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Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: AKBIF (OTC) · $vol 0M

7238.T JPX

Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd.
1W: -0.9% 1M: -3.7% 3M: -0.9% YTD: -21.1% 1Y: -3.7% 3Y: -24.5% 5Y: -39.3%
¥105.00 ($0.67)
-2.00 (-1.87%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.9%
¥97 ¥101 ¥105 ¥109 ¥113
JPX · Consumer Cyclical · Auto - Parts · Tech Score Neutral · Power 47 · ¥28.5B mcap · 93M float · 2.50% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
2
ROA
4
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. 7238.T receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: ROA (4/5), P/B (5/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), ROE (2/5), D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B- B
2026-09-24 None ADDED
2026-09-23 EXISTED None
2026-05-18 B B-
2026-05-18 B- B
2026-05-15 C B-
2026-05-07 None ADDED
2026-05-06 EXISTED None
2026-01-05 None ADDED
2026-01-04 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 47 Grade B
Profitability
11
Balance Sheet
66
Earnings Quality
76
Growth
55
Value
57
Momentum
84
Safety
50
Cash Flow
36
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. 7238.T scores highest in Momentum (84/100) and lowest in Profitability (11/100). A grade of B indicates above-average fundamentals with room for improvement in select areas.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
2.38
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.56
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-9.34
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BB+
Score: 49.0/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 2.61x
Accruals: -2.3%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. 7238.T scores 2.38, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. 7238.T scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. 7238.T's score of -2.56 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. 7238.T's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. 7238.T receives an estimated rating of BB+ (score: 49.0/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). 7238.T's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
14.08x
PEG
-0.00x
P/S
0.18x
P/B
0.56x
P/FCF
244.55x
P/OCF
13.07x
EV/EBITDA
6.81x
EV/Revenue
0.50x
EV/EBIT
14.37x
EV/FCF
311.29x
Earnings Yield
2.93%
FCF Yield
0.41%
Shareholder Yield
0.00%
Graham Number
$85.33
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 14.1x earnings, 7238.T trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $85.33 per share, 23% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.543
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.610
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.035
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.245
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.568
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
3.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. 7238.T's ROE of 3.7% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.245), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 0.54 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$132.16
Price/Value
0.89x
Margin of Safety
11.47%
Premium
-11.47%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with 7238.T's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. 7238.T trades at a -11% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $132.16, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 14.1x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$105.00
Median 1Y
$88.92
5th Pctile
$38.67
95th Pctile
$204.38
Ann. Volatility
48.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE -17.9% -10.2% -7.7% 10.4% 13.0% 15.0% 8.4% 2.2% -1.5% -6.2% -1.8% 7.2% 16.8% 6.9% 11.1% 0.3% -11.9% -2.8% -1.2% 3.7% 3.68%
ROA -5.5% -3.2% -2.4% 3.1% 3.9% 4.6% 2.5% 0.7% -0.5% -2.0% -0.6% 2.4% 5.5% 2.5% 3.8% 0.1% -4.3% -1.1% -0.4% 1.4% 1.43%
ROIC 3.2% 7.5% 6.3% 5.8% 3.2% 1.1% 1.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.3% -0.3% 4.3% 4.0% 4.1% 4.3% 0.9% 5.4% -8.7% 1.8% 6.7% 6.67%
ROCE -4.9% -1.5% -1.0% 5.1% 6.6% 7.4% 5.3% 3.3% 2.3% -0.2% 3.1% 7.6% 3.5% 4.1% 5.0% 3.2% 4.7% 4.9% 6.3% 5.8% 5.76%
Gross Margin 15.6% 13.0% 10.7% 11.7% 10.5% 7.6% 8.9% 8.5% 7.4% 7.8% 10.1% 12.6% 9.6% 9.1% 10.5% 10.8% 11.3% 10.3% 12.7% 11.3% 11.26%
Operating Margin 5.8% 3.2% 1.0% 2.3% 0.6% -1.2% 0.9% 0.2% -0.2% -0.2% 2.9% 5.0% 0.2% 1.9% 2.1% 3.5% 3.4% 2.4% 5.2% 2.8% 2.80%
Net Margin 4.3% 2.3% 0.8% 4.7% 8.4% 4.7% -6.2% -2.6% 3.1% -1.2% -1.3% 7.9% 14.8% -12.3% 3.1% -4.4% -0.3% -1.7% 4.9% 1.5% 1.51%
EBITDA Margin 9.8% 7.5% 5.4% 10.1% 15.2% 10.0% -0.8% 3.3% 8.5% 4.4% 4.3% 11.2% 4.4% 6.0% 6.2% 7.6% 7.2% 6.2% 9.0% 6.8% 6.78%
FCF Margin 3.4% 5.2% 4.1% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% -0.3% -1.9% -1.8% -1.3% 0.1% 2.1% 1.4% -2.8% -0.8% -2.7% -3.4% 0.8% -0.9% 0.2% 0.16%
OCF Margin 6.3% 8.1% 7.2% 4.0% 5.0% 5.7% 4.8% 3.0% 2.2% 2.0% 3.0% 4.6% 4.3% 0.6% 2.9% 0.9% -0.1% 3.8% 1.7% 3.0% 3.00%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.52%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 4.51%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 1.29%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.41%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 5.46%
Cash ROA snapshot only 3.73%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 7.09%
CROIC snapshot only 0.38%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 2.82%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 2.12%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 7.92%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio -3.05 -6.86 -7.74 5.05 3.74 3.26 5.50 20.18 -27.74 -6.47 -17.36 22.27 11.44 20.17 11.94 172.84 -4.84 -22.95 -83.22 34.08 14.075
P/S Ratio 0.17 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.46 0.56 0.42 0.38 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.28 0.39 0.181
P/B Ratio 0.57 0.71 0.60 0.49 0.47 0.46 0.43 0.45 0.41 0.39 0.31 1.47 1.83 1.35 1.35 0.59 0.59 0.68 0.95 1.24 0.558
P/FCF 5.03 4.00 4.37 45.79 29.92 26.09 -50.35 -6.70 -6.55 -8.47 70.91 22.45 41.15 -14.71 -47.25 -6.56 -5.15 23.72 -30.02 244.55 244.547
P/OCF 2.74 2.56 2.52 3.83 3.05 2.67 2.84 4.17 5.44 5.82 3.01 10.08 13.12 69.32 13.12 20.08 — 5.22 16.96 13.07 13.072
EV/EBITDA 60.06 11.08 9.30 3.66 3.19 3.17 3.57 4.42 5.16 6.96 4.62 8.47 10.74 8.25 7.06 4.70 4.17 4.64 5.18 6.81 6.813
EV/Revenue 0.30 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.27 0.23 0.60 0.65 0.53 0.49 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.39 0.50 0.500
EV/EBIT -7.65 -29.98 -39.77 7.39 5.73 5.46 7.22 12.09 23.23 -347.95 19.27 18.99 31.84 22.07 17.15 14.69 10.29 11.03 10.69 14.37 14.373
EV/FCF 8.63 6.44 7.77 89.38 59.76 55.40 -108.48 -15.14 -14.61 -19.69 184.94 29.03 47.81 -18.82 -60.60 -10.36 -8.28 38.20 -41.18 311.29 311.290
Earnings Yield -32.8% -14.6% -12.9% 19.8% 26.7% 30.7% 18.2% 5.0% -3.6% -15.5% -5.8% 4.5% 8.7% 5.0% 8.4% 0.6% -20.7% -4.4% -1.2% 2.9% 2.93%
FCF Yield 19.9% 25.0% 22.9% 2.2% 3.3% 3.8% -2.0% -14.9% -15.3% -11.8% 1.4% 4.5% 2.4% -6.8% -2.1% -15.2% -19.4% 4.2% -3.3% 0.4% 0.41%
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 1.301
EV/OCF snapshot only 16.639
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 4.383
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 14.373
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.00%
Graham Number snapshot only $85.33
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.28 2.41 2.34 2.36 2.21 2.28 2.22 2.25 1.12 0.91 0.91 0.93 1.61 2.01 1.93 2.07 2.03 1.96 1.93 2.08 2.083
Quick Ratio 1.85 1.89 1.83 1.83 1.69 1.71 1.69 1.71 0.86 0.69 0.70 0.73 1.27 1.47 1.42 1.53 1.51 1.47 1.44 1.55 1.545
Debt/Equity 1.22 1.20 1.21 1.18 1.13 1.11 1.11 1.15 1.07 1.03 1.06 0.94 0.99 0.69 0.76 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.72 0.70 0.696
Net Debt/Equity 0.41 0.43 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.52 0.50 0.56 0.50 0.52 0.51 0.43 0.30 0.38 0.38 0.34 0.36 0.41 0.35 0.34 0.339
Debt/Assets 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.274
Debt/EBITDA 75.09 11.63 10.54 4.49 3.85 3.57 4.25 5.04 6.02 7.97 5.94 4.22 4.98 3.30 3.10 3.60 3.28 3.35 2.88 3.00 3.001
Net Debt/EBITDA 25.04 4.21 4.07 1.79 1.59 1.68 1.91 2.47 2.85 3.97 2.85 1.92 1.50 1.80 1.55 1.72 1.57 1.76 1.40 1.46 1.461
Interest Coverage -4.14 -1.27 -0.92 5.38 6.93 7.77 5.46 3.43 1.65 -0.11 1.72 3.75 1.14 1.15 1.28 0.89 2.07 2.51 3.16 3.00 2.997
Equity Multiplier 3.40 3.31 3.35 3.28 3.25 3.19 3.24 3.26 3.14 3.10 3.14 2.87 2.93 2.56 2.74 2.59 2.64 2.72 2.64 2.54 2.545
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.561
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 6.324
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.513
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.007
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1409.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.97 1.06 1.01 1.00 0.96 0.98 1.03 1.10 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.14 1.13 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.18 1.24 1.27 1.25 1.245
Inventory Turnover 8.30 7.81 8.05 8.20 7.37 7.09 7.50 8.17 8.26 8.04 8.27 8.86 8.49 8.33 8.35 8.70 8.51 8.41 8.28 8.23 8.225
Receivables Turnover 5.34 6.28 5.47 5.31 5.21 5.38 5.51 5.75 5.82 5.60 5.57 5.84 5.77 5.59 5.70 5.81 5.83 5.51 5.73 5.69 5.685
Payables Turnover 6.97 8.26 6.96 6.79 6.39 6.97 6.63 7.37 7.43 7.39 6.82 7.48 7.41 7.43 7.00 7.66 7.75 7.64 7.33 8.22 8.218
DSO 68 58 67 69 70 68 66 63 63 65 66 63 63 65 64 63 63 66 64 64 64.2 days
DIO 44 47 45 45 49 51 49 45 44 45 44 41 43 44 44 42 43 43 44 44 44.4 days
DPO 52 44 52 54 57 52 55 50 49 49 54 49 49 49 52 48 47 48 50 44 44.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 60 61 60 59 62 67 60 59 58 61 56 55 57 60 56 57 58 62 58 64 64.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.314
Operating Cycle snapshot only 108.6 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 8.849
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.805
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue -24.7% -6.9% -3.3% 1.1% 1.0% -1.3% 7.7% 13.6% 19.0% 17.8% 12.4% 8.0% 2.9% 1.6% -2.4% -2.8% -2.0% -4.4% -0.9% -1.0% -0.97%
Net Income -1.2% -1.4% -39.8% 1.3% 1.7% 2.5% 2.1% -76.9% -1.1% -1.4% -1.2% 2.6% 12.9% 2.2% 7.0% -95.1% -1.7% -1.4% -1.1% 10.0% 9.98%
EPS -1.2% -1.4% -39.7% 1.3% 1.7% 2.5% 2.1% -76.9% -1.1% -1.4% -1.2% -8.8% 3.9% 1.3% 2.5% -90.6% -2.4% -1.8% -1.1% 4.5% 4.55%
FCF 1.5% 1.6% 1.6% -77.3% -84.9% -88.9% -1.1% -7.3% -5.2% -3.7% 1.5% 2.2% 1.8% -1.1% -7.2% -2.3% -3.4% 1.3% -15.6% 1.1% 1.06%
EBITDA -98.4% -78.1% -23.1% 4.4% 18.7% 2.3% 1.6% -11.5% -37.2% -56.0% -30.0% 18.6% 22.7% 72.0% 33.8% -16.8% 9.0% 0.9% 7.0% 20.2% 20.23%
Op. Income 16.3% 6.0% 8.4% 8.1% 1.5% -84.4% -80.8% -95.6% -1.0% -67.7% 24.9% 16.0% 32.9% 13.8% 2.3% -1.0% 32.7% 8.9% 55.6% 78.3% 78.28%
OCF Growth snapshot only 2.33%
Asset Growth snapshot only 0.41%
Equity Growth snapshot only 2.24%
Debt Growth snapshot only 0.33%
Shares Change snapshot only 97.94%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y -19.7% -18.0% -18.2% -17.8% -16.7% -14.1% -10.5% -7.3% -3.2% 2.7% 5.4% 7.5% 7.4% 5.7% 5.7% 6.1% 6.3% 4.6% 2.8% 1.3% 1.31%
Revenue 5Y -13.7% -12.4% -12.4% -12.6% -12.9% -12.3% -11.3% -10.3% -9.0% -8.5% -7.9% -7.4% -6.7% -5.4% -4.7% -3.5% -1.8% 1.0% 2.5% 3.6% 3.62%
EPS 3Y — — — — — — -43.7% -66.2% — — — — — — — -72.9% — — — -21.8% -21.83%
EPS 5Y — — — 63.5% 6.8% 8.1% -7.5% 4.1% — — — — — — -42.5% -68.1% — — — — —
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — -43.7% -66.2% — — — — — — — -65.7% — — — 24.3% 24.31%
Net Income 5Y — — — 63.6% 6.9% 8.1% -7.5% 4.2% — — — — — — -23.9% -63.2% — — — — —
EBITDA 3Y -67.7% -38.9% 53.2% 1.5% — 18.5% -30.0% -36.0% -42.3% -31.5% 11.2% — 1.5% 36.2% 33.7% -4.4% -5.7% -8.6% 0.0% 5.9% 5.86%
EBITDA 5Y — — 37.3% -5.7% -7.3% -6.6% -10.9% -13.6% -16.1% -19.7% 45.1% 75.4% — 4.7% -20.4% -23.7% -23.8% -11.0% 14.5% — —
Gross Profit 3Y -19.0% -12.4% -11.4% -7.7% -9.8% -10.5% -9.4% -12.9% -10.3% -0.2% 2.5% 7.6% 2.7% -2.6% -1.5% -2.2% 3.0% 6.8% 8.5% 10.3% 10.30%
Gross Profit 5Y -1.5% -0.6% -4.5% -8.2% -11.7% -13.8% -14.5% -14.4% -14.7% -13.7% -11.2% -6.5% -4.7% -2.5% -2.3% -4.7% -1.3% 4.9% 6.7% 7.6% 7.57%
Op. Income 3Y -31.5% -3.6% 6.7% 1.7% — — 49.0% -63.2% — — — — 12.4% -9.2% -7.9% -9.7% 22.9% 73.3% 85.2% 2.1% 2.11%
Op. Income 5Y — — 1.0% 0.1% -19.8% -35.6% -36.8% -53.1% — -46.1% -21.9% 71.1% — — 68.3% -3.4% 17.0% — — — —
FCF 3Y -26.3% 7.9% 34.5% — — — — — — — — 19.3% -21.2% — — — — 17.4% — — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — -18.7% — — — — -38.1% — — — — — — — — -33.8% -33.76%
OCF 3Y -28.7% -14.8% -12.9% 1.5% 21.9% 38.5% 74.6% — — — — 10.9% -5.8% -55.6% -21.5% -35.8% — -9.1% -27.5% 1.1% 1.13%
OCF 5Y 16.0% 10.7% 9.3% -17.3% -9.1% -15.0% -19.8% -24.8% -31.7% -29.5% -19.6% 7.8% 13.4% -19.8% 29.0% — — — — -3.0% -2.96%
Assets 3Y -10.3% -10.3% -7.2% -6.1% -5.0% -2.4% -1.1% -1.7% 2.1% 4.7% 4.1% 4.3% 2.3% -1.4% -2.9% -2.8% -4.3% -5.0% -5.1% -3.0% -3.03%
Assets 5Y -6.4% -5.8% -6.5% -7.1% -6.7% -6.3% -5.8% -6.2% -5.5% -4.6% -2.8% -2.2% -2.5% -3.5% -3.9% -2.9% -1.4% -0.8% -0.7% -0.6% -0.58%
Equity 3Y 16.5% 15.8% 72.5% 1.4% — 10.9% 1.0% -3.6% 1.3% 4.6% 4.8% 12.0% 7.4% 7.5% 3.9% 5.2% 2.6% 0.1% 1.5% 5.3% 5.29%
Book Value 3Y 16.4% 15.7% 72.3% 1.4% — 10.8% 1.0% -3.6% 1.3% 4.6% 4.8% -29.1% -32.6% -32.6% -34.8% -17.0% -19.0% -21.0% -29.0% -33.8% -33.79%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.90 0.93 0.90 0.84 0.76 0.67 0.56 0.46 0.37 0.32 0.30 0.25 0.16 0.02 0.31 0.69 0.69 0.695
Earnings Stability 0.10 0.15 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.16 0.13 0.30 0.16 0.22 0.29 0.287
Margin Stability 0.77 0.76 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.81 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.88 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.902
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness — — — — — — — 0.00 — — — 0.00 — — — 0.00 — — — 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend — -0.09 -0.28 0.00 -0.13 0.08 0.15 0.13 0.02 -0.08 -0.02 0.01 0.11 0.03 0.08 -0.04 -0.19 -0.03 -0.06 0.00 0.002
Gross Margin Trend 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.016
FCF Margin Trend 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.02 0.03 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.03 0.03 -0.01 0.00 0.005
Sustainable Growth Rate — — — 10.4% 13.0% 15.0% 8.4% 2.2% — — — 7.2% 16.8% 6.9% 11.1% 0.3% — — — 3.7% 3.68%
Internal Growth Rate — — — 3.1% 4.1% 4.8% 2.6% 0.7% — — — 2.4% 5.9% 2.5% 3.9% 0.1% — — — 1.5% 1.45%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income -1.11 -2.68 -3.07 1.32 1.23 1.22 1.94 4.84 -5.10 -1.11 -5.77 2.21 0.87 0.29 0.91 8.61 0.03 -4.39 -4.91 2.61 2.607
FCF/OCF 0.55 0.64 0.58 0.08 0.10 0.10 -0.06 -0.62 -0.83 -0.69 0.04 0.45 0.32 -4.71 -0.28 -3.06 32.04 0.22 -0.57 0.05 0.053
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.139
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.409
CapEx/Revenue 2.9% 2.9% 3.0% 3.7% 4.5% 5.1% 5.0% 4.9% 3.9% 3.3% 2.9% 2.5% 2.9% 3.4% 3.7% 3.6% 3.3% 2.9% 2.6% 2.8% 2.84%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.737
Accruals Ratio -0.12 -0.12 -0.10 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 0.01 0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.04 -0.06 -0.03 -0.02 -0.023
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.038
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.056
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $3.01 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — 0.0% 0.00%
FCF Payout Ratio 8.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — — 0.0% — 0.0% 0.00%
Total Payout Ratio — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% — — — 0.0% 0.00%
Div. Increase Streak 0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Shareholder Return 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 1.24 1.94 2.43 0.74 0.79 0.84 0.72 0.36 -0.86 2.46 -0.93 0.84 0.72 0.55 0.63 0.04 1.34 -2.74 -0.44 0.54 0.543
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.18 1.40 1.19 1.02 0.97 0.94 0.84 0.73 0.44 9.39 0.46 0.78 3.34 1.55 1.78 1.29 -0.99 0.11 0.21 0.61 0.610
EBIT Margin -0.04 -0.01 -0.01 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.035
Asset Turnover 0.97 1.06 1.01 1.00 0.96 0.98 1.03 1.10 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.14 1.13 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.18 1.24 1.27 1.25 1.245
Equity Multiplier 3.23 3.20 3.28 3.41 3.32 3.24 3.29 3.27 3.19 3.14 3.19 3.05 3.03 2.82 2.94 2.74 2.79 2.63 2.69 2.57 2.568
Per Share
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $-56.73 $-31.91 $-23.92 $31.10 $41.42 $48.78 $27.29 $7.19 $-5.08 $-21.65 $-6.45 $6.56 $14.95 $6.35 $9.63 $0.62 $-21.51 $-5.01 $-1.41 $3.43 $3.43
Book Value/Share $304.51 $309.22 $307.95 $318.80 $331.53 $342.87 $345.66 $324.70 $343.82 $360.08 $356.62 $99.53 $93.24 $94.87 $85.33 $182.49 $176.17 $169.34 $123.78 $94.26 $210.95
Tangible Book/Share $286.84 $291.92 $290.38 $300.61 $312.77 $323.36 $325.96 $307.07 $325.73 $340.78 $337.74 $94.91 $88.67 $90.24 $81.02 $173.80 $168.27 $161.70 $118.58 $89.95 $89.95
Revenue/Share $998.67 $1055.64 $1026.47 $1014.36 $1009.06 $1041.70 $1106.21 $1152.72 $1201.00 $1227.48 $1243.20 $315.90 $305.44 $307.82 $299.66 $595.74 $596.22 $586.64 $411.63 $298.06 $580.08
FCF/Share $34.38 $54.79 $42.35 $3.43 $5.18 $6.09 $-2.98 $-21.65 $-21.53 $-16.54 $1.58 $6.50 $4.16 $-8.70 $-2.43 $-16.31 $-20.19 $4.85 $-3.90 $0.48 $5.00
OCF/Share $63.06 $85.40 $73.44 $40.98 $50.90 $59.65 $52.87 $34.80 $25.90 $24.04 $37.27 $14.48 $13.03 $1.85 $8.77 $5.33 $-0.63 $22.01 $6.90 $8.95 $25.63
Cash/Share $247.30 $236.41 $229.13 $226.85 $219.20 $200.68 $211.25 $190.88 $193.39 $187.09 $196.15 $51.19 $64.45 $29.62 $32.30 $67.44 $68.61 $63.48 $45.73 $33.68 $70.00
EBITDA/Share $4.94 $31.86 $35.38 $83.73 $97.16 $106.37 $90.48 $74.11 $60.98 $46.75 $63.29 $22.30 $18.50 $19.86 $20.90 $35.99 $40.15 $39.94 $31.00 $21.86 $21.86
Debt/Share $371.03 $370.41 $373.00 $376.31 $373.76 $379.27 $384.46 $373.74 $366.98 $372.68 $376.27 $94.02 $92.16 $65.46 $64.77 $129.45 $131.85 $133.70 $89.22 $65.61 $65.61
Net Debt/Share $123.73 $134.00 $143.87 $149.45 $154.57 $178.59 $173.21 $182.87 $173.58 $185.59 $180.12 $42.83 $27.70 $35.84 $32.48 $62.01 $63.23 $70.23 $43.50 $31.93 $31.93
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.380
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 3.320
Piotroski F-Score 4 4 3 6 5 5 7 5 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 4 5 7 7
Beneish M-Score -3.07 -3.11 -2.77 -2.52 -2.23 -1.91 -2.23 -2.26 -2.23 -2.56 -2.52 -2.65 -2.76 -2.66 -3.10 -2.69 -2.75 -2.83 -2.55 -2.56 -2.557
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -9.340
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 6.69%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-7.57
EVA snapshot only $-2260629876.25
Credit
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BB+
Credit Score 27.50 28.46 28.80 47.33 49.45 59.07 47.23 41.28 27.30 17.89 26.21 43.31 39.65 41.25 40.02 39.15 46.61 47.08 50.77 49.00 49.002
Credit Grade snapshot only 11
Credit Trend snapshot only 9.853
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 400.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 34
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 41

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