17.01 $17.82 $17.38 $17.82 $17.82
Debt/Share $24.53 $23.66 $23.78 $23.74 $36.42 $32.74 $34.90 $37.89 $38.08 $34.12 $36.47 $38.04 $44.75 $44.34 $42.82 $39.95 $38.05 $44.52 $64.67 $65.32 $65.32
Net Debt/Share $19.11 $14.67 $17.94 $18.46 $32.76 $27.91 $32.32 $35.46 $35.75 $30.11 $33.74 $35.05 $24.62 $38.28 $39.67 $36.64 $34.89 $31.42 $60.13 $60.30 $60.30
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.077
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 2.707
Piotroski F-Score 6 7 7 6 5 4 4 5 6 8 8 8 7 5 7 8 7 8 5 4 4
Beneish M-Score -2.45 -2.56 -2.29 -2.47 -2.20 -2.06 -2.19 -2.12 -2.40 -2.52 -2.47 -2.49 -2.47 -2.33 -2.43 -3.79 -2.58 -2.82 -2.53 -2.22 -2.221
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.805
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-58.15
EVA snapshot only $-415034383.73
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB-
Credit Score 67.17 74.35 70.57 65.91 57.91 55.17 56.11 56.11 57.12 57.24 64.09 57.41 57.28 56.03 60.76 66.98 68.68 72.34 56.45 52.80 52.802
Credit Grade snapshot only 10
Credit Trend snapshot only -14.181
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 350.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 45
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 40

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